In modern medicine Insulin short action Successfully helps compensate for diabetes mellitus. This is the most common tool aimed at normalizing the level of glucose in the patient's body. Insulin is called a hormone that highlights the pancreas. Insulin of long-term action and middle period of exposure also use the patient's body to assist the patient's body. The choice of therapy depends on how seriously diabetes is destroying vital organs.

Initially, insulin was synthesized when working with pancreas of animals. A year later, he was already successfully applied in medicine. After 40 years, people learned to artificially receive this substance with high degree purification by chemical path. For many years, scientists conducted a man's insulin development. Already in 1983, the substance was widely used in practice, and animal insulin preparations were prohibited. The principle of manufacturing the means is to indoors gene materials into the cells of the microorganisms of yeast or non-propogenous strains of intestinal sticks. After such an impact, the bacteria already produce hormone themselves.

Modern medicines differ in the exposure date and on the sequence of amino acids. According to the degree of purification, they are divided into traditional, monopy and monocomponent.

Short insulins (or food) are divided into 2 types:

1. Short insulin (regulator, soluble), whose representatives are ATHTRADID NM, Biogulin R. Also widely known such names of drugs as a chumodar p, ACTRADID MC, MONODAR, MONOSUINSULIN MK.
2. Ultrashort Insulin. These are analog insulins, they correspond to human. These include, for example, insulin Lizpro (Humalog), Insulin Depliance (Apidra).

Preparations of prolonged action are insulin of the average duration of action and long-term preparations. They are also called basal. This is an insulin isofane, insulin-zinc, etc.

In addition, it makes substantially facilitates the tasks of medicine. The use of a medicine that includes sufficiently prolonged insulins and quick insulins.

Clearly explore how affect different kinds Insulin per person will help Table 1.

Application of Insulin Short Action

Insulin of short-term exposure is a compound of zinc insulin solutions in crystals with neutral pH. These medicines work very quickly, but the term of influence on the body is relatively small. They are injected subcutaneously for half an hour before meals, possibly intramuscular administration. If you get into the blood, they dramatically reduce the level of glucose. The maximum effect of short insulin is achieved after half an hour after entering the body. The medicine is very quickly excreted by counterinylular hormones, such as glucagon, catecholamine, cortisol and hardware. As a result, the sugar level rises again to the initial state. If the counterinsular hormones in the body are incorrect, the sugar content is not rising for a long time. Insulin of short action works at the cellular level even after removing blood.

This insulin is used if there are following factors:

• diabetic ketoacidosis in the patient;
• if resuscitation and intensive therapy is needed;
• the unstable need of the body in insulin.

With constantly increased sugar Medicines of this species are combined with long-acting drugs and medium-sized drugs.

Enter preparations are recommended only before meals. Then the insulin is quickly absorbed, it begins to work almost instantly. Some medicines of this type are bred in water and take orally. Subcutaneous injections are made half an hour before meals. Doses of medication are selected individually.

Store short insulins in special dispensers. For their charge use a buffered drug. This reduces the risk of crystallization of the medication during its slow administration to the patient subcutaneously. Hexamera is well common. They are characterized by a constant state of particles in the form of polymers. They are slowly absorbed, high levels of hormone after meals are excluded.

This fact brought scientists to develop semi-synthetic similar substances in the form of monomers and dimers. Due to the studies, a number of compounds called lespro-insulin and aspart insulin were isolated. These insulin preparations are three times more efficient due to greater suction in subcutaneous administration. The hormone quickly reaches its greatest blood concentration, and sugar decreases faster. A semi-synthetic drug getting into the body 15 minutes before meals replaces the introduction of human insulin half an hour before eating food.

Lizpro-insulins - ultrashort hormones obtained by changing the ratio of lysine and proline. Hexamera, penetrating plasma, disintegrate into monomers. In this regard, the action of the medication is even faster than that of short-acting insulins. Unfortunately, the term of influence on the body is still shorter.

