Throughout the civilized world, six different groups of drugs are used that reduce arterial pressure.

Let's say right away that it is not so easy to understand their features for a person who is not versed in medicine, but Russian consumers, who are ready to penetrate deeply into the pharmacological details and carefully study the instructions for the drugs, if desired and well served, can definitely cope with this task.

In this article, we will look at the TOP of the most commonly prescribed pills for high blood pressure. Reviews and prices are attached to the drugs.

Norm

The blood pressure rate in adults is as follows:

• The lowered blood pressure is 100-110 / 70-60 mm Hg.
• The most optimal pressure is considered to be 120/80 mm Hg.
• A slightly elevated blood pressure is called 130-139 / 85-89 mm Hg.
• High pressure is considered to be more than 140/90 mm Hg.

As age causes a variety of changes in human body, you should take them into account when measuring pressure. Children and adolescents can often have low blood pressure, while older age is characterized by a higher value.

What aggravates the clinical picture with high blood pressure?

In people under 60 years of age, in those with diabetes or kidney ailments, it is advisable to keep blood pressure values ​​120-130 by 85 mm Hg.

There are the following qualifications of risk factors for hypertension:

1. Smoking;
2. Age indicators (the risk of developing the disease increases for men after 55 years, and for women 10 years older);
3. Cholesterol indicators (if over 6.5 mol / l.);
4. When the patient is sick with diabetes;
5. Hereditary factor.

Factors that can increase the risk of death in people with hypertension:

• transferred or cerebral ischemia;
• , Ischemic heart disease,;
• renal failure, diabetic nephropathy;
• the presence of signs of peripheral vascular lesions, dissecting aortic aneurysm;
• changes in the retina - exudates, hemorrhages, edema of the optic nipple.

However, the highest risk of death is observed in patients who have four manifestations at once:

• arterial hypertension;
• obesity;
• high rates.

Nevertheless, many people cannot assess the risks of hypertension correctly and adequately, believing that high blood pressure is not scary, and you can even bring it down without pills.

There are several categories of patients with hypertensive illness. The former ignore the danger of blood pressure risks and try to live to the best of their health endurance. Thus, considering that if the ailment does not cause significant discomfort, then you can get by with pills blocking the blood pressure surges. Second patients, on the contrary, overestimate the risk and try to heal the ailment with all drugs that come to hand, not paying attention to the side effects, but ignore visits to the doctor.

Do not self-medicate

Today, drugs are produced by many pharmaceutical companies... They are divided into large groups depending on their action and chemical composition. Prescribing drugs for hypertension should be the attending physician after the examination and concomitant examination.

High blood pressure can be treated different ways and the choice of the remedy depends largely on the individual characteristics of the patient. Which medicines are suitable in this case, you can find out based on the experience of the doctor and the patient's response to the pills.

What drugs are prescribed?

It is advisable to consider the main drugs:

1. Beta blockers. These are special medications to lower blood pressure by lowering the heart rate. But, their reverse side is in the form side effects- weakness, skin rashes, excessive slowing of the pulse.
2. Diuretics This is a group of drugs with a diuretic effect. They are taken in order to quickly lower blood pressure by removing fluid from the body. But, receiving data medicines can negatively affect the functioning of the heart, lead to dizziness, and nausea.
3. ACE inhibitors. The body can produce a large amount of a hormone that negatively affects the blood vessels, narrowing them. This group of drugs is aimed at lowering the amount of hormone produced. As a result, blood pressure drops when the vessels dilate. The negative effects of inhibitors can manifest themselves in the form allergic reactions or a sudden cough.
4. Angiotensin antagonists... High pressure may be due to the effect on the vessels of angiotensin 2, and drugs in this group block this action. But the result may be dizziness, accompanied by nausea.
5. Calcium antagonists... The main purpose of such funds is to have a relaxing effect on blood vessels, as a result of which blood pressure decreases. Side effects after taking such drugs are manifested in the form of hot flashes, heart palpitations, and sometimes even dizziness.

The table shows a general list of drugs from different pharmacological groups, prescribed at elevated pressure:

These medicines are indicated for treatment arterial hypertension(persistent pressure increase) of any degree. The stage of the disease, age, the presence of concomitant diseases, the individual characteristics of the organism are taken into account when choosing a remedy, choosing a dosage, frequency of administration and a combination of drugs.

Tablets from the sartan group are currently considered the most promising and effective in the treatment of hypertension. Their therapeutic effect due to the blocking of receptors for angiotensin II - a powerful vasoconstrictor substance that causes a persistent and rapid increase in A / D in the body. The tablets, when taken for a long time, give a good therapeutic effect without the development of any undesirable consequences and withdrawal syndrome.

Below is a list of the most effective drugs for high blood pressure:

That is why it is necessary to consult a doctor and prescribe them effective therapy for the treatment of hypertension.

Extended-release pills

The drugs have a long-term therapeutic effect, which is convenient in the treatment of hypertension. It is enough to take only 1-2 tablets per day to normalize blood pressure at home and achieve stable remission.

List of drugs long acting new generation:

• Metoprolol - 29.00 rubles.
• - 108.00 rub.
• Losartan - 109.00 rubles.
• - 91.00 rub.
• - 366.00 rub.
• - RUB 31.00
• Propranolol - 182.10 rubles.

These funds are used for long-term combination therapy for hypertension of 2-3 degrees. The peculiarities of the reception are in the long-term cumulative effect. To obtain a lasting result, you need to take these drugs for 3 or more weeks, so you do not need to stop taking it if the pressure has not dropped immediately.

Fast-acting pills

List of antihypertensive drugs quick action:

• - 20.00 rub.
• - 22.00 rub.
• - RUB 13.00
• Adelfan - 1189.56 rubles.
• - RUB 9.00

At high pressure, it is enough to put half or a whole tablet of Captopril or Adelfan under the tongue and dissolve. The pressure will drop in 10-30 minutes. But it is worth knowing that the effect of taking such funds is short-lived. For example, a patient has to take Captopril up to 3 times a day, which is not always convenient.

Rauwolfia preparations: why is their use impractical?

These drugs have been used to reasonably treat arterial hypertension. The most popular products in this category are Reserpine. They are direct antispasmodics, which, moreover, provoke a retention of sodium and water in the body.

Taking such a drug, you need to take into account that it helps from pressure very slowly - the effect is noted only after 1-2 weeks. after starting treatment. A persistent decrease in blood pressure is observed in only about a quarter of patients. Therefore, these drugs cannot be considered a modern antihypertensive agent. However, there is another important factor why it is better not to use these pills. The reasons are a large number of side effects that appear when taking such drugs. So, there is evidence that when taking rauwolfia drugs, the incidence of breast cancer increased. It was also noted that when taking such drugs, the potentiation of the development of pancreatic cancer was noted.

Therefore, in many countries, drugs containing reserpine have been banned. In addition to these negative effects, these drugs also cause the following side effects: drowsiness, nasal congestion, bronchospasm, gastrointestinal ulcers, arrhythmia, depression, edema, impotence.

Relief of a hypertensive crisis

In case of crises, intramuscular injections of magnesia or other drugs have already been abandoned.

Today, the hypertensive crisis is stopped:

1. By absorption under the tongue, a 10 mg tablet (less often 5 mg) of nifedipine (corinfar).
2. Or 25 - 50 mg (this best medicine with a crisis).

Physiotens (moxonidine) at a dose of 0.4 mg or clonidine (clonidine) at a dose of 0.075-0.15 mg is also used.

The latter drug is used only in those who chronically take clonidine, which has now been removed from the standard of care.

Are there safe drugs?

When high blood pressure interferes with normal life, the question arises of how to find the safest medicines without side effects. Unfortunately, science has not donated such drugs. After all, it is extremely difficult to develop a universal drug that would be suitable for every patient, but at the same time did not have any side effects.

But nevertheless, new generation drugs have significant advantages over outdated drugs for the treatment of hypertension, they are as follows:

1. Long-acting drugs. Consequently, the dosage of the drug is reduced and thus the risk of side effects is minimized.
2. Minimizing side effects. There are no absolutely safe drugs for every patient, but new developments are selecting components in such a way that they do not cause negative reactions in the body.
3. Technologies of the new time give more effective drugs for the treatment of hypertension.
4. Complex preparations have been developed. The risk of side effects is so low that the drug can be considered completely safe.

Hypertension in the elderly

• The drugs of first choice for high blood pressure in the elderly are diuretics: hypothiazide or indapamide (for). The low cost and high efficiency of drugs in this group allows them to be used for single-component therapy for mild hypertension. They are also preferred for volume-dependent hypertension in menopausal women.
• The second row is dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, nifedipine), which are indicated for atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus against the background of weight problems.
• The third place is for lisinopril and sartans.

