Symptoms and causes of seasonal allergic rhinitis, the connection of half aulinosis with flowering plants in the summer. What is polynosis: characteristic features and symptoms of an allergic reaction, effective methods of treatment what is polynosis

Symptoms and causes of seasonal allergic rhinitis, the connection of half aulinosis with flowering plants in the summer. What is polynosis: characteristic features and symptoms of an allergic reaction, effective methods of treatment what is polynosis

14.07.2020 Glucometers

Called back seasonal allergic rincoonunkitititis is a seasonal type disease that occurs due to allergic reaction Man on pollen flowering plants. Another famous name of this ailment is a hay.

It is officially known about this disease from the nineteenth century - precisely then, in 1819, a certain doctor John Bostok from England described the disease as a hay fever, suggesting her connection with hay. However, at the end of the same century it was proved that the cause of the development of this disease is pollen of plants.

To date, Polynosis is one of the most common diseases of an allergic nature. Specialists argue that he is subject to a fifth of all residents of the world. The cause of allergic rinkonjunctivitis is small pollen plants who are pollinated by wind. Such plants are about fifty species today. As a rule, the disease manifests itself in people up to the fifty-year-old age, at a later age, people are practically not subject to pollinosis. In general, the symptoms of the disease are manifested in those patients who have previously had a tendency to . Due to inhalation of pollen plants, many systems in the body are affected. For the disease, the manifestation is strictly seasonal.

Symptoms Pollinoza

Under the influence of allergen, in this case - pollen occurs inflammatory process In the mucous membrane of the nose. In the nose there is a mucous membrane, the main function of which is the removal of any particles from exhaled air in order to prevent them in lungs. Singing on the mucous, particles of pollen plants and cause allergic manifestations.

Thus, the human immune system reacts to a "collision" with pollen plants. Symptoms of this ailment, as a rule, become rubble , violation or absence capabilities nose , itching eyes , nose , sky Elevated separation of saliva . From the nose there are watery allocations. A person also has common symptoms of half aulinosis: high level fatigue , irritability , bad , weight loss . With allergic rhinconunctivitis, other organs may be affected. It is very important to distinguish the symptoms of half theline and the manifestation of the usual colds .

Before starting the attack of half aulinosis, the patient often appears multiple sneezing due to irritation of the pollen mucosa: sometimes patients sneeze several tens of times. As long as the impact of pollen on the mucous membrane continues, a person has a runny nose.

In most cases, this disease begins in children's or an adolescent age. Undeside Bole often strikes boys. Depending on the individual characteristics of each organism, the symptoms may be more severe or manifest itself less pronounced. It happens that a few years later the disease passes, however, in many cases, polynosis is manifested throughout life.

Causes of Pollinoza

In particles of pollen of plants, men's germ cells are contained. Pollen for the fertilization of eggs to other plants spread the impusts of the wind or insects. It is pollen that falls on plants with wind, and is the most threatening allergen for patients with pollinosis. In the atmosphere during the flowering of plants, such pollen is just a huge amount. At the same time, it provokes the occurrence of pollen's allergic reactions from the plants very common in our country. In the countries of Europe, the most common cause of this allergic illness is pollen of herbs.

The season of active manifestation of pollinosis occurs during the ripening period of pollen, which directly depends on the weather conditions. So, if the spring months were cold, then pollen can be mature later. So-called " pollinosis season "It comes in different stans depending on geographic differences: in the south - earlier, in the north - later.

Also, the presence of pollen in the air directly depends on the climatic conditions at the moment. So, the most high concentration Pollen in the atmosphere is observed in dry days with enough windy weather. Warm air flows in such a period can carry pollen into very long distances, then lifting it high, then lowering below. If the air temperature drops sharply, the pollen falls down, as a result of which the peculiar clouds of pollen occur at the bottom, close to the surface. If the weather is windless or rain, the content of pollen in the air significantly decreases. The concentration of pollen in the air before the start of thunderstorms increases. Polynomus can manifest itself and as a result of the impact on the man of mold mushrooms present in the air.

Plants provoking pollinosis

Dangerous from an allergic point of view are plants that are pollinated by wind. This is a series of deciduous trees, weeds and cereals. Extremely rarely polynosis provokes the pollen of coniferous trees. The most highlyworthy is the pollen of Oshness, alder, oak, clear, birch. Among herbs allergies cause pollen of oatmeal, wildfish, tymothy, breadth and other weed herbs. Also in recent months of summer and in the first months of autumn, hazardous grass in the pollen: wormwood, nettle, winged, ambrosia.

Diagnosis Pollinoza

Due to the fact that the symptoms of this disease appear seasonally, its diagnosis does not provide special difficulties for specialists. Considering which period the attacks manifested themselves, the doctor helps the patient to establish, the bloom of which plant acts on a person in this way. However, it should be noted that people susceptible to allergic reactions to plant pollen are very rarely suffering from one defined form of pollen.

When diagnosing is sometimes necessary to study the content of the discharge from the nose. When polynomotia is present, as well as, that is white blood cells who take part in allergic reactions. Also for the diagnosis and establishment of the form of pollen provoking such a reaction, skin samples are taken.

Treatment Pollinoza

To facilitate manifestations, a cold and itching patients prescribe antihistamine Preparatoin . It should be considered that similar medicinal products Cannot eliminate swelling. Such drugs, as a rule, have a sedative impact on a person, so patients quite often in the treatment process complain about fatigue and. Today there are a number of antihistamine funds ( ,), very effective in the process of treating this disease.

To remove the emerging swelling, patients with pollinosis are prescribed anti-ebbing agents. They affect the vessels in the nasal mucosa, narrowing them. Such means are produced in the form of droplets in the nose, and they act very quickly. But at the same time, the effect of applying such a medicine is maintained relatively short time, as a result of which the drugs need to be applied very often. Such an approach may some time significantly reduce the effectiveness of such funds. In this regard, such drugs are recommended to receive for no more than two weeks. Such medicines after their reception can affect , increasing it. Therefore, people with elevated blood pressure should be very careful about their reception. Often, anti-ethnic effects and antihistamines are prescribed in the complex.