The advantages of the medicine include reduction of the risk of hypoglycemia and the ability to quickly reduce glycosylated hemoglobin. Thanks to this, diabetes is better offset.

The most popular drugs that have been acting 15 minutes after entering the body are most popular. This is the apida, humulog and new archite. The choice of medication depends on the overall condition of the patient, the place of administration of the drug, dosage.

Features of pharmacokinetics drug

In various patients, insulin behaves in a different body. The term of achieving the peak of the hormone content and the maximum ability to reduce sugar from one person can be half less than that of another. It depends on how quickly the medicine is absorbed from under the skin. Self effective reaction The organism causes insulins of the average and long exposure time. But not so long ago it was found that the insulins of short action are not inferior to them in their characteristics. Given the importance proper nutrition and physical Loads, control glucose indicators becomes easier.

Each patient with insulin-dependent diabetes must be constantly done. subcutaneous injections hormone. This also includes:

• persons who do not help diet and tablets;
• pregnant;
• people with the development of the disease after panketeratectomy;
• patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma;
• people with all types sugar diabetesin need of postoperative therapy.

Treatment in all these cases is aimed at normalizing glucose and all metabolic processes. More effect can be achieved when combining the correct power, exercise and injections.

Daily doses of funds

In a medium-sized person, in normal weight, the size of the daily production of insulin is from 18 to 40 units. About half of the hormone organism spends the basal secret. Another half goes on food processing. The time of the products of the basal hormone is about one unit per hour. When sugar hits, this speed changes to 6 units. People with overweight produce four more insulin after meals. Part of the hormone is destroyed in the liver system.

In patients affected by diabetes of the first type, there may be a different need for insulin per day. The average value of this indicator is from 0.6 to 0.7 units per 1 kg. There is a big dose for obese people. Patients who need only 0.5 units have a good physical form or they have the residual secretion of insulin.

As already mentioned, the need for insulin is basal and postprandial. Basal is part of the hormone, the overwhelming decay of glucose in the liver. The second share of insulin helps the body absorb nutrients. Therefore, the patient makes an injection before meal.

Most of the diabetics make one injection per day. At the same time, the use of insulin of medium or combined action is common. Combined drug Usually combines the insulins of short-term action and the average length of exposure.

But this is often not enough for the continuous support of the optimal value of glycemia. In these cases, use a complicated scheme of therapy. It includes medium and high speed insulin drugs or long and short action. The most common fractional mixed circuit. A person makes two injections: in front of the morning meals and in front of the evening. In this case, the composition of the injection includes short and medium-sized hormones. When an injection in front of the evening meal is unable to provide a sugar level rate for the night, a person has two injections. At first, sugar compensate for a short-acting drug, and before leaving to sleep, an inlet-tape or NPH is required.

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Anyone is extremely necessary insulin in the morning. For diabetics, the correct choice of medication for the evening injection is of great importance. Dose size depends on glucose indicators. It is selected individually for each patient. The insulin instrument is either an insulin syringe or a special programmed device (pump).

Well facilitated the calculation of the dosage appearance of glucometers. This device allows you to constantly measure glycosylated hemoglobin. Of great importance for therapy with short insulins have related pathologies, power mode, physical form.

Short Action Insulin - Specific Sugar Impressive Tool carbohydrate exchange in organism.

Part this drug A pure hormonal solution includes, which contains no additives extending its effect on the body. A short-acting insulin group acts faster than the rest, but the total duration of their activity is small.

An intramuscular drug is produced in hermetic glass vials, clapped by plugs with aluminum processing.

The impact of short insulin on the body is accompanied by:

• suppression or stimulation of some enzymes;
• activation of glycogen and hexokine synthesis;
• suppression of lipase activating fatty acids.

The degree of secretion and biosynthesis depends on the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. With an increase in its level, the processes of insulin production in the pancreas area increase and, on the contrary, the secretion slows down when the concentration is reduced.

