Philologist, candidate of philological sciences, poet, member of the Union of Writers of Russia.
Publication date: 02.02.2019

In 1945, at the ceremony of the anniversary of the jubilee pioneerlage "Artek", Soviet schoolchildren were handed over to the American Ambassador of the wooden coat of arms of handmade. The present I liked the diplomat so much that he hung it in the office. Seven years old, the coat of arms was in the building of the US Embassy, \u200b\u200buntil the American intelligence agencies found that a gift was not easy. Inside there was a listener, through which Soviet intelligence officers received secret information. Loud scandal broke out.

The idea of \u200b\u200bpresenting a similar gift came to Stalin. During communication with Beria, he asked: "Lavrenty, did you hear something about the Trojan horse?".

How are spy games, stallion and an ancient city-fortress are connected? Learn by reading this article.

The value of phraseologism

A gift with a "double bottom", which is awarded to harm, deliver trouble or even destroy. The donor makes it consciously, trying to achieve mercenary purposes. This is a secret intent, a tricky trap, which, at first glance, looks absolutely harmless.

Trojan horse is a symbol of cunning, deception and dishonest game. The expression has a negative color: "Competitors slipped to us the Trojan horse! Asked her man under the guise of the cleaner. She copied all accounting documents and disappeared. "

Another example of a Trojan horse is a computer virus that is masked for a picture or electronic document. If the file is open, the virus will imperceptibly implemented in the device's memory. It will collect passwords, bank card numbers, personal data, and then send all the information to their creators. Such a cunning program is called Troyan.

The origin of phraseologism

The expression is rooted in the events of the Trojan War. It all started because of a woman. Paris - the son of the ruler of Troy - came to swim to Menela - the king of Sparta. There, the young man met the queen - beautiful Elena. Paris seduced Elena and, grabbed the entire treasury, fled to her in Troy. Meneli collected troops, called with him Odyssey and went back to his wife. Siege of Troy lasted 9 years. The city was reliably fortified and did not want to give up to the enemy. Paris has already agreed to return the money, but not Elena. Then Odyssey came up with a cunning plan. Greeks removed the siege and sailed. There was a giant wooden horse with the inscription on the site of his camp: "This gift is brought by Athena Warring Danes." Troy defenders discovered a horse and decided to pick up a strange find to the city. There were only a Cassandra's priest and priest Laocoon, a faded phrase, which became a winged: "I'm afraid of the Darisians bringing gifts." But no one listened to them.

Horse brought to the city. At night, when all the inhabitants of Troy slept after stormy festivals in honor of the siege removal, the horse "opened". The best Greek wars came out of his body. They killed security and opened the city's gates. Files of troops returned and entered into Troy. The fortress fell due to the tricks and ingenuity of Odyssey.
This is not just a myth: recently American archaeologists have found a fragment of the Trojan horse.

What does the expression "Trojan horse" mean, What does not all be remembered by everything, although the history of his origin is extremely interesting.

What does the expression "Trojan horse" mean

The value of the expression "Trojan horse" - Clear actions, insidious methods of struggle.

And in portable consumption - a cunning gift to enemies, facilitating victory over them, fraudulent actions.

Trojan horse myth

Trojan horse Located with the history of the city of Troy (ILION), which was located in the north-west of Malaya Asia (the territory of the current Turkey). In 3000-2500 BC e. It was a well fortified fortress with thick, up to three meters, walls. Throe residents were engaged in livestock and agriculture, they knew how to pay copper.

And here in 1260 BC, a war occurred. She began, as Homer says, because the Trojan Tsarevich Paris with the help of the goddess of beauty and love Aphrodites kidnapped the wife of the Spartan king Elena. Tsar Menelia, angry for it in Paris, gathered all the Greek troops, crossed over the Aegean Sea, they shared them, and heeded Troy. So this war began, which was called Trojan.

Ten years of unsuccessfully, the Greeks tried to take Troy, but they could not do it in any way. And once the king of the small island of Ithaca named Odyssey offered the Grekam military trick, - to make a huge figure of a wooden horse, hide there a squad of soldiers, and saves the most from the island, it seems forever. So the Greeks did. To which the Trojans, seeing that the Greeks finally left the island, got out of the fortress and calmly pulled a horse figure to the city. At night, Greek soldiers who hid inside, came out and opened the Greek troops a city gate. So, this ten-year-old war ended, which Homer described in his poem.

For a long time, people thought that this story was only a fiction. But in 1879, the famous scientist Heinrich Schliman found the remains of Troy, whose excavations showed that around 1260 BC city and really endured a long siege and was destroyed.

Since then, there is an expression "Trojan horse" in the speech of people. So they say when one person gives something else something that can lose it.

Now you know, the value of the phraseology "Trojan horse" and the history of its origin.