Combined drugs: Prestans (+), Tarka (+ Trandolapril).

Combination therapy

Combination therapy of hypertension involves the simultaneous administration of drugs different types, the most popular and effective of which are:

1. Diuretics and sartans. Combinations the following drugs: gizaar (losartan hypothiazide), atacand plus (candesartan hypothiazide), micardis plus (telmisartan hypothiazide), coaprovel (iprosartan hypothiazide).
2. Diuretics and ACE inhibitors. Combinations of drugs from these groups - ramipril-hypothiazide (amprilan, hartil), lisinopril-hypothiazid (iruzid), enalapril-indapamide (enzix), enalapril-hypothiazide (enap NL, berlipril plus), captopril-hypothiazide (capopril- noliprel).
3. Diuretics and beta-blockers. The combination of bisoprolol with hypothiazide (bisangil) is used to minimize the risk of complications from the cardiovascular system.
4. Ca-channel blockers together with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. This combination can also be used for the treatment of resistant forms of hypertension, since the use of these drugs does not reduce the body's sensitivity to medications. Includes the following combinations: amlodipine with perindopril, trandolapril with verapamil.
5. Calcium channel blockers with sartans. Combinations of the following drugs: telmisartan with amlodipine, losartan with amlodipine.
6. Diuretics with calcium channel blockers. The most popular combination is chlorthalidone and atenolol.

Treatment of resistant hypertension

Resistant arterial hypertension is a form of the disease in which it does not respond to treatment with monotherapy, and even therapy with a combination of drugs from two different groups does not give results.

To normalize pressure readings, the following combinations of pharmaceuticals with different properties are used:

1. Beta blockers, dihydroperidine calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors;
2. Beta-receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers and sartan;
3. Diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Ca channel blockers.
4. The third scheme, combining the use of diuretics and Ca-channel blockers together with ACE inhibitors considered the most the best method treatment of resistant hypertension. For these purposes, a combination of spironolactone and thiazide diuretics is also used.

Due to the existence of a huge list of drugs and treatment regimens arterial hypertension medicines that are used for different forms diseases and are prescribed individually, self-medication can be not only ineffective, but also dangerous to health. Timely access to a doctor minimizes the risk of stroke, heart attack (causes and symptoms of myocardial infarction) and other complications of the disease.

When is a doctor indispensable?

In the treatment of arterial hypertension, other drugs are traditionally used, which, in general, do not have pronounced features inherent in any particular group of antihypertensives. For example, the same dibazol or, say, magnesium sulfate (magnesia), which is successfully used by emergency doctors to relieve hypertensive crisis. Magnesia sulfate injected into a vein has an antispasmodic, sedative, anticonvulsant and slightly hypnotic effect... Very good drug, however, it is not easy to introduce it: it must be done very slowly, so the work takes about 10 minutes (the patient becomes unbearably hot - the doctor stops and waits).

For the treatment of hypertension, in particular, in severe hypertensive crises, pentamin-N is sometimes prescribed (anticholinergic blocker of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, which reduces the tone of arterial and venous vessels), benzohexonium, similar to pentamine, arfonade (ganglion blocker), aminazine (phenothiazine derivatives). These drugs are designed to provide emergency or carrying out intensive therapy, therefore, can only be used by a doctor who is well aware of their characteristics!

Each increase in blood pressure negatively affects the state of the cardiovascular system, brain and kidneys. Threatens with a heart attack, stroke, pulmonary edema and other complications, therefore, every hypertensive patient's first aid kit should contain tablets from high pressure.

A hypertensive attack always happens suddenly. The fault is neurosis, nervous tension, shock situation and severe stress... It proceeds against the background of dizziness, increased heart rate and pulse, increased anxiety and panic.

The list of drugs that help to quickly bring down arterial parameters is extensive. Despite their high efficiency, they have many contraindications and side effects, which must be taken into account, since the assistance provided can be harmful.

Consider the classification of medications and the principle of their action, as well as find out the best effective drugs that help urgently lower blood pressure?

Classification: names of drug groups and a brief description

Drug therapy of arterial hypertension is a complex of measures, consisting of many directions, focused on reducing blood pressure, preventing complications of the disease.

How to reduce pressure quickly with pills? There are many medicines available to meet this requirement. However, it should be borne in mind that they can aggravate clinical picture if the dosage is not calculated correctly.

Therefore, during an attack, it is necessary to take those medications that were previously prescribed by the attending doctor. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage - it is fraught with a hypotonic attack.

• Beta-blockers slow down the heart rate, are prescribed for the treatment of hypertension against the background of angina pectoris, tachycardia, ischemia. They are included in complex therapy along with other specialized medicines. Names: Corvitol, Anaprilin.
• Calcium antagonists promote vascular relaxation, as a result of which blood pressure is normalized. It is permissible to use it for many concomitant ailments. More often appoint Nitopin, Adalat.
• Myotropic antispasmodics affect smooth muscles, stimulate their expansion, which leads to a decrease in parameters (Dibazol).
• Nitrates dilate small blood vessels, have a quick effect and a high therapeutic effect. They can instantly lower DM and DD, so the dosage is chosen carefully.
• Alpha-blockers are rarely included in the treatment regimen. Studies have shown that pills increase the likelihood of heart attack and stroke with prolonged use.
• ACE inhibitors are often prescribed when, in addition to the diagnosis of hypertension, the patient has ischemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus of any type. Representatives: Losartan, Veroshpiron.
• Diuretic tablets remove excess fluid from the body, improve the functionality of the kidneys, and reduce the volume of circulating blood in the human body - Furosemide.

The therapy algorithm is selected by the doctor individually after a complete diagnosis, taking into account all the nuances of the clinical picture.

High blood pressure medications

Nifedipine belongs to the group of calcium antagonists, promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, dilates arteries, increases blood circulation, and reduces heart rate.

The main active ingredient, nifedipine, does not accumulate in the body, therefore it is recommended as an emergency aid in case of a sharp jump in arterial parameters.

Available in several forms - pills - they can be swallowed, the best effect is achieved when absorbed under the tongue or chewed. Ampoules for intravenous administration- used in the intensive care unit.

Adverse reactions from the use:

1. Sleep disturbance, nausea.
2. Pain in the stomach.
3. Tremor of the limbs.
4. Diarrhea or constipation.
5. Dyspnea.

Cannot be taken with tachycardia and bradycardia, unstable angina pectoris, severe heart failure. The price in pharmacies is about 50-80 rubles.

Indicators 170 / 110-120 require immediate reduction. You need to take fast-acting pressure medications, the list is as follows:

• Captopril is taken in a dosage of 25-50 mg, placed under the tongue. After 10 minutes after application, a gradual decrease in blood pressure is observed. The duration of exposure is 6 hours. Not recommended for kidney pathologies, while carrying a child.
• Nitroglycerin is necessary in situations where a hypertensive attack is accompanied by severe heart pain. Take one tablet. It should be borne in mind that the drug gives a short-term effect, sometimes excessively reduces DM and DD.
• Clonidine at a dosage of 0.075 mg. The numbers on the tonometer decrease within half an hour.

The tablets can be taken in old age, it is imperative to monitor the decrease in indicators every 15 minutes. In the first hour, the ideal drop is 20-25% of the initial level.

If the jump in blood pressure is due to excess fluid in the body, then a diuretic is taken.

Enap tablets, Adelfan, Diroton

The use of drugs for rapid decline blood pressure is administered with caution. It is important to calculate the dosage and rate of decline in indicators in order to prevent complications from the heart, kidneys, blood vessels.

Enap (as pictured) reduces left ventricular hypertrophy, slows down the progression of heart failure, and improves blood circulation in the body. Should not be taken during pregnancy. breastfeeding, porphyria.

If the pressure level is 190 / 120-130, then it is advisable to prescribe a medication. Initially, a dosage of 5 mg per day is advised. The first few hours the patient is under the supervision of a doctor to monitor the dynamics of the decrease in blood pressure.

Adverse reactions - arrhythmia, orthostatic hypertension, pain in the sternum, a sharp decrease in arterial parameters, drowsiness, dizziness and headaches. The price of tablets varies from 100 to 250 rubles.

Effective tablets for the treatment of GB:

1. Adelfan is a combined drug with a hypotensive effect, regulates vascular tone, expands and relieves tension. Normalizes metabolic processes and blood flow. Usually, up to three tablets are prescribed per day.
2. Diroton improves the state of the cardiovascular system, thereby normalizing blood pressure. It is taken in the morning, the standard dose is 40 mg. It is characterized by a cumulative effect, a stable result is revealed after 2-3 weeks of a therapeutic course.