Classification of short insulins

According to the temporary characteristics of a short action insulin happens:

• Short (soluble, regulators) insulins - They act after the introduction after half an hour, so they are recommended to be used 40-50 minutes before meals. Peak concentration active substance In the current blood, it is achieved after 2 hours, and after 6 hours, only traces of the medicine remain in the body. The short insuls can be attributed to human soluble genetically engineering, human soluble semi-synthetic and monocomponent soluble pork.
• Ultrashort (relevant human, analog) insulins - Begin to influence the body after the introduction after 15 minutes. Peak activity is achieved as early as a couple of hours. Full removal from the body comes after 4 hours. Due to the fact that ultrashort insulin has a more physiological effect, drugs, which include it can be used 5-10 minutes before meals or immediately after eating. To this type of drugs, insulins of aspart and semi-synthetic analogues of human insulin can be attributed.

It should be noted that insulin of ultra-fast action resembles the natural reaction of the human body to increase blood sugar levels after eating. That is why it should be taken shortly before or immediately after eating.

Short insulin in the treatment of diabetes

Insulin in diabetes helps prevent the development of complications, extend the life of diabetics and improve its quality. Also injections of this drug reduce the burden on the area, which contributes to the partial restoration of beta cells.

Such effect can be achieved with type 2 diabetes proper fulfillment Therapeutic program and compliance with the regime recommended by the doctor. The restoration of beta cells is possible at diabetes 1 type only under the condition of timely formulation of the diagnosis and the adoption of therapeutic measures without delays.

Injection insulin is prescribed in 2-3 receptions per day half an hour before meals. The usual dose of the drug ranges from 10 to 40 units per day.

Diabetic coma requires a greater amount of medicinal product: for subcutaneous administration - from 100 units above, and for intravenous - up to 50 units per day. For the treatment of diabetic taxidermia, the amount of insulin is calculated in accordance with the severity of the course of the main disease. In other cases, a large amount of hormonal means is required, it is recommended to introduce small doses, but more often.

Side reactions and contraindications

• pancreatitis
• hepatitis
• jade

• decompensated heart disease,
• renoval disease
• ulcerative lesion of the gastric area and duodenum.

Maintenance adverse reactions After the introduction of the hormonal agent, there is a non-compliance with the discretions on dosing. This is accompanied by a significant increase in insulin in the blood current.

From the most frequent side Effects You can allocate:

• general weakness;
• an increase in sweating;
• heartbeat;
• increase salivation;
• dizziness.

In severe cases of critical increase in hormone in the bloodstream (in the event that there is no timely administration of carbohydrates), cramps may arise, accompanied by loss of consciousness and.

Brief and ultrafast insulin preparations

Everything medicinal productswhich contain short human insulins or their analogues have similar characteristics. Therefore, if necessary, they can be replaced by observing the same dosages, while the doctor's preliminary consultation is obligatory. So, a small selection of brief insulin names and adventure

Most popular and medical short action are:

- Produced using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on recombinant DNA technology. Duration of action active component The body is due to its absorption rate. It depends on the dosage, area, such as diabetes and the method of administration. The effect of the drug begins 30 minutes after the injection. The maximum insulin concentration is achieved through a period of 1.5-3.5 hours and the duration of its action varies from 7 to 8 hours.

Human fast insulin begins to act 30-45 minutes after injection, modern ultra-screwed types of insulin (apida, Novorahid, Humalog) - even faster, they need only 10-15 minutes. Apidra, Novorad, Humalog is not quite human insulin, but only its good analogues.

Moreover, compared to natural insulin, these drugs are better because they are modified. Due to its advanced formula, these medicines, after they fall into the body, the concentration of blood sugar is very quickly reduced.

The analogues of the ultrashort action analogue were designed specifically in order to quickly extinguish glycose jumps in the bloodstream. Such a condition often occurs when diabetics wants to reinforce high-speed carbohydrates.