Phraseologists play an important role in modern language, as they allow us to convey the meaning of a particular offer to a striking metaphorical language. For example, many have heard such a phrase, as the value of the phraseologicalism is understandable not all, since the origins of its meaning are still in myth.

Historical roots of the modern language

As you know, most of the aphorisms have historical roots. Something is associated with mythology, something with a story, but in any case, know your roots and the roots of your tongue are simply necessary. This allows you to see a modern language through the past, due to which its enrichment occurs. So, the expression "Trojan horse" came to us from the era of the Trojan War.

Troy: Causes of strife between the Trojans and Greeks

Historianianskogokokolna mysteries, and to understand it, you need to talk a little about the city of Troy. The people's legend says that the future war for the city broke out from the conflict of Paris and Menel because of the beautiful Elena, who was the last wife. According to the legend, Paris seized her, and she decided to float with him. Such an act of Meneli regarded as the abduction and decided that this is a sufficient reason to announce the war. However, Troy was well and reliably strengthened, so we could not capture the city of Greeks for a long time. They, however, were limited to the fact that they had devastated the surroundings and made hiking for nearby cities. According to legend, the Greeks wanted to take possession of the Troy, but could not handle the physical forces. Then an interesting thought comes to Odyssey: he suggested to build a huge wooden horse.

The trick of Odyssey

The legend says that the Trojans with considerable surprise were watched by the Greeks erected a wooden horse. The Greeks were composed of the story that they would create a Trojan horse created by them would be able to protect the city from Greek raids. That is why today the winged expression "Trojan horse" means a gift, the gift that was presented to deceive. But the Trojans believed in this story and even wanted to introduce a horse in the city. But there were opponents of this solution who called on to throw the design into the water or burn it. However, a priest appeared in the city, who said that the Greeks created a horse in honor of the goddess Athena to redeem the sin of many years of bloodshed. Allegedly after that, two snakes were crazy from the sea, who strangled the priests and his sons. The Trojans considered that all these events are an omen over, and decided to throw a horse to the city.

The beginning of the fall of Troy

According to archaeological and historical confirmation, the Trojan horse actually existed. The value of phraseologism, however, do not understand if you do not think about the essence of the legend. So, the horse was brought to the city. And on the night after this, Sinon's spelling solution released a horse from the cavity of the hidden warriors who quickly killed the sleeping guard and opened the city gate. The people who slept firmly after the festivities did not even have resistance. Several Trojans burst into the palace to save the king. But the giant neuctolem was still able to split the front door with an ax and killed the king of Priama. So ended the great story of the Great Troy.

So far have not defined how many warriors were in the Trojan horse. In some sources it is said that 50 people were hiding there, in others it is being conducted on 20-23 warriors. But the point does not change: the thoughtful design in the form of a horse simply did not cause any doubts of the Troyans, which was the cause of their death. It is now assumed that the myth of the Trojan horse is an allegory that once was applied by Ahetis.

Symbols and allegories

It is noteworthy, but the horse as a creature since ancient is a symbol of birth and death. So, the Aheitsa created their horse from fir branches, while the cavity of the design remained empty. Many researchers converge in the opinion that this is a symbol of birth new. That is, it turned out that the Trojan horse brought the death to the defenders of the city and at the same time became a symbol of the birth of something new for many nations.

By the way, about the same time events occur in the Mediterranean, very important for history. The great relocation of peoples began, when various tribes were moved from the northern countries to the Balkans - Dorians, barbarians. This is exactly what led to the destruction of ancient mycken civilization. Greece will be able to revive a few centuries later, while the destruction, which fell into this state, is so large-scale that all Dodorian history just remained in the legends.

horse?

Today, we often use such phraseologism as the Trojan horse. It has long been a nominal one. So we call some gifts that are presented in order to deceive or destroy. Many researchers were asked about why the horse caused the crash of the Troy. But one can note one thing: the aheitsa knew how to interest the Trojans. They understood that in order to remove the siege from the city, it is necessary to surprise the locals with something special, so that they trusted and opened the gate.

Of course, the presentation of the Trojan horse as a gift of the gods played a decisive role, because in those days to neglect the sacred gift was considered an insult to the Divine. And, as you know, joking with angry gods are very and very dangerous. It so happened that the competent inscription on a wooden statue (we will remind, on the side of the horse it was written that this gift of the goddess of Athens) led to the fact that the Trojans had to pick up this dubious gift to their city.

Troy's property

So, the Trojan horse (we have already described the value of phraseologism) became the main reason for the collapse of the Trojan kingdom. From history, it is known that Troy was famous for his horses, traders from all over the world were situated to this city, raids were most often accomplished. For example, in one legend it is said that the Trojan Tsar Dardan owned herd of magnificent horses, which originated from the God of North Borea. And in general, the horse has always been considered the closest to man animals: she was taken to war, it was used in agricultural works. Therefore, the appearance of the local residents to the city gates of Troy is the locals and could not not appreciate as a gift of the gods. Thus, not knowing who such a Trojan horse, the value of the phraseology is not so easy to understand.

And therefore it is not at all by chance that Troy, who held the defense for 10 years, fell precisely by the fault of the horse. Of course, all the fault and the trick of the Ahetseians who were able to find a weak place and chose a peculiar magic carrier in the face of a wooden horse. It is noteworthy that along the archaeological data of Troy was just a small fortress. But with the aim of capturing it, whole army from hundreds of ships were sent.

Modern interpretation

Today, this concept in a figurative sense is denoted by a malicious program, which the people themselves spread. Moreover, the name of its virus was received in honor of the mythological Trojan horse, since most viral programs act in the same way: they are masked for harmless and even useful programs and applications that the user runs on its computer. With all the simplicity of the virus, its complexity lies in the fact that it is difficult to recognize its destination in it. For example, the most primitive modifications may erase the entire disk content when loading, and some programs are able to integrate into certain applications on the PC.

Greek mythology and history gave the world a huge number of quotes and wise examples. Trojan horse is one of the main symbols and lessons of the history of this state. He is so popular that he was called by his name, one of the most dangerous penetrating the system under the guise of a harmless program.

What does Trojan horse mean?

The legend, telling about what the Trojan horse means, reports the cunning of enemies and the naive trust of their victims. One of the few authors described him, became the ancient Roman poet Vergil, who created the "aneu" about the life wanderings of Enai from Troy. It was he called a cunning martial structure by a horse that allowed a small bunch of people to win over brave and smart warriors. In Enievid, the story about the Trojan horse is described in several features:

1. Troyansky Tsarevich Paris himself provoked the enemy for decisive actions, hiding his wife from the Tsar to his wife - Beauty Elena.
2. Danaytsev raised military protection of opponents, to cope with which they could not, whatever the tricks did not resort.
3. I had to get a blessing for the creation of a horse from God Apollo, bringing him bloody sacrifices.
4. For attack with the participation of the horse, the best soldiers were selected in the books of historians and ready to give life for their country.
5. Men had to patiently wait in the statue for several days, so as not to cause suspicion of workers who broke the wall for the passage of the horse.

Trojan horse - myth or reality?

The fact that the wooden design is absolutely real, they say some historians. Their number includes Homer - the author of "Iliad" and "Odyssey." Modern scientists disagree with him and versgil: they believe that trade disputes of two states could become a reason for the war. The myth about the Trojan horse considered the absolute fiction that coincided with the fiction of the two ancient Greeks, while the German archaeologist Henry Schliman in the XIX century did not receive permission to excavation under the Gissarlyc mountain, which then belonged to the Ottoman Empire. Heinrich's research gave stalk results:

1. On the territory of the Homer Troy in antiquity there were eight cities that replaced each other after conquests, diseases and wars.
2. The remains of the Troy structures were under the layer of seven later settlements;
3. Among them were discovered by a skier gate, in which the Trojan horse drove, the throne of the king of Priama and his palace, as well as the Tower of Elena.
4. The words of Homer were confirmed that the kings in Three lived a little better simple peasants due to the laws of equality.

Myth about Trojan Kon

Archaeologists, not supporting the point of view of the Schlaman, consider the myth of the cause of the war. After the theft of Elena, her husband Agamemenon decided to punish Paris. By connecting his army with a brother's army, he headed for three and besieged her. After a long month, Agamemenon realized that she was impregnable. The city, who became a victim of the Trojan horse, was brought to a deception: setting an allegedly donated wooden statue in front of the gate, the Ahaseians sat down in the boats and pretended to be floating from Troy. "Fear Danaytsev, gifts bringing!", - cried at the sight of the horse's priest of the city of Lakoont, but nobody gave his words.

What did the Trojan horse looked like?

To force the inhabitants of Troy to believe in the good intentions of the donors, it was not enough just to make an animal figure from the boards. Wooden Trojan horse preceded the official visit of the ambassadors of Agamemnon Palace of Troy, during which they said that they want to redeem their sins and realized that the city was guarding the goddess Athena. The condition for achieving the world on their part was pleased to accept a gift: they promised that while the Trojan horse would stand in three, no one will dare to attack it. The appearance of the statue can be described as follows:

1. The design height is about 8 meters, and the width is about 3.
2. To roll it on logs, lubricated to facilitate the movement of fat, required at least 50 people.
3. Material for the structure was the trees of Kizyl from the sacred grove of Apollo.
4. On the right side of the horse was left the inscription "This gift was left by Danaires leaving with defeat."

Who came up with the Trojan horse?

The very concept of "Trojan horse" as a military method came to the hero of "Iliad" Odyssey. The cunning of all the leaders of Danaytsev, he never conquered Agamemnon, but was respecting them for numerous victories. The drawing of a horse with a hollow believer, in which it could easily accommodate the warriors, Odyssey developed three days. Later he handed him to the one who built a Trojan horse - a fistful warrior and the builder Epey.

Thanks to phraseologists, you can greatly express thoughts in any language. Especially when it comes to modern Russian, where a lot of phraseologism is a lot. The metaphorical language plays a big role in our language. So it will be bright and saturated, understandable, that is, in pictures, explaining complex concepts. True, it is often necessary to first explain the meaning of one or another metaphor, and then use it in a conversation.

We are talking about such a phraseology as a Trojan horse, the value of which is not clear because of the mythical roots flowing far into the past. The concept is associated with the Trojan War. Although in many respects the story is considered a myth, but Troy was actually, and the war with the Greeks was.

Before you understand what the value of the Trojan horse, you need to learn a little about three. All collapsed because of the beautiful Elena, who was the wife of Menel. He and Paris argued, because the latter seduced Elena, and she was ready to go swimming with him. It is for this reason that war broke out.

True, the city of Troy was well fortified. Therefore, the war continued for a long time. The Greeks in the meantime ruined nearby cities. Odyssey thought for a long time how to capture the city. But Troy was physically invincible. Then his mind comes to the confluence of a huge wooden horse.

The Trojans were interesting to observe how the Greeks built a horse. At that time, the Greeks allowed a rumor that the horse is able to protect against Greek raids. Hence the value of the winged expression. When they talk about the Trojan horse, then the gift is implied, presented with the purpose of deception.

Interestingly, the Trojans who want to get protection from the Greeks believed that the Trojan horse would be able to help them. Therefore, they even decide to introduce a horse in the city. When the priest of the goddess Athena came, he said that such a gift is a redemption for many years of bloodshed. After that, on the legend, two marine snakes raised this priest and his children in the sea. Such a turn of the events of the Trojans counted the sign and therefore rushed a horse to the city.

This horse is not just a legend. He really existed. So says history and archeology. If you do not understand the essence of the legend, the value of phraseologism will not be understood. Therefore, let's see what happened next when the horse was in the city.

At night, the warriors were carrying from the cavity. They quickly destroyed the guard at the gate, removed the goals and let the army of the Greeks in the city. The people did not even have resistance, since everyone slept tight after the holiday on the eve. Although some Trojans tried to save the king, but necopolit managed, craving the wooden door to the ax, to be in the bedroom of the king and kill him. So the Trojan war was finished.

How many people were in the Trojan horse, still not known. Some historians report that up to 50 warriors. Others talk about the figure in 20 or 23. But the essence in the other. In fact, hiding in the cavity of the gift, the Greeks managed to capture Troi deceived. Since the Trojan horse, presented as a gift, did not cause any suspicion, caused the death of all residents of the city.

In modern language, the Trojan horse means an allegory of military tricks. She was once used by Ahetis. And it was used successfully. Now we are just talking about the Trojan horse, when we want to point out a flattering gift, carrying deception. In other words, such a gift is not good anything good.

In general, the horse was a symbol in ancient times that meant birth and death. He was created from fir branches. The cavity has always been empty. So they said that something new appeared in the world. Because of the Trojan Kony, the city died, that is, the death of Troy residents came, but at the same time he contributed to the birth of a new one for the peoples of the world.

For example, on the other side of the Mediterranean, the resettlement of peoples began. In other words, barbarians and Dorians went from the north to the Balkans. This state of affairs led to the destruction of ancient mycke schools. Later, Greece is reborn, which underway all these tribes.

What does Trojan horse mean today? This expression we pronounce mechanically. It is already a nominal one for many centuries. This phrase we negotiate gifts, if they are given in order to deceive a person or even kill him. Why was the horse chosen? It remains a mystery. But one thing is clear. Troyans needed to surprise them to believe in the sincerity of the Greeks. And also to take this gift, forgetting about the danger.

The Trojan horse was presented, not as a gift from the Greeks, but as a gift over the gods, which the Trojans believed sacred. And such an action played a big role. Since the sacred gifts were previously neglected. After all, otherwise God may insult, then there will be no protection in the wars.

Modern interpretation, speaking about the Trojan horse, is a malicious program, in other words, the virus that hackers created and distribute through the entire computer world via the Internet. The action of this virus, like the Trojan horse one. It is masked for harmless applications that careless user can run. Be that as it may, no matter how we say, but the Trojan horse always carries something bad.