The influenza in children proceeds very hard and fraught with serious complications. In the cold period of the year, epidemics arise sharp respiratory viral infections. The prevention of influenza and ARVI in children helps the child do not catch the virus and stay healthy even during the outbreak of the illness.

All respiratory viruses are unstable in the external environment and die under the influence of disinfection, heat or ultraviolet. But at the same time, they are rapidly transferred from man to a man with air-droplet during sneezing or cough patient.

Mass infection occurs in children's teams - kindergartens or schools - if the children are not protected.

The first signs of influenza are manifested very soon after communicating with a sick person - literally through the day. Lessly susceptible to infection of newborns - they received protection with the placenta of the mother and continue to absorb it with maternal milk. But in the second half of life, the resistance to infection is weakening, especially in those kids, which is on artificial feeding.

What are the symptoms of influenza in children at the beginning of the disease

The manifestation of the disease is different in children of different ages. For infants it is characterized by a small increase in temperature, the pallor of the skin, vomiting, but almost no cough and a cold. That is why the flu in children of this age is dangerous: it can be accepted for another ailment and not to treat it right. And this leads to serious consequences (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis), especially if a bacterial infection has joined.

Influenza in children under three years old causes muscle weakness, reluctance to move either, on the contrary, anxiety. Kids refuse food, suffer from vomiting, diarrhea and cramp. Respiratory viral diseases are transferred to the children of this age extremely difficult due to severe intoxication. Rubber and cough Usually at this age are not very annoyed by a crumb, but with insufficient treatment, even a light ARVI in a child can proceed into a serious complication.

Flu in children's children has a sharp start, the first signs of it: a sudden increase in temperature and feverish state.

How to identify influenza and ARVI in children in early phase? He manifests itself:

1. Sudden temperatures, sometimes up to 40 degrees. The patient is weakened, it is fevering.
2. The strongest headache and dizziness due to the effect on the nervous system of toxins.
3. Red spots on the skin.
4. Painful sensations in muscles and joints.
5. Nose bleeding and conjunctive hemorrhages.
6. Nausea and even vomiting.

If the heat is strong, the child can be wondering, losing consciousness.

How no disease occurs and what complications are fraught

At the next stage of the influenza, the child is laid out, the mucous membranes of the nostrils and the throat swell, the voice sits down. Perhaps an allocation in the larynx and the barking cough. The temperature is consistently high - in the area of \u200b\u200b38.5 degrees.

As antibodies are produced to the causative agent, unpleasant symptoms subsided, a runny nose begins with dense discharge. The disease gradually retreats.

How much does the temperature in the influenza in children hold? It depends on the severity of the disease. With a light form, it is normalized in about three weeks. In moderate - can hold on to one and a half months. In severe form, heat and intoxication are removed by strong medicines, the treatment of flu in children in this case is carried out in the hospital.

Flu complications in children are quite heavy, especially in conjunction with bacterial infection. These include pneumonia, lung abscess, sinusitis, otitis, radiculitis, nephritis, cystitis, meningitis and various forms of neuralgium.

How can the pork flu can be manifested in children

Signs of swine flu in children are also suddenly, as even with any other infection with viral infections. For this disease, characteristic:

• Temperature rise to critical;
• Headaches, painful feelings in the eyes, lubrication in the body;
• Pressure drops;
• Connection of the nose and bleeding at the same time due to the thinning of the vessels;
• Stomach and intestinal disorders;
• Wet cough.

Even a few months after recovery, the baby will feel tired at low loads.

With severe swine flu causes bleeding from gums, nonsense, cramps and vomiting. Pork flu is treated in children almost always in the hospital.

Important! Swine flu is able to move into a hyperstoxic stage in a few hours, which is fraught with a fatal outcome of edema either acute heart failure. At the first signs of illness, you need to seek medical attention.

Many parents ask a question: how to distinguish the flu from ORVI? It is quite difficult to do, because the symptoms that can cause a respiratory infection, similar to the flu. To accurately determine the type of pathogen, you need to pass the tests. But if the disease flows in a non-heavy form, has similarity symptoms similar, and treatment is carried out in a similar way.

Than to treat flu in a child

Children assumes a comprehensive treatment of influenza and ARVI. Doctors recommend bed mode and abundant not cold drink. Food should be easily able to give the body not to spend power to digest.

From influenza for children, many drugs have been developed. Offered different forms Drugs from influenza and colds. It can be syrup, candles, tablets, powders, solutions for rinsing, drops. Take a medicine from influenza and colds for children only by appointing the attending physician.

Influenza drugs in children can be the following:

1. In the first days of the disease will need combined tool, Removing intoxication. The most popular are the powders "Antiflu" and "Coldrex", children's syrup "Teraflu".
2. Strong heat will need to remove special means. For children, the syrup "Ibuprofen", "Ehelevgangan" is well suited. For the smallest fit more rectal candles, for example, Panadol or Cefecon D.
3. To defeat the flu in children is impossible without destroying the pathogen. We will need antiviral medicines, for example, "Viferon" (candles and ointment), "flupopheron" (spray and drops), "Groprinosin" (pills and syrup). Last Preparation Not only protects against viruses, but also has an immunostimulating effect.

Drops of "Aquamaris", "Nazol Baby" and "", from cough - Syrup of licorice root, altea extract.