In practice, unfortunately, this idea did not justify itself, as the use of products prohibited during diabetes, in any case increases blood sugar levels.

Even when the patient's arsenal has such drugs as popra, Novorad, Humalog, diabetic should still adhere to a low-carbid diet. Insulin's ultra-quality analogues are used in those situations when it is required to reduce sugar levels as soon as possible.

Another reason for which sometimes should be resorted to an ultra-screwing insulin - when it is impossible to wait before taking food, which is necessary for 40-45 minutes, which are necessary to start the action of ordinary insulin.

Injection of insulin rapid or ultrafine action Before eating is needed by those diabetics, which, after meals, the hyperglycemia develops.

Not always, with diabetes low-carbohydrate diet and tableted drugs have proper impact. In some cases, these measures give the patient only partial relief.

Type diabetics make sense to try in treating only prolonged insulin. It may well be that having time to relax from insulin preparations, the pancreas can be used and starts to produce insulin and extinguish the blood glucose jumps without preliminary injections.

In any clinical case, the decision on the type of insulin, its dosages and acceptance hours is accepted only after the patient will produce a total self-control of glucose levels in the blood throughout at least seven days.

For the compilation of the scheme and the doctor, and the patient will have to work pretty.

After all, the ideal should not be identical to standard treatment (1-2 injections per day).

Treatment rapid and ultrasound insulin

Ultra-screwed insulin begins its effect much earlier than the human body has time to split and assimilate the proteins, the part of which turns into glucose. Therefore, if the patient complies with a short action insulin, entered before meal, is better suited than:

1. Apida

Quick insulin must be inserted 40-45 minutes before meals. This time is approximate, and for each patient, it is more accurately installed individually. The duration of the short insulin is about five hours. This time is required human organism For complete digestion of eaten food.

Insulin is ultra-screwed used in unforeseen situations when the sugar level must be reduced very quickly. Complications of diabetes are developing precisely at that time when the glucose concentration in the bloodstream is increased, so it should be reduced to normal as soon as possible. And in this plan, the hormone of ultrashort action is suitable as it is impossible.

If the patient suffers from "soft" diabetes (sugar is normalized by itself and it happens quickly) additional injections of insulin in such a situation are not required. This is possible only with type 2 diabetes.

Ultra-free insulin types

Ultrafine insuls include popra (blade), Novorad (aspart), Humalog (Lizpro). Produce these drugs three competing among themselves pharmaceutical companies. The usual human insulin is short, and ultrashorts are analogues, that is, improved in comparison with this human insulin.

The essence of improvement is that ultra-free drugs lower sugar levels much faster than ordinary short. The effect occurs 5-15 minutes after injection. Ultrashort insulins were created specifically in order to give diabetics from time to time to be easily dismissed carbohydrates.

But this idea in practice did not work. Carbohydrates in any case increase sugar faster than it is capable of lowering even the most modern insulin of ultravotor action. Despite the appearance of new types of insulin on the pharmaceutical market, the need to comply with a low-carbohydrate diet with diabetes is still relevant. Only so you can avoid serious complications that entails a cunning disease.

For diabetics 1 and 2 types that comply with the low-carbohydrate diet, human insulin is considered to be the most acceptable for injection before eating, rather than ultra-wide analogues. This is due to the fact that the body of a patient with diabetes mellitus, consuming little carbohydrates, first digested proteins, and part of them then converts into glucose.

This process takes too slowly, and the action of ultrashort insulin, on the contrary, it comes too quickly. In this case, the simply time to use the insulins are short. It follows 40-45 minutes before meals.

Despite this, diabetics that limit the use of carbohydrates, insulins of ultrafine action can also be useful. If, when measuring a glucometer, the patient marks very high level Sugar, in this situation, ultra-free insulins are not possible by the way.

Ultra-screwed insulin can come in handy in front of dinner in a restaurant or while traveling when there is no possibility to wait allotted 40-45 minutes.