Adelfan tablets can be purchased at a pharmacy, the approximate price is 1200 rubles; the cost of the drug Diroton is 100-150 rubles.

Amlodipine, Lozap, Concor

Recommended for fast-acting tablets, characterized by a short-term effect. Medicines help to lower blood pressure, improve the patient's well-being and prevent irreversible consequences.

After an attack, the patient is prescribed a number of drugs to improve the condition of the blood vessels and maintain the achieved indicators within acceptable limits.

Amlodipine is an antihypertensive drug that works by relaxing smooth muscles and has antianginal properties. Usually assigned in the second and third stages.

Application features:

• To combat hypertension and prevent angina attacks, 5 mg per day are prescribed. If the effect is insufficient, the dose is increased to 10 mg.
• If there is renal impairment, the standard starting dose is 2.5 mg. With good tolerance, it is increased to 5 mg.

Correctly selected pills for high blood pressure can cope with arterial hypertension. At the initial stage of the disease, one drug is usually sufficient. In more advanced cases, a combination therapy is selected. To achieve good results, it is very important to be treated under the supervision of a physician.

General principles of treatment

In order for pressure pills to help and not provoke side effects, it is very important to adhere to certain recommendations:

1. It is recommended to start therapy with half the dose. To do this, you need to drink the drug and check the pressure after 30 minutes. If there is no effect, the volume should be increased.
2. It is strictly forbidden to exceed the dosage recommended by the doctor. If high blood pressure pills do not help, you need to choose another drug. They also begin to take it in half.
3. If the agent provoked the appearance of unwanted adverse reactions, you should stop using it and consult a doctor who will prescribe another medicine.
4. It is much more convenient to treat arterial hypertension with one drug. If you need to use several drugs at once, your doctor may choose a combination medicine. It contains several active ingredients at the same time.
5. It is best to choose a medicine that must be taken once a day. Many substances have a prolonged effect.
6. Medicines for arterial hypertension should be taken every day. This must be done even with normal performance pressure. It is strictly forbidden to stop treatment on your own.

It can be considered an individual pathology. The same drugs may work for some patients, but not work for others. Therefore, it is so important to select a remedy taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body.

Fast Acting Drug List

Drugs from pressure differ in their principle of action, since hypertension develops as a result of various factors. Most effectively, this condition is compensated by using several means at once.

Manifestations of increased
pressure quickly disappear after using at least two drugs. The complex of drugs is selected by the doctor depending on the data of diagnostic studies and the person's anamnesis. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to reduce pressure gradually, which will help to avoid negative effects on the body.

• Captopril. This medication can be used when different forms hypertension- primary and symptomatic. He successfully copes with pressure and does not have a negative effect on the heart. The drug is completely safe in the presence of heart failure. It can also be used to lower blood pressure in patients who have had a heart attack in the past.
• Kapoten. The medicine has a wide range action and has a quick effect in the case of a combination of hypertension and other heart pathology. The tool reduces pressure in a matter of minutes with the psychosomatic nature of the increase.
• Zokardis 30. This remedy also belongs to the list of remedies for pressure. It is able to dilate blood vessels, which allows you to eliminate high pressure readings without harming the heart.
• Enalapril. The principle of action of the medication is based on a mild diuretic effect and the elimination of excess fluid. The medicine allows you to keep the required amount of minerals.

• Enap. Has about the same effect as enalapril. However, this drug has better absorption and provides quick results.
• Enam. Another analogue of enalapril. However, this tool is more modern. It is produced in a convenient form. It is recommended to dissolve the drug under the tongue.
• Berlipril 10. This medicine has a different principle of action. It blocks the enzymes in the kidneys that regulate blood pressure. ACE inhibitors are indicated for people who have heart or lung failure.
• Ko-Renitek. This combined remedy which includes enalapril and a diuretic component. The substance is fast acting and helps to relieve pressure. Also, the drug works for a long time, which makes it very popular.

• Renipril. The medicine is a representative of ACE inhibitors. The action of the substance is aimed at breaking down angiotensin and blocking bradykinin. It is a very important biologically active element that dilates blood vessels.
• ... Another ACE inhibitor. The tool has an optimal cost and speed of achieving the effect.
• Diroton. The medicine is imported analog lisinopril. However, this agent has a higher absorption rate. Therefore, the effect after its application is achieved faster. This medication is often prescribed for elderly patients.
• Prestarium A. The remedy helps to cope with hypertension that appears on the background chronic pathologies hearts. This substance can be prescribed to people who have a history of stroke or acute circulatory disorders in the brain of an ischemic nature.

• Ko-perineva. The substance is a combined agent for combating arterial hypertension. Its action resembles a gentle diuretic. In addition, the medicine helps to expand and strengthen blood vessels.
• Hartil. The medicine has a positive effect not only on the heart and blood vessels, but also on the lungs. The drug relaxes blood vessels, which helps to reduce their resistance. This is important for the restoration of gas exchange in the capillaries of the lungs. The substance allows you to saturate the blood with oxygen and normalize the balance in the body.
• Parnavel. The medicine not only reduces pressure, but also helps to restore the elasticity of worn out vessels. Thanks to the normalization of blood circulation, it is possible to achieve restoration of the myocardium. This allows you to cope with the symptoms of hypertrophy.
• Amprilan. The drug successfully restores worn out vessels. In addition, the drug helps prevent kidney disease and ischemic damage to the heart and brain.

All these drugs for lowering pressure should be selected by the doctor depending on the characteristics of each patient. Taking medications usually does not need inpatient supervision. This can be done at home as well.

Main categories of antihypertensive drugs

Blood pressure pills are divided into a number of categories. Each of them has a specific principle of action and helps to cope with hypertension of various origins.

This is a fairly broad category of medicines. However, new generation drugs for pressure continue to appear, the formula of which is constantly being improved. The demand for such funds is due to the many positive properties that distinguish drugs from pressure.

These drugs are divided into 5 categories, depending on the selectivity. When choosing a specific medication, the doctor must take this feature into account. It is on this that the threat of the appearance of adverse reactions and contraindications to the use of funds depends.

Antihypertensive effects
beta-blockers are due to the cessation of the production of a special substance - renin, which has powerful vasoconstrictor characteristics. Additional properties include the ability of the drug to slow down the heart and pulse rate. This is achieved by blocking specific receptors.

In pharmacies, you can find such pills for lowering blood pressure, which fall into this category:

The list of new generation pressure drugs can be continued for a long time, because they are produced not only under international names, but also under proprietary brands.

It is important to bear in mind that such drugs have a number of side effects. These include bradycardia, depression, headaches, memory impairment. Also, drugs from this group can inhibit the contractile capabilities of the myocardium, provoke dyspeptic symptoms, reduce libido and lead to impotence.

Contraindications to the use of such funds include a decrease in the frequency of heart contractions, pathologies of the lungs that have an obstructive component, weakness of the sinus node.

Such tablets for normalizing blood pressure can be different types... The principle of action of drugs from this category is based on the effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme. As a result of these processes, it is possible to eliminate vasospasm, to reduce the retention of fluid and sodium salts in the body. Drugs from this category have a positive effect on the condition of the inner surface of blood vessels.

The most effective drugs from this group include the following:

• Captopril. The medicine works for 2 hours. Therefore, it cannot be used for long-term therapy. In addition, the substance has specific taste and leads to irritation of the mucous membrane. oral cavity... The daily dosage of the drug is 25-100 mg. Today, this substance is rarely prescribed. The key indication for its use is the need for rapid pressure normalization.
• Perindopril. The medicine is prescribed in a dosage of 4-8 mg. The tool has a prolonged effect. The residual effect lasts for 27-60 hours. Therefore, the medicine is taken 1 time per day.
• Enalapril. This substance is one of the most popular drugs for the treatment of hypertension. The drug has a long lasting effect. Its effect lasts for 11 hours. The remedy is recommended to be taken twice a day.

• Ramipril. The tablets are used to lower blood pressure for a long period - 8-14 hours. Therefore, they need to be taken once a day. Doctors prescribe 2.5-10 mg per day to people.
• Lisinopril. The medicine works for 12 hours. The drug is prescribed at 2.5-10 mg per day. The substance is recommended to be taken twice a day.
• Monopril. The medicine can be used by people who suffer from kidney pathologies. This drug produces a beneficial effect on the body and stabilizes blood pressure. The presence of renal pathologies is not a basis for adjusting the dosage of the drug.

