Update: October 2018

Runny nose, tear, cough - it's not always signs cold illness. In the warm season, especially repeating annually at about one time, these symptoms say that a person has seasonal pollinosis.

Polynomia (from the word "pollen" - "pollen") is called an allergic disease, when in response to the flowering of one or another plant in humans, abundant discharge from the nose, sneezing attacks, dry bakery cough, in some cases - sensation of air deficiency or itchy rash on the skin. Signs of this illness are found in people who have "inherited" defects in certain genes. The disease begins in childhood or adolescence; Women suffer more often. Without treatment, Pollnosis can go into such a serious chronic disease like bronchial asthma.

History opening

Although the ancient Greeks and called the Nectar of the Ambrosia of "food of the gods", the healers of that time, in particular, Galen, already knew that she, as well as many other plants, could cause cough and runny nose. They noticed that these symptoms disappear with the onset of cold weather. It was not possible to treat this disease, and the healers simply transferred information about her to their students.

Only in 1819, Polleoz was officially described by John Bostok, who called him "hay fever." He suggested that the reason lies in the smell of the hay: a runny nose, tear, cough and rash, often accompanied by chills, were observed mainly in the residents of the countryside during the pouch. One smell, he believed, not enough: the disease arises when a person inhales the juice of the caught grass, caught on the dust particles heated by the sun. And only in 1873, Dr. Blackley from Great Britain presented convincing evidence that hay, sunlight and dust are not the causes of half anode - the disease arises as a result of ingressing in the respiratory tract of the pollen of wind-sour plants. It was proved by the experiments on the physician's own body, suffering from such allergies as Pollos.

Why some people quietly work with plants and do not celebrate any manifestations of half aulinosis, while others, even living far from green plantings, begin to sneeze and cough with the onset of heat, it became known relatively recently. Only at the end of the last century were identified genes, the presence of which in DNA determines allergies to a certain pollen. It was also found out that such genes are transmitted, mainly from the mother, at least from the Father. If allergies suffer both parents, the risk of a predisposed child is extremely high. Does he have a disease or not, will depend on the climate of his living (whether "the necessary" plants) and the nature of nutrition are growing (it will get those substances with food, which in the chemical structure is very similar to allergens).

Causes of Pollinoza

The disease occurs in a person who has special "defective" genes when the plant (those plants) begins to bloom (those plants), to which these genes dictate the occurrence of allergies - abnormal immunity reaction. These are representatives of the Flora of the Earth, pollinated by the wind: their pollen consists of the smallest particles, which it is easy to penetrate into the respiratory tract (up to the smallest bronchi), to settle on the mucous membrane of the lips, conjunctiva (this is a peculiar mucosa of the eye), as well as the skin. Immune cells present in the skin and on mucous membranes recognize protein components of pollen, and launch the height of histidine, histamine. This causes characteristic symptoms for half aulinosis.

"Defective" genes are transferred to a child with such a probability:

• 50% - if allergies are both parents;
• 25% - if "wrong" immune reactions are noted only in one of the parents;
• 10% - in the family of parents who are not allergies. This percentage tends to zero if the child grows in an ecologically clean area, born in winter or early spring (when there is no flowering), if it rarely sick with viral infections.

The risk of disease increases (when parents of non-allergy) or the chance that it will leak hard (when one or both parents suffer from this pathology), if:

• the child was born from the mother who suffered an exacerbation of half aulinosis in the last 3 months of pregnancy;
• the child was born in the warm season;
• in the city in which parents with a child live, an environmentally unfavorable setting;
• in the first half a year after birth, there was a release of toxic waste from factories or plants into the air;
• early and not according to the rules, the baby is introduced until the year;
• the child feeds on the products (especially in the halfline season), which are similar to pollen allergens proteins.

Polynosis is a seasonal disease, and it arises from residents of different climatic zones in a different period of time: in the southern regions - before, in the northern - later. Polynosis depends on the standing weather: when it is raining, allergies are not so tormented by people predisposed to it than in dry weather. This is due to the fact that the dry wind transfers pollen into much long distances, and the water, on the contrary, "nails" it to the ground. If the air temperature decreases, suffering from pollinosis becomes easier, since the pollen "goes" from his legs, and does not rise closer to the eyes and respiratory tract. The greatest concentration of allergen in the air is noted before the thunderstorm.

Spring Polleoz is developing mainly in April or early May. Its reasons become pollen of such trees as:

• alder;
• hazel;
• poplar;
• birch;
• linden.

At this time, Pollnosis can be caused by pollen coniferous plants: ate, pine, cedar, fir. Such an allergy develops only in some people, which is associated with a large size of pollen particles.

The next "wave" of the disease begins at the end of May and continues until the beginning of July. During this period, cereal plants are blooming - both cultivated (wheat, barley, rye, oats) and weed (powder, kobyl, hedgehog, wildfish, raygrass, breadth, thymofeevka). Allergies are particularly hard for those who have increased sensitivity of immunity to the listed cultural representatives of the flora and use bread or porridge prepared from these grains. In this case, the allergens fall not only with inhaled air, but also with food: Thermal treatment does not change the composition of molecules to which immunity is "abnormally" is sensitive.

The poplar fluff that flies at this time, in itself it does not cause allergies: it is not pollen poplar, in addition, its size is too large to penetrate the respiratory tract. But this Pooh perfectly transfers pollen to the plants listed above, and because of this, allergic arises.

Most people note the development of pollinosis from the end of July to September (in the southern regions - before the beginning of October). During this period, weeds are blooming: ambrosia, nettle, wormwood, swan.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of half aulinosis are observed every year, almost at the same time. The first symptoms become:

• itching in various sections: in the nose, in the throat, in the ears;
• sneezing attacks;
• an unpleasant feeling in the eyes: tearing, the feeling of itching, sand; Svetobyabyan (this is the beginning of allergic conjunctivitis, which is also called "Polynomus");
• rubber with highlighting a large number of mucous membranes.

After about 8 hours, the disease is complemented by one or more of the following features:

• by the effluent and redness of the eyes;
• an purulent discharge appears from the eye;
• dry bake-up cough;
• difficulty breathing, more often - in the form of seizures of suffocation;
• increasing temperature to low numbers;
• increased fatigue and irritability;
• the appearance on the skin of the wretched or rash as with atopic dermatitis;
• itching genitals;
• symptoms of cystitis: frequent urges to urination, painful emptying bladder, feeling that there is a lot of urine after a trip to the toilet;
• when inhalation pollen rye, oats or wheat, which is combined with the use of products from these crops inside, not only signs of defeat will be observed respiratory tractBut the symptoms saying that there was inflammation and swelling of the dump truck. It is a stomach, nausea, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea.

Which people have plentyness is heavier

The probability that the disease will leak are hard, complicated by inflammation of the incomplete sinuses (sinusitis: sinusitis,), and will also subsequently go into bronchial asthma, higher in such people:

1. who has congenital defects immune system. For example, when a little secretory immunoglobulin A is produced, a substance that stands out together with the secret of the glands and is intended to protect the mucous membranes from microbes, interfering with them to join cells;
2. with acquired immunodeficiency. It is mainly suppressed by the immune system with long or chronic diseases, oncological diseases, treatment of cancer or autoimmune diseases with glucocorticoid hormones or cytostatic drugs;
3. who has removed almonds;
4. who often transfers bronchitis;
5. living in a bad environmental atmosphere;
6. having other allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma.

To all these people, especially if they have 2 or more risk factor, it is impossible to leave pollinosis without treatment: drugs must be appointed by a strictly allergular doctor and take the scheme painted.

Cross allergy

During the occurrence of these symptoms, cross-allergies are easily developed - strengthening the symptoms of pollinosis when antigens having a similar structure with those that cause hypersensitivity. These molecules are mainly entering the body in food. We will look at them in detail in the "Diet" section.

Pollnosis in children

The genetically predisposed childnote of the child whose parents did not move to another climate before his birth or immediately after him, begins to appear in 5-6 years. His symptoms do not differ from those described above.

The disease can also appear before, up to 5-6 years, if the parents bathe a baby in herbs decoctions (turns, chamomiles, oak bark), and he is "spelled in genes" allergic to them. In this case, the mains will be the skin symptoms (rash), the signs of half theline may not appear immediately.

Diagnostics

At the beginning of a person with the symptoms described above (coughing, runny nose, tear), should inspect the ENT doctor. He, having examined the cavity of the nose, the throat and ears eliminate the ARVI and makes a diagnosis of "allergic rhinitis". After that you need to pass venous blood To the level in it is immunoglobulin E (IgE) and turn to an allergist, which will tell how to treat Polynos at this stage.

In the cold season, when the symptoms disappear, it is necessary to visit the allergist again. During this period, the doctor will be able to carry out allergotes (or scarification samples), helping to establish which particular substance is an allergy. Allergotes are concluded in the following: small "notches" with a scarifier will be performed on the forearms of the hands, where after a pin with divorced many times allergens (diluted pollen of weeding herbs, field herbs and so on) - one allergen for each scratch. That allergen that caused persistent redness, consider the cause of the disease. It is better to determine the "causal" allergen. Then it will be possible to go through several courses very effective treatment With it (this treatment of pollinosis in adults is called allergen-specific immunotherapy).

Treatment

Therapy of this disease at first is held for a whole year in a row:

1. in warm time, measures are taken to reduce the severity of the disease;
2. in cold times, "causal" allergen is detected and allergen-specific immunotherapy (ACIT) is carried out.

Only with such an approach can significantly increase the chance to successfully keep polynosis under control, and after 1-2 years of treatment "exit" to the minimum amount of drugs taken at the residual symptoms of the disease.

To reduce the symptoms of half ancondition, treatment includes:

• lifestyle change;
• compliance with diet;
• reception of drugs from half aulinosis.

Let's talk about each item in more detail.

Changing lifestyle

During the exacerbation of half anconde, it is important that there is as little pollen as possible to man. Of course, in the summer, you will not leave the street in the respirator, but you need to remove pollen from the open parts of the body, clothes, the surfaces of the room where the patient lives.

Therefore, in the warm season:

• rinsing of the nose and mouth 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline sea salt, Aqua-Maris, Humer and Other preparations, after returning from the street;
• every day take a shower and wash, especially after returning from the street;
• wet cleaning every day - mandatory;
• room ventilation - at night and after the rain;
• in the hottime of the day, especially when a strong wind on the street, without an extreme need for the street - not to go out;
• during the flowering of plants, ride where there are many of them (for example, behind the city);
• summer holidays - in those regions where there are water bodies and plants causing allergies are not growing;
• the air in the room must be moistened. To do this, you can buy and use the humidifier (or washing) of the air, you can hang a gauze, folded in several layers, on window openings, and constantly make this moisturize and often wash. So humidity will be supported, and pollen will settle, not falling into the room;
• all "dust collectors": carpets, soft toys, feather pillows, dwarf blankets - should be removed from the room.

In the cold season, when it is not necessary to take pills from half ancode, make it possible to strengthen the immunity, because it is its incorrect reaction and causes symptoms of the disease. For this:

• enter the hardening procedures in the routine;
• refuse bad habits;
• find a suitable sport for yourself and do it every day, at least in minimal volumes.

Diet

The essence of the diet under Polynomia is to prevent additional allergens into the body, including potential. For this, for the period of exacerbation, all the "allergenic" products will have to exclude (honey, chocolate, citrus, seafood, cow milk), as well as those to which cross allergies may occur:

Medicia treatment

The main drugs from half aulinosis are those that will block the separation of histamine immune cells (antihistamines). During the period of acute allergies, first-generation drugs are prescribed, most of which cause drowsiness:

• "Diazoline";
• "Supratin";
• "TAVEGIL"

in combination with third-generation preparations that do not cause drowsiness:

• "Cetirizine" of different firms and its analogues: "Zoda", "Zetrin", "L-Tzet", "Zirtek";
• "Fexophast" ("Allegra", "Fexadin");
• "Loratadine" ("Claritin");
• "Erius" ("Eden", "Dzal", "Lordestin", "Disloratadin-Teva").

When polynosis, antihistamines of the first generation are mandatory, at least a small course: they eliminate the disease manifestations well, allowing a person to breathe better. They are accepted for the night. Third generation preparations are accepted in the morning, 1 time per day; Their effect lasts a day.

In severe cases, instead of antihistamine funds of the first generation, a short rate, only under the "cover" of the stomach drugs and omeprazole, are prescribed such funds from half aulinosis as glucocorticoid hormones: "prednisone", "Methipred".

If halfline symptoms are observed for a long time, after the cancellation of antihistamine preparations of the first generation, allergists prescribe a drug that blocks histamine receptors having long action. This is "ketotifen". Its effect starts only after 1-2 months from the beginning of admission, but it warns the appearance of dry cough and shortness of breath, as well as rash, runny nose and tears.

Also need drops from half aulinosis. These are local antihistamines "Cromoglin" ("Kromegexal", "Kromosol"), as well as spray "Allerger", which are buried in the nose. If the allergic rhinitis is complicated by the development of sinusitis, nasal sprays containing glucocorticoid hormones can be assigned to the doctor's prescription: "Baconase" ("Nazarek"), "Avamis" ("Nazarel") and others.

Symptomatic treatment

This is such therapy that is selected depending on the prevailing symptoms:

• with a strong difficulty of nasal respiration, vasoconstrictor drugs are prescribed in the form of droplets: "Lazolvan-Rino", "Nazol", "Nok-Spray" and others. They enjoy no more than a week when breathing is completely difficult due to edema, or when the rhinitis complicated by the sinusitis;
• when symptoms appear bronchial asthma: Difficulties of exhaust, attacks of suffocation, treatment is complemented by leukotriene antagonists - Aclat preparations, Singular;
• when tearing are prescribed eye drops «Ketotifen» in combination with drugs soring eye vessels (Vinner-Allergy)

Homeopathic treatment

Polyanosis treatment of homeopathy does not find approval of official medicine: it is quite dangerous to treat "similar to the like", also at home - so it is possible and worsening its condition (up to anaphylactic shock). This is possible only in experienced qualified homeopath doctors that will actually select the necessary substances in the necessary dosages.

Another thing is to use individual homeopathic drugs To facilitate one or another symptom. So, really have a good action:

• "Euphorbium composite" - to reduce the manifestations of a runny nose;
• "Cinnabsin" or "Sinupere" (better in drops) - to improve the condition in the sinusitis;
• "Bronchlisheel" - to reduce the symptoms of allergic bronchitis;
• NUKS Nomika - to relocate the runny nose and nasal congestion, accompanied by headache.

Interconception

The main therapy used in the cold season is already mentioned above asity. In this case, the person performs allergeros, one or more allergens are detected. Next, of these allergens make a solution with a minimum concentration in it. The solution is first introduced intradermally, in a minimum dosage, in the presence of a doctor (in order to control the absence of anaphylactic shock). Next daily, allergen is administered subcutaneously into all increasing doses. By 14-21, a solution is used with a greater concentration of allergen in it, after time - with even greater. Thus, the body "tears" to this substance and in the period of flowering it already ceases to react so much.

For the treatment of half aulinosis rarely there is enough one course asit. Often, courses are required for several years in a row.

In addition to Asit, another treatment is carried out. Knowing the flowering of plants causing allergy, 2 months before this period begin to take "ketotifen". Sometimes at the very beginning of the flowering period, the injection of the drug "Diprospan" is made once.

What to do with heavy pollinosis

In severe cases, when polynosis is constantly complicated or sinusitis requiring operational treatment, or attacks of chopping, apply additional treatments:

• Plasmapheresis: Selection of a small blood volume with the subsequent return of its own blood cells in the bloodstream. At the same time, the blood plasma in which all antibodies to allergen, histamine and other substances are dissolved, is dissolved and is replenished with saline and colloidal solutions. Thus, the concentration of calleeos of substances in the blood decreases.
• Operations. To reduce manifestations, a partial resection of nasal shells is performed. This endoscopic method is performed, and a laser or impact of liquid nitrogen is effectively used as a "cutting" tool.

If this treatment does not cause the desired effect, you need to change the area of \u200b\u200bresidence.

Features of the treatment of children

Pollinosis treatment in children is based on the same principles as in adults:

1. Walking and picnics - near water bodies, preferably - in the terrain where there is no abundance of flowering herbs and trees. In the summer you can go to the sea.
2. Wet cleaning, wet gauze on the window and night ventilation in the room are mandatory.
3. Important: Swimming in the warm season - after visiting the street, but you can not add herbs champs to the bath. Also, it is not necessary to apply to the care of the skin and hair of funds, which contains herbs.
4. The baby diet is built on the same principles: hyperallergenic products and products that can cause cross-allergies are excluded. IMPORTANT: During half aulinosis, new dishes cannot be introduced (lures). Even children older than 5 years at this time do not let me dishes with seafood, honey, nuts and chocolate.
5. Everything medicia treatment agrees with the doctor, since not every drug can be applied in childhood. But used in children and antihistamines (in syrup), and vasoconstricting drops (in a lesser concentration), and in severe cases - drops based on glucocorticoid hormones, hormone injections. When breathing, wheezing, increasing the number of breathing per minute - hospitalization. "Pollnosis of the eye", that is, allergic conjunctivitis in children is treated only by washing the eyes with a physiological solution or other saline or drug recommended by the children's ophthalmologist.
6. After walking (bury) the nose salt solution - be sure.
7. Preparations made on the basis of herbs should not be applied even during the intercreant period. Especially if the child is still small, and he was not conducted allergile, that is, the source of allergies is still unknown.
8. Asitus in children can be applied from 5 years.
9. Folk remedies and homeopathy for the treatment of pollinosis in children do not use.

Features of treatment during pregnancy

Treat pollinosis during pregnancy is very difficult: almost all drugs are prohibited for receiving during this period. At the same time, the exacerbation of half aulinosis deprives the child of the oxygen part, it can be transferred to him in the form of bronchial asthma, as well as cause premature birth.

What to do? Optimally - change the place of residence at least temporarily, if not all the time to wear the baby, then at least from 30 weeks and for the first few months after childbirth.

If it is impossible, a woman must begin to use drugs in advance, which will capture allergens and not give them to do from the nasal mucosa into the blood. This is "Prevalin Allergy" and "Nazawal Plus". They are used before entering the street. After the street, it is necessary to wash the nose, without swallowing the saline, and is actively playing it. You can even purchase systems for washing a Dolfin nose or Aqua Maris to make this procedure easier.

During pregnancy, only some antihistamines ("Fexophast" and analogs) can also be used in the form of an exclusion and only on the appointment of a doctor ("Fexo-resistant" ("Lazolyvan Rino", and not earlier than 2 trimesters). If Polynosis proceeds with complications, the pregnant will have to go to the hospital and undergo a course of treatment with glucocorticoid hormones and oxygen.

Prevention

Pollinosis prevention lies in the following events:

• accommodation in the city or at sea during the entire period of flowering plants;
• avoiding walks in dry, hot and windy weather;
• exclusion of food that can cause cross-allergies;
• indoor humidification;
• moisturizing mosquito nets or hanging on the vehicles of gauze moistened with water;
• wearing sunglasses;
• getting rid of bad habits;
• cleaning carpets and soft toys from home;
• washing the nose with saline;
• hardening;
• refusal from drying things on the street;
• refusal to contact pets and their feed.

An important measure of specific prevention is to carry out the required amount of ACIT courses. This is especially important to women who are planning pregnancy. The last course of Asitus should end 1 year before the attempts began to get pregnant.

Called back seasonal allergic rincoonunkitititis is a seasonal type disease that occurs due to the allergic reaction of a person to pollen flowering plants. Another famous name of this ailion is a hay.

It is officially known about this disease from the nineteenth century - precisely then, in 1819, a certain doctor John Bostok from England described the disease as a hay fever, suggesting her connection with hay. However, at the end of the same century it was proved that the cause of the development of this disease is pollen of plants.

To date, Polynosis is one of the most common diseases of an allergic nature. Specialists argue that he is subject to a fifth of all residents of the world. The cause of allergic rinkonjunctivitis is small pollen plants who are pollinated by wind. Such plants are about fifty species today. As a rule, the disease manifests itself in people up to the fifty-year-old age, at a later age, people are practically not subject to pollinosis. In general, the symptoms of the disease are manifested in those patients who have previously had a tendency to . Due to inhalation of pollen plants, many systems in the body are affected. For the disease, the manifestation is strictly seasonal.

Symptoms Pollinoza

Under the influence of allergen, in this case - pollen occurs inflammatory process In the mucous membrane of the nose. In the nose there is a mucous membrane, the main function of which is the removal of any particles from exhaled air in order to prevent them in lungs. Singing on the mucous, particles of pollen plants and cause allergic manifestations.

Thus, the human immune system reacts to a "collision" with pollen plants. Symptoms of this ailment, as a rule, become rubble , violation or absence capabilities nose , itching eyes , nose , sky Elevated separation of saliva . From the nose there are watery allocations. A person also has common symptoms of half aulinosis: high level of fatigue , irritability , bad , weight loss . With allergic rhinconunctivitis, other organs may be affected. It is very important to distinguish the symptoms of half theline and the manifestation of the usual colds .

Before starting the attack of half aulinosis, the patient often appears multiple sneezing due to irritation of the pollen mucosa: sometimes patients sneeze several tens of times. As long as the impact of pollen on the mucous membrane continues, a person has a runny nose.

In most cases, this disease begins in children's or an adolescent age. Undeside Bole often strikes boys. Depending on the individual characteristics of each organism, the symptoms may be more severe or manifest itself less pronounced. It happens that a few years later the disease passes, however, in many cases, polynosis is manifested throughout life.

Causes of Pollinoza

In particles of pollen of plants, men's germ cells are contained. Pollen for the fertilization of eggs to other plants spread the impusts of the wind or insects. It is pollen that falls on plants with wind, and is the most threatening allergen for patients with pollinosis. In the atmosphere during the flowering of plants, such pollen is just a huge amount. At the same time, it provokes the occurrence of pollen's allergic reactions from the plants very common in our country. In the countries of Europe, the most common cause of this allergic illness is pollen of herbs.

The season of active manifestation of pollinosis occurs during the ripening period of pollen, which directly depends on the weather conditions. So, if the spring months were cold, then pollen can be mature later. So-called " pollinosis season "It comes in different stans depending on geographic differences: in the south - earlier, in the north - later.

Also, the presence of pollen in the air directly depends on the climatic conditions at the moment. So, the most high concentration Pollen in the atmosphere is observed in dry days with enough windy weather. Warm air flows in such a period can carry pollen into very long distances, then lifting it high, then lowering below. If the air temperature drops sharply, the pollen falls down, as a result of which the peculiar clouds of pollen occur at the bottom, close to the surface. If the weather is windless or rain, the content of pollen in the air significantly decreases. The concentration of pollen in the air before the start of thunderstorms increases. Polynomus can manifest itself and as a result of the impact on the man of mold mushrooms present in the air.

Plants provoking pollinosis

Dangerous from an allergic point of view are plants that are pollinated by wind. This is a series of deciduous trees, weeds and cereals. Extremely rarely polynosis provokes the pollen of coniferous trees. The most highlyworthy is the pollen of Oshness, alder, oak, clear, birch. Among herbs allergies cause pollen of oatmeal, wildfish, tymothy, breadth and other weed herbs. Also in recent months of summer and in the first months of autumn, hazardous grass in the pollen: wormwood, nettle, winged, ambrosia.

Diagnosis Pollinoza

Due to the fact that the symptoms of this disease appear seasonally, its diagnosis does not provide special difficulties for specialists. Considering which period the attacks manifested themselves, the doctor helps the patient to establish, the bloom of which plant acts on a person in this way. However, it should be noted that people susceptible to allergic reactions to plant pollen are very rarely suffering from one defined form of pollen.

When diagnosing is sometimes necessary to study the content of the discharge from the nose. When polynomotia is present, as well as, that is white blood cells who take part in allergic reactions. Also for the diagnosis and establishment of the form of pollen provoking such a reaction, skin samples are taken.

Treatment Pollinoza

To facilitate manifestations, a cold and itching patients prescribe antihistamine Preparatoin . It should be considered that similar medicinal products Cannot eliminate swelling. Such drugs, as a rule, have a sedative impact on a person, so patients quite often in the treatment process complain about fatigue and. Today there are a number of antihistamine funds ( ,), very effective in the process of treating this disease.

To remove the emerging swelling, patients with pollinosis are prescribed anti-ebbing agents. They affect the vessels in the nasal mucosa, narrowing them. Such means are produced in the form of droplets in the nose, and they act very quickly. But at the same time, the effect of applying such a medicine is maintained relatively short time, as a result of which the drugs need to be applied very often. Such an approach may some time significantly reduce the effectiveness of such funds. In this regard, such drugs are recommended to receive for no more than two weeks. Such medicines after their reception can affect , increasing it. Therefore, people with elevated blood pressure should be very careful about their reception. Often, anti-ethnic effects and antihistamines are prescribed in the complex.

Subject to regular use antiallergic drugs Effectively prevent alllation histamine and other chemical mediators. However, this means should be used before the beginning of an allergic principle. So, people who have every year seasonal pollinosis associated with the flowering of herbs should begin receiving such drugs in early May. Those who suffer from the reaction to pollen flowering trees should begin receiving antallergic drugs in February. Such drugs are used in the process of children's therapy.

If all attempts to treat the disease in the media described above did not make a proper effect, then the doctor may appoint a reception corticosteroids . Such drugs affect the formation of mucus and edema, reducing such manifestations. Corticosteroids are prescribed during half aulinosis to reduce its attacks. Such drugs should be taken long before the start of flowering in the same way as anti-allergic means. Side Effects In the process of treatment, half ancode such drugs, as a rule, do not provoke. The use of corticosteroids is justified in particularly severe cases.

Today, allergen-specific is also actively used for the treatment of this disease. The human body suffering from pollinosis is introduced, which was made from pollen plants that provoke an allergic reaction. Vaccine doses gradually increase that in the end causes a peculiar "addictive" to pollen. Such treatment is carried out only by an allergular specialist. It should be regularly applied for several years, vaccination should be carried out during the period when flowering is not observed. To date this method It is considered in almost the only way to achieve a long-term remission and to prevent the development and complication of pollinosis.

Also doctors recommend applications climatotherapy . In the presence of such a possibility, it is recommended to leave for a period of flowering plants this climatic zone to prevent the contact of a person with pollen causing an allergic reaction.

The doctors

Medicine

Prevention Pollinoza

To prevent the development of pollinosis during the flowering period, a number of simple rules should be observed. So, the patient follows the opportunity to stay at home in the period up to eleven o'clock in the morning. It is not recommended to ride a city for the city during this period. In the house of the window it is advisable to curtain a very small grid and throw away all the dry bouquets. Before entering the street, it is necessary to capture sunglasses, and at home, after returning from the street, to immediately wash the nose and eye mucosa. People prone to allergies should not be used with cosmetics, shampoos, soaps made on the basis of plants-allergens. Similarly, you should not use food from these plants. Long before the beginning of the flowering season, you need to go through the course of medicines appointed by the doctor.

Diet, Power Options

List of sources

• Goryachkin L. A. Polynozha: studies. Manual for doctors / L. A. Goryachkin, E. V. Perevokova, E. V. Khramtsova. - M., 2004.
• Gushchin I.S., Kurbacheva O.M. Allergies and allergenspecific immunotherapy. - M.: Farmalarus Print Media, 2010.
• Patterson, R. Allergic diseases: Diagnosis and treatment / R Patterson, L.K. Grammer, P.A. Greenber Her P.a; M.: Eotar Medicine, 2000.
• Goryachkina L. A., Ponzova E.V., Astafieva N.G. Clinical allergology and immunology / ed. L. A. Goryachkina, K.P. Cashkin. - M.: Miklash, 2009.

Education: She graduated from the Rivne State Basic Medical College in the specialty "Pharmacy". He graduated from Vinnitsa State Medical University. M.I.Pirogov and internship at its base.

Work experience: From 2003 to 2013 - she worked on the posts of the province and the head of the pharmaceutical kiosk. He was awarded diplomas and signs of distinction for many years and conscientious work. Articles on medical themes were published in local publications (newspapers) and on various Internet portals.

Polynosis, which is differently called "hay fever", seasonal or rinkonjunctivitis - a disease that occurs in 30% of the population, more often in children or women of reproductive age.

Allergologists believe that Palleoz is developing due to the influence of negative environmental, seasonal, climatic and geographical factors.

Municipal residents suffer from Polynomia. Heredity also plays a negative role in the origin of half aulinosis. If the father and mother are susceptible to allergies, in a child, Polynoma appears in 50% of cases, if the allergy manifests itself in one parent - 25%.

Also, polynosis occurs if no parent is allergic - then allergic diseases appear in 10% of children.

Factors of formation of half aulinosis as a child:

• environmental pollution with antigens causing allergic reactions;
• defective nutritional diet;
• multiple ORVI.

Polynosis has a cyclical process: Allergen appears - Polynomotia is becoming sharpened, the stimulus disappears - Polynomus moves into the stage of complete or incomplete remission.

The disease is caused by allergic manifestations of pollen of plants. The accumulation of pollen grains is considered a strong allergen. This means that highly sensitive people in contact with pollen cannot protect against the symptoms of seasonal allergies.

With polynosis, the mucous membranes of the eye, the upper respiratory tract, and sometimes leather are pretentiously affected. Other systems of organs suffer less often during polyness, manifesting allergies on food, bladder inflammation and other pathologies.

As for the "hay fever", then this name came to us far from the past. Initially, the doctors believed that the beveled hay affects the pathological process.

There is its own truth in this: the hay kost in the initial period of the flowering of ambrosia, because of which many people suffer from allergic manifestations, and it was rarely a fever among allergies.

Manifestations of half aulinosis:

• allergies of skin cover;
• inflammation of the outer shell of the eye;
• bronchitis of allergic type;
• swelling of the nose, face and eyes;
• "Dry mortgage" of the nose;
• sneezing, cough;
• acute lack of air;
• impaired sense of smell;
• unpleasant irritant feeling of burning, showing;
• skin rash of different character.

Causes of pollinosis development

Pollen plants acts as a strong allergen, and this serves as the main factor in pollinosis. Plants, during the flowering of which it is noticed by hypersensitivity and the disease is exacerbated, divided into cereals, weeds and trees.

Pollen, which is noticeable only under a microscope, settled on the skin and falling into human mucous membranes, causes the organism allergic reactions.

Plant flowering time intervals:

1. Mid-End of Spring: Trees are actively blooming in the midst of spring. Often pollen poplar, oak, hazel, birch, alder is a strong allergen;
2. June-July: On this time cut, plants of the family of cereals are blooming. The most famous allergens are mattal, grain crops - rye and wheat, as well as oatmeal, breadthing, drinking, frowning, rhigrass, hedgehog. Most often, people who live on the outskirts of the city or rural residents suffer most often;
3. August-September: Active antigens are weeds - winch, Timofeevka, Ambrosia, wormwood.

Polynosis is felt depending on the weather. If the street is windy and dry, the accumulation of pollen in the air increases, therefore, allergic symptoms are enhanced.

If the weather is raining and raw, pollen in the air is smaller, it means that Polynosis is not manifested by a strongly pronounced clinical picture.

Sensitization on a certain type of pollen is individual: Some people suffer from allergies to ambrosia - the most malicious grass for allergic grass, others feel discomfort relative to the increased sensitivity on sunflower and corn.

Special attention should be accepted on phytopreparations. Young parents often treat children medicinal fees. For example, exudative diathesis is considered to be the type of allergic skin pathologies.

To make the prevention of the disease, the baby bathe in a series or chamomile. Both comprehensive plants contain a large amount of pollen. If the child is predisposed to allergies, his condition deteriorates.

Using a chamomile enema, washing the eyes with an infant of the chamomile, the use of hill tea also leads to the symptoms of allergies. in which the accumulation of pollen grains is present, is a strong allergen, representing the danger of human health.

Sometimes during the flowering of plants of the Astrov family, the development of cross-allergies occurs. Allergies are contraindicated with nuts, mustard, drink champagne, vermouth. These products provide a threat, starting with urticaria, ending with anaphylactic shock and swelling.

Manifestations Pollinoza

On the initial stage Polynosis is manifested by such symptoms like: tearing, runny nose, narrowing of bronchi, strong itch In the nasopharynk, barking of sneezing with nasal mortgage.

Then the second stage of the disease occurs when dysfunction of hearing pipes and mucous nasophases appear, which is characterized by voting weight and feeling of soreness in the ears.

Common signs of halfline:

• which is accompanied by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, embezzlement, edema in the nose, transparent mucous discharge, decrease or loss of smell, permanent sneezing, the mainstream of the ears;
• It combines with tearing, painful sensitivity of the eye to the light, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye, the unpleasant feelings in the eyes.
• if allergic rhinitis is combined with allergic conjunctivitis, it generates rONINONUNUKOLIT - The shape of eye and nasal allergies;
• It is found in 25% of patients. Chronic illness The respiratory tract is expressed by cough, attacks of suffocation, shortness of breath, wheezing in lung, frequent breathing, tachycardia;
• skin manifestation of pollinosis: different types rash skin itch, urticaria, subcutaneous edema.

It happens that Polynosis is characterized by organic disorders gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and also expressed by "pollen intoxication" - the patient becomes irritable, quickly tired, the appetite decreases, absorbs depression, the attacks of migraine appear, which indicates insomnia, weakness, sweating.

Sometimes the body temperature rises to 39 degrees. When swallowing pollen (for example, using honey), nausea and vomiting with strong abdominal pain appears.

As for half aulinosis in children, the disease is often disguised in nature. It happens that the child lays their ears, which leads to a complete or partial loss of hearing, while there are no other manifestations of half aulinosis.

Often, children indicate the symptoms: minor redness of the mucous eye, frequent hosion of the nose. Upon pollutation, some children suffer from severe bronchial asthma form, but without a cold.

All of the above pathologies are manifested at the same time, successfully eliminated by.

Often, the hormonal restructuring of the body of a woman is influenced by the appearance of half theline, especially if the first 12 weeks fell out on the season of flowering plants.

Polynosis in pregnant women is manifested by a runny nose and problems with eyes, sometimes bronchial asthma develops.

It happens that Polynosis is fully cured after delivery and no longer reminds of itself. It happens on the contrary: a woman since childhood suffers from allergic manifestations, but being pregnant, there is no pollinosis.

From here we can conclude that the change in the hormonal background affects each woman in different ways.

The child of any age is subject to pollinosis, but especially often the disease develops in children 4-8 years. If in infant age, the child was diagnosed or diathesis was probably a sign of further manifestation of half aulinosis.

A greater percentage of children who fed, suffering from the disease, rather than kids on breastfeeding. Boys Polynosis develops more often than girls.

Pollinosis manifests itself in children with allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rhincoonjunctivitis, bronchial asthma (rarely), skin allergies.

Allergic rhinitis is manifested:

• sneezing attacks;
• feeling of nasal congestion;
• mucous secretions of transparent consistency without odor.

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in children:

• unpleasant sensations, including the territory of the mucous membranes of the eyes;
• tear;
• feeling pain, cutting in the eyes.

Bronchial asthma is expressed:

• the presence of discomfort in the chest;
• attachs of suffocation, shortness of breath;
• dry cough syndrome.

Manifestations of allergy on the skin:

• nutty rash;
• desire to scratch;
• skin swelling and subcutaneous fatty fiber;
• contact dermatitis of an allergic nature.

If the above syndromes appear, the child is worried:

• constant was getting tired;
• attraction to sleep;
• sleep disorder, appetite;
• weight loss;
• violation of cardiovascular rhythm.

Diagnostics

In order to put the correct diagnosis and do not confuse polynosis with pneumonia, sharp bronchitis, ORZ, it is necessary at first symptoms to consult a doctor.

Pollnosis is diagnosed in several stages:

1. Collect anamnesis from the words of the patient. If a child suffers from pollinosis, parents ask about the development of the disease. Correct the disease since the time of the year and the season of flowering plants, the pollen of which is most often caused by allergic manifestations. Then they advise the otolaryngologist and an ophthalmologist. Based on the data, it is assumed that a person is ill with Polyniasis;
2. Looking for an allergen, conducting skin samples (contraindicated during the exacerbation of the disease and children up to 3 years), determine the blood antibodies responsible for allergic reactions (specific IgE) conduct immunoblotting ( additional method pollinosis recognition - inclusion in the airbone pollen allergenic plants), adults are carried out provocative tests (the allergen is injected into the shock organ);
3. At the final stage, the doctor conducts an assessment of the severity of the state. Depending on the mild, moderate or severe pollinosis, an individual treatment of the patient during the exacerbation and remission is developed.

Treatment Pollinoza

Only a highly qualified allergist-immunologist will tell you how to treat Polynomus correctly, because if you have self-treatment, there is no likelihood in curing: Each medicine acts individually, and choose the right, based on diagnostics, can only doctor.

In order to eliminate allergic symptoms, you need to use drops or sprays.:

• hormonal - Avais, Baconase, Nazex, Taped Nazal, Nazorla, and Ot.;
• vasoconducting - sanarin, Nazol-Baby, Tizin, Xylen, etc.;
• combined (in the composition of the antihistamine drug) - vibration, allergel, phenyatil;
• moisturizing - Humer, Dolfin, Akwalor, Salin (based on sea water).

Symptoms of conjunctivitis will help to remove drops and ointments.:

• the hormonal ointment based on prednisolone will remove inflammation, remove itching;
• eye drops from allergies - Lecrolyn, Okumyl, Kromegexal;
• if an infection is joined, an antibiotic is dripped into the eyes - Sofradex;
• caution prescribes grasses of grass-antiseptics: chamomile, calendula.

Skin allergy is removed:

• antihistamine ointment - phenyatil;
• hormonal ointment - hydrocortisone;
• baths with oak bark brands, chamomile.

Medicinal products local action use only with low-rise pollinosis or part comprehensive treatment. To systematically get rid of allergies, antihistamine medicines are used, which block the release of free histamine and do not allow allergies to move into a serious degree.

Depending on the individual characteristics of the patient, antihistamine drugs of different generations are used:

• 1 generation -, - preparations with sedative, sleeping pills;
• 2 generation - Loratadine, phenyatil, Claritin - I do not act as a sleeping bag, but the reception of these medicines has a negative impact on the heart;
• 3 generation - zetrin, cetirizine - valid for a long time, devoid of side effects;
• The 4th generation - Erius, Ksizal, Ebastin - when using these drugs, it is allowed to even drive a car, do not act on the reaction rate, do not oppress the nervous system.

If you need to stop the bouts of bronchial asthma, system hormones intravenously and in the form of inhalations are used. In addition to helping the inflammation of the respiratory tract, hormonal therapy is used when pollinozda of severe, if a state of life threatening is an angioedema edema.

Immunotherapy gives a positive effect in the treatment of half aulinosis. It is impossible to adjust the immune system when exacerbating the disease, it is desirable to treat late autumn, in winter or early spring.

Prevention

People risk groups advise:

• balanced to eat;
• observe sleep and rest mode;
• live in environmentally friendly areas;
• plan your pregnancy not in the flowering season;
• select the place of residence away from allergenic plants.

If Polyniasis has repeatedly manifested itself in a patient, doctors recommend:

• limit or prevent contact with the allergen up to departure for flowering time to another climatic zone;
• control the content of dust and pollen at home - use filters, cleaning air and humidifiers;
• less often walk during the flowering stage of plants;
• rinse the nose, rinse the throat, wash your hands after the street;
• observe in order to avoid cross-allergies;
• remember about the treatment scheme during exacerbation.

Video

Pollinosis (from lat. Pollinis - dust, pollen) pollen allergy, hay runny nose, chronic allergic disease caused by pollen plants and manifested by allergic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, mainly nose (seasonal runny nose) and eye (conjunctivitis). Polynias belong to the number of the most common allergic diseases in children. They suffer from 4.8 to 11.8% of children. And although pollen allergies can manifest itself from a child in the second year of life, the disease often remains not diagnosed.

The reasons

The development of pollinosis is determined by sensitization - increasing the sensitivity of the body to the effects of any environmental factor, in this case to the pollen of plants, and depends on which plants grow in this climatic zone. In the middle lane of Russia, three main flowering periods are distinguished:

• spring - April-May: In the air there is pollen of trees (birch, alder, oak, hazel, etc.);
• summer - June-July; In the air - pollen of cereal herbs (turbine, dusty, oatmeal, hedgehogs, breadstop, Timofeevka, etc.);
• late summer, or summer-autumn, associated with the flowering of comprehensible and marine plants (wormwood, swan, ambrosia).

Pollen of these plants is widespread in our region. Its dimensions are extremely small - from 10 to 50 microns. It stands out in huge quantities and easily spread with wind.

In the emergence and development of allergic reactions, heredity plays an important role - the transfer from parents to the child genes responsible for the predisposition to allergies. If only the mother is sick, the gene is transmitted in 25% of cases if the father and mother are 50%.

Development

The mechanism for the development of allergic reactions in the child predisposed to them can be launched at any age. Pollen enters the body through the respiratory tract or eyes and settles on the mucous membrane of these organs. In order to develop allergies, enough insignificantly small doses of pollen.

First, the body of the allergen recognition of the immune system cells and the development of protective substances (antibodies) against this alien agent is the so-called sensitization phase. Externally, it does not manifest anything, and can pass a lot of time since the first contact with pollen to the development of signs of the disease. For example, last year the child did not react to the flowering of plants, but pollen fell into the body. And this spring, with the first blooming kidneys, the kid had a re-meeting with an allergen, due to which the cells of its immune system were isolated by specific substances (histamine, cytokines, etc.), causing allergies and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Polleoz evolved. This is called a permit phase or disease manifestation.

Symptoms

This disease has a clear seasonality, repeating from year to year and coinciding with a period of flowering of certain plants. Symptoms of half theline are most intensively expressed in the morning clock during the period of the maximum concentration of pollen in the air.

Appears allergic conjunctivitis 1 (tear, light-friendly, expressed redness of the mucous membrane, sharp itching and edema, the feeling of sand in the eyes), combined with allergic runny nose (Itching in the nose, disruption of nasal respiration, abundant liquid transparent discharge from the nose, barking sneezing - from 10 to 30 sneezing in a row).

The child breathes his mouth, wrinkles his nose, rubs him with his palm, why a transverse wrinkle appears on it.

The lesion of the mucous membrane of the nose is usually bilateral. The swelling of the mucous membrane leads to a decrease in hearing, smell, the appearance of headaches. Unlike acute respiratory viral infection (OPBI) When polynosis rarely noted the rise of temperature and weakness, there is no sharp, redness, rarely an increase is noted lymph nodes (ear, submandibular, etc.).

However, if at this moment the kid will get sick of ARVI, signs of allergic rhinitis will only increase, the period of recovery and will reduce the effect of medicinal anti-allergic drugs.

Severe manifestation of half aulinosis is bronchial asthma 2, usually combined with an allergic runny nose (rhinitis) and allergic. Signs of pollen asthma are typical for asthma in general: attacks of suffocation, whistling breathing, wheezing, are heard even at a distance.

The above-mentioned manifestations of half theline can be joined headache, weakness, sweating, drowsiness, irritability and plasticity, octvitations, temperature rise, increased fatigue.

Diagnostics

If you suspected an allergic disease in a child, first of all you should refer to the pediatrician to eliminate similar manifestations, but not allergic diseases (ARVI, inflammation of the bronchi -).

In the case of an allergic disease, the allergologist-immunologist is being treated in the district or in a large multidisciplinary children's medical institution.

Diagnosis of the disease consists of two stages. The first stage includes a thorough poll of the parents about the development of a child who suffered from diseases, etc., then the child's inspection, laboratory methods Studies of its blood, nasal mucus, etc. The second stage is the detection of allergen, in this case the plant. It is better to spend in the winter, after treatment and reduce (or lack of signs) of the disease. At this time, samples with allergen substances are carried out, determine the content of specific protective proteins of the immune system (immunoglobulins of class E).

All allergic examination techniques can be carried out outpatient. Hospitalization in the hospital is required only in the case of emergency condition, for example, a strong attack of bronchial asthma.

Samples on allergen

The simplest and most affordable method of detecting allergen are scarification 1 tests And their version in the form of dough by shovel. They are held only in winter, no earlier than ten days after the end of the reception of antiallergic drugs.

The technique is such: droplets of different allergens prepared by industrial path are applied to the hands (forearm), and scratches or injections are made. Through the damaged skin, the alien substance penetrates into the body, and after 20 minutes the doctors estimate the size of the blisters formed on the site of scratches. The "guilty" allergen will cause the formation of the biggest blister.

Such samples are possible only for children over 5 years old, since small patients can not be fixedly sitting 20 minutes while samples are sampled.

An alternative method for identifying the causal allergen is blood research to determine the content of specific protective proteins of the immune system in it (Class E immunoglobulins) produced on one or another pollen.

This method can be carried out yearly, regardless of the condition of the child and the treatment used on another disease, and is the only method that detects the source of allergies in small children.

In general, allergic examination of a patient with pollinosis of a child is recommended to be carried out every 2-3 years, since the spectrum of allergens may vary with time.

Treatment

For the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of half aulinosis, the easiest, safe, I. Effective reception is to eliminate the action on the body of the identified allergens and drug therapy. If the effectiveness of these actions was insufficient, then the issue of conducting allergensphic immunotherapy (ACIT) is considered.

Elimination (elimination) Action on the body of causal allergens (pollen)

In the season of flowering, it is recommended to give up walks outside the city, do not go out into the street in hot windy weather, take walks after the rain, on cloudy days - when the pollen is nailed to the ground, - clean and moisturize the air in the apartment. To protect against pollen, it is recommended to pull on the window openings of the grid. They must be regularly saved and periodically change or washed.

Going out to the street, you should use.

After the walk, rinse your eyes and the nose with water, change the upper clothes.

If there is an opportunity, then during the flowering period, you should change the climatic zone to the one where the flowering has already ended or has not yet begun.

During flowering, the causal and significant plant should be followed by a strict specific hypoallergenic diet 1. This is due to the fact that the fruits of related plant species may aggravate the manifestations of allergies associated with pollen. For example, during the flowering of trees (April-May), children having allergies to their pollen are categorically prohibited by eating fruit (apples, pears, cherries), berries and products of their processing (juice, jam, jams) (see Table. one). Children with pollinosis are undesirable to use honey and medicinal preparationscontaining the components of herbs.

Medical treatment methods

In the treatment of pollinosis, drugs are used that suppress allergic inflammation or reduce the power of external manifestations of the disease. Apply them follows the entire period of flowering daily, otherwise the next season the disease will repeat and continue to progress.

Typically, treatment starts with reception antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs. They apply only against one of the substances responsible for the allergic reaction - histamine, which causes such symptoms of the disease, like sneezing, itching and nose, watery discharge from the nose. If there is an edema of the nasal mucous membrane and its constitution, assignment is required vesseloring drugs. They narrow the vessels of the mucous membrane, reduce the edema of the tissue, restore the nasal breathing. Apply them in the form of droplets or in the form of an aerosol, but no more than seven days in a row.

In cases where the above therapy is ineffective, assign hormonal drugs (glucocorticoids) local action in the form of aerosols (in the nose, eyes, bronchi), which have the opportunity to effectively suppress the process of inflammation and the production of substances that are mounted in the development of pollinosis. In addition, the hormonal drugs of local action do not fall and blood flow, and to improve the condition of a fairly short-term course of treatment. Therefore, the risk of development side phenomena In this case, the minimum.

Possible options for intolerance of related vegetable allergens, food products and vegetable preparations during polyness.

When taking hormones, anti-allergic (antihistamines) drugs can be administered, especially in cases where the nasal is prevailing.

For prevention The exacerbations in advance (2-3 weeks before the estimated period of flowering) are prescribed edges of croglikats, or antihistamines, cromoglycats in the form of dry and wet aerosols in the eyes, nose, bronchi, which prevent the development of an allergic reaction, blocking the cells of the body from which they could stand out Substances leading to allergies. Therefore, they should be appointed 10-15 days before the expected start of exacerbation, and apply throughout the season (several months daily several times a day). After the start of the exacerbation, they are ineffective.

Best preventive method Treatment of half theline is asit.

AllergegenSpecial Immunotherapy (Asit). This is the only way to achieve a change in the body response mechanism on an allergen. Therapy allows you to prevent the transition of light forms of the disease in heavy, reduces (or even completely eliminates) the need for drugs. After its completion, it is possible to achieve many years of remission, which cannot be achieved by the reception of drugs. But children can be carried out, only since seven years old.

This treatment method consists of an introduction to the body of the increasing doses of the "guilty" allergen. ACIT is carried out during the lack of manifestations of the disease (remission).

In the pollen allergic rhine, the holding of the Asit is starting from October-November and finish treatment two weeks before the start of blossoms of causal plants. The course is partly carried out in the hospital (2-3 injections of Allergen daily within 2-3 weeks), partly in the clinic (1-2 injections per week for 1-2 months).

Thus, we see that halflinosis treatment is divided into treatment of exacerbation of the disease and prevention.

At the exacerbation, first of all antihistamines and local hormonal agents are prescribed (in the nose, eyes). The manifestations of bronchial asthma are treated with the appointment of bronchus-wide drugs and local hormonal means.

Complications

Hymorit - Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. It may develop due to edema of the nasal mucosa, which is why the outflow of mucus from the sinuses is disturbed and their inflammation occurs.

Many people of our planet suffer from the disease of the immune system, such as allergies. Allergy is an increased sensitivity of immunity to the impact of allergen, which healthy man Does not cause reactions.

What it is

Polleoz is allergic reaction The body of a sick person on the impact of pollen plants during flowering period, which has a clearly repeated seasonality and manifested in the main inflammation of the mucous eye and respiratory tract.

In addition to this term, this disease is also called:

• hay fever;
• pollen rinopathy;
• spring Qatar;
• pollen bronchial asthma;
• allergic rhincoonuncititis.

The most correct term characterizing this disease is the term "pollinosis", since this type of allergies may have except more common symptoms, polyvisceral manifestations (symptoms of skin leshes, internal organs, swelling quinque).

Causes of appearance

Since this disease is an allergic reaction, which provokes the pollen of wind-sour plants, it is the main cause of the disease.

With the breath of pollen enters the oral and nasal cavity, settled on the mucous membranes.

In a healthy person, such penetration will not cause any manifestations, and in a person having increased sensitivity to allergens of this kind, the symptoms of half theline appear.

Plants, for pollen whose most often there are manifestations of this disease:

1. trees during flowering (poplar, birch, maple, hazel, alder, Iva, Elm, Lilac, etc.);
2. trees in the period of leaf fall (since pollen is contained not only in inflorescences, but also in stems and leaves);
3. cereals, meadow herbs (drinking, oatmeal, hedgehog, Timofeevka, etc.)
4. flowers (valley, chrysanthemums, velvets, buttercups, asters, cornflowers, etc.)
5. weeds (wormwood, swan, ambrosia).

The manifestation of this disease can be connected with the meal of vegetable food products, which contain antigens with pollen plants (honey, sunflower oil, apples, watermelons, melons, nuts, etc.).

Treatment with grasses based on herbs can also cause an aggravation of the disease.

Symptoms

As a rule, the first manifestations of the disease arise under the age of 20 years. In childhood, this disease is more often observed in boys, and in more adult women are more often sick.

The exacerbation of half aulinosis is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. nasal:
   1. discharge from the nose (Rinorea);
   2. difficulty breathing;
   3. itching of the nasal mucosa, pharynx;
   4. sneezing;
   5. feeling shortness of air.
2. conjunctive:
   1. redness and eyelids;
   2. tear;
   3. photophobia;
   4. the feeling of "sand in the eyes".
3. polyviscerals:
   1. skin lesions (appearance in open areas of the body of contact dermatitis, urticaria);
   2. damage to the urogenital system (vulvit, cystitis, jade);
   3. damage to the cardiovascular system ( arterial hypertension, myocarditis);
   4. defeat Central nervous system (Encephalitis, lesion of visual and hearing nerves, epilepsy);
   5. damage to the digestive tract (nausea, vomiting, liquid stool);
   6. defeature of the joints (allergic arthritis).
4. general symptoms (inxication symptoms):
   1. fatigue;
   2. irritability;
   3. weakness;
   4. disruption of appetite;
   5. fatigue;
   6. sleep disturbance;
   7. increasing body temperature;
   8. weight loss.

The appearance of polyvisceral symptoms in the patient in the form of damage in internal organs and systems indicates a more severe severity of the disease.

Basically, most patients with pollinosis are manifested by rinkonucleotual symptoms in violation. general status.

The manifestation and severity of the disease affects such factors as:

• the amount of allergen entered into the body (the more, the hardest flow of the process);
• the type of contact (when the mucous membrane appears, nasal and conjunctive symptoms appear, when used with food and drugs, the digestive system is defeated);
• individual features of the body (different people in the body contain an unequal number of cells and receptors responsible for an allergic reaction, therefore the degree of manifestation of symptoms is different).

The symptoms of this disease arising every year and acting for quite a long time, exhaust a person.

It becomes emotionally suppressed, his physical activity falls, sleep is disturbed.

The person is also forced to buy expensive drugs that have and unwanted effects for the body. All this leads to a deterioration in the quality of life.

For severe course Diseases Allergies can take dangerous forms that threaten life:

At-risk groups

People who have the greatest predisposition to the development of the disease:

1. children whose parents have in their history of this disease (i.e. allergic reaction to pollen in most cases is inherited);
2. the population of large cities (t. C. Pollution of urban air leads to a decrease in immunity and improving the sensitivity of the respiratory tract to stimuli);
3. people who have bad habits (also increases the sensitivity to allergens);
4. living in areas of growing plants causing pollinosis;
5. people born in the season of flowering plants.

Seasonality

The most characteristic feature of Polynomes is a seasonal manifestation of symptoms (only during the flowering of plants).

In the spring, trees bloom (birch, hazel, poplar, Iva, Maple, etc.), in June-July - herbs (drinking, oatmeal, Timofeevka), in the period from August to September weeds (wormwood, ambrosia).

When the season ends, and symptoms of the disease.

On the amount of pollen content in the air affects:

• weather (in a rainy and severe summer, adverse conditions for pollen maturation are created);
• the presence of wind;
• time of the day (in the morning and during the day there is the greatest allocation of pollen).

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of Polynomus does not cause special difficulties.

If a person has every year, in a certain season, the symptoms of this disease have arise, listed earlier, he needs to contact a specialist for the diagnosis, detecting allergen and treating treatment.

The doctor establishes a diagnosis based on the following:

1. the survey (collection of anamnesis) - the doctor asks the patient about the disturbing symptoms, time and circumstances of their appearance;
2. examination of the patient;
3. collection of necessary analyzes (blood test for the detection of antibodies to an allergen, a sample of nasal discharge);
4. allergic samples:

• skin samples - help to identify an allergen, which caused the disease;
• provocative test (in the patient specifically cause an allergic reaction by an allergen, which caused the disease) - allows 100% allergen to detect.

Survey allows the doctor to accurately diagnose and designate proper treatment. Self-treatment in the presence of an allergic reaction is unacceptable.

What is a nasal pollinosis

The nasal polyness is the most common form of the reaction and is differently called "allergic rhinitis". Manifests itself nasal symptoms and a violation of a general condition.

The nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:

• itching of the nasal mucosa, pharynx;
• rinorea;
• difficulty breathing;
• silent attacks.

Conditionally patients with pollinosis of the nose can be divided into 2 groups:

1. patients who have the main symptoms of the nose and sneezing. They are characterized by abundant discharge from the nose, the bouts of sneezing, the deterioration of the overall state in the afternoon. Typically, this group of patients also experience conjunctitive symptoms (tearing, lights, unpleasant feelings in the eyes);
2. patients whose mostly observed nasal congestion. They are characterized by breathing through the mouth, the unpleasant sensations in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nose sinuses, the absence of either minor sneezing attacks, a decrease in the perception of taste and smell, deterioration of symptoms at night.

Such a conditional division of patients on groups helps a doctor to prescribe a more suitable to this patient.

In addition to nasal and conjunctive symptoms, the patient may have symptoms of general intoxication:

• fast fatiguability;
• weakness;
• reduced performance;
• disruption of appetite and others.

In the absence of adequate treatment, the form of an allergic rhinitis will be lost, new symptoms will appear, the sensitivity of the immune system will increase to other allergens that have not previously caused reactions.

In progression, the following symptoms may occur during the progression of the nose:

• irritation of the skin of the nose and under the nose;
• nose bleeding;
• throat action;
• cough appearance;
• increase the intensity of headaches.

In addition, Polynoma can provoke such complications as sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses of the nose), otitis (inflammation of various departments of the ear), the appearance of polyps.

Video: What to do?

Methods of treatment

Treatment of patients with pollinozes is as follows:

1. termination or decrease in contact with an allergen. Patients are recommended for the season of flowering plants, causing disease, Go to areas where these types do not grow. If it is impossible, it should be maximally limited contact with an allergen (do not leave the convergence, as little as possible to open windows, etc.)
2. application of medicines:
   1. antihistamine preparations (used to reduce and eliminate symptoms of the disease);
   2. vesseloring (with nasal congestion);
   3. glucocorticosteroids (to reduce inflammation);
3. eliminate the symptoms of half aulinosis, and observing the diet. From the diet you need to eliminate seasonal fruits, berries, honey, products in which the food dye is present.

What does an allergic form mean

When the allergen falls on the mucous membranes, the body will in response allocate antibodies that detect pollen antigens and form the antigen antibody complexes.

Then these complexes with blood flow fall into the nose, skin, internal organs.

When allergen gets into the body, the complexes are distinguished by histamine, which struggles with an allergen, causing the symptoms of the disease.

Thus, an allergic reaction is manifested during polyness.

Preventive measures

For the prevention of allergic pollinosis follows:

1. eliminate contact with allergen - pollen (change the area of \u200b\u200baccommodation, exclude from urban gardening species of plants that cause an allergic reaction, reduce the number of traveling congestion, to nature, to remove flowering plants in the house, install air conditioning);
2. do not abuse cosmetics, spirits, before applying testing tests for the presence of an allergic reaction;
3. do not take medicines with an allergen content;
4. comply with the diet (eliminate seasonal vegetables, fruits, honey, citrus, chocolate, jam).
5. conducting specific prophylaxis - immunotherapy (gradual administration for a long time allergen in the body, as a result of which the sensitivity to it decreases).

To facilitate allergic rhinitis, it is possible to use such a method like washing the nose. For this, the pharmacy means can be used, and you can independently prepare a salt solution of boiled water.

In the treatment of the disease, you should not rely on folk ways. Only a doctor can be appointed adequate therapy while ethnoscience It can lead to even greater exacerbation of the disease.

If you observe all the conditions for the prevention, to fulfill the appointment of the doctor, follow all recommendations, it is possible to significantly alleviate the course of allergic pollinosis.