Important! Ultrashort insulins are much faster than ordinary short. In this regard, the dose of ultra-screwed hormone analogues should be significantly lower than the equivalent doses of short insulin of human.

Moreover, clinical trials of drugs showed that the effect of the humulog starts 5 minutes earlier than when using apides or new rapid.

Advantages and disadvantages of ultrafine insulin

In the newest ultrafast analogs of insulin (if you compare with short human types of hormone) there are advantages and some disadvantages.

Advantages:

• Earlier peak action. New types of insulin of ultravotor action begin to work much faster - after injection after 10-15 minutes.
• The smooth action of a short drug provides better learning to the organism, provided that the patient will observe a low-carbohydrate diet.
• The use of ultrafine insulin is very convenient when the patient cannot know the exact time of the next meal, for example, if on the way.

When adhere to a low-carbohydrate diet, doctors recommend their patients in as usual mode Use a short human insulin before eating, but all the time keep ready for special cases the drug is ultrakorty.

Disadvantages:

1. The blood glucose level is lowered below, rather than after the injection of the usual short insulin.
2. Short insulins must be administered 40-45 minutes before it is possible to start receiving food. If you do not observe this period of time and start a meal before, a short drug will not have time to start an action, and sugar in the blood jumpers.
3. Due to the fact that ultra-premissible insulin preparations have a sharper peak, it is very difficult to correctly calculate the amount of carbohydrates that must be used during meals in order for the blood glucose concentration in the normal.
4. Practice confirms that ultra-free insulin types act on glucose in the bloodstream less stable than short. Their effect is less predictable even with injections in small doses. About the doses are large in this regard and not to speak.

Patients should keep in mind that ultra-free insulin types are much stronger than fast. 1 Uzh Humaloga will reduce the level of sugar in the bloodstream 2.5 times more, rather than 1 short insulin. Apidra and Novorad is about 1.5 times more powerful than short insulin.

In accordance with this, the dose of humulog should be 0.4 dose of fast insulin, and the dose of apide or new architect - about ⅔ dose. This dosage is considered to be indicative, the exact dose is determined in each case experimentally.

The main goal, to which each diabetics should strive to reduce to a minimum or prevent a completely postprandial hyperglycemia. To achieve the goal, the injection should be done with a sufficient margin of time, that is, wait for insulin's action and only then begin to take food.

On the one hand, the patient tends to ensure that the drug began to reduce sugar in the blood at the moment when the food starts to raise it. However, if you make an injection in advance, sugar in the blood can decrease faster than it will increase it.

In practice, it is checked that the injection of short insulin must be done 40-45 minutes before meals. This rule does not apply to those diabetics that have a history of diabetic gastroparesis (slow emptying of the stomach after meals).

Modern pharmacology offers patients with diabetes a huge selection of insulin preparations. And today we will talk about what types of insulin are.

Insulin: species

All available insulin preparations are divided into three types (depending on the time of action and the offensive therapeutic effect):

• "Short";
• "Average";
• "Long."

"Short" insulins

It is the insulin drugs of short action that are most often prescribed to patients having problems with blood sugar.

After the remedy enters the human body, it begins to work after thirty minutes. This translates it into the category of highly efficient drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. Quite often, this type of insulin is assigned simultaneously with long-acting insulin.

To determine the selection, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• general condition of the patient;
• place of introduction of funds;
• dosage.

Insulin preparations are most popular, beginning to act for the first 15 minutes after the introduction. These are funds "Apidra", "Humagol" and "Novorad".

Features

Among the high-speed human insulins, the drugs "Humorp" and "Insumad Rapid" are presented. There are practically no difference between them. The only difference is in the amount of residue present in its composition of amino acids.

The "fast" insulin of animal origin also includes medications "Insulrap SPP", "Iletin II Regular" and others. They are most often prescribed when type II diabetes. Funds from this category contain proteins with a different structure, and therefore are not suitable for all patients. For example, "fast" insulins of animal origin cannot be prescribed to people whose organism is not able to recycle animals lipids.