Such pills for hypertension are usually tolerated normally. However, sometimes they provoke unwanted side effects. These include a severe drop in pressure, the appearance of a cough, protein components in the urine, kidney failure, an increase in potassium in the body. In more rare cases, there is stagnation of bile, the number of leukocytes decreases, and symptoms of dyspepsia appear.

The substance is prohibited for use during pregnancy, stenosis of the arteries, which are responsible for the blood supply to the kidneys, lactation. Also contraindications include significant changes in the composition of the blood.

Such drugs for increased
pressure leads to arterial vasodilation, which is an expansion of the lumen of the arteries. This is due to the inactivation of the current of calcium ions through special channels of the vessel wall. Some drugs in the antagonist category can negatively affect the heart rhythm.

Additional effects of drugs from this category include antianginal action. It consists in reducing the threat of angina pectoris. Also, drugs from this group have an anti-sclerotic effect.

The most effective antagonist drugs include the following:

1. Nifedipine. This agent is called a dihydroperidone antagonist. The tablets affect the blood vessels, heart muscle and the conducting system. The daily dosage of the substance is 30-80 mg. The volume prescribed by the doctor is divided into 3-4 applications.
2. Felodipine. This new generation substance has a prolonged effect. The tool can act up to 14 hours. The tablets have positive impact on the walls of blood vessels, which cannot be said about other drugs from this category.
3. Amlodipine. The medicine is one of the best known calcium antagonists. The drug has a positive effect on cardiovascular system... The substance has no effect on the conductive system. Half-life takes a long time - up to 45 hours. Therefore, the drug remains effective for a long time and retains a residual concentration for a long time. This feature must be taken into account when prescribing a substance. Usually doctors recommend taking 5-10 mg once a day.

Nifedipine

Such substances belong to different subgroups. Depending on this, the side effects are divided. Dihydroperidine calcium antagonists lead to the activation of sympathetic nervous system... Non-dihydroperidine substances, such as and, affect the conduction of the heart and can slow down its contractions.

Since drugs in this category can accumulate in the body, there is a risk of dose-related adverse reactions. These include headaches, flushing of the skin of the face, swelling of the ankles. These symptoms indicate a strong expansion of the vascular bed. In such a situation, a dosage adjustment is required. It should also be borne in mind that verapamil can cause stool disorders, which manifest as constipation.

Calcium antagonists can not always be used. Key contraindications include violations of the heart rhythm and organ conduction. You can not use nondihydroperidine drugs with weakness of the sinus node, blockages, atrial fibrillation... Dihydroperidine substances are prohibited for use with a decrease in pressure, acute infarction and aortic stenosis.

Diuretic drugs

Such drugs for lowering pressure differ significantly in the duration of the effect, the presence of side reactions, indications and the severity of the diuretic action. One of the most effective categories of diuretics is loop drugs. They have a pronounced diuretic effect. However, the scope of application of such drugs for arterial hypertension is small.

Such drugs are characterized by a short-term effect, a high threat of the appearance of ionic disturbances in the case of prolonged use, and a pronounced effect. All these features lead to the fact that the funds are more often used for therapy. stagnation... With an isolated increase in pressure, such substances are not used. The category of loop diuretics includes and.

Much more often for hypertension, thiazide and thiazide-like substances are used. Often produced in combination with ACE inhibitors or sartans. Moreover, the amount of the diuretic component is small, and therefore the diuretic effect is rather weak.

Effective thiazide-like drugs include. The daily dosage of the substance is 12.5-25 mg. It can also be used in a volume of 2.5 mg once a day and chlorthalidone.

Potassium-sparing diuretics have a similar effect. In case of hypertension, they are combined with other substances. Such drugs are practically not used on their own.

To common potassium-sparing
means of a new generation include. This substance is prescribed at 25-100 mg per day. It must be applied once per morning time days. Also included in this category is triamterene. It is used in the same amount.

Such drugs for lowering blood pressure are rarely prescribed due to the large number of side effects.

These include the following:

• Impact on metabolic processes in the body. Certain substances can provoke an increase in sugar in the body. There are also drugs that negatively affect the uric acid content. This increases the likelihood of gout occurring.
• Imbalance of ions in the body.
• Weakness, headaches and dizziness.
• Strong pressure drop.
• Impotence, weakening of libido.
• Disturbances in the structure of peripheral blood.
• Development of photosensitivity.

Diuretic drugs should not be used for gout, high sensitivity to sulfonamides. Some products cannot be used during pregnancy. Since diuretics are diverse, the specific substance for the treatment of hypertension must be selected by a specialist.

Sartans

This category of drugs is often called angiotensin 2 receptor blockers. These drugs are antihypertensive drugs. last generation... They began to be used for the treatment of hypertension relatively recently. The principle of action of drugs is based on blocking angiotensin 2 receptors.

The most effective remedies from this group include the following:

1. Valsartan. The substance acts for 6-7 hours. The daily dosage is 80-160 mg.
2. Losartan. The medicine works for 6-7 hours. The drug is prescribed at 50-100 mg per day.
3. Irbesartan. The drug has a longer lasting effect, which lasts for 15 hours. The daily dosage of the agent can be from 150 to 300 mg.

This category of medicines has a number of side effects. Such drugs can provoke the appearance of a cough, an increase in the potassium content in the body, and skin rashes. In difficult situations, substances even cause angioedema.

The key limitations to the use of sartans include individual intolerance to these funds. Also, they cannot be used for narrowing of the arteries of the kidneys, a decrease in the amount of fluid in the body, an increase in potassium content. Do not prescribe such substances during pregnancy and lactation. You can’t use them for children either.

Myotropic antispasmodics

These substances lead to blocking of intracellular penetration of calcium into cells. This category of drugs includes:

• No-shpa;

These substances are most often used in the development of moderate hypertension on initial stages ailment. In addition to reducing pressure, these substances lead to relaxation of the smooth muscles of the digestive organs.

Nitrates

1. Sustonite.

In fact, these funds are powerful venodilators. They help to reduce the tone of the veins and increase the lumen of blood vessels. Due to these features, it is possible to reduce blood flow to the heart and reduce its activity.

Nitrates significantly reduce pressure readings. This can lead to headaches, sudden weakness, and nausea. Such substances should be used with an increase in pressure against the background of an attack of angina pectoris. They also give good results in the development of myocardial infarction.

Other drugs

An effective new generation tool is. It belongs to a group of drugs that have central action... The principle of pressure reduction is due to a decrease in the secretion of excitatory elements in the brain.

As a result, there is a decrease in tone vagus nerve, peripheral vascular resistance decreases. The medicine leads to a decrease in the heart rate and pressure parameters. This agent is one of the few that reduces tissue insulin resistance. This is very important if you have diabetes.

If newer drugs do not work, other drugs may be prescribed. These include alpha-blockers. Most often they are of an auxiliary nature. Such drugs for high blood pressure include doxazosin, prazosin.

Alpha-blockers should not be used by pregnant and lactating women. They are not prescribed to children either. In addition, contraindications include the presence of arterial hypotension and the appearance of hypersensitivity reactions.

If arterial hypertension
due to stressful situations, sedatives and vasodilators will help. These include validol. High efficiency have products containing mint, motherwort and valerian. Such drugs can also be used prophylactically.

The choice of an antihypertensive agent, in addition to indications and restrictions for use, is influenced by many factors. Key parameters include the following:

• History of myocardial infarction;
• Diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders;
• Peripheral artery disease;

How to supplement drug therapy

Medicines for hypertension are the mainstay of therapy. However, in simple cases of the disease, potent drugs can be dispensed with. In such situations, after consulting a doctor, you can resort to traditional medicine:

1. A small dosage of diuretics can be replaced with infusions of herbs that have a diuretic effect. These include a string, juniper, birch leaves, bearberry. Plants are recommended to be brewed following the instructions on the package.
2. Freshly squeezed juices have a good effect on the body. They should be made from raspberries, viburnum, currants.
3. Instead of the usual black tea, you should use herbal drinks. They can be prepared on the basis of dried berries and.
4. A useful remedy is brine from home sauerkraut... It contains many useful elements that help normalize blood pressure.

Lifestyle adjustments are essential for blood pressure medications to be beneficial. Emotional stability and adequate rest are key factors in the fight against hypertension. How fewer people nervous, the lower the threat of hypertension. If the pathology does appear, it is very important to control your condition and keep medicines at hand.