How to protect the child from influenza

Flu prevention measures and colds in children involve a whole set of events. They include:

1. Full diet enriched with all the necessary elements. The most important are vitamins C, A and E, which have antioxidant qualities. Acquiring products with alive bifidobacteriums that stimulate immunity are useful.
2. Regular outdoor walks, better in nature.
3. Hardening and sowing sports.
4. No stress and excessive mental loads. Do not give a child to all the circles and sections in a row, taking care of his future. This may negatively affect health in the present.
5. Healthy sleep in a heated room also creates a powerful immune response with viral attacks.

During the epidemic, it is recommended to refuse to visit crowded places. Before entering the street, you can lubricate the nostrils by oxoline ointment, and on the arrival of home to wash them with warm water. In order to prevent the prevention for children, an older applies interferon, which is buried in the nostrils three times a day.

An important point is how to protect the child from influenza if someone has already sick in the family. First of all, the patient should be maximized. Ideally, if it can be distinguished separately or at least extinguish the angle of shirma. The sick should have its own dishes, a towel, bed linen. They need to be washed and washed separately from other things. Do not allow the baby to communicate with a sick family member. The one who cares for the infected must wear a protective mask and wash with soap hands. Wet cleaning in the apartment is carried out daily with the use of disinfectants.

Whether vaccination will help

Specific prophylactic measures include vaccinated kids from six months if they do not have individual intolerance to vaccines and allergies on chicken protein. It is also not recommended to conduct vaccination to children with exacerbation of chronic diseases and high temperatures.

Immunity due to vaccination is held on 10-12 months, the next year viruses mutate, and you need to vaculate the child again. That is, the influenza vaccination 2016 this season will be invalid.

Mass vaccination of kindergartens and schoolchildren are beginning in autumn so that the antibodies have time to form. This requires at least a month. Visit the child in the midst of the epidemic practically does not make sense.

Immunization of absolute protection against illness will not give. But even in infecting, the disease in this case proceeds much easier and allows you to exclude complications after influenza in children.

Remember that only the doctor can put the correct diagnosis, do not self-medicate without consultation and diagnosis by a qualified doctor. Be healthy!

Video of Dr. Komarovsky: flu

The flu is an acute infectious disease with preferably defeat the organs of the respiratory system, most often the upper respiratory tractcaused by influenza viruses. Most often, in view of immunological features, flu is found in children and in elderly patients, as these groups are most susceptible to infection and have minimal resistance.

The flu is an independent disease, which is nevertheless included in the group of acute respiratory viral infections (ORVI). According to the latest recommendations of WHO, with the development of the disease, the diagnosis of ARVI was initially set, and after immunological confirmation, a particular virus - influenza, paragrippa, RS virus and others are indicated.

What are flu viruses

In this case, the disease causes not one type of viruses, but several subspecies, or in relation to viruses - strains. These are viruses A, B, C, which in turn also differ among one subspecies. Differences are achieved by protein antigenic structures H (hemagglutinin) and N (neurominidase). So the famous "swine flu" is influenza A (H1N1), "bird flu" - influenza A (H5N1). As a result, the total number of possible antigenic options exceeds 2000. It is at the expense of this that a high degree of virus variability is ensured and the fact that the body cannot work out resistant immunity.

The main differences between the influenza from ARVI

It should be immediately noted that flu viruses and viruses of other ORVI have many similar moments in the causes of the diseases and this is due to the fact that they predominantly affect the upper heights of the respiratory tract. Nevertheless, there are distinctive features, on the basis of which a specialist may reasonably suspect the flu for clinical features of the disease. The most essential of them are presented in the form of a table.

Influenza and ORVI in children - main clinical manifestations

In any case, the clinical picture, both for influenza and for the remaining respiratory viral infections, is made up of a set of specific symptoms. The most pronounced clinical manifestations is influenza in children And we will take it as a basis when describing individual symptoms:

General malaise - Appears at the very beginning of the disease, before the emergence of other signs of the disease. Influenza in a child It begins with severe lethargy, reducing motor activity, reluctance to play and loss of appetite. In the case of influenza, this state can last less than a day and other symptoms begin to join it.

Hypertermia - Increased temperature in children With flu, it occurs early and almost immediately reaches high values. A particularly significant rise is observed in the evening and night. Without the treatment and adoption of antipyretic drugs, the temperature is almost always above 38 degrees, and with severe forms of the disease, it can reach 39-40 degrees. A characteristic feature is the duration of the temperature reaction to 5 days, in some situations and until the week.

Rinorery - abundant discharge from the nose and runny nose are not characteristic symptoms of influenza. Usually a small nasal congestion can occur with excessive dryness. They are more inherent in particular ORVI, when, due to the abundant separated, irritation of the skin in the area of \u200b\u200bthe nostrils may be observed.

Cough - is one of basic signs of influenza in children. Moreover, with an influenza infection, it is almost without sputum, very pronounced, adsatory, accompanied by a feeling of pain in his chest and throat, does not bring relief to the baby. With other ORVI, cough is usually expressed as minimal. Most often, he occurs when a child swallows excessive discharge from the nasal cavity. Even if it arises independently, he will not be so stubborn and painful for the kid.

These symptoms describe the uncomplicated flow influenza in a child.If the condition deteriorates significantly, this indicates the attachment of the lesions of other organs and tissues, and, both primary viral and secondary bacterial. Among other things, some complications arise with incorrect treatment as defeat internal organs When using certain preparations.