Reception, dosage, storage of "short" insulins

Take the drug immediately before meals. In this case, it is food that accelerates insulin's absorption, the effect occurs almost immediately.

"Fast" insulins can be taken orally, pre-ranking them to a liquid state.

If the subcutaneous administration of the drug is practiced, the injection must be made approximately 30 minutes before the planned adoption of food.

Dosage to each person, patient with diabetes, is selected individually. For adults, the dose will be 8-24 units per day, and children are no more than 8 units.

Store preparations at a temperature of + 2- + 8 degrees. To do this, the shelf is suitable in the refrigerator door.

"Average" insulins

Diabetics are forced to take medicines that support but each type of diabetes need a certain form of insulin. So the drug having an average duration is used in the case when glucose needs gradual cleavage. It can also be used if at the moment there is no possibility of using a "short" insulin.

Features of "medium" insulins

Preparations have several features:

• they begin to act 10 minutes after the introduction;
• the medium requires quite a lot of time for complete splitting.

• among human insulins - the means "Protafan", "Humulin", "Montotard" and "Homolong";
• among the animals are medicines "Berlinsulin", "Montotard HM" and "Iletin II".

"Long" insulins

It was timely introduced drug that allows diabetics to rejoice in life, without experiencing discomfort caused by a highly different type of insulin drugs from others and what types of insulin of a long-term action exist - about this and talk.

The main difference of insulin in this case is that the effect of the drug continues sometimes more than 24 hours.

In addition, all types of insulin extended in their composition contain chemical catalysts that provide long-term operation of the drug. They also delay sucking sugars. The therapeutic effect occurs in about 4-6 hours, and the duration of action can be up to 36 hours.

Long-term insulins: What types exist

The most frequently appointed drugs are the "determination" and "glagragin". Their main difference is a uniform decrease in blood sugar levels.

Insuls with a long period of action are also the preparations "Ultirtwind", "Ultravente-Iletin-1", "Hüminsulin", "Ultralong", etc.

Drugs are appointed by the attending physician, which further helps to avoid various troubles in the form of side effects.

Use and storage of the drug

Insulin of this type can be entered exceptionally injecting method. Only hitting the body in this way, it begins to work. The injection is put in the forearm, buttock or thigh.

Before applying the bottle, you must shake the mixture inside it with a homogeneous consistency. After that, it is ready for use.

Store the drug under the same conditions that the insulins of short action. Such a temperature regime prevents the formation of flakes and granulation of the mixture, as well as the oxidation of the drug.

Tolerate insulin one, sometimes twice for a day.

The origin of insulin

Differences of insulins - not only in time of action, but also in origin. Animals are distinguished drugs and insulins identical to human.

For preparations from the first category, pigs are used, as well as the biological structure of insulins derived from the leads of the pigs, suits people most. The difference in this case is completely insignificant - only one amino acid.

But best drugs These are, of course, human insulins that are used most often. Perhaps in two ways:

1. The first method is to replace one inappropriate amino acid. In this case, it turns out a semi-synthetic insulin.
2. In the second method of producing the drug involved intestinal wand capable of synthesizing the protein. This will be a biosynthetic agent.

Preparations are similar human insulin Possess a number of benefits:

• to obtain the necessary therapeutic effect, the introduction of smaller doses is required;
• the development of lipodystrophy is relatively infrequent;
• allergies to preparations are practically not observed.

Cleaning degree

Depending on the degree of cleaning, drugs are divided into:

• traditional;
• montopic;
• monocomponent.

Traditional insulins belong to the very first insulin drugs. They contained a huge set of protein impurities, which were the cause of frequent allergic reactions. Currently, the release of such drugs is significantly reduced.

Montopic insulin means have a very small amount of impurities (within permissible norms). But monocomponent insulins are almost perfectly clean, since the volume of unnecessary impurities is even less than the lower limit.

The main differences between "short" and "long" insulins

As you can see, the types of insulin (the table shows it clearly) differ in the main indicators. And these features need to be considered.

We looked at all available types of insulin and their action on the human body. We hope that the information was useful. Be healthy!

Pharmacological industry produces in a wide variety hormonal drugs To regulate blood sugar. One of them is a short action insulin. It is capable of normalizing blood glucose content in a short time in patients with diabetes mellitus, which makes it an indispensable tool.

The concept of short-acting insulins

As soon as such insulin is introduced, it dissolves and quickly normalizes exchange processeswhich are associated with the absorption of glucose.

Unlike long-term preparations, they consist only of a pure hormonal solution without any additives. It is obvious from the name that after the introduction they begin to work as quickly as possible, that is, in a relatively short time, the level of sugar in the blood is reduced. But at the same time, they stop their action faster than the preparations of the average duration of the action, which can be seen by the example of the following scheme:

When do this type of insulin prescribe?

Short insulins are used independently or in combination with hormones of prolonged action. It is allowed to enter up to 6 times a day. Most often, prescribed in such cases as:

• resuscitation therapy;
• the unstable need of the body in insulin;
• surgical interventions;
• fractures;
• complications of diabetes - ketoacidosis.

How many short insulin acts and when reaches a peak?

At subcutaneous administration is observed long action The drug that occurs after 30-40 minutes, just when the eaten food is digesting.

After taking the preparation of the peak, insulin is achieved in 2-3 hours. Duration depends on the administered dose:

• if 4 editions of the state, the duration of normalization of the state is approximately 5 hours;
• if 16 units or more, can reach 6-8 hours.

After expiration of the action, the drug is derived from the body with conjunral hormones.

Types of gentle insulin preparations

There are many drug insulin preparations, among which preparations from the table are very popular:

The listed insulins are considered human genetically engineering, except for a monster that belong to the pork. Available in the form of a soluble solution in bottles. All of them are intended for diabetes therapy 1 and 2 types. Often are prescribed before the preparations of prolonged action.

Preparations are not contraindicated by pregnant women and lactating women, as this type of insulin does not penetrate the placenta and in breast milk.

Insulin of ultrashort action

This is the last invention in pharmacology. It differs from other species with its almost instant effect, normalizing blood sugar. The most appointed drugs are considered:

These drugs are analogues human hormone. They are comfortable in cases where it is necessary to take food, but it is unknown its quantity when it is difficult to calculate the dose of insulin to digest. You can first eat, then make the calculation of the dose and pour the patient. Since the insulin action is fast, then the food will not have time to also be understood.

This ultra-screwed insulin is designed for use in cases where patients with diabetes are disturbed by a diet and eat more sweet than recommended. Usually in such cases there is a sharp growth of sugar, which can lead to complications of health. That's where these drugs can help. Sometimes, when the patient can not wait for about 40 minutes, and turns to the meal much earlier, it is possible to pour this kind of insulin again.

Such insulin is not prescribed patients who comply with all the rules in nutrition. Most often, only as ambulance with a sharp jump of sugar.

It is not contraindicated by pregnant women with diagnosis of diabetes. It is allowed to apply, even if there is a toxicosis of pregnancy.

The benefits of ultrashort insulin is that it can:

• reduce the frequency of increasing blood sugar at night, especially at the beginning of pregnancy;
• help to quickly normalize sugar from the future mother during the operation of the cesarean section;
• reduce the risk of complications after meals.

These drugs are so effective that for a short time they can normalize sugar, while the dose is introduced much less, which helps prevent various complications.