The following factors are of great importance:

• With an increase in the upper pressure indicator up to 160 mm Hg. Art. the threat of stroke and heart attack increases. In such a situation, it is imperative to take medications prescribed by a doctor.
• Treatment of hypertension most often involves the use of several drugs that have different types therapeutic action. Combined substances can be used to achieve good results. This saves the patient from having to administer multiple medications.
• Before starting therapy, you need to measure the pressure yourself. The acceptable indicator is at the level of 140/90 mm Hg. Art. In people with diabetes, this parameter should not exceed 130/85.
• It is strictly forbidden to exceed the dosage prescribed by the doctor. The list of drugs and the volume are prescribed by a specialist. Increased quantity antihypertensive drugs leads to a decrease in pressure to critically low levels. Uncontrolled use of medications can cause loss of consciousness and other side effects.
• At high rates it is recommended to take substances that have a prolonged effect. They need to be consumed once a day - in the morning. Most modern remedies are characterized by prolonged action.
• The use of drugs for hypertension is especially important in old age, since this disorder develops naturally over the years. Due to the timely initiation of therapy, it is possible to avoid the development of senile dementia. It also helps protect against heart attack and stroke.
• Treatment of arterial hypertension should be carried out every day, strictly adhering to medical recommendations. If the substances used help and do not lead to a deterioration in well-being, you should not independently cancel the medication or take breaks in therapy.

Arterial hypertension - a disease that is extremely common in modern world... In most countries, the treatment of this ailment is included in a variety of national programs, since mortality due to hypertension is very high.

This is surprising to some people, since it would seem that it is very simple to fix the problem: take medications that lower blood pressure, or use folk remedies.

There is one more point: many people simply do not notice hypertension , getting used to those symptoms and sensations that appear with high blood pressure. There are those who do not notice pressure surges at all.

Nevertheless, arterial hypertension leads to very serious consequences. Indeed, with every sharp jump in blood pressure, an extremely negative effect on the vessels of the brain, kidneys, heart and other organs is noted.

With hypertension or symptomatic hypertension, there is a very high risk of developing ischemic heart disease, and other serious diseases.

That is why hypertensive patients need to ensure a decrease, as well as normalize the pulse. And for this you need not only to know how to reduce pressure on a situational basis, but also what medications need to be taken to treat hypertension.

If we look for the differences between hypertension and hypertension, then it should be noted that this is practically the same thing, only hypertension is a diagnosis, and hypertension is the fact of an increase in blood pressure.

Adequate treatment of hypertension provides for the prevention of attacks of an increase in blood pressure, early diagnosis disease, as well as the prevention of the development of the disease. For those for whom the question of what to take and how to reduce high heart pressure is relevant, it is important to choose the right medications that allow you to maintain target blood pressure for a long time, you need to consult a doctor and undergo diagnostics. Indeed, before choosing medicines for the heart and blood vessels, the doctor must adequately assess the presence of risks of developing complications of the disease and minimize them.

Below we will talk about how to choose medicines for this disease, what are the most popular drugs for high blood pressure, the names of pills for cardiac arrhythmias, etc. he does after careful examination of the patient.

To assess the risks in patients who suffer from arterial hypertension, you need to pay attention to a number of indicators.

First of all, we are talking about indicators. It is considered pathological pressure that exceeds 140 by 90 mm Hg. Earlier, answering the question: "High blood pressure - how much?" doctors determined different norms for people of different ages. Currently, experts are unanimous: if the indicator exceeds the indicated figures, then treatment is required. That is, the answer to the question: "If the pressure is 140 to 100, should it be reduced?" unequivocal: yes. However, it is not always necessary to immediately take medications. In some cases, with a persistent increase in blood pressure, but the absence ischemic disease, lesions of a number of organs, the change in lifestyle, diet, weight loss, selection of suitable physical activity and others. Massage, meditation, psychotherapy also help. Provided that a person does not have the diseases listed above, the upper threshold to which such methods can be used without medication is a pressure of 160 to 90 mm Hg.

Second important point in the course of risk assessment, these are target pressure figures, that is, those indicators that a person seeks to achieve by reducing pressure.

Previously, it was assumed that older people could have slightly overestimated blood pressure targets compared to the norm. However, at present, in a person of any age, the target figures are considered to be less than 140-135 by 90-85 mm Hg.

However, in older people, as well as in patients with pronounced atherosclerotic changes in the vessels, the decrease in pressure should occur very smoothly and gradually. Therefore, they are prescribed drugs that normalize blood pressure from certain groups.

In people under 60 years of age, in those with diabetes or kidney ailments, it is advisable to keep blood pressure values ​​120-130 by 85 mm Hg.

There are the following qualifications of risk factors for hypertension:

• risks of heart damage and the development of myocardial infarction;
• the age of the person (over 55 years old for men, over 65 years old for women);
• pressure level;
• diabetes;
• smoking;
• indicators of overall above 6.5 mmol per liter;
• early development of ischemic heart disease in close relatives.

Also, other circumstances are determined that can worsen the prognosis:

• lowered HDL cholesterol, increased LDL cholesterol;
• impaired glucose tolerance;
• microalbuminuria;
• sedentary life;
• socio-economic factor (Europeans from big cities).

Factors that can increase the risk of death in people with hypertension:

• carried over or cerebral ischemia;
• heart failure, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction;
• renal failure, diabetic nephropathy;
• the presence of signs of peripheral vascular lesions;
• changes in the retina - exudates, hemorrhages, optic papilla.

However, the highest risk of death is observed in patients who have four manifestations at once:

• arterial hypertension;
• high cholesterol;
• obesity;
• high blood sugar levels.

Nevertheless, many people cannot assess the risks of hypertension correctly and adequately, believing that high blood pressure is not scary, and you can even bring it down without pills.

However, there is another category of patients - people who are constantly interested in what to take in order to lower the indicators, and even if the pressure is 135 to 85, they drink strong antihypertensive drugs. As a rule, people who overestimate the risks have had relatives suffering from hypertension. At the same time, they also do not rush to a specialist in order to find out why the pressure is high and get advice on what to drink and according to what scheme. However, for every person who needs treatment for high blood pressure, first of all, you need to consult a doctor and go through all the necessary tests that are prescribed for those who need high blood pressure treatment. Only after receiving all the results, the doctor can prescribe an effective scheme for the treatment of arterial hypertension. It is especially important to properly treat hypertension in the elderly, who need constant monitoring and regular doctor's consultations in order to adjust the therapy regimen if necessary. remember, that self-treatment high blood pressure medications can be dangerous and your health condition will only get worse.

It is advisable to take medications for high blood pressure if the blood pressure values ​​are from 160 to 90 and higher. For people who have been diagnosed with renal, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, medications for high blood pressure are prescribed even when blood pressure is 130 to 85 mm Hg.

Since the modern list of drugs for pressure of the new generation is quite wide, the choice must be made taking into account the patient's condition. Sometimes, to lower blood pressure, one drug is enough for hypertension - if a person's hypertension is mild, heart pressure is increased. In this case, such drugs are selected to lower blood pressure, which, in order to normalize the indicators, it is enough to take once every 24 hours or at 12 hours.

But most often, combined treatment is used to lower blood pressure, prescribing two drugs at once that lower blood pressure. Combined drugs make it possible to reduce the dose of medication and reduce the severity of side effects. At the same time, pressure-lowering drugs have the most pronounced effect on all mechanisms that determine an increase in blood pressure.

Nevertheless, those who want to find vasodilator drugs for hypertension without side effects should take into account that there are no such drugs without side effects. Even the latest generation drugs have certain negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to very carefully select drugs for the elderly with arterial hypertension.

High blood pressure injections may also be prescribed if necessary. However, injections are usually prescribed as part of general scheme treatment, which requires preliminary research and the establishment of an accurate diagnosis.

Thiazide diuretics and sulfonamides

When receiving thiazide diuretics and sulfonamides , which are part of saluretics, an improvement in urine production is noted. As a result, the edema of the vascular wall decreases in the body, the lumen of the vessels becomes larger, and, as a result, such a drug lowers the pressure.

Thiazides

Hydrochlorothiazide , Cyclomethiazide .

These drugs include,

After taking the drugs Hypothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Cyclomethiazide begin to act in 1.5-2.5 hours, the period of their action is up to 12 hours.

Dose: with monotherapy, 25-50 mg of drugs are prescribed. If combination therapy is practiced, you need to take 12.5-25 mg. The most effective pressure stabilization is noted if the medication is taken in the morning.

Contraindications: should not be taken with and, anuria, electrolyte disturbances, Addison's disease, renal or hepatic failure in severe form. Such medicines are not prescribed to people with diabetes mellitus, high sensitivity to the medicine, as well as to children under 3 years of age.

Side effects: feeling tired and confused, seizures and pain muscle disturbance electrolyte balance, dry mouth, thirst, arrhythmia, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, weakness, various allergic manifestations, aplastic and hemolytic anemia, necrotizing vasculitis, purpura, pneumonitis, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, , in the acute stage, anorexia, orthostatic hypotension, deterioration of potency, photosensitization, visual impairment, deterioration of renal function, paresthesia, interstitial nephritis.

The cost of drugs in this group is from 50 rubles.

Sulfonamides

The cost of sulfonamide drugs is from 40 rubles.

Beta-blockers

Beta blockers for hypertension and heart disease are used for monotherapy or combination therapy, which are effective in lowering cardiovascular risks.

It is used for the treatment of resistant forms of hypertension, they are prescribed for chronic heart failure, as well as for people who have had myocardial infarction, those who have constant atrial fibrillation.

When taking medications, the inhibition of the secretion of renin and angiotensin 2 (which constrict the blood vessels), as well as the blockade of the beta receptors of the vessels, are noted.

All beta blockers are classified into:

• Non-selective which include Oxprenolol , (Anaprilin ), Nadolol ( , Korgard 80 ) Sotalol (HoneycombHexal ).
• Selective , which include, Betaxolol , , Celiprolol .

With prolonged treatment, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol, Nebivalol, Carvedilol, Betaxalol are prescribed. These drugs lower the risk of death from hypertension.

The medicine Betaxolol (lokren) is used if it is necessary to reduce severe pressure in women during the period.

The price of drugs is from 100 rubles.

This substance is included in the composition of funds Cariol , Bagodilol , Carvedil , Atram , Carwenal , Vedicardol , Talliton , Kardivas , Recardium .

Drugs with this active ingredient block alpha1 and beta receptors. You need to take once a day, 25-50 mg.

Contraindications : heart block, decompensated heart failure, decreased heart rate, liver damage, broncho-obstructive diseases, age up to 18 years. Should be taken with caution during pregnancy, renal failure, diabetes, depression.

Side effects: low blood pressure, impaired consciousness, dizziness, headache, vomiting, dry mouth, bradycardia, allergies, weight gain, pain in the arms and legs.

The cost of drugs containing Carvedilol is from 200 rubles.

The substance is part of the funds, Bidop Cor , Coronal , .

Dose: With Remedies should be taken once a day in the morning for 5-10 mg. If the patient's pressure does not rise too much, not higher than 150 per 100, a dose of 2.5 mg is possible. Cancellation of the drugs Biol, Concor, Biprol, Niperten, Coronal, Aritel should be carried out gradually.

Contraindications and side effects are the same as for preparations containing carvedilol.

Prices - from 100 rubles.

Atenolol

Applied for hypertension, tachycardia, angina pectoris.

Tablets price Atenalol - from 20 rubles.

is an active component of drugs, Betaloc , .

Medicines are used for moderate and severe arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart rate disorders, etc.

Cost - from 30 rubles.

It is prescribed for the treatment of patients suffering from the essential form of arterial hypertension. Also, drugs are used in the treatment of heart failure in chronic form in the elderly.

Cost - from 300 rubles.

Betaxolol

It is taken for hypertension, exertional angina, akathisia, provoked by neuroleptics.

Lokren's cost - from 800 rubles.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

ACE blockers block, which promotes the conversion of angiotensin, which constricts blood vessels, into renin. They reduce blood flow to the heart, prevent the process of thickening of the heart muscle, in people with hypertrophy of the heart muscle, they contribute to its recovery.

The list of ACE inhibitor drugs is quite wide. But the list of ACE inhibitor drugs that can be used by a patient, and what to drink in a particular case, should be prescribed only by a specialist.

ACE inhibitors with sulfhydryl group

This group of drugs includes drugs containing captoprilcaptopril ( Alcadil , , Epsitron ,), benazepril (tablets Lotenzin ), zofenopril (medicine).

Captopril is the drug of choice to provide rapid relief of hypertensive crises. In this case, the administration of 10 mg of the drug is indicated. This medicine should not be used to treat hypertension in older people who have been diagnosed with cerebral vessels. It should be noted that taking the drugs Captopril, Alcadil, Epsitron, Kapoten, Lotenzin, etc. can lead to hypotension and loss of consciousness.

Contraindications : pregnancy and feeding, age up to 18 years, obstructed outflow of blood from the LV, after kidney transplantation, with a history of ACE inhibitors.

Care should be taken to take the remedy for cerebral ischemia, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, autoimmune diseases, in old age.

Dose: you need to start with the lowest dose of 12.5 mg, twice daily before meals.

Side effects: manifestations of drowsiness, peripheral edema, decreased blood pressure, kidney disease, tachycardia, dry mouth, dizziness, bronchospasm, cough, hypoglycemia in people with diabetes, etc.

The cost of the drug Captopril - from 20 rubles, Zokardis - from 200 rubles.

Carboxyl group ACE inhibitors

Active ingredient enalapril is a part of tablets, Edith , Enam , Renipril , Renitek ... These pressure-stabilizing drugs are prescribed for hypertension, chronic heart failure, and for the prevention of heart failure and coronary ischemia in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. The doctors' comments indicate that Enalapril has a positive effect on the patient's life expectancy. Berlipril cost - from 80 rubles, Enalapril - from 40 rubles, Enap - from 85 rubles.

Active ingredient lisinopril contained in preparations Lizoril , Diroton (in some sources the facility is called Heraton, but Heraton is a wrong name), Lisinopril teva , Irumed , Sinopril , Lisonorm ... It is used for various forms of hypertension, as well as for heart failure. To those who are looking for good pills in type 2 diabetes, it should be noted that for older patients, these drugs are the drug of choice for type 2 diabetes. The initial dose is 10 mg, once a day. At the beginning of treatment, the minimum doses of the medication should be limited. Has a number of side effects, in particular, when taking large doses, the pressure drops sharply. The price of Lisinopril - from 20 rubles, Diroton - from 180 rubles, Irumed - from 200 rubles.

Active ingredient perindopril contained in medicines,. The cost of the Prestarium is from 400 rubles. Perineva - from 250 rubles.

Active substance ramipril contained in tablets Hortil ,. The cost of Tritace is from 1000 rubles.

Active substance spirapril contained in tablets Quadroril .

Active ingredient trandolapril is part of the tool Tarka Retard ... The cost of Tarka Retard is from 1100 rubles.

Also this group of drugs includes Cilazopril , Quinopril .

The composition of drugs with a phosphinyl group includes fosinopril , these are pills,. Fozinopril is the drug of choice for people who have kidney problems, while renal pathologies do not require adjusting the dose of the drug. The cost of Fozicard - from 200 rubles, Monopril - from 370 rubles.

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation, high sensitivity. It is used with caution in renal and hepatic insufficiency, diabetes, for the treatment of the elderly and adolescents, for autoimmune diseases, coronary artery disease, after kidney transplantation.

The maximum allowable dose per day is 40 mg.

When taken, there may be a decrease in pressure, , angina pectoris, headache, thromboembolism pulmonary artery , deterioration of vision, hearing, severe fatigue, cough, pharyngitis, arthralgia, impaired renal function, allergy symptoms, decreased libido, etc.

Sartans

These drugs, angiotensin II receptor blockers, were introduced to patients by medicine relatively recently. They allow you to effectively get rid of high blood pressure throughout the day. This type of drug must be taken once a day. The longest period of action of the drug Candesartan - it is valid for 48 hours. Such drugs cause dry cough less often, they do not reduce blood pressure sharply and do not provoke the development of withdrawal syndrome.

Sartan preparations, the classification of which is carried out according to the effect on the body and chemical composition are divided into 4 groups.

A persistent effect is noted after 4-6 weeks. after starting treatment. In patients with renal hypertension, vascular wall spasms are removed. In people with resistant hypertension, they are prescribed as part of a combination treatment and are the drugs of choice.

• Active ingredient losartan contained in the composition of medicines, Losartan Teva , Vasotenz , Lozarel , Kozar , Blocktran ... The cost of Lozap - from 300 rubles, Lorista - from 200 rubles, Prezartan - from 160 rubles.
• Active substance valsartan is a part of medicines,. Valz's price - from 260 rubles, Diovan - from 150 rubles. Valsacor - from 300 rubles.
• Active ingredient eprosartan contains medicine (from 1200 rubles).
• Active substance candesartan contain pills (from 1500 rubles).
• Active substance telmisartan contain drugs. The cost of Mikardis - from 600 rubles, Twinsta - from 650 rubles.

Lozap (Losartan) is the most common sartan in our country. These are the original pills, which, as a rule, start with a dose of 100 mg, which provides a persistent antihypertensive effect.

Should not be taken by children, pregnant or nursing mothers, or patients with hyperkalemia or dehydration.

Dose: used once a day, starting with a dose of 50 mg.

Side effects: dizziness, headaches, ringing in the ears, impaired consciousness, cough, memory disorders, palpitations, anemia, decreased libido, allergic manifestations, etc.

Calcium channel blockers

This type of pill for hypertension is divided into three types:

• phenylalkylamines (verapamil);
• dihydropyridines (nifedipine, amlodipine);
• benzodiazepines (diltiazem).

These medications increase exercise tolerance. As a rule, they are prescribed in combination with ACE inhibitors, which makes it possible to avoid the appointment of diuretics.

Prescribed to elderly people with severe cerebral, as well as if hypertension is combined with angina pectoris and disorders heart rate.

Active ingredients:

• amlodipine (Amlovas , Amlotop , Norvask , Cardilopin );
• diltiazem ( , Cardil , Diakordin , Diazem );
• nifedipine (Calcigard , Osmo-adalat , Nifeckard , Corinfar (not Corefan or Cornitex, as some sources call this drug),);
• verapamil (Verogalid , Isoptin ).

- a drug that reduces blood pressure; some take them as heart pills.

Contraindications : pregnancy and feeding, hypersensitivity. It should be taken with caution by people with liver failure, elderly patients and adolescents under 18 years of age, those who have had myocardial infarction.

Dose: 5 mg per day, the greatest daily dose- 10 mg.

Side effects: a sharp drop in pressure, as well as others side effects typical for pills for hypertension. Also, in rare cases, it is possible nose bleed, pigmentation, cold sweat, eye pain.

Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs

This type of medication includes and .

Clonidine is not currently included in the standard of care. But nevertheless, elderly people use this remedy as “ ambulance", Which lowers blood pressure, taking it under the tongue with increased pressure. Many people use it like emergency remedy if the pressure is 200 to 100 or higher. However, many doctors assure that it is not worth doing this, because such people are addicted to the drug. Until now, if you go to any thematic forum, you can find controversy about whether Clonidine tablets are good.

Moxonidine (Physiotens , Moxonidine ) Is a substance, an antagonist of imidazole receptors, is effective in metabolic syndrome, as well as in cases where mild forms of hypertension are noted.

The cost of Tenzotran - from 200 rubles, Moxonitex - from 200 rubles.

There are also combined forms:

• (reserpine and dihydralazine);
• (reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, dihydralazine);
• Kristepin , (clopamide, dihydroergotoxin, reserpine);
• Cinepres (dihydroergotoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, reserpine);
• (dihydralazine, reserpine, potassium chloride, hydrochlorothiazide).

As a conclusion, it can be noted that currently, rauwolfia preparations (Raunatin, Trirezid K, Brinerdin, etc.) are practically not prescribed. It is especially dangerous to prescribe such medications to the elderly.

How to stop a hypertensive crisis?

Currently, with hypertensive crises, intramuscular injections are rarely performed. magnesia as well as other medicines.

Sometimes even the pressure of 160 (for example, 160 to 90) cannot be brought down with the help of the usual drugs. And therefore, even if the persistent pressure is 160 to 100, what to do, you need to ask the doctors emergency care... But even at higher rates, when the upper pressure is 190, 200, 220, the schemes below also work.

Now there are several schemes that are used to relieve a hypertensive crisis:

• It is necessary to dissolve 10 mg or 5 mg of the drug under the tongue Nifedipine (Corinfar ) or 25-50 mg of the drug Kapoten .
• Can also be applied Physiotens (Moxonidine ) and Clonidine ( ). Physiotens should be taken in a dose of 0.4 mg, Clonidine (Clonidine) - 0.075-0.15 mg. However, the last medicine can only be used by those people who use it constantly, since Clonidine is absent in modern treatment standards.

If it is necessary to prescribe treatment for high blood pressure in older people, diuretics are included in the treatment regimen - and (for people with diabetes). Since both Hypothiazide and Indapamide are effective drugs, with a mild form of hypertension, they can be prescribed as a one-component treatment. If a person has 150 to 100, how to lower this blood pressure, the doctor determines depending on the causes of the disease, but these drugs can be effective in this case. They are also prescribed to women during menopause. Diuretics for hypertension and heart failure significantly improve the patient's condition.

Medicines - calcium channel blockers of the dihydropyridine series (Nifedipine, Amlodipine) - are prescribed for diabetes, atherosclerosis, people who have problems with excess weight.

Also, older people are often prescribed drugs based on lisinopril and sartan.

Combination drugs may also be prescribed, in particular Tarka (telmisartan and amlodipine), (Amzaar includes losartan and amlodipine.)

Treatment of resistant hypertension

Sometimes a person suffers from such a form of hypertension when, when using conventional drug regimens, pressure does not decrease, and even if the pressure is 150 to 100, the patient does not know what to do. In this case, three drugs from different groups are prescribed that regulate pressure:

• beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers;
• ACE inhibitors, diuretics, calcium channel blockers;
• sartans, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers.

The most effective in this case is the scheme that includes diuretics. Adding spironolactone (veroshpiron ) to a thiazide diuretic.

There are a number of remedies indicated for the normalization of pressure and containing in the base natural ingredients... However, such drugs can be effective only for mild hypertension, as well as for periodic insignificant increases in blood pressure.

• Powder It is positioned as a natural remedy containing motherwort, hawthorn, magnesium, and others. However, doctors' reviews of the drug Hypertofort indicate that it can be used, rather, as a sedative and general tonic.
• - a dietary supplement, which includes extracts of hawthorn and chokeberry fruit, Japanese Sophora buds, etc. AD Norm is indicated for violations of the heart, hypertension. However, the remedy is not a cure. However, it is often confused with the drug Adenorm, although Adenorm is a remedy that is prescribed for diseases of the prostate.
• Zhenjujiangyapian (Pearl chrysanthemum ) Is a Chinese drug for reducing pressure, containing, among other things, pearl powder, Japanese sophora. However, doctors do not officially confirm the effectiveness of the Zhenjujiangyapian supplement.
• - a metabolic agent that, among other things, lowers blood pressure. However, Glycine is prescribed mainly to improve sleep, calm down, and reduce vegetative-vascular disorders.
• - a combined agent that contains acetylsalicylic acid in the composition. Cardiomagnet is prescribed for ischemic heart disease, in order to prevent the formation of blood clots. With hypertension, it is taken as a prophylactic agent.
• Xerodent - a preparation containing sodium fluoride, it is used for the prevention of caries. However, Xerodent also slightly lowers blood pressure.
• A drug , active ingredient which is drotaverine, hypertensive patients are used mainly to relieve headaches. No-shpa has an antispasmodic effect, due to which there is a slight decrease in blood pressure.

List of pills for low blood pressure

To those who suffer from reduced pressure, hypertensive drugs are needed, that is, pills that increase blood pressure. What pills increase blood pressure, it is better to ask your doctor. However, hypertensive drugs should be taken only if pathological conditions develop. In other cases, it is inappropriate to drink drugs to increase pressure in pills, at least one should not rush with this. After all, there are folk remedies that cause an increase in pressure. Like folk remedies for high blood pressure of quick action, means for increasing blood pressure are, first of all, herbal infusions (ginseng, lemongrass, prickly tartar). It also increases the pressure of any coffee drink.

conclusions

So, at present, the treatment of hypertension is a responsible matter, therefore, only a specialist should prescribe pills for high pressure. Indeed, despite how wide the list of pressure pills is, best pills with high pressure, it is impossible to select using the Internet. It is impossible in any case to simply choose a drug by looking through the alphabetical list of names of pills for high blood pressure.

It is dangerous to use fast-acting high-pressure pills on your own, like fast-acting medicines like Clonidine, pressure spray. This is especially dangerous for the elderly, who often take such a pill under the tongue to lower blood pressure, believing that this is a kind of "ambulance" that provides an emergency lowering of blood pressure.

Answering the question, what are the most best drugs lowering blood pressure, it should be borne in mind that for each person, effective drugs that lower blood pressure may be different. The doctor prescribes drugs that normalize blood pressure, taking into account a number of factors - age, health status, stage of hypertension, contraindications, etc.

Therefore, those for whom the question of how to quickly reduce pressure with pills is relevant should try to find good doctor, which will make an adequate appointment of the scheme, what and how to drink to normalize blood pressure.

It is very important that those whose blood pressure readings rise during pregnancy only take medications prescribed by a specialist. But, since not all drugs can be taken for pregnant women, and there are no pressure pills without side effects as such, expectant mothers should try to reduce pressure without pills - means without side effects.

After all, even a pressure of 130 to 90 during pregnancy can negatively affect the condition of a woman and a baby. Initially, the doctor may suggest lowering blood pressure without pills, using harmless non-drug methods. It is about normalizing sleep, eliminating stress and serious physical stress. What other methods are used to lower blood pressure? Daily quiet walks as well correct diet nutrition. Products that increase blood pressure should be excluded. First of all, we are talking about salty food. At the same time, foods that lower blood pressure in hypertension are foods rich in potassium - dried fruits, cabbage, bananas, baked potatoes, and honey.

But if expectant mothers need pills to reduce blood pressure, treatment begins with the appointment of herbal remedies. This is Valerian, motherwort, and others. These sedative pills for hypertension help if the pressure is slightly increased. How to quickly lower blood pressure in pregnant women and what drugs lower if blood pressure values ​​are 170, 180 and above, you urgently need to ask specialists. Therefore, in this case, it is important to immediately call an ambulance. If high heart pressure is recorded, what to do will be decided by the emergency doctor. But ideally, women with high blood pressure during pregnancy should be monitored by a specialist, for which they should be contacted early.

To provide treatment for type 2 diabetes folk remedies older people need to know about which herbs are used to lower blood pressure, in particular, the list of diuretic herbs.

In general, when choosing drugs, you need to understand what is the difference between different groups of drugs, and also be sure to follow the doctor's recommendations.

Education: Graduated from Rivne State Basic Medical College with a degree in Pharmacy. Graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University named after V.I. MI Pirogov and an internship at its base.

Experience: From 2003 to 2013 - worked as a pharmacist and head of a pharmacy kiosk. She was awarded with diplomas and distinctions for many years of conscientious work. Articles on medical topics were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

(AD) is a problem for people over the age of 40. Every year the disease becomes more and more widespread.

The main causes of the pathological condition:

• low physical activity;
• improper nutrition;
• metabolic disorders (overweight);
• the presence of stressful situations;
• alcohol abuse;
• Availability chronic diseases vital organs.

The normative indicator for blood pressure is 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art. A deviation of the value from the norm by an amount of 15 units means high blood pressure. The disease is called hypertension. How to choose the right drugs for treatment? It is difficult to choose medicines for pressure on your own. The choice of the therapy regimen is based on the individual indicators of the patient's health status. The drug may not be suitable for different patients with the same symptoms. For appointment correct treatment see a doctor.

The main groups of drugs for the treatment of hypertension

To lower blood pressure, modern medicine uses various groups of drugs. They differ among themselves by:

• mechanism of action;
• price;
• the presence of contraindications, side effects.

Drug treatment of hypertension is necessary for persistent high blood pressure

Drugs that lower blood pressure are divided into groups:

• antihypertensive drugs of central action;
• drugs that block angiotensin receptors;
• angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors;
• renin inhibitors;
• drugs that accelerate the rate of urine production;
• drugs that block calcium channels;
• beta-blockers;
• alpha blockers;
• spasm relievers;
• sympatholytics;
• sedatives.

How to choose a medicine?

When choosing a therapy, it is necessary to take into account the factors affecting blood pressure:

1. Vascular tone. It depends on the condition of the small arteries. The more the spasm, the higher the blood pressure.
2. Circulating blood volume.
3. Palpitations.
4. The age of the patient.

Combined therapy allows a complex effect on the mechanisms of the development of the disease and mitigates the severity of side effects

The more of the listed factors, the higher the blood pressure level. Usually, drugs are prescribed for high blood pressure in the following cases:

• with an increase in the indicator to 155 by 90 mm Hg. Art .;
• with an increase of up to 135 by 85 mm Hg. Art. with renal, heart failure, diabetes mellitus.

To reduce the pressure, medications should be chosen those whose effect is calculated for a period of 12 hours or more. They are used once every 24 hours. Often the doctor prescribes complex therapy, including up to four drugs. The goal is to minimize side effects and reduce dosage.

Centrally acting pressure lowering drugs

Used in certain cases, they are not the main drugs for the treatment of hypertension. The main principle of action is to lower blood pressure by acting on special receptors in the brain. Causes drowsiness (contraindicated for drivers), dizziness. It is forbidden to take with heart block, during lactation.

• "Clonidine";
• "Egis";
• "Physiotent";
• Moxonidine;
• Moxonitex.

Clonidine - antihypertensive drug with a pronounced hypotensive and sedative effect

Beta blockers for high blood pressure

Prescribed as an independent agent or as part of complex therapy... Used for angina pectoris, heart attack. Block receptors that make the heart muscle contract faster. Prescribed for cardiac arrhythmias. They have a large number of contraindications and side effects. Monotherapy can last from 14 to 30 days, then the doctor writes complex treatment.

The main representatives of the group:

• "Tenoric";
• "Concor";
• Carvedilol;
• Sotalol;
• Betacoslol;
• Oxprenolol;
• "Atenolol".

Alpha blockers for high blood pressure: drugs

They act quickly and efficiently. Reduce blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors located in the vessels that react to adrenaline by constriction. Reduces cholesterol levels in the body. They are used under the supervision of a physician.

Doxazosin is used to treat hypertension

Main representatives:

• Doxazonin;
• "Prazonin";
• "Pirroxan";
• "Phentolamine".

Diuretics (diuretics)

The mechanism of action consists in removing excess fluid from the body, reducing the load on the cardiovascular system by eliminating edema, stimulating the activity of the renal system, removing excess sodium, which causes vasoconstriction.

The most common diuretics prescribed for hypertension are:

• "Furasemide";
• Torasemid ";
• "Veroshpiron";
• "Amiloride";
• Ethacrynic acid.

They are prescribed for complex forms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Diuretics can be used as an independent drug and as part of a complex treatment.

The main purpose of the drug is to remove fluid from the body, that is, to carry out a diuretic effect

Calcium channel blockers

Some of the most effective and safest medicines. They regulate the degree of concentration of calcium ions in the myocardium. Promote the expansion of coronary vessels. Used when it is necessary to quickly lower blood pressure. Block hypertensive crisis.

Representatives:

• "Nifedipine";
• Verapamil;
• Diltiazem.

They have minor side effects, are easily tolerated by the body, and can be used in adolescence.

ACE inhibitors

The mechanism of their action in hypertension is to block the production of an enzyme that constricts blood vessels.

They are divided into two groups:

• sulfhydral (Captopril, Zofenopril, Benazepril);
• carboxylic acid (Renitek, Lisinopril).

The first is the means emergency action, the speed of drug reaction occurs after 10 minutes. Effective in hypertensive crisis. The second is prescribed for the chronic form of the course of the disease. Used to treat hypertension in patients with heart failure.

Captopril is a drug used as a drug in a group of inhibitors aimed at lowering blood pressure

Renin inhibitors - a medicine for pressure, for high blood pressure

These are hypertensive drugs of a new generation. Recently developed. Have a similar effect with ACE inhibitors. The only representative who passed clinical research, - "Alixiren". Protects the heart, kidneys from negative effects, helps to reduce blood pressure, prevents the development of atherosclerosis.

Medication for high blood pressure - angiotensin receptor blockers

Such drugs are prescribed for chronic hypertension. Not used in emergencies. They have a minimum of side effects. Allowed to use for years. Mechanism of action - they block angiotensin receptors, which cause vasoconstriction.

Sympatholytics

Affect the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. In the case of vasoconstriction, they cause their expansion, with an increased heartbeat, they cause a decrease in the activity of the heart muscle. Usually "Raunatin" is prescribed. It is based on plant alkaloids. Used for hypertension in the initial stages.

Sedatives - high blood pressure medicine

Used for stressful situations, nervous disorders, raising HELL. They have a sedative effect on the nervous system. Based on natural ingredients.

Representatives:

• Corvalol;
• Tinctures of mint, motherwort, calendula;
• "Phenazepam";
• Validol.

Are unable to cure the disease. Prescribed as an adjuvant to calm the nervous system.

Side effects, contraindications

With hypertension, you should not self-medicate. Each medicine has a number of contraindications. Use drugs as directed by your doctor.

The main contraindications for the use of hypertonic drugs:

• lactation period, bearing the fetus;
• age less than 18 years;
• chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, heart;
• airway complications;
• allergic reactions;
• individual intolerance to the components.

Side effects:

• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• allergic rashes;
• dizziness;
• sleep disorder.

Only a doctor can develop the correct treatment regimen, including a set of medicines.