Subject to regular use antiallergic drugs Effectively prevent alllation histamine and other chemical mediators. However, this means should be used before the beginning of an allergic principle. So, people who have every year seasonal pollinosis associated with the flowering of herbs should begin receiving such drugs in early May. Those who suffer from the reaction to pollen flowering trees should begin receiving antallergic drugs in February. Such drugs are used in the process of children's therapy.

If all attempts to treat the disease in the media described above did not make a proper effect, then the doctor may appoint a reception corticosteroids . Such drugs affect the formation of mucus and edema, reducing such manifestations. Corticosteroids are prescribed during half aulinosis to reduce its attacks. Such drugs should be taken long before the start of flowering in the same way as anti-allergic means. Side Effects In the process of treatment, such drugs, as a rule, do not provoke. The use of corticosteroids is justified in particularly severe cases.

Today, allergen-specific is also actively used for the treatment of this disease. The human body suffering from pollinosis is introduced, which was made from pollen plants that provoke an allergic reaction. Vaccine doses gradually increase that in the end causes a peculiar "addictive" to pollen. Such treatment is carried out only by an allergular specialist. It should be regularly applied for several years, vaccination should be carried out during the period when flowering is not observed. To date this method It is considered in almost the only way to achieve a long-term remission and to prevent the development and complication of pollinosis.

Also doctors recommend applications climatotherapy . In the presence of such a possibility, it is recommended to leave for a period of flowering plants this climatic zone to prevent the contact of a person with pollen causing an allergic reaction.

The doctors

Medicine

Prevention Pollinoza

To prevent the development of pollinosis during the flowering period, a number of simple rules should be observed. So, the patient follows the opportunity to stay at home in the period up to eleven o'clock in the morning. It is not recommended to ride a city for the city during this period. In the house of the window it is advisable to curtain a very small grid and throw away all the dry bouquets. Before entering the street, it is necessary to capture sunglasses, and at home, after returning from the street, to immediately wash the nose and eye mucosa. People prone to allergies should not be used with cosmetics, shampoos, soaps made on the basis of plants-allergens. Similarly, you should not use food from these plants. Long before the beginning of the flowering season, you need to go through the course of medicines appointed by the doctor.

Diet, Power Options

List of sources

Goryachkin L. A. Polynozha: studies. Manual for doctors / L. A. Goryachkin, E. V. Perevokova, E. V. Khramtsova. - M., 2004.
Gushchin I.S., Kurbacheva O.M. Allergies and allergenspecific immunotherapy. - M.: Farmalarus Print Media, 2010.
Patterson, R. Allergic diseases: Diagnosis and treatment / R Patterson, L.K. Grammer, P.A. Greenber Her P.a; M.: Eotar Medicine, 2000.
Goryachkina L. A., Ponzova E.V., Astafieva N.G. Clinical allergology and immunology / ed. L. A. Goryachkina, K.P. Cashkin. - M.: Miklash, 2009.

Education: She graduated from the Rivne State Basic Medical College in the specialty "Pharmacy". He graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University. M.I.Pirogov and internship at its base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 - she worked on the posts of the province and the head of the pharmaceutical kiosk. He was awarded diplomas and signs of distinction for many years and conscientious work. Articles on medical themes were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

Itching and burning in the nose and eyes, swelling and redness of the mucous membranes, abundant secretion of mucus and extinguishing sneezing - all this is allergic, or, if we speak correctly about this form, allergic rhincoonuncititis. This disease is the shape of the eye and nasal allergies. During it, the mucous membranes and conjunctivations are inflated as a result of allergens. It can be both constant and seasonal. In the latter case, it is called allergic polynosis or hay fever.

Features of the disease

If allergic rinkonjunitivitis occurs regularly during the year, it means that its source is near. Most often, the condition is caused by allergies on tillats living in home dust; Dust itself, including book; mold and fungi; household chemistry; epidermis and skin selection of pets; Food products; medications. Rincoononjunctivitis in this case may give to know epizodically about himself, and with constant contact with an allergen can become a permanent satellite of life.

If we are talking about seasonal polling, then it is usually manifested in the spring-summer period, since pollen of plants acts by the main allergen. The condition deteriorates at the exit to the street, traveling to nature, for the city, where there are especially many blooming plants.

When the disease lasts long, and the treatment is absent, it can be fraught with a deterioration of smell and hearing, headaches, nasal bleeding. In the worst case, there will be swelling of Quincé or a bronchial asthma will develop. It is especially important in time to identify the disease and proceed to treatment in children, since the growing body is most vulnerable.

Causes and symptoms of allergic pollinosis

Rincoonjunctivitis is caused by the exposure to allergen on the mucous membranes of the eyes and the nose. Seasonal pollinosis occurs in spring, summer or early autumn. The period is determined by what a blooming plant is allergic. Spring is pollen trees that bloom the first: alder, birch, hazel and others. At the beginning of the summer, the main allergen - pollen of cereals. Different weeds bloom throughout the summer. And in his end and early autumn it comes to flowering varieties of wormwood, the pollen of which is very strong allergen.

Allergy's body perceives pollen as hostile penetration and produces many histamine - hormone protecting from harmful substances. It is because of the histamine and an unpleasant symptoms appear. Most often, allergies are inherited, that is, it should be a genetic predisposition. For the first time, the disease makes itself felt aged 10 to 20 years. However, sometimes manifests itself in very small children, and in other cases "silent" for many years.

An additional risk factor is:

weak immunity;
unfavorable ecological situation;
bad habits, especially smoking;
unhealthy Lifestyle;
poor useful nutritional substances.

In addition, Polynomia is more susceptible to people in a state of stress, regularly experiencing large mental and psychological loads. Crazy rhythm of life in aggregate with stress and rank of air makes citizens allergies more often than residents of the countryside. Despite the fact that there are fewer flowering plants in the city.

Polynosis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

itching in nasal passages;
sneezing;
runny nose;
eyerage of the nasal mucosa;
itching and redness of conjunctiva.

Perhaps the occurrence of rashes on the skin. Also, polynosis is accompanied by headaches, weakness, apathy, choking, itching in the throat. A person becomes irritable, quickly gets tired, its performance is reduced.

Diagnostics

At the first symptoms of allergic rinkonjunctivitis, you need to consult a doctor. First, that make sure that he is allergic. After all, similar symptoms accompany many viral infections, for example, the same flu. Secondly, to identify Allergen and proceed to treatment.

During the exacerbation of half theline, an examination of the mucous membrane of the nose, the conjunctive of the eyes is carried out. If necessary, a study of mucous secretions and a nasal sinung is carried out to determine their condition. Also prescribed blood test.

During remission, it is important to identify an allergen that is called polynosis. For this, the allergic physician conducts skin tests with pollen and other substances. Possible allergens are applied to a special plaster and placed on the patient's forearm. A few hours later the reaction occurs, on the basis of which the doctor makes conclusion.

Treatment

Treatment of half aulinosis implies two forms: facilitating the state during the exacerbation and preventing recurrences during remission. In the first case you need to receive medicines. Here are some angistamines on Polynomia:

Antihistamine pills. There are first and second generation. The first cause drowsiness, apathy, require a reception several times a day. The second, as a rule, prolonged action (enough one tablet per day) and do not have side symptoms. However, in any case, it is impossible to abuse them.
Local preparations. This group includes drops - eye and nasal, as well as gels. These drugs can be antihistamine. More often, they are made on the basis of crudelycial acid - a powerful antiallergic agent. Additionally, vesseloring and other drugs can be appointed.
Local glucocorticoids. it hormonal drugs - Spray in the nose. Well relieved inflammation, while weakly absorbed into the blood. However, hormonal means are addictive, so they are applied last.

Reliable from manifestations of allergies for many years allows allergen-specific immunotherapy (ACIT). After the doctor with the help of tests determines the main allergen, it begins to regularly introduce it in safe doses into the patient's body. This is done so that immunity is used to the presence of this substance and stopped responding to it. Treatment is long, from several months and more. However, after it, you can forget about the manifestations of allergies for years. Important: Such treatment is carried out only outside the exacerbation period.

Pollnosis in children

Especially important timely treatment Polinosis in children. If you do not pay attention to the alarming symptoms, they can paint in a child in asthma. Therefore, it is necessary to facilitate an allergic condition in time.

The main symptoms in children are the same as in adults. This is an allergic rhincoonuncation: sneezing, itching in the nose and eyes, swelling. In addition, some kids allergic is heavier. With disorders of digestion: nausea, vomiting, stomach pains and stool changes. Rinkononjunctivitis from allergic can turn into bacterial. In this case, the release of the nose and eye becomes purulent.

It is important at the first symptoms to consult a doctor. If you confuse polynosis with ORZ and engage in self-medication, there will be no effect. And not the drugs also worsen the condition of the child.

Detect the predisposition of the baby to allergic fields, it is possible before the first symptoms will be felt. Children of allergies are subject to special risk. Also more often boys are sick than girls. If a child also often occurs and the inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynk and respiratory tract are not held for a long time, it is better to progress in advance and consult with an allergist.

When confirming the diagnosis of "Allergic Polynomus" in the child, the detection of the main allergen is carried out. Unlike adults, it is not test-samples for this, but blood test. Finding the reason, it is important to limit the contact of the patient with the source.

Treatment of pollinosis in children with antihistamine preparations differs from the treatment of adults only by dosages. Upon reaching the eight-nine-year-old age, the child can be carried out as a somewhat different form than adults. Not bad results in the treatment of pollinosis in children give alternative treatment methods: acupuncture, homeopathy. However, it follows this ways only after consulting a doctor.

How to facilitate condition without drugs

During the exacerbation of half aulinosis, it is important to limit contact with the allergen. Ideally, to leave there, where the plant causing such a reaction is not, and return when it stops blooming. If it is impossible, then try less frequently go out, do not ride the city and in nature. Especially in dry windless weather, when the concentration of pollen in the air is high. During and after the rain you can walk almost without fears.

When leaving the street, you need to try to cover the clothes most of the body, especially in children. We can not be sunglasses to reduce pollen enter the eye mucous membrane. Having come home, it should be changed into everything clean, thoroughly wash my face and hands, it is advisable to wash the nose and rinse the throat with clean water or salt solution. Pollen accumulates in her hair, so in the period of exacerbation, it is better to wash them every day, and also more often take a shower.

It is also recommended that you often make a wet cleaning of the house, especially if rinkonjunctivitis is caused not only to pollen, but also, for example, ordinary dust. But to ventilate the room during the flowering of allergen plants, on the contrary, it costs as less as possible. Ideally do it during and after the rain, when the whole pollen is "nailed" drops to the ground. Clothes need to erase often, especially the one that is designed to exit the street. It is impossible to dry her outdoors, it is better to do it indoors.

After the end of the exacerbation period seasonal Pollinoza You can return to the former lifestyle. However, if the rincoonjunctivitis is all-season and is caused not to pollen, but by other allergens, frequent cleaning, washing, washing the nasopharynx should become permanent satellites of life.

Prevention Pollinoza

Punching prevention is primary and secondary. The purpose is the first to prevent the appearance of the disease if there is a predisposition to it, but the symptoms have not yet arise. The second is needed for those who are already sick of Polyniasis. It is to prevent aggravation when the period of hay fever begins. Namely: to minimize contact with an allergen, start taking drugs in time.

To prevent the occurrence of the disease, the best prevention is a healthy lifestyle. In the case of the risk of allergic pollinosis, it is important to abandon smoking. Tobacco smoke acts depressingly on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The camber epithelium changes and is no longer able to delay the dust and pollen particles, preventing them from entering the body.

Alcohol destroys the immune system and reduces the body's ability to resist harmful effects. Important immunity is important. It will help to strengthen it not only the absence of bad habits, but also physical activity, hardening procedures and proper nutrition.

Seasonal polynosis often causes cross-edible allergies. The negative reaction gives products whose proteins are similar to pollen proteins in structure. So, if allergies cause pollen of trees, nuts, carrots, apples and other fruits become forbidden products. If the pollen of the cereals is to blame, it is bread, cereal, muesli, legumes. In the case of weeds, the allergens become honey, halva, mustard and mayonnaise, citrus.

Diet under Polynomia, especially during the period of exacerbation (or the possibility of its appearance) should be built without these products. In general, the nutrition should be saturated nutrients and balanced. Strengthen immunity will help vitamin C, which is much bulgarian peppers, strawberry, sorrel, citrus.

Allergic polynosis and rincoonjunctivitis corresponding to it is an unpleasant condition, but not deadly. If you have a healthy lifestyle and take measures to avoid the disease on time, you can safely live with him, without refusing.

Some allergic pathologies were known two more centuries ago. One of these includes hay fever, or polynosis. In connection with the approaching season of exacerbations, it was this disease that became a "hero" of a whole series of articles.

On the hay fever, they spoke at the very beginning of the IX century. British Dr. John Bostok expressed the idea of \u200b\u200bthe relationship of certain symptoms with the contact of the patient with Sen. David Blackley in 1879 clarified that the reaction occurs on pollen of plants, which settles, including on dry grass. In 1889, this disease was officially called Polyniasis, from the Latin word "POLLEN", which means pollen.

In the ICD-10, the disease is classified as "allergic rhinitis caused by pollen plants, J30.1", and as synonyms are offered terms "Allergies caused by pollen of plants", "Sennaya fever", "Polynos".

In essence, the "main thing" the name is not entirely correct, since Polynomia is not rhinitis in its pure form, but rather, Ryncoonjunctivitis. But the expression "pollinosis on pollen" is a tautology, speech excess. By and large, terminology is not so important. It is necessary to know in respect of half aulinosis three reference points:

Photo: Birch pollen under a microscope

is inadequate reaction to pollen plantsaccompanied by an acute allergo inflammatory process of mucous membranes;
it has clear seasonality;
manifests itself basically rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

At the moment, the reliable cause of the development of any of the allergic diseases is not named.

However, in the case of pollinosis, its hereditary nature is definitely defined.

It is proved that if both parents suffer from this disease, the likelihood of its development in a child is not lower than 50% if one of the parents is sick - 25%. If the mother and dad are healthy, the risk of the appearance of this pathology is only 12.5%.

In addition to genetic predisposition, the role of the external environment is played:

high concentration of pollen particles in the air in the infancy of the child's life;
infectious diseases of the respiratory tract transferred under the age of 3 years.

The version is considered that there are psychosomatic causes of half ancient, but it has no significant evidence base.

Can house dust pliers cause polynosis?

Call - no, but provoke exacerbation, acting as triggers, yes.

Classification of Polyalozov and their characteristics

At the moment, the most correct and reliable is the classification of EAACI // Wao, Aria 2008, in which two forms of the disease are distinguished - persistent and intermittent Polleoz.

For the first species, the presence of symptoms of more than 4 days a week or more than 4 weeks per year, for the second - less than 4 and 40, respectively.

There is a clinical classification:

polynosis, rincoonnutivinal syndrome presenter;
polynosis with broncho-reduct syndrome (or polynosis with a asthmatic component);
pollnosis with skin rashes and other dermal manifestations.

In addition, it is customary to distinguish between the deaths of the severity of the flow:

Easy. Disease manifestations do not interfere with physical activity and sleep, the need for antihistamine drugs is minimal;
Middle severity. The manifestations of the disease make allergic change the mode of life, can break the dream, the need for antihistamine preparations is significant;
Heavy. The usual mode of life and sleep is violated so much that without antihistamine preparations are almost impossible.

Another classification feature is a stage. Allocate the aggravation and remission of the disease.

Seasonality

Another name of half aulinosis is seasonal allergies. And it is not in vain, since the disease has absolute dependence on the season of the year.

For each of the plants there is a period of "activity" - at the same time allergic is sharpened. Therefore, the term "year-round pollinosis" is incorrect. But the name "Spring Polynomus" quite has a place to be, as well as summer. Can there be pollinosis in winter? As such - no, except if you visit the greenhouse.

It is much more important than such a phenomenon as cross allergies. In this case, the reaction can cause some fruits and vegetables, whose proteins are similar in their structure with pollen. However, the symptoms of this pathology is different.

Total distinguished three periods when the disease can be acted:

Spring. Starts from April and ends by the end of May. The reaction to the pollen of wind-sour trees is developing;
Summer. His beginning in June, and the end - on the delete of July. The body reacts to pollen of cereal herbs;
Summer-autumn. Continues from late July to October. This is the so-called "weed" period.

It is important to understand that in different climatic conditions, the time intervals of flowering of certain plants vary greatly. Therefore, the validity of exacerbations may differ (the spread is up to two to three weeks).

To keep track of when active dusty begins in a particular area, there is a special.

Seasonal triggers full of month

"Polynogenic" plants

There is a non-regular number of plant species - tens of thousands. However, only about 50 of them produce allergenic pollen. The most common disease is. In addition to this tree, the reaction can cause:

Photo: Flowering Birch - one of the strongest triggers full

alder;
leschina (Oshness);
maple;
chestnut;
poplar;
linden;
quinoa;
sagebrush;
ambrosia (in the middle of the XX century there was even an outbreak of the reaction to this plant in the Krasnodar Territory);
timofeevka;
quinoa

- And this is not full list Allergens.

Forecast of dusting for Moscow from pollen.Klub

The main symptoms of Pollinoza

The main manifestations of pollen seasonal allergies

When polynosis, there is a reaction of the hypersensitivity of the immediate type according to the anaphylactic mechanism: the primary allergen hit to the body and sensitization of immunity to it (fixing the immunoglobulin E on the causthing cell receptors) and the IGE-mediated emission of inflammation mediators after repeated contact of the protein with the immune system.

This process is usually in the form of a two-phase reaction: the symptoms appear immediately after contact, and then (second phase) - after 6-8 hours, intensifying and supplemented with new ones.

The most unpleasant feelings are manifested in dry hot weather after wind gusts, in the city. Relative relief occurs after the rain, at night.

Clinical signs

In the symptoms of half theline two main components: rhinitis and conjunctivitis. All other manifestations arise much less often.

Photo: Manifestation of allergy on the mucous

itching, burning in the eyes;
mucous puffiness;
redness;
enhanced tearing;
photophobia;
temporary reduction of vision.

Allergic rhinitis

Symptom complex includes:

itching, burning, tickling in the nose;
skin maceration in the area of \u200b\u200bnostrils (nose with hurts);
sneezing (most often has an attacking paroxysmal character, occurs in the morning hours and when exiting the street);
abundant mucous discharge from the nose against the background of constriction;

On the question of what color snot during pollinosis?

Colorless, watery. If "greens" appears - we are talking about the infectious process.

Most often, the inflammatory process applies to the nose and the rotoglot, the larynx, Eustachiye tubes. From here:

maintenance of ears (rarely) and itching (often), in the event of an allergic tubethite development - crackle in the ears, pain, reduction of hearing;
throat, itching (but the pain in the throat is a symptom of an infection);
cough (it is important to pay attention to that the bronchitis of bacterial or viral etiology is connected with ease);
singing, snoring at night;
reduced sense of smell.

Bronchial asthma

This disease is a "direct continuation" of half theline. Sometimes it develops several years after the debut of the hay fever (without its treatment, and possibly in the presence of therapy), and sometimes the leading syndrome. It all begins as obstructive bronchitis, with time the symptoms are exacerbated. In this case, characteristic:

cough with a sputum, obsessive, parlor, more often at night, under the influence of large doses of allergen, sharp odors;
bronchospasm, which accompany whistling whears and difficulty breathing, especially exhalation.

Skin manifestations

Photo: Harfish

These include:

hives;
peeling skin, irritation;
rash, redness of the skin;
escapes of mucous and subcutaneous fatty fiber.

Other symptoms

Due to the expansion of vessels under the action of histamine, not only swelling can develop, but also:

to appear headache And even dizziness,
less frequent temperature to subfebrile values.

Some patients note anxiety or, on the contrary, apathy, weakness, malaise, increased salivation, nasal bleeding (this symptom is provoked by the forced blowing, but not the main disease). Often there is a breakdown, a decrease in mood, irritability.

Women (most often) can develop a hormonal failure during polyness, breaking the menstrual cycle, to decrease the libido. But these problems are not due allergic component Directly, but psycho-emotional state and decline of the body forces in general.

Increased lymph nodes When polynosis rarely occurs, they are small (up to 10-12 mm), painless, the skin is not changed above them. Usually earnings, submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. However, when this symptom appears, it is urgent to consult a doctor in order not to miss a severe disease.

But if the tachycardia appears, the pressure is reduced, there is numbered language, sweating, sharp weakness, it is necessary to urgently cause ambulance. These symptoms talk about the development of a vital complication - anaphylactic shock.

Photo: angioedema swelling on the face of a boy

To other complications include:

swelling quinque;
sinusitis;
serous otitis of the middle ear;
polyps formation;
attachment of infection;
development of bronchial asthma.

Is it possible to die from half anode?

In exceptional cases - yes. Such is the anaphylactic shock and swelling of Quincke ( urgent states), as well as deferred complications, for example, asthmatic status with bronchial asthma.

Clinical picture of the disease in children, the elderly and pregnant women

Photo: Allergic salute

Children's Polleoz. - This phenomenon is very frequent. In general, the middle age of the debut allergic rhinitisAccording to the national leadership on allergology from 2009 to 30-35 years, but mainly early children (up to 5 years).

Children develop the same clinical symptoms Polinose. Moreover:

A child's condition to rise in temperature, generally defeated, capriciousness can be exacerbated.
Intense skin symptoms often appear, both in the form of urticaria, and in the form of dermatitis, sometimes - diathesis.

But the main difference is the high risk of an allergic march and the rapid (1-2 months) of the development of bronchial asthma. More than adults, other complications are developing.

A characteristic symptom for which you can determine Polynosis in a child is "Allergic salute" - Movement of the palm on the nose is bottom up.

W. pregnant women, due to the decline in immunity and high load on the body, polynomy, akin to children, proceed pretty hard. Complete the situation is the fact that almost all antihistamines, glucocorticoids and asitis are contraindicated during pregnancy. In addition, the risk of attaching a bacterial or viral infection is high.

The last item also characterizes pollinosis in the elderly and in individuals with immunodeficiency. In people over 60, all diseases occur in more erased form than that of young, with a smaller expression of symptoms. At the same time, the likelihood of the development of complications is higher due to the weakness of the protective forces of the body.

(can be enlarged)

The relationship of proteins of pollen and some vegetables, fruits and household allergens makes it possible phenomena of cross-reactivity. The most dangerous in this regard is allergen Birch Pollenwhich are similar in their structure with a dozen other plants.

Common manifestations of cross allergies - oral allergic syndrome, accompanied by burning in the mouth and sip, swelling or edema mucous, itching.
Often join phenomena of food allergies - Nausea, rare vomiting, flatulence, chairs.

By virtue of the high propagation of this phenomenon, the first thing that the person should think about the diagnosis of polynosis is cross-allergy. The cross-allergen or special filter table can help navigate and select a diet in order to eliminate allergenic and dangerous products.

Diagnostics

Photo: Conducting allergic samples in the girl

For accurate diagnosis and selection of proper and effective therapy, it is necessary to contact an immunologist allergist. The main support item for diagnosis is anaman data and symptoms. In case of availability:

a clear connection of the appearance of symptoms with the effects of a certain allergen;
seasonal nature of exacerbations;
deterioration of the state when exiting the street into windy weather, the use of cosmetics and drugs based on vegetable components,

the doctor as a preliminary diagnosis may indicate Polynomus.

The presence of laboratory changes is the first stage of verification of the diagnosis. First take general I. biochemical analysis blood.

Most often, polynomy is accompanied by eosinophilia, which usually appears during the exacerbation of the disease (the same symptom can be revealed in the study of the nasal smear).

However, it is worth noting that the lack of increasing eosinophils is not proof of the absence of allergic rhinitis.

If the analysis was taken to the height of symptoms, an insignificant increase in ESP and C-reactive protein may be observed. Other blood performance during polyness remain unchanged, and if there are changes in them (for example, leukocytosis), then it is necessary to think about the attachment of the infectious process.

Immunogram during polynosis is made to determine the level of IgE. It is usually performed when it is impossible to carry out the skin sample or with its non-informativeness. Analysis is performed different methods (radio allergosorbent, radioimmune, immunofermen, etc.). There is an increase in the level of this indicator, which is also not a specific symptom.

Photo: Rososcopy process

Tool methods Also used to confirm half theline. These include:

rososcopy;
rinomanometry;
x-ray, MRI and CT nasal cavity and nasal sinuses.

However, the main diagnostic method was and remains skin testing patient with pollinosis. It is carried out by using an injection (cushion). Scarification Samples during Polynomias also remain popular today, appliquational, drip, intradermal tests are also used.

In the case of seasonal allergic rhinitis, there are several rules for:

diagnosis can be carried out only outside the exacerbation;
when selecting the Allergens palette, not only a period of exacerbation should be taken into account, but also cross reactivity;
3-7 days before the survey, it is necessary to cancel antihistamines and especially hormonal drugs (depending on the type of drug);
for 1 month, stop the reception of tricyclic antidepressants;
it is important to remember that scarification samples often give false positive results.

There are also except provocative tests with allergens. They are conducted if there are contradictions between laboratory and clinical data, as well as in the process of selection of allergens for ACIT and there are several types:

conjunctival;
nasal;
inhalation;
sublingual;
oral (with food allergens) - to detect cross-allergies. Diagnostics can be carried out only during the period of remission, under the conditions of the hospital under the supervision of an allergist and taking into account contraindications.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of polyness should be carried out with several diseases:

all types of rhinitis (for example, vasomotor rhinitis or pollinosis?);
infectious diseases of the eye and respiratory tract.

Process differential diagnosis Available describe federal clinical recommendations on allergology (Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists, Moscow-2014 g). National leadership recommends differentiate allergic rhinitis from vasomotor, infectious and eosinophilic.

Unlike pollinosis, all of these three kinds debut more often in adulthood, people without burdened allergenose.

In addition, with non-allergic diseases, there are no immunoglobulins in the blood, the skin tests and load tests are negative, and they are not combined with conjunctivitis and are not responding with anti-stamps therapy. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (pollinosis) and allergic rhinitis - differences in the absence of seasonality in the second case.

Methods of treatment Pollinoza

The question of whether Polynosis can be cured, remains controversial. On the one hand, immunotherapy shows stalking results, reducing the severity of symptoms in allergy to 95%. On the other, the effect depends on very many factors: degree of violations, heredity, general condition of the body, age, susceptibility immune system to therapy.

Therefore, it is best to answer like this: in principle, it is possible, but this requires Asit and unquestioning compliance with all the recommendations of the allergist. Anyway, the effect of treatment will be, and the difference is obvious.

Typically, treatment is carried out in outpatient conditions. The hospital sheet can be issued for up to 10 days (with two jaws). In the case of the development of complications, children, as well as, if necessary, the ACITS may be shown to hospitalization in the hospital.

Now it is worth noting that the main goal of treatment is to relieve the symptoms of half aulinosis and control over them. There are supporting points of therapy:

elimination (maximum possible) allergen;
pharmacotherapy;
Asit (preseason prevention of half aulinosis).

Allemination of allergen

It is clear that pollen is almost impossible to completely prevent contamination with the allergen. But there are some rules, the observance of which will help minimize contact with the protein:

do not go outside during the wind, in the midst of the day, in hot weather;
walk in cool, rainy weather;
on the street to wear a medical mask and dark glasses;
after a walk, you need to take a shower, change clothes, wrapping clothes, clean shoes;
avoid traveling to nature;
all windows in the apartment and car hold closed, use air conditioners and air purifiers with filters;
do not use products with cross-allergens;
eliminate phytotherapy, homeopathy;
do not use cosmetics with plants extracts.

Currently, it is possible to hospitalize in special chambers equipped with air filters, modern air conditioning systems that do not allow pollen into the room.

Pharmacotherapy

To date, a three-stage chart of therapy is used - both in children and in adults. Both are shown below.

Adults

For persons over 18 years old at the first stage. For easy degree The severity of the disease:

only antihistamines (both local and systemic) are used.
It is used under sodium (inhalation during polyness with broncho-prestructive syndrome or at bronchial asthma.
Cromoglikati during polyness (inhalation, inside, in the form of spray in the nose and eye drops) Also effective on the first stage. Trade names - Kromegexal, Intal, Nalf, dipole, etc.

Second step:

topical glucocorticosteroids. This includes, for example, Kletenyl, Ingakort, Nazonex.

Third stage:

the combination of topical steroids and systemic antihistamine drugs.
In addition, leukotriene antagonists can be used.

Children

Children's scheme does not differ fundamentally from adult. Union of Pediatricians of Russia and Rahaki in federal clinical recommendations According to rendering medical care Children with allergic rhinitis offer the following option:

with a slight course, preference is worth paying montelukstu or antihistamas;
if Polynosis does not become controlled after 14 days, it is necessary to add and revision of the diagnosis;
treatment should be started 2 weeks before the alleged exacerbation.

Dr. E. O. Komarovsky, speaking, how to facilitate the condition of Polynomia, does not recommend parents to use without consultation with physician medicines (especially immunomodulators, expectorant products, vasoconstrictor drops, etc.).

It encourages elementary prevention rules, use filters, not to air the room in the morning and daytime clock.

Asit.

Photo: French Allergens Birch Stalral - Some of the most popular for ASIT

- This is the most effective method Fighting pollinosis. Treat treatment is necessary 2-3 months before the plant's dusting season. It is necessary to consult with an allergist, to survey and acquire drugs.

The meaning of this technique is to introduce allergen into a sensitized organism in a constantly increasing dose in order to reduce sensitivity to this protein.

Regardless which treatment method was chosen by your doctor, it is imperative to follow all appointments and recommendations, because The absence of therapy (at least symptomatic) leads to:

aggravate symptoms;
progression of disease to severe;
development of complications, incl. Bronchial asthma.

Chronic allergic inflammation of respiratory tract, reversible obstruction (narrowing) of bronchi, both under the influence of trigger factors (allergens, sharp odors, cold air), and without it (under progression). Asthma attacks arise not only soon, but year-round and controlled in inhalation steroids.

Information about asitis from a doctor-allergist

Prevention of hay fever

There is primary and secondary prevention of half aulinosis. The first is suitable for those people who have not developed a disease, but there are predisposing factors, and includes:

reducing the total load with allergenic proteins;
balanced diet;
timely treatment of all diseases;
param suffering from allergic diseases, it is necessary to plan the birth of a child outside the season of dusting.

As secondary prophylaxis (For those who already suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis) are considered, in fact, measures aimed at elimination of allergen. They are discussed above. In addition, it is worth abandoning the use of perfume, cosmetics with fragrances, pet institutions. Indoor plants during polynosis also do not have to breed. Regular wet cleaning is needed.

Prevention of asthma When Pollynoz is a timely adequate treatment, a categorical refusal of smoking, as well as from the uncontrolled use of inhalation glucocorticoids.

Physical exercises When polynosis should not be exhausted, you can not allow shortness of breath, it is unacceptable to perform them outdoors. However moderate exercise stress In the closed air-conditioned hall should be present in order to strengthen the body.

Diet with this disease should exclude all cross-allergens, as well as as a whole to be gentle. Refusal to:

roasted, oily, smoked;
fast food, soda, s excess sweets;
alcohol;
nuts (especially peanuts);
soy products;
fish and seafood.

Food, which includes cross-allergens, should not be used throughout the year, but it is enough to keep a stricter diet only during the exacerbation period.

Where to leave half aoline?

First of all, the most logical option for the trip is to go there, where the plant-provocateur-provocateur (for example, birch) does not grow.

Where to go from half ancode in Russia in this case? Unfortunately, Birch grows throughout Russia, less than it only in the most southern regions. Go to the region, where it is dusting earlier or later, too, it will not work: the scatter of the duration is minimal, the probability of error is very high.

If you want to go from seasonal allergies to the sea, southern countries will suit, for example, Greece, Spain, India. However, it is necessary to be neat with the use of fruits - they can cause a cross reaction.

Answers to common questions

Allergic rhinitis and pollinosis is the same thing?

Is it possible to make anesthesia during pollinosis? It is not desirable, and some species are categorically impossible. Beverages made on the basis of plants with cross-reactivity with pollen allergen should be completely excluded (or on the basis of a plant and being allergen). In addition, alcohol is in principle dangerous in terms of hypersensitivity product.

Is it possible to physiotherapy in the period of exacerbation of half aulinosis?

It is undesirable, except for the introduction of drugs to relieve attacks through the nebulizer. For the treatment of bronchial asthma and bronchological syndrome, electrophoresis and inhalation are used in some cases, but in a "calm" state.

Polynosis is a kind of allergic illness, which in the people wears the name "Hay Fever". The clinical picture is manifested, most often, during the flowering of shrubs and other plants. The disease has no restrictions on age. However, women living in the city manifests itself much more often. If the treatment is not started in a timely manner, allergic can turn into bronchial asthma.

It should be noted that the illness of this type has a genetic predisposition. If such a disease is like both parents, the probability of the pathological process at a child is 50%.

Etiology

The main etiological factor in seasonal polling is pollen of plants. Allergy plants include the following:

poplar;
birch;
sagebrush;
ambrosia;
quinoa.

In addition, the following can be attributed to the etiological factors of allergies:

weakened immune system;
habitat (allergy of this type is found only from urban residents);
viral infections that have not been fully completely;
increased concentration of allergens near a newborn baby.

It should be noted that Polynosis in children is developing only if allergies are observed from parents or immunity is too weakened.

Pathogenesis

Polynosis is an allergy type that is strictly seasonal. People who have increased sensitivity react to the penetration of pollen by an allergic reaction. In the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose there are special receptors and immune cells of macrophages. Upon contact mucosa with pollen, the operation of macrophages is activated, which can lead to the development of an allergic reaction.

Due to the fact that this type of disease is only seasonal in nature, the risk of allergies is only in the spring and summer (beginning of autumn) period.

Symptomatics

It should be noted that the clinical picture of allergy of this type may indicate immediately into several diseases of another type. That is why engage in self-medication, take antiallergenic drugs, not worth it.

In children, the first symptoms of half theline are manifested from 5-6 years. It is determined by the fact that during this period the child is socially active and the likelihood of infection, the weakening of the immune system is more likely.

The initial clinical picture of allergies is manifested as follows:

burning inside eye;
tear;
sense of third-party body in the eye;
photophobia.

These symptoms indicate statiya What can lead to incorrect diagnosis and subsequent treatment.

As you develop allergies, the above symptoms are complemented by such signs:

itching in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nose and nasopharynx;
frequent bouts of sneezing - for one "attack" man can sneeze up to 20 times;
abundant release of fluid from the nose;
feeling pain and discomfort in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nose.

In more complex clinical cases of the manifestation of this allergy, the clinical picture can be complemented by such symptoms of half aulinosis:

nausea;
vomiting;
crash in the ears when chewing food;
total weakness, malaise.

The degree of complexity of the clinical picture largely depends on general status Health. For example, one person allergen can only cause conjunctivitis and sufficiently alone tablets. For another pollen can cause full manifestation Clinical picture and need several drugs for the removal of symptoms.

Symptoms of half theline are manifested only if there is an allergen nearby.

Diagnostics

As a rule, the diagnosis of this type of allergies does not cause special difficulties. To clarify the type of allergen, the patient is introduced a special preparation that provokes an allergic reaction. Depending on the degree of manifestation of allergies on the skin, an estimated diagnosis is made.

Also in the Diagnostic Program mandatory use laboratory methods Research. The standard diagnostic program includes the following:

test for the presence of allergen in the blood;
immunological diagnostics.

In addition to laboratory research methods, an allergic doctor necessarily takes into account the personal and family history of the patient, his history of the disease. Only on the basis of all information received is the final diagnosis and treatment is assigned.

Treatment

Treatment of half aulinosis should go only on the basis of the prescriptions of the doctor. The unauthorized use of drugs (tablets) can lead to complications in the form. It is necessary to understand that polynosis is not treated to the end by any drug or pills. All the more relevant folk remedies.

If a person is pollinosis, the treatment is prescribed to him almost for life. It is almost impossible to reduce the sensitivity to the allergen. Reception of special pills and preparations helps the patient reduce symptoms and lead a more or less acceptable lifestyle.

Allergist can register drugs of such a spectrum:

antihistamine type;
vasomotoring agents.

Treatment of pollinosis in children, except for antiallergenic drugs, implies drugs to strengthen immunity.

In the event that the clinical picture has particularly complex symptoms (as a rule, it is the spring), the patients are prescribed drugs and procedures for intensive therapy. Such clinical measures are aimed at reducing eye and nose.

At the time when a patient has a remission period, specific hyposensibilization can be used. The essence of such treatment of allergies is that the patient is injected with a small amount of allergen. As the body adapting, the dose of such a drug increases. As a result, the body gets used to Allergen and reacts not so acute.

How to treat Polynosa correctly, only an allergist knows. Self-medication is unacceptable here.

Prevention

Preventive measures, with such a type of allergies, distinguish between the primary and secondary type. The primary group is relevant for those in the risk area, but does not suffer from pollinosis. As for the secondary type of prophylaxis, it applies to the patient.

The primary methods of prevention can be attributed to the following:

the fence of a person from potential allergen, especially for pregnant girls;
children must undergo regular examination at the allergist;
contacts with household chemicals should be minimized.

The secondary methods of prophylaxis include the following:

wet daily cleaning;
minimum textiles, carpets in the interior;
minimum use of household chemicals;
it is impossible to make domestic animals.

It is important and how a person feeds. Diet with Polynomia implies an exception to the diets from the sunflower, honey, spices and citrus. Instead, dried fruits and dairy products must be present in the diet.

Forecast

Unfortunately, it is completely impossible to cure polynosis. However, if you eat correctly, follow your health and follow the recommendations of the allergist, then you can extend the remission.

Is everything correctly in the article from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have confirmed medical knowledge

Diseases with similar symptoms:

Migraine is a fairly common neurological disease, accompanied by a pronounced parodious headache. Migraine, the symptoms of which are actually in pain, focused on one half of the head predominantly in the area of \u200b\u200beyes, temples and forehead, in nausea, and in some cases and in vomiting, there is no binding to tumor formations of the brain, to stroke and serious head injuries, although and may indicate the relevance of the development of certain pathologies.

It is difficult to imagine a person who would not love the spring - a wonderful time of the year, when everything just begins. However, pollinosis begins (POLLEN in English -pults) is an allergic disease caused by pollen plants, which is characterized by acute inflammation in the mucous membranes of respiratory tract and eyes.

Seasonal pollinosis, which is called still hay fever, pollen allergies, spring catar, seasonal allergic rhinitis, pollen bronchial asthma- Widespread illness, it can meet every tenth child and every fifth adult. Although Polynosis can develop at any age, most often it is found in children and adolescents. The main manifestations of the disease - itching and redness of the eyes, tear, chihanye and itching in the nose, mucous discharge from the nose, its constitution.

Since the symptoms of seasonal polinosa resemble a cold, often a person thinks - she has witnessed, they say. However, this error can cost much - if you do not treat the disease, then in the next blooming seasons, cough may occur, shortness of breath, the attacks of suffocation - it means that the pollen asthma appeared.

In the development of pollinosis of pollen. Pollen is the smallest grains, varied in structure, shape and sizes containing men's genital cells and intended for their sexual reproduction. Polynosis causes not any pollen, but only possessing certain properties that manifest themselves under certain conditions.

For example, if plants have bright and fragrant flowers (fruit trees, acacia, decorative flowers), then they have a large and adhesive pollen. Insects pollinate, such pollen spread, as a rule, for minor distances, its concentration in the air is small, and allergic to it is extremely rare.

But in wind-poppy plants with small imperceptible flowers without smelling pollen, small, not sticky, with a smooth and smooth surface - it is the cause of allergies, tolerated over long distances. Let's say, ambrosia pollen detects over a distance of more than 500 kilometers from the US coast, where it is the main pollen allergen. And since it is produced in large quantities, it creates a high concentration in the surrounding air.

A common misconception is allergic to a poplar fluff. It is not altogether pollen and, accordingly, is not an allergen. When patients with pollinosis often all dumped on a poplar fluff, the true cause of the cereal herbs blooming at this time.

The emission of pollen from most wind-populated plants occurs in the early morning, but closer to the end of the day its concentration in the air becomes maximum, since the day circulation is stronger. Pollen grains causing allergies are not visible to the naked eye, as their average size is only 20-60 microns. They penetrate deeply in airways and cause the development of an allergic reaction.

In the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the main vegetable allergen is ambrosia.

There are three main types of plants whose pollen causes allergies: trees, cereal and weed herbs. Pollinosis has a clearly repeated seasonality that coincides with the flowering period of plants. In the middle strip and the European part of Russia, three periods of pollinosis flows are noted.

Spring period - From mid-April to the end of May, while the trees are dusting (mostly alder, hazel, birch, poplar and pine).

Summer period - Since the beginning of June until the end of July, "works" pollen of meadow cereal herbs (Timofeevka, oatmeal, hedgehog, mattal, fox, bonfire). It is from pollen of cereals that suffers most of all patients with pollinosis.

Summer-autumn period - From the end of June to early September, we bloom the grasses: comprehensive and marine (wormwood, swan, nettle).

First and basic therapeutic event Any allergic disease is an exception (or maximum reduction) of contact with an allergen. However, during seasonal polling, it means to leave to the other end of the country for the entire period of emission of the pollen of the perpetrator. The point is good, but hardly real. Therefore, it is usually recommended to be less outdoors, keep closed windows in the house and in the car, avoid trips outside the city - in the field, to the forest. Well rest at the reservoirs, there the concentration of pollen is much smaller.

Often not to do without drugs. The main means of symptomatic treatment of seasonal pollinosis are antihistamines. They act on the symptoms of the disease - Chihannier, discharge from the nose, itching in the nose and eyes, eliminate the swelling of the mucous membranes, reduce cough. It is very important to begin treatment with these means as early as possible, since they not only eliminate the manifestations of the disease, but also warn their new appearance.

Taking antihistamine drugs follows the whole season of flowering plants causing polynosis. What drug to choose - the doctor decides. Recently, antihistamines of the new, so-called third generation are increasingly used. These include the Telfast, which is the most modern and one of the most effective tools Fight against allergies.

Telfast is almost deceived side Effects and restrictions in application. Take it once a day. At the same time, the usual dose is 120 mg. An important advantage of this drug: it is not addictive to it, it means it can be used for a long time, and the effect will not decrease. From him I do not want to sleep and does not reduce performance. So we will meet the spring with a smile, not tears.