Basics of proper treating influenza in children

In spite of the seeming harmlessness of the disease and the fact that the virus infection itself passes after 7-9 days, in uncomplicated cases, correctly selected and fully obtained treatment on one side shortens the duration of the disease, and on the other hand, significantly reduces the severity of clinical manifestations and facilitates condition of man.

• The use of specialized etiotropic drugs for influenza virus, in the earliest stages of the disease. Their effectiveness is significantly proved within 4-6 hours from the beginning of the disease. If you start their reception later, they become ineffective.
• The antipyretic therapy is carried out only with certain drugs, more often from the group of ibuprofen. In this case, use to reduce the temperature aspirin is strictly contraindicated due to the possibility of liver damage.
• Symptomatic therapy is carried out to facilitate cough, rinores and other painful symptoms. In any case, the appointment should be engaged in the doctor. Self-treatment is unacceptable.
• Immunomodulatory drugs. On the territory of the Russian Federation certified are various drug forms of the drug citovir-3 for children as powder or syrup. The drug produced in Europe is widely used by abroad. In this case, the impact on the child's body occurs in the form of modulation and high-quality improvement of the immune response, which allows the body to effectively deal with viruses. An important feature is universality, that is, an effect on immunity contributes to the fight against any viruses, both influenza and other ODVI.

Influenza prevention in children and other age groups of patients

The widespread distribution of any types of ARVI and the tendency to develop epidemics for influenza with a multitude of illness makes the problem of preventing the sickness of the main. For this purpose, various influenza Prevention Meansboth in children and adults:

• General measures in the form of compliance with the mode of the day, walk in the fresh air, the overall increase in the resistance of the body;
• Minimization of a long-term contact with a sick person;
• Against the background of well-being, the preventive reception of multivitamine preparations and the optimal level of physical activity;
• Before the onset of transition periods of the year, vaccination, which includes the most likely on WHO recommendations, based on the study and forecasting of the epidemiological situation;
• An increase in the internal reserves and capabilities of the body. In this case, it is about the immune system. Reception of immunomodulators like Citovir-3. Does not strengthen the immunity itself, but it thus changes it that the response of the body becomes the maximum in efficiency when the virus appears in the body

Practical recommendations, how to treat flu in children at home

When the child appears in the child and the rapid addition of temperature with increasing symptoms, it is necessary to ensure the baby full of peace and bed mode.

Be sure to conduct sanitary cleaning in a room with surface treatment and regular ventilation.

If more than 4-6 hours passed from the moment of the course of the disease, the reception of specialized antiviral drugs will not be effective.

An abundant drinking, antipyretic therapy and symptomatic treatment in the form of anti-whale therapy, the struggle with nasal congestion, is reasonable.

In the composition of comprehensive therapy, Citovir-3 has perfectly proven itself in different dosage forms. It can be safely used, starting from 3 years of age. It naturally stimulates the organism's own capabilities in terms of combating infection.

A proven multiple studies are the effectiveness of such combined therapy in the form of a reduction in the period of the disease and reduce the severity of symptoms. In any case, it is necessary to contact a specialist to obtain appropriate appointments and discussing tactics of treatment.

Influenza in children (Grippus) - This is an acute viral disease, characterized by extremely high infinity, symptoms of specific intoxication and inflammation of the respiratory tract.

The name of the disease comes from the French word GRIPPER. For a long time, the disease was named influencing (from the Latin word "to invry"). For the first time, the disease was described by hippocrates, the main symptoms: fever, weakness, steady cough, inflammation of the zea and eye.

Influenza viruses are unstable to the effects of chemical and physical factorsare destroyed at room temperature for several hours, while at low temperatures (from -25 ° C to -70 ° C) are saved for several years; Quickly die when heating, drying, as well as with the actions of small concentrations of chlorine, ozone, ultraviolet irradiation.

Features of the spread of influenza in children

Maximum contagious is observed in the first days of the disease, when the virus is highlighted in the external environment when coughing and sneezing with droplets. The selection of the virus under complicated flow ends to the 5-6th day from the beginning of the disease. At the same time, with pneumonia, which complicates the fluid flow, the virus is in the body up to 2-3 weeks from the beginning of the disease. Seasonal flu amazes all groups of people, has a certain seasonality, the maximum incidence occurs during the winter. After the suffering disease, a resistant type and strain is formed by a resistant immunity, repeated diseases are due to the new influenza virus.

Influenza development in children

The driving value is affecting the mucous membranes and the inxication effect of the influenza virus. The causative agent penetrates the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, where it is multiplied and causes their defeat to dystrophy and necrosis; At the same time, the auto-antigens formed are launching local autoimmune cytotoxic reactions aimed at limiting foci of lesion and elimination of modified cells and viral antigens.

Morphologically not manifested by local inflammation, and clinically - the catar of the upper respiratory tract. From the site of the primary localization of the influenza virus and the spree products of the surface epithelium fall into the blood, causing intoxication effects. Since then, throughout the course of the disease, the influenza virus in children can be found in the blood, in free circulation (virusemia).

The toxic effect of the virus is directed mainly on the microcirculatory course, which leads to a slowdown in blood flow, an increase in the permeability of vessels and tissue edema. Due to the microcirculation disorders, hemodynamic disorders are developing in different organs and systems (in the central nervous system - to encephalopathy, in the lungs - from small hemorrhages to segmental common hemorrhagic edema), which is the leading link in the pathogenesis of heavy influenza for children. In severe cases, microcirculatory hemodynamic disorders lead to edema and swelling of the brain, up to the deployment of the cerebellum tonsils into a large occipital hole and often to death.

Flu in children

The inxication effect of the influenza virus suppresses the cellular and humoral immunity functions, which, along with the elimination of the protective function of the surface epithelium and the depression of local immune protection factors, contributes to the activation of a bacterial infection that occurs in the respiratory tract; In patients with flu in the bronchopulmonary system, a durable microbial focus is often formed, directly involved in the occurrence of severe lesions of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, as well as many other complications - angina, otitis, pyelonephritis, hymorite. In the pathogenesis of the flu, the processes of allergyization of autoimmune antigens, spree products of epithelial cells, bacterial agents; In the presence of preliminary sensitization, influenza encephalitis, polyradiculoneuritis, polyarthritis and many others are possible.

Sometimes, especially in young children, foci of serous inflammation with exudate are predominantly macrophage, specific for influenza virus appear in the lungs. In the case of layers of bacterial flora, viral-bacterial pneumonia may occur.

In the acute period of influenza, two phases of immune reactions are developing: non-specific (first 3-4 days) to form interferon, tissue inhibitors, ribonuclease, inflammatory response, and specific (up to 4-5 days), when anti-happose antibodies appear. There is a vulnerable to the 4th day, when non-specific protection of the body has already been exhausted, and specific antibodies have only begun to form, and their concentration is insufficient to overcome the virus.

Common influenza symptoms in children

The symptoms of influenza in children depends on which clinical form disease occurs. There are typical and atypical forms of the disease. The latter refers to the latter, the lightning flow of influenza. It is quite common to the catarrhal form - when the child remains almost healthy, but an increase in the titer of antibodies to the influenza virus is observed.

For a typical clinical picture, a combination of two leading syndromes is characterized - general intoxication and catarrhal phenomena of the upper respiratory tract. There are lightweight, medigative, heavy, or toxic and hypertoxic forms of influenza. The severity is determined by the degree of manifestation of general intoxication, the temperature reaction, which in most corresponds to the severity of the disease.

The light flow of influenza is diagnosed with a minor violation of the overall state, increasing body temperature up to 38 ° C, a little pronounced symptoms of intoxication. Lightly form includes erased flu forms, the flow of which passes at normal body temperature and the absence of other symptoms of intoxication along with weakly pronounced catarphic phenomena (lapse of the nose, small mucous membranes from the nose, shaking).

With a moderate form, there are all influenza intiquosication signs: headache, dizziness, muscle and articular pain, possible croup syndrome, abdominal syndrome. The incubation period ranges from several hours to 1-2 days, sometimes (in 10% of cases) there is a period of precursors in the form of subfebilite, pain in the muscles. In most cases, the disease begins suddenly: the chill appears, the body temperature rises to 38-39 ° C; Chills quickly replaces the feeling of heat, the general weakness arises, patients are irritable, complain about insomnia, noise in the ears, headache, mainly with localization in the forehead and temples, in eyeballs, muscles, lights.

How to treat flu in children in severe

Before you treat the flu in children in hard form yourself, draw important information. Perhaps after that you will understand the need for timely appeal to the doctor. With severe influenza, children have a diffuse respiratory tract (rhinitis, tracheitis, laryngitis). The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, soft and solid sky reddened. edema; With a flu, which caused the type B virus, there is a grainy enantum - a symptom of Morozkin. For influenza characteristic signs of tracheitis. There is no changes from the digestive organs. If there is no complications during flu, then after 2-3 days the patient begins to recover: the body temperature is critical, the cough becomes softer, the headache disappears, and Malgia, disassembly and drought can be preserved up to several days, the catarrhal syndrome disappears later.

A distinctive feature of severe form is pronounced intoxication: a sharp impaired of a general condition with a violation of consciousness, nausea, vomiting, short-term cramps, an increase in body temperature up to 40-40.5 ° C, which lasts 3-5 days. ATTENTION Attracts hyperemia to face, conjunctivitis, moderate cyanosis of lips, in the eye area is hot to the touch, the cough first dry, then wet.

In severe forms of the disease, the process is rapidly progressing with the development of various manifestations of infectious toxicosis: meningeal, encephalitic - or combination of reactions (hyperthermia, neurological symptoms -, dizziness, fainting, nonsense, vasomotor disorders with convulsions, loss of consciousness, meningeal symptoms) and hemorrhagic syndrome (rash, more often on the skin of the face, neck, chest and upper limbs, hemorrhage on the mucous membrane of the mouth, sky, the back of the throat, conjunctiva; nasal bleeding, microhematuria, blood impurities roast masses and much more). Characteristic violations of cardiovascular activity. There is a damage to the heart muscle and microcirculatory disorders with the development of cardiovascular insufficiency on cardiac type, vessels of vessels or collapse.

The flow of hyperstoxic influenza is like hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and severe neuroinfection, for which meningoencephalitic, hemorrhagic and hyperthermic syndromes, a lightning flow and a fatal outcome are characteristic.

Influenza in newborn children up to year

Influenza in newborns and children under a year has its own characteristics. The disease often begins gradually, with a minor increase in body temperature, the course of the disease is sharp enough. The symptoms of specific influenza intoxication are missing or non-lass: the pallor of the skin, the child refuses the chest, repeated vomiting is often observed, a decrease in body weight, catarrhal phenomena (cough, nasal congestion) are poorly expressed. It is rarely found, uncharacteristic segmental damage to the lungs, despite the weakly pronounced initial clinical manifestations of influenza, the course of the disease at this age is severe due to the frequent addition of bacterial infection and the occurrence of purulent complications (, pneumonia, etc.). Failure at the same time is three times higher than in older children.

The flow of influenza in children of age from 1 to 3 years is particularly severe, with intoxication, lesion of the central nervous system, the development of meningoencephalytic syndrome. Catarial phenomena are weakly expressed. It is often observed with a croup syndrome, focal or segmental pneumonia, can be purulent otitis, sinusitis.

Complications and diagnosis of influenza

Complications of flu arise at various times from the onset of the disease, more often - especially in young children - acute laryngotracybrees with respiratory tract spasms, focal or segmental pneumonia resulting from the layering of bacterial flora. From neurological complications can be meningitis, meningoencephalitis and encephalitis, less often neuralgia, neuritis, polyradiculous neuritis. In a sharp period of the disease at the height of toxicosis, myocarditis may occur.

The diagnosis is quite simple during epidemic outbreaks in the presence of typical manifestations of the disease: acute start, fever, inxication phenomena from the first day, catarrhals from the 3-4th day of the disease, etc.; It is much more difficult to diagnose in the postpidemic period: then, besides typical clinical signsUsed laboratory methods diagnostics.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with other acute viral infections (paragripp, adenoviral, respiratory infection) and some infectious diseases (abdominal and rapid typhoids, meningococcal infection, ornithosis, infiltrative form of tuberculosis and bronchoenitis and others).

Influenza prevention in children

The prevention of influenza in children includes early detection and insulation of the patient at home, insulator or hospital. Persons causing patients should use gauze masks of 4-6 layers. The decline in the incidence of incidence can be achieved by conducting seasonal courses of stimulation of non-specific and immunological reactivity of the body. Askorbinic acid is prescribed, laser irradiation of nasal strokes and almonds (5-7 sessions), interferon inductors (mefenamic acid and other inductors). For emergency prevention of influenza, the same antiviral drugsAs for therapeutic therapy. Remantadine give contact children after 7 years in the foci of influenza and 0.05 g per day for 5 days. Preventive reception of this drug is shown to persons with high risk of infection (employees of polyclinic, transportation) during the period of intensive development of the epidemic (up to 15 days) leiccitarian interferon, Laferon and other interferons are introduced into the nasal moves of 5 drops 2-3 times a day. Anti-hygipose immunoglobulin, effective doses, instantly, weakened children under 3 years old, pregnant on a 1-2 trimester of pregnancy.

In addition, it is recommended to lubricate the nasal moves of 0.25% oxoline ointment. Seasonal nonspecific prophylaxis is also carried out by Eleutherococcal extract for 30-40 drops once a day for 25-30 days, Prodigiosis of 0.25 ml in each nasal course twice with an interval of 5 minutes (course of three administrations with a break of 5-7 days) , other adaptogens, multivitamins, it is recommended to harden.

For specific prophylaxis, live and inactivated (having an advantage) vaccine from virus strains A and V.

Every year we are presented with unpleasant surprises in the form of another flu epidemic. For a child, this disease is dangerous and fraught with complications. Today we will talk about what kind of symptoms of Flu 2018 in children. What strains attack us this year, how to deal with the disease, and what should be done for prevention?

Influenza, ORVI or cold - how to distinguish

Rubber, cough, Temperature - the usual phenomenon in the fall and winter not only in children, but also in adults, there are similar symptoms in viral and walled diseases. It is important to learn to recognize the flu, because in 2018 this disease has already led to the death of 22 children. Symptoms and influenza treatment in children are almost the same, regardless of the strain that provoked the development of the disease.

In 2018, the prevailing strain of influenza - H3N2, Hong Kong flu, one of the most dangerous varieties of the disease, as the virus mutates quickly, can bypass the immune system. The disease always proceeds hard, accompanied by complications.

Expect doctors and another outbreak of swine flu - a- H1N1, and intestinal flu is relevant for children.

Unfortunately, most pediatricians prefer to diagnose ARVI, not flu, so as not to spoil the overall epidemiological picture in the region.

Remember, the flu is a very dangerous disease for children, especially if a child has chronic diseases. Therefore, be sure to ask the doctor to the general blood test from the doctor, pass the full examination - only you can determine exactly what your baby fell ill.

Swine Falls - Symptoms and Treatment

Infection with flu is air-drip, domestic, a person is considered contagious for 2 weeks until a complete recovery comes. In children, the average duration of the incubation period is 24-48 hours.

Symptoms of swine flu in 2018 in children do not differ from the standard clinical picture of the disease - a sharp rise in temperature, dry cough, weakness, lack of appetite.

How to deal with the disease

When the symptoms of swine flu have kids, put the baby in the bed, ensure complete peace. It is important to maintain the optimal indoor air performance: temperature 18-22 degrees, humidity - 50-70%.

This is important: with increased humidity, the causative agents of the disease are difficult to penetrate into the epithelium, the disease spreads slower, the risk of developing complications is reduced.

To understand, there are pathogenic bacteria in the body, it suffices to make a general blood test.

The prerequisite condition of speedy recovery is abundant drinking, the fluid should have a body temperature in order to quickly absorb. This will help prevent the dryness of the mucous membrane, dehydration, the body will be faster from toxins and poisons faster.

It is necessary to drink if the child refuses, show perseverance, as a last resort, you can use a one-time syringe without a needle, pour liquid with small portions, but often.

In the flu, the nasal mucosa often dries up, to moisturize the child once every 1.5-2 hours of saline, preparations based on sea water.

Flu treatment in children - how necessary and effective antibiotics and antiviral drugs are

When signs of influenza, moms begin to look for "magic" and effective medicine, so each year parents offer many unique drugs to combat cold and flu, in 90% of cases of drugs do not have any therapeutic effects.

Let's deal with more details with medicines that like to prescribe doctors so much.

• Antibiotics Effective only if on the background of the flu is developing bacterial complications, these drugs cannot be drunk for prevention and just in case. But most doctors are reinsured immediately, they prescribe these medicines to all children with signs of influenza.
• Antiviral drugseffective for the treatment and prevention of influenza, but not all, they need to be taken as early as possible when the first signs of the disease appear.

Effective antiviral drugs

1. Neuraminidase inhibitors - Tamiflu, do not confuse with theraflu. The medicine effectively destroys most of the well-known strains of influenza, including bird and pork. But the list of side effects is huge - from diarrhea to mental disorders. Therefore, this drug is given to children only in the hospital.
2. Adamant derivatives - Amantadine, Remantadine, are safer, but also less effective, most of the flu strains do not react to these medicines.
3. Interferon derivatives contain anti-violent gamma globulin, which is obtained from donor serum. Preparations are injected intramuscularly with severe flu forms.

Homeopathy - Ocilloccinum, Ergoferon, these drugs do not relate to drugs, while have a high cost. Therefore, benefits only to those who produce them.

Isoproprosin and other immunomodulators should not give a child if he does not have the pathologies of the immune system.

If your pediatrician has appointed only antipyretic agents, mercolics, nasal drops and others symptomatic drugs, rejoice, you are very lucky with your doctor.

How to deal with intestinal flu

Intestinal flu is somewhat isolated from other types of disease - it arises annually, strikes children up to 3 years, regardless of the season. The clinical picture is largely similar to food poisoning, since the disease refers to rotavirus infections.

Symptoms of intestinal influenza in children:

• abdominal pain ;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea.

In contrast to food poisoning, the symptoms appear not alternately, but at the same time. Signs of cold appear - runny nose, sneezing, throat, rare cough attacks, throat pain.

Against the background of intoxication, the temperature rises, weakness occurs, signs of dehydration occur. Vomiting disappears in 4-5 days, diarrhea can last up to 9 days.

Than treat:

• preparations against dehydration - recider;
• sorbents - activated carbon;
• antispasmodics - drootaverin;
• antipyretic agents - paracetamol, ibuprofen;
• fixing drugs - Loperamide, you can take 2-3 days after the appearance of diarrhea;
• enzymes - Creon, Mezim;
• probiotics - Linex.

It is important to observe the diet with an intestinal influenza - from the diet you need to exclude milk and fermented milk products, sweets, juices, fresh vegetables and fruits, meat can be administered in small portions only from 5 days of the disease.

Porridge, light vegetable soups - the main nutrition for the ill child.

How dangerous flu is dangerous

Inexperienced mothers are often asked how much the temperature in the influenza has a child? If the disease proceeds without complications, the main signs begin to fade in 4-5 days.

But sometimes after a minor improvement, the condition deteriorates sharply, which indicates the accession of a secondary infection.

Basic complications of influenza:

• bacterial pneumonia is a severe disease, difficult to treat;
• hemorrhagic pneumonia;
• abscess lung;
• bacterial rhinitis;
• tracheitis, sinusitis;
• meningitis, encephalitis;
• various neuritis;
• myocarditis;
• toxic shock.

Most often, heavy complications of influenza, up to death, diagnose in children under 2 years old.

What can not do with flu

Most parents believe that the White Child can not just leave alone, give the body to cope with the disease. Mama and grandmothers want to make anything to drink a poor child, so that he would be easier, and then many recall the folk remedies for medicine.

Most folk agents for treating influenza are ineffective. And some popular therapeutic manipulations for influenza are very dangerous.

What can harm the child

1. Winning with a solution of vinegar, vodka, alcohol - such procedures can cause vascular spasm, disorders of thermoregulation, intoxication.
2. It is impossible to bite the child if he has no chill, rubbing a barcut fat, pour mustard in socks - all this can lead to the overheating of the body.
3. Inhalation at temperatures can not be done.
4. Drops based on onions and garlic burn the mucous membrane to feel the whole range of sensations from the procedure, try to first order yourself a similar medicine.

Safe folk remedies

From tea with raspberries, milk with honey, cranberry and cruising honey, there will be no damage, drinks contain ascorbic acid, improve the work of the immune system.

Influenza prevention in children

The task of parents is not only a lot of help to treat flu in children, but how to reduce the risk of infection. Timely vaccine is the best prevention of influenza, making vaccinations need every year to all children older than six months.

When do you need to make vaccination? Immunity against viruses begins to be produced in 2 weeks, so pediatricians are recommended to make vaccination in the middle of autumn. If the influenza is already massively wandering in the city, it is useless to introduce a vaccine.

How to avoid infection:

• at the moment of epidemics, try to avoid the accumulation of a large number of people;
• take a child more often wash your hands, use antibacterial sprays and napkins;
• before leaving the house, lubricate the nasal moves by oxoline ointment, it is inexpensive tool well helps to prevent infection with viral infections;
• from the middle of autumn, start giving a child vitamins, pediatricians most often recommend the alphabet complex in the cold season.

Strong immunity reliably protects the child from influenza and colds - more walk in the fresh air, do not forget about the hardening procedures, follow the nutrition and the day of the day, and then your child will be healthy and happy.

Conclusion

All moms and dads know that the flu is very dangerous for the life and health of the child. However, do not everyone know how to distinguish the flu from the mass of viral diseases similar to it and the habit of often the flu is called any seasonal infectious disease associated with temperature, coughing and a runny nose. In this material, we will look at what influenza is, how to recognize it in a child and what to treat.

What it is?

The disease received a beautiful French name - "Grippe". In essence, the flu refers to acute infectious agers, and it causes it a completely specific virus - one of the representatives of a large group of influenza viruses. Call flu can be one of 2,000 viruses, which are currently known to science.

Each year from various variants of influenza viruses in the world to half a million people die, most of them are children and elderly people, because their immunity is significantly weaker than the immunity of an adult young or middle age.

Often you can meet the second name of the disease - "Influenction". It comes from the Italian word denoting "impact". This name has been fixed due to emergency contagiousness. Very quickly, separate outbreaks of viral infection turn into an epidemic covering large areas, and then in a pandemic, which turns out to be drawn entire countries and continents.

Transmitted by the virus with airborne droplets, and medicine can not have time for his mutations.Every year, new strains are emerging, which are resistant to certain drugs, characterized by symptoms. The flu is dangerous not so much by itself as its complications. Often, after the transferred influenza, pneumonia begins, hearing loss, vision, is affected by the heart muscle.

Doctors drew attention to a strange disease in the 16th century, but for the first time the flu virus was discovered, allocated and studied in 1930, since then research does not stop. Several species, subspecies, types and subtypes of influenza are isolated, many of them are dangerous for a person.

How to distinguish from ORVI?

The flu is included in the group of acute respiratory diseases (ORVI), but is only one of its representatives. In this group, about 200 types of respiratory diseases that cause adenoviruses, rhinoviruses and other viruses. They provoke diseases that are considered to be flu-like, that is, like influenza. But in essence they are completely different illnesses.

It is possible to call any viral infection with flu, but it is possible to consider the flu, although it is quite conditionally. Due to the fact that the group is large, specification is required.

Let's just say that at home to distinguish the flu from ARVI is almost impossible. Make it really only with the use of laboratory research. The blood test will help determine, ARVI is or high accuracy with high accuracy, also laboratory analysis will show which flu strain struck the patient.

The external differences between the influenza from other viral sharp respiratory faults somewhat erased, implicit. So, for ORVI The temperature is somewhat lower than with flu, and muscle pain and severe headache most often occur precisely with flu disease.

Often the question of differences are not puzzled and doctors. If the child fell ill, and the mother caused the doctor to the house, with a 99.9% probability of the doctor will diagnose "ORVI". Formally, he will be right, because the flu, as we now know, is a full member of a large group of ARVI. Why do the pediatrician do not get to the truth? The answer is quite simple - the Ministry of Health of the region will not praise the zealous specialist who "spoils" the epidascrict in the area or the edge, which creates an excessive work for laboratories, and also "dramatizes" from scratch.

That is why the "ORVI" recording appears in the child's card, and the appointment is characterized by a banal and standard approach. Blood on the analysis of the child will take only if he falls into the hospital. There will be important to set the exact strain and the type of virus at least in order to avoid the epidemic. Unfortunately, it is often about the exact diagnosis of parents learn after the child who died a posthumous examination.

If mom has doubts about the diagnosis of "ORVI", if the child feels very bad, his condition is hard, do not need to be shy. Parents have the right to insist on carrying out a full and exhaustive examination, to require a laboratory testing of blood to highlight the influenza virus. It will help save the child life.

Types of influenza

The danger to humans represent three types of influenza virus: A, B, C.

The safest of them is a view from:diseases caused by viruses of this species do not cause epidemics and pandemics, everything is limited to only single outbreaks of the illness, which, in turn, flows fairly easy - without cough, but with a runny nose, without increasing temperature. Grozny complications of the type virus does not cause.

The most common - influenza, caused by viruses of type A. It includes well-acquaintances to all strains H1N1, H1N2, H3N2. These are the most insidious viruses that change faster than scientists manage to describe and explore new ones. It is influenza and causes the largest and hard epidemics. The probability of severe complications from such a viral disease is highest.

It is less common to the flu, caused by viruses of type V.These viruses do not have strains, are not divided into subtypes, less often mutate, almost do not cause epidemics. However, each case of infection with the virus in flows is not easy. It pleases that the probability of complications is small.

The history of epidemics explicitly shows that the flu is the most dangerous. At the beginning of the 20th century, millions of lives burned Spanish flu (H1N1). In the late 50s of the last century, humanity faced a severe Pandemic of Asian Flu (H2N2). In the late 60s of the last century, many people died from Hong Kong influenza (H3N2). At the beginning of the new millennium, people "got acquainted" with bird flu (H5N1), and quite recently swine flu (A-H1N1) was isolated.

Types of influenza in 2018

Every year, the WHO scientists are observed for the incidence and carefully track the structure of influenza viruses. This allows them to predict the incidence of a year ahead and create new vaccines. For 2018, a new fleam of influenza is predicted. Virologist argue that he will take all the "best" from three strains - Brisbane, Michigan and Hong Kong.

Epidemics, according to representatives of WHO, most likely, will not be avoided. Spring 2018 - only the beginning, the bulk of disease is predicted in the fall. Each of the components of the new strain mutated, so adequate to doctors so far there is nothing to confront a new fellowship, but the work in this direction is being conducted every day.

In addition, this year, doctors are planning to "meet" with already familiar bird and swine flu, as well as with other varieties of species A.

Why make vaccination?

It is the ability of a virus to mutate with unprecedented speed necessitates the need for annual vaccination. The strain, which "walked" last year, with a large share of probability to be modified by the next year, therefore it will be necessary to be completely different in the composition of the vaccine and, perhaps, another treatment regimen.

Earlier, the vaccine defended a person from two viruses of type A and viruses in, now the composition of the vaccine is expanded to 4 strains and this is not the limit: scientists appreciate the mutations annually and make adjustments to the "recipe" of the next flu vaccine.

Acquisition is recommended to all children over 6 months. After vaccination, immunity begins to work immediately, but after about 2 weeks after the introduction of the components of the vaccine. That is why it is important to take care in advance that the child will be vaccinated. If the epidemic has already covered the good half of the city, making vaccinations late and meaningless.

How is infection?

Either a person may become influenza regardless of age, gender, health status. Everything is susceptible to the virus. But the probability of severe complications is higher in those who have immune protection weaker. Pregnant and children, as well as pensioners - a special risk group.

A source of infection is a person. The illness can be expressed or hidden symptoms, but in both cases it is equally dangerous for those surrounding since the moment of infection and ending with complete recovery.

In the middle of the flu lasts 7-10 days. Throughout this time, the virus will spread through air, with particles of saliva and nasal mucus during sneezing and cough.

Spring influenza, according to experts, is less dangerous in terms of the development of severe and epidemic. But in the autumn-winter period, viral disease is a real threat to children's health. Scientists found out that the fastest of the flu virus is distributed in the environment at a temperature of +5 degrees to -5 degrees Celsius, with a small humidity. The longer the air will be, the faster and aggressively the flu virus will act, collecting new and new victims.

At the time of infection, the virus penetrates the children's body through the nose, less often - through the eyes. The first cells of the focusing epithelium of the upper respiratory tract are affected. The virus is embedded in them, begins to multiply, rebuilds the structure of nasopharynx cells, trachea, bronchi. Cells can not resist the rough invasion for a long time and die, then the virus affects the cells neighboring with them and so on until the flicker epithelium turns out to be partially suspicious.

When the fiscal epithelium is almost smaller, the flu virus enters the blood. Together with it, he is distributed throughout the body, causing intoxication, muscle and headaches, spasms, chills, "lokoth". Blood vessels are also affected by an alien invader and become more permeable, which often leads to hemorrhages, ultrasound.

In patients with influenza, signs of strong exudative lesion of the alveol and other structural units of respiratory bodies are often observed. Simultaneously with the attack on all fronts, the influenza virus is overwhelmingly acting on immunity - the only system human organismcapable of providing an adequate response to aggression. If the immunity is without that weak, protection is significantly reduced, secondary infections are attached - bacterial, fungal, viral. The development of complications begins.

From the moment of infection until the appearance of the first signs of the disease, several hours can pass, and maybe several days.

Most often in children in view of the age weakness of immunity incubation period lasts 1-2 days.

The younger child, the weaker his natural immune defense, the shorter there will be the incubation period. So, the teenager flu may manifest themselves only on the third day after infection, whereas a child in 1-2 years old develops faster, heavier proceeds and more often ends with complications.

The most severe flu flows in children who have chronic respiratory diseases, as well as children from six months to 3 years. Newborns, by the way, suffer from flu rarely. Doctors tend to see in this positive protective effect on the body of the baby's innate innate immunity, because some antibodies Mine immunity transfers to the child during its intrauterine development, and most of the antibodies to common kid infections are obtained with maternal breast milk.

Symptoms and signs

Influenza is a cunning disease, it does not have specific symptoms. Recognize this ailment among other viral twigs is not so simple as it may seem at first glance. Only laboratory diagnostics can significantly determine flu.

The virus can be isolated from the sickness of the patient's throat, from the nasopharynx, as well as according to the results of the serological test, which makes it possible to determine the presence of antigripposny antibodies.

Diagnosis "Influenza" can be diagnosed only according to the results of a comprehensive laboratory study. Serological indicators, SE in research general analysis Blood (OAK), the number of leukocytes - all this matters, and the score "on the eye" is not.

Nevertheless, parents need to know how the disease is manifested. Symptