F. M. Dostoevsky is the greatest Russian writer, an unsurpassed realist artist, an anatom of the human soul, a passionate advocacy of ideas of humanism and justice. His novels are distinguished by a close interest in the intellectual life of the heroes, the disclosure of the complex and controversial consciousness of a person.

The main works of Dostoevsky appeared in the press in the last third of the XIX century, when the crisis of old moral and ethical principles was designated, when he became an obvious gap between the rapidly changing life and traditional norms of life. It was in the last third of the XIX century that the "reassessment of all values" was spoke in society, about changing the norms of traditional Christian morality and morality. And at the beginning of the twentieth century, this has become a practically the main issue in the creative intelligentsia environment. Dostoevsky was one of the first to see the danger of the coming revaluation and the concomitant "manifolding of a person." He first showed that "demonstration", which was originally rooking such attempts. It is precisely this that all its basic works are devoted and, of course, one of the central novels is "Crime and Punishment."

This novel F. M. Dostoevsky published in 1866. This is a work dedicated to the history of how long and difficult to go through suffering and mistakes is a faded human soul to comprehend the truth. Raskolnikov - the spiritual and compositional center of the novel. External action only reveals its inner struggle. It must go through the most painful split to understand himself and moral law, is not restlessly associated with the human essence. The hero solve the riddle of his own personality and at the same time the riddle of human nature.

Rodion Romanovich Romanov - the protagonist of the novel - in the late past, the student who left the university for ideological reasons. Despite the attractive appearance, "he was up to that thin, that another, even the usual person, would meet in the afternoon to go out in such rags to the street." Raskolnikov lives in extreme poverty, removing in one of the St. Petersburg houses of the Camorka, similar to the coffin. However, it pays little attention to the circumstances of life, as it is passionate about its own theory and search for evidence of its justice.

Disappointing in public ways to change the surrounding life, he decides that the impact on life is possible with the help of violence, and for this, a person who has been removed to do something for a common good should not be associated with any norms and prohibitions. Trying to help disadvantaged, Rodion comes to the awareness of his own impotence in the face of world evil. In desperation, he is decided to "bear the moral law" - to kill from love for humanity, make an evil for good.

Raskolnikov is looking for power not from vanity, but to help people who die in poverty and disinfect. However, next to this idea there is another - "Napoleonic", which gradually goes to the fore, pushing the first. Raskolnikov divides humanity on "... two discharges: to the lower (ordinary), that is, so to speak, on the material that serves the only one for the origin of himself, and actually for people, that is, having a gift or talent to say in the middle of their new word." The second category, the minority, born to rule and command, the first - "live in obedience and be obedient."

The main thing for him is the freedom and power, which he can use, as he is pleased - on good or on evil. He confesses to Son that he killed, because he wanted to know: "Do I have the right to have the power?" He wants to understand: "Do I do, like everything, or a person? Will I be able to cross or can't? Do I have trembling or right I have? " This is a self-test of a strong person, trying to power. Both ideas are owned by the hero's soul, reveal his consciousness.

Departing from everyone and closed in your corner, the Raskolnikov puts the thought of murder. The world and people cease to be genuine reality for him. However, the "ugly dream", which he cherished for a month, causes disgust. Raskolnikov does not believe in what can commit murder, and despises himself for distraction and inability to practical action. He goes to the old woman for a sample - a place to inspect and try on. He thinks of violence, and his soul is writhing under the burden of global suffering, protesting against cruelty.

The failure of the theory of Raskolnikov begins to be discovered during the crime. Life can not fit into a logical scheme, and a well-calculated scenario of Skolnikov is violated: at the most inappropriate moment there is a licable, and he has to kill it (and probably the child who has not yet born).

After the murder of the old woman and her sisters, Raskolnikov Lizavets experiences the deepest mental shock. The crime puts it "on the other side of good and evil," separates it from humanity, surrounds the ice desert. The gloomy "feeling of painful, endless privacy and alienation suddenly was deliberately affected in his soul." Skolnikova has a warmth, he is close to obeying and even wants to commit suicide. Rodion is trying to pray, and he laughs on himself. Laughter is replaced by despair. Dostoevsky emphasizes the motive of the alienation of the hero from the people: they seem to be shy and cause "... infinite, almost physical disgust." Even with the most closest it can not speak, feeling an insurmountable border, "lying" between them.

The path of crime for Raskolnikov (and on Dostoevsky, no one of the people) is unacceptable (no wonder Dostoevsky compares the crime of Raskolnikov with death, and its further resurrection is called Christ). Then the human thing that was in Raskolnikov (contained almost a year for his means of a sick comrade-student, saved from the fire of two children, helped, giving the last money for the funeral, the widow of Marmaladov), contributes to the early resurrection of the hero (the words of Petropyrov Petrovich about the fact that Raskolnikov "I fool myself shortly"). Resurrecting Rodion to the new life Sonya Marmaladov. The theory of Raskolnikov is opposed to the Christian idea of \u200b\u200bthe atonement of their and other sins of sins of suffering (images of Sony, Duni, Malki). It is when the world of Christian spiritual values \u200b\u200bopens for Skolnikov (through love for Sona), he finally resurrecting to life.

Charter from the "Theory" and "Dialectics", Raskolniki begins to realize the value of the usual life: "No matter how living is to live! Eki True! Lord, what truth is! Skolkin man! And a scoundrel one who calls him for it. " He, who wanted to live a "extraordinary person," worthy of authentic life, is ready to respen with a simple and primitive existence. His pride is crushed: No, he is not Napoleon, with whom he constantly relates herself, he is just "aesthetic loss." Instead of Toulon and Egypt, he is instead of Toulon and Egypt, "the skinny shy registrar", but he and it is enough to fall into despair. Raskolnikov is crushing that it was necessary to know about him in advance, about her weakness before going "the bed". He cannot bear the severity of the crime and is recognized in it Sonchke. Then goes to the plot and admits.

Raskolnikov struck out his crime from the discharge of people, became a rejected, outcast. "I am not killed by an old woman, I killed myself," he admits the Marmalade Son. This conclusion from people interferes with Raskolnikov to live. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe hero on the right of a strong crime was absurd. Life won the theory. No wonder Goethe spoke in Faust: "Theory, my friend, sulfur. But forever green tree of life. "

For Dostoevsky, no high goal can justify unsuitable funds leading to its achievement. The individualistic riot against the orders of the surrounding life is doomed to defeat. Only compassion, Christian sympathy and unity with other people can make life better and happier.

Fedor Dostoevsky. Engraving Vladimir Favorsky. 1929 year State Tretyakov Gallery / Diomedia

"Beauty will save the world"

"True, Prince [Myshkin], what did you say that the world will save" Kra-Hofty "? Gentlemen, he shouted [Ippolit] loudly everyone, "the prince approving that the world will save beauty! And I argue that he has because he has such playful thoughts that he is now in love. Gentlemen, prince in love; Livecha, just he entered, I was convinced of this. Do not knuckle, prince, I will feel sorry for me. What beauty will save the world? It's a stalk of me re-said ... Are you a zealous Christian? Kolya says you call yourself a Christian.
The prince considered him carefully and did not answer him. "

"Idiot" (1868)

The phrase of beauty that will save the world, pronounces a secondary character - a caring young man IPPOLIT. He asks if the prince of Myshkin really said so, and without receiving an answer, it begins to develop this thesis. But the protagonist of the novel in such formulations does not argue about the Kraso, and only once clarifies about Nastasya Philippovna, she is good: "Ah, Kaba good! Everything would be saved! "

In the context of "Idiot", it is customary to speak primarily about the power of inner beauty - this is how the writer himself offered this phrase. While working on the novel, he wrote to the poet and Czensor of Apollo Mikikov, that the post-forbid himself to create the perfect image of the "quite beautiful man", meaning Prince Myshkin. At the same time in the drafts of the novel there is the following per letter: "The world of beauty will be saved. Two beauty samples, "after which the author matured-gives about the beauty of Nastasya Filippovna. For Dostoevsky, therefore, it is important to Oce-thread the saving force of both the inner, spiritual beauty of man and its appearance. In the plot "Idiot", however, we find a negative answer: the beauty of Nastasya Filippovna, like the purity of Prince Myshkin, does not make the life of other characters better and does not prevent the tragedy.

Later, in the novel "The Karamazov Brothers", the heroes will speak again about the power of beauty. Brother Mitya no longer doubts her saving strength: he knows and feels that beauty is able to make the world better. But in his understanding, it possesses both destructive power. And the hero will suffer due to the fact that he does not understand exactly where the border between good and evil flew out.

"Whether I am trembling or right I have"

"And not money, most importantly, I needed, Sonya, when I killed; Not so much money was needed, as another ... I now know it now ... I understand me: Maybe, by the way, I've ever repeated the murder. I had another one to learn, the other pushed me under his hands: I needed to know then, and seek to find out if I did, like everything, or a person? Will I be able to cross it or can not! Did you dare to burn and take or not? Whether I am trembling or right I have ... "

"Crime and Punishment" (1866)

For the first time, Raskolnikov speaks about the "trembling creature" after a meeting with the tradesman, who calls him "Clever". The hero is frightened and immersed in reasoning about how in his place responded by some "NEO-Leon" - a representative of the highest human "discharge", which calmly myself go to a crime for the sake of his goal or whim: "Rights, Rights" Pro-rock ", when it puts somewhere across the street chorus-r-ryosha battery and blows in the right and guilty, not honored to explain! Study, trembling creature, and - Do not wish, because it's not your business! .. "This image of splitters, most likely, borrowed from Pushkin's stuffing" imitation of the Quran ", where the 93rd Sura is rapidly outlined:

Laugh, despise deception,
Travel truth cheerfully
Love orphans and my koran
The trembling creature preach.

In the original text, the addresses of the sermon should not be "creatures", but people who should talk about those benefits that Allah can give "Therefore, do not oppress the siroto! And do not drive asking! And we announce the grace of our Lord "(Quran 93: 9-11).. Raskolnikov consciously mixes the image from the "imitation of the Quran" and episodes from the biography of Napoleon. Of course, not the prophet Magomet, and the French-sky Polko-Water put "across the street a good battery." So he suppressed the royalist uprising in 1795. For Raskolnikov, they are both great people, and each of them, in his opinion, had the right to achieve their goals by any ways. Everything that Napoleon did, could be implemented by Magomet and any other representative of the highest "discharge."

The last mention of the "trembling creature" in the "crime and punishment" is the same damned question of Skolnikov "Creature Lee I am trembling or right ...". He pronounces this phrase at the end of a long explanation with Sonya Marre-Ladova, finally not justifying the noble gusts and heavy on-standing, and directly stating that he killed for himself to understand what "category" refers. So ends his last mono-log; Hundreds and thousands of words, he finally reached the very essence. The knowledge of this phrase is not only a good wording, but also the fact that the far-neck is pro-coming with the hero. After that, the splitters no longer pronounces the length of the periods: only short replicas leaves him worthy. About the internal rennets of Raskolnikov, who eventually lead it with a recognition to the Saint Road and at the police station, readers will recognize from the author's whipping. The hero himself will not tell anything anymore - after all, he has already asked the main question.

"Light whether to fail, or I do not drink tea"

"... in fact I need, you know what: so that you failed, that's what! I need calm. Yes, I'm not worried about, the whole light is selling now for a penny. Light whether to fail, or here I do not drink tea? I will say that the light fails, and so that I always drink tea. Did you know it, or not? Well, here I know that I am a bastard, scoundrel, myself, Len-Thai. "

"Notes from the underground" (1864)

This is part of the monolon of the nameless hero of the "notes from the underground", which he pronounces a prostitute, unexpectedly came home to him. The phrase about the tea of \u200b\u200bsound cheat as a proof of the insignificance and selfishness of the underground person. These words have a curious historical context. Tea as a me-riohlo, for the first time appears from Dostoevsky in the "poor Luzy". This is how the hero of the novel Makar Girls is talking about his material position:

"And my apartment stands for me seven rubles to the assignments, yes the table is five witners: here are twenty-four with half, and before exactly thirty paid, but a lot of myself refused; The tea was not always the eye, and now it was for tea and the sugar fell out. It, you know, my native, tea does not drink somehow shame; Here all the people are sufficient and shame. "

Similar experiences experienced in his youth and Dostoevsky himself. In 1839, he wrote from St. Petersburg to the village of Village:

"What; Not beer tea, you will not die from hunger! Alive somehow!<…> The camp life of each pupil of military-educational institutions tre-buet at least 40 r. money.<…> In this amount, I do not include such a requirement, such as: to have tea, sugar and so on. This is no longer necessary, and it is not necessary from one decency, but from the need. When you wet in raw weather in the rain in a linen tent, or in Taju weather, having come to the tired, cool, without tea, you can call; What happened to me last year at the campaign. But after all, I, respecting your need, I will not drink tea. "

Tea in Tsarist Russia was really expensive. He was carried directly from China through the only land route, and this path is in-no -------- Major about a year. Because of the cost of transportation, as well as huge Posh Lin tea in Central Russia cost several times more expensive than in Europe. According to the "Vedomosti St. Petersburg City Police", in 1845, in the store of Chinese teas of the Pisperation merchant, the price of a pound (0.45 kilogram) of the product ranged from 5 to 6.5 rubles by the assemilments, and the cost of green tea reached 50 rubles. At the same time, a pound of primitive beef could be purchased for 6-7 rubles. In 1850, the "domestic notes" wrote that the first-up consumption of tea in Russia is 8 million pounds - the truth, it is impossible to count as one person it is impossible, since this product was popular mainly in cities and among Higher people.

"If there is no God, then everything is allowed"

"... he graduated from the statement that for each private person, for example, as it were, no believing in God, nor in the immortality of their own, the moral law of nature should immediately change in the oppositeness of the same, religious, and that egoism is even before evil --- The acts not only must be permitted by a person, but even at the s-nan necessary, the most reasonable and almost noble outcome in its position. "

"Brothers Karamazov" (1880)

The most important words of Dostoevsky typically utter the main characters. So, the theory of the division of mankind for two discharge in the "Crimea Lea and Naka-Zania" is the first to say Petrofirya Petrovich, and only then Ras-Kol-Ni-Cove; The question of the saving power of beauty in the "Idiot" is given by IPPO-lit, and the genus-nickname of Karamazovy Peter Aleksandrovich Miusov notes that God and both salvation themselves - the only guarantor of the observance of people of morals. At the same time, Miusov refers to the brother Ivan, and only then the other characters discuss this provocative theory, arguing whether the Karamazov could invent it. Mitya's brother considers her an interesting, Crack-Tin seminarist - a pioneer, meek Alesha - false. But the phrase "if there is no God, then all that nobody pronounces in the novel. This "quote" will later construct literary critics and readers from different replicas.

Five years before the publication of the Karamazov brothers, Dostoevsky had already tried to fantasize what humanity would do without God. The hero of the novel "Teenager" (1875) Andrei Petrovich Versilov argued that the obvious proof of the absence of the highest strength and the impossibility of immortality, on the contrary, tech-withered people to love and appreciate each other, because there is no one else. This imperceptibly slipping replica in the next novel increases to theo-Ria, and that, in turn, is in the test in practice. Exhausted by God-boring ideas, Brother Ivan comes in moral law and allows for the murder of the Father. Without withstanding the consequences, he is practically going crazy. I woofed everything, Ivan never ceases to believe in God - his theory is not working, because even himself he could not prove it.

"Masha lies on the table. Will you see with Masha? "

Init-beat a man, like yourself According to the commandments of Christ, - it is impossible. The law of personality on Earth binds. I prevents. One Christ could, but Christ was the enemy from the century, the ideal, to which it becomes still and by the law of nature should strive for a person. "

From notebook (1864)

Masha, or Maria Dmitrievna, in the greatness of the constant, and on the first husband Isaeva, is the first wife of Dostoevsky. They got married in 1857 in the Siberian town of Kuznetske, and then moved to Central Russia. On April 15, 1864, Maria Dmitrievna died from Chakhotka. In recent years, the spouses lived separately and communicated little. Maria Dmitrievna - in Vladimir, and Fedor Mi-Hai-Lovich - in St. Petersburg. He was absorbed by the publication of magazines, where among what the texts of their mistress published - the beginner writer Apol Linaria Suslova. The disease and death of the spouse greatly struck him. A few hours after her death, Dostoevsky recorded his thoughts on love, marriage and purpose of human development in the notebook. Briefly the essence of their such. The ideal to which you need to strive is Christ, the only one, who was able to sacrifice the sake of others. The person is selfish and not going to lifting her neighbor as himself. Nevertheless, paradise on Earth is possible: with due spiritual work, every new generation will be better than the previous one. Having achieved the highest level of development, people will refuse brass, because they contradict the ideal of Christ. The Family Union is the egoistic isolation of the pair, and in the world where people are willing to refuse their personal interests for others, it is not necessary and impossible. And besides, since the perfect condition of humanity will be achieved only at the last stage of development, it will be possible to stop multiply.

"Masha lies on the table ..." - an intimate diary record, and not thoughtful writing manifesto. But it was in this text that ideas are planned, which then Dostoevsky will develop in their novels. The egoistic lead-negativeness of a person to his "I" will be reflected in the individualistic theory of Skolnikov, and the unattainableness of the ideal is in Prince Myshkin, Nazu-tagged in the Chernivikov Knint Christ, as an example of self-sacrifice and humility.

"Constantinople - whether early whether it should be our"

"The Dopererovskaya Russia was active and strong, although slowly the slight is politically; She developed a unity and was preparing to pop-drink his outskirts; I understood myself that it carries inside the drago value, which is no longer anywhere else, - Orthodoxy, that it is the store of Christ the truth, but already true truth, the real Hhar, the image darling in all other fares and in All other ones.<…> And not for the capture, not for violence, this is unity, not for destroying Slavic personalities in front of the Russian colossus, but in order to recreate them and put in proper attitude towards Europe and to humanity, to give them finally the opportunity to calm down and - After their countless centuries, ...<…> Self itself and for the same purpose, Constantinople - whether it is too late if there should be our ... "

"Writer Diary" (June 1876)

In 1875-1876, the Russian and foreign-wound presses flooded the ideas about the seizure of Constantinople. At this time on the territory of the ports Ottoman port, or port, - Another name of the Ottoman Empire. One behind the other flashes-values \u200b\u200bof the uprising of the Slavic peoples, which the Turkish authorities severely applied. The case went to war. Everyone was waiting for Russia to perform in the silence of the Balkan states: she was predicted to the victory, and the Ottoman Impe-Rii is a decay. And, however, everyone worried the question of who in this case the ancient Byzantine capital is like. Different options were discussed: Konstantinople will become an international city that he will occupy the Greeks or that it will be part of the Russian Empire. The last option did not suit Europe at all, but I really liked Russian conservatives, who saw in this first of all political benefits.

Wolly-laid these questions and Dostoevsky. Having entered into a controversy, he immediately accused all the dispute participants in the wrong. In the "writer's diary" since the summer of 1876 and before the weight of the 1877th, he also returns to the Eastern Question. In contrast to Kon-Ser-Vators, he believed that Russia sincerely wants to defend the one-winner-tsev, the development of them from the Muslims oppression and therefore, as an Orthodox power, has an exceptional right to Constantinople. "We, Russia, the validity of the need for all Eastern Christianity, and for all the fate of the future of Orthodoxy on Earth, for the unity of it," writes to Sheksky in the "Diary" in March 1877. The writer was convinced of a special Hosphere of Russia's Mission. Earlier, he developed this idea in the "demons". One of the heroes of this novel, Shatov, was convinced that the Russian people are a gogonymer. The same idea will be devoted to the famous, published in the "Diary of the Writer" in 1880.

"Crime and Punishment" - a novel who was created by Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in 1866.

The main hero of the work is Rodion Raskolnikov. His theory "creature I am trembling or right," he claims that humanity and a person in itself are criminal, but there are crimes in evil, but there is good. Raskolnikova has a desire to help people, but he understands that it will have to act a dishonest way. The main character is still solved for a crime for a long time, but seeing human flour (Marmaladov, a letter of native, drunk girl, etc.), he stops fluctuard.

FM Dostoevsky at the end of the novel "broke" the theory of Raskolnikov. The infidelity began to manifest itself at the beginning of the work, when Rodion had not only an old woman, but also Lizaven (her sister), as well as the child she wore. But partly for her crime and committed. He begins to feverishly hide things acquired as a result of a crime, not because of the search, but because they simply cannot take advantage of them as an honest person.

The author in Svidrigaylov and the poinner showed the Raskolnikov his future, if he does not come down from this path. They have all different purposes, but the means are the same. After a conversation with them, the main character understands that his path will lead it only in a dead end: "I did not kill the old woman, I killed myself."

Raskolnikov performed good things: helped material to his friend, gave the last money to Marmaladov, took care of a young drunk girl, etc. With this, "wake up" his human qualities. After the death of Svidrigaylova (he committed suicide) Raskolnikov completely refuses its theory - a blessing crime. Before the death of Svidrigaylov, I tried to correct: I helped the children of Katerina Ivanovna, let go of the Dunny and asked her love, because every person needs something good.

Dostoevsky shows due to the comparison of the nudge, Svidrigaylov and the Raskolnikov of their similarity, although they have different means.

Rodion understands that he is "the same lich, like everyone else." Sonya helps him to get up on the right way, calling him to repent. He sees that Sonya is in the mud (forced to sell his body), but it is clean. These flour only tower her soul. Skolnikov theory is opposed to Sony's suffering, Duni (marries an unloved person to help his family), Molki (takes over the misdeeding of other people and suffers from behind them). At this point, Rodion "resurrect" to life, he sees a new world filled with spiritual values, with the help of love for Sona.

Thus, the theory of the main character "The creature I am trembling or right" is understood as I either in this world, or have the right to commit crimes for good. But, as proved, this theory is completely incorrect.

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Roman F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" It was created in a turning point when Russia began to cultivate capitalist appearance and multiplied theories that justify new ways of enrichment. The epoch represented to the revision and moral and moral values, and the person himself.

Rodion of Raskolnikov - the main character of "crime and punishment" - a lawyer's student; He is raised on the solid concepts of morality. In this hero, at first glance, more positive: he loves her mother and sister, ready for all of them; It is capable of a bright feeling, a bit to the troubles of others. But in the "spiritual" biography of Raskolnikov there is a dark spot: not so much the murder of the old woman as the terrifying theory originated in his brain. FM Dostoevsky is repeatedly pushing the reader to the idea that not so much the hero himself served as gloomy atmospherein which he is forced to exist. Let us remember Petersburg, who "devours" the world of the hero: poverty (there is nothing to eat, nothing to pay for the room, there is nothing to wear - people are striking Rodion's ramp), a room like a coffin, abandonment and depreciation of man and much more.

The result of this and became "Unhealthy" Skolkniknikov theory. But it was not the only one: remember, already on the pages of the novel we meet another theory - Luzhinskaya. The essence of the theory of Rodion is in full renewal from the eternal moral norms; Raskolnikov came to mind " make Napoleon"- Hero, the owner of the world, so that he was not subordinate, but submitted to him. And nothing bad in his concept does not see the hero, on the contrary, he is trying to try on the mask " superman" Based on the "authoritative" historical experience, Raskolnikov seeks to logically justify the right to severely dispose of other people's lives at their discretion. In other words, the hero is not trying to "rise" to the level of others, on the contrary, he seeks to rise at the expense of "humiliation" of these others. The theory made Skolnikov seen the previously colorful world in black and white gamma, dividing the world to the "highest" and "lower".

But - with all its conviction in the theory of superhuman - the splitters categorically not the acceptance of the heroes such as Luban and Svidrigaylov. In the eyes of the hero, they are scoundrels and scoundrels. And only later, the splitters will understand that they - in essence - a lot in common: all of them sore universal morality.

Bunkolnikov Bunkolnikov against oppression and removal of man The author accepts, but from the possibility of the existence of an inhuman theory, subordinate to this riot refuses. Hence the moral wreck of the hero - in the refusal of universal laws and truths. In fact, the Raskolnikov turned out to be a noble and honest person who " crossed, but on this side remained", And from here - and the awareness of the crime of the life position of Luzin and Svidrigailov, and his recent.

No matter how lowered by the person did the splitters, the author saves it with repentance and redemption. Savior Marmaladov, whose spiritual strength was becoming a savior and support, whose spiritual forces had enough for the "Resurrection" of two: and himself, and Raskolnikova, she saves clean love, the desire of self-sacrifice. The life of the saved Skolnikova called " a new story, the history of the gradual renewal of a person, gradually rebirth "So, the whole image of the main character is designed to show the descendants, which consequences can cause the moral foundations of human existence.

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The novel "Crime and Punishment" was written in 1866, when Russia entered the phase of capitalism. Capitalism is shown in the novel as a destructive element, Dostoevsky called him "wild capitalism." He carries people impoverishment, hunger, death, humiliation and leads to the dehumanization of society. The design of the novel Dostoevsky was hat for many years. The topic has been developed already in the novels "humiliated and offended" and "notes from the underground".

"Crime and Punishment" is one of the most difficult books in the history of world literature. This is a novel philosophical and psychological, it provides an analysis of not only the outside world, but also the subjective driving motives of the behavior of the hero.

The theory of Skolnikova is a social and psychological experiment. The ideas set forth in theory were born not in the sick head of Rodion Raskolnikov, but in the advanced minds of the world elite. In 1865, Napoleon III was published, where he divided people to unusual and ordinary. A year later, Roman "Crime and Punishment" came out. These ideas Vitaly in the air.

Following Napoleon III, Raskolnikov also divides people on ordinary and unusual. For unusual people, he enshrines the right to a crime: "An extraordinary person has the right to resolve his conscience to step over ... through other obstacles, if the performance of his ideas will require." Raskolnikov refers to the fact that the great personalities, the "Creators of History", Likurg, Magomet, Napoleon, do not stop before victims, violence, blood for the sake of their ideas. He is sure that Newton has the right to step over a dozen, a hundred, a thousand people, so that its discoveries and laws become known to humanity. Raskolnikov considers ordinary people "the material that serves the only one for the origin of themselves like", and if this "material" does not notice and despises extraordinary people, you can also remove it, anyway, the new one comes.

Raskolnikov also considers the case in their theory when ordinary people imagine themselves advanced. He notices this: "They never go far." And here Rodion begins to suffer a question, an ordinary one or extraordinary: "Creator I tremor or right I have?" He arrogantly refers herself to unusual, imagines himself with God and gives himself the right to decide who will live, and who will die.

Raskolnikov wants to test their theory and find out if he can cross over himself, whether he really is unusual. For a crime, he decided not immediately, but tormented a whole month, but the sister of Dunya, ready for marriage not on love with a nuddle, so that Rodion could finish the university, a hungry mother, the poor Sonya pushes him to murder. Life seems to be specifically not only leads the hero from a rampant solution, but, on the contrary, at every step pursues on it. "I don't want to wait for universal happiness. I myself want to live, but it's better to live better," he says. But, even having committed a crime, he does not repent in the deed, because I am sure that it did it for people, that he will diagnose his help of hundreds saved to the oldest money shower. But in fact, the Raskolnikov did it not for people, but for himself. He, as a true egoist, caused people pain to test her theory. Having committed a crime, the rank with bitterness realizes that he could not cross through himself that he was an ordinary person: "I am not a man killed, I killed the principle! I killed the principle, but I didn't cross it out, I did not cross it, it remained .. . Only I managed to kill ... "And now, with failure, this act seems stupid to him. Although, if Rodion and gave the opportunity to correct his monstrous crime, then he seems to me, would repeat it, because he sacred believes in his theory, but he lost faith in God.

The theory pushed the Raskolnikov for a crime, but she also supported despair and fear in difficult moments when he wanted to commit suicide - drowned: "I thought, already standing above the water, that if I considered myself to this time strong, then let me and even be There is no shame now. "

When the Raskolnikov went to confess in the office who was deed, he did not for himself, but for Sony, for the mother, for the Duni, but not only in his own desire. He does not feel the feelings of repentance, he still thinks that this is not a crime, and only the murder of Lizaveta oppresses His: "The fact that I killed a nasty, malicious owner, the old woman is a percentage, which is not necessary to kill forty sins, which from Poor juice sucking, and this is a crime? I don't think I don't think about him and wash it off. " These words once again prove that the splitters renounce God, and therefore he cannot understand that he has no right to decide who will die, and who will live. All have an equal right to life.

Thus, the splitters are contrary to himself. He regrets the poor and disadvantaged, helps them. He is against the world, where evil and injustice reigns. But what means does he want to achieve universal happiness? The same evil and injustice! Raskolnikov understands that the path to which he got up is incorrect, but believes that the theory here has nothing to do with it, just "I am the same as everything." But it is this contradiction that gives it to him and gives rise to such feelings as disgusting to people. It is because of this that all his warm feelings for native and close people and their feelings are caused by their parents only fear and hatred: "Oh, if I were alone and no one loved me, and I myself would never love anyone! It would not be all this! " This is a subconscious feeling of guilt in front of humanity for his cruel theory that the splitters can not understand. Consequently, Rodion cannot understand his own soul and therefore the theory is unquestioned, which even if the failure seems true to him. But she is the source of all soul flour Skolnikov!