How to calculate short insulin - formulas for diabetics

There are various methods for calculating a single dose of a short action insulin that can be found below:

Based on the level of glycemia

Calculation of the dose based on food consumed

Not only on blood glucose level, but also from consuming food depends motherwise dose Inserting a short action insulin. So, for calculation it is worth considering the following facts:

• Unit of carbohydrate measurement - bread units (xE). So, 1 x \u003d 10 g of glucose;
• On each hee you need to introduce 1 union insulin. For a more accurate calculation, this definition is used - 1 ERM insulin reduces the hormone by 2.0 mmol / l, and 1 x of carbohydrate food - raises to 2.0 mmol / l, so for every 0.28 mmol / l, which exceed 8, 25 mmol / l, the preparation is introduced 1;
• If food does not contain carbohydrates, the level of hormone in the blood is practically no increase.

Example of calculation: If the glucose level is 8 mmol / l before eating, and it is planned to eat 20 g of carbohydrate food or 2 x (+4.4 mmol / l), then after taking food, the sugar level will rise to 12.4, while the norm is 6. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce 3 products of the drug so that the sugar indicator decreases to 6.4.

Maximum dose for one-time introduction

Any dose of insulin is adjusted by the attending physician, but it should not be higher than 1.0 units, which is calculated on 1 kg of its mass. This is the maximum dose.

Overdose may result in complications.

Usually the doctor adheres to the following rules:

• If type 1 diabetes was only recently distributed, a dose is prescribed no more than 0.5 units / kg.
• With good compensation, during the year, the dose is 0.6 units / kg.
• If an instability is observed in diabetes 1, sugar is constantly changing, then 0.7 units are taken.
• Due to the diagnosis of decompensated dose diabetes is 0.8 units / kg.
• When ketacidosis takes 0.9 units / kg.
• If pregnancy on the last trimester is 1.0 units / kg.

How to prick a short insulin? (video)

All types of insulin are mainly introduced approximately the same and before meals. It is recommended to choose those areas on the human body where the large blood vesselsThere are deposits of subcutaneous fat.

In venous administration, the effect of insulin will be instantant, which is unacceptable in daily therapy. Therefore, the subcutaneous administration of the drug is recommended, which contributes to uniform absorption into the blood of insulin.

You can choose the area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen, only not to prick in a radius of 6 cm from the navel. Before the injection, you need to wash this area and the hands with soap, dry. Prepare everything that is necessary for the procedure: one-time syringe, bottle with a preparation and a cotton disk. Be sure to check the shelf life of the drug!

1. Remove the cap from the syringe, leaving the rubber lid.
2. Treat the needle with alcohol and introduce carefully into the bottle with the drug.
3. Score the required amount of insulin.
4. Remove the needle and release the air, leading the piston of the syringe until the droplets of the insulin droplets.
5. Large and index finger make a small leather fold. If the subcutaneous fat layer is thick, then we introduce the needle at an angle of 90 degrees, with a thin - needle it is necessary to tilt a little at an angle of 45 degrees. Otherwise, the injection will not be subcutaneous, but intramuscular. If the patient does not have excess weight, it is better to use a thin and small needle.
6. Do not rush and smoothly enter insulin. The speed should be uniform during the administration.
7. When the syringe is empty, the needle is quickly removed from under the skin, and the fold is released.
8. On the needle of the syringe to wear a protective cap and throw it away.

You can not constantly prick in the same place, and the distance from one injection to another should be about 2 cm. Alternating injections: first in one hip, then - to another, then - in the buttock. Otherwise, a fifter fiber can occur.

From the selection of the place even depends the suction rate of the hormone. The faster of all insulin is absorbed from the front wall of the abdomen, then there are shoulders and buttocks, later - from the front surface of the hips.

It is best to introduce into the abdomen so that the action is faster immediately, as soon as the food took.

Read more familiar with the technique of insulin introduction can be found in this article or the following video:

In conclusion, it is worth noting that it is impossible to independently choose a short action drug, change its dosage without the appointment of a doctor. It is necessary to develop with the endocrinologist the scheme of its introduction according to the regime and the number of food received. It is desirable to constantly change the place of the injection, to properly store the drug, follow the expiration date. And with the slightest changes and complications to contact the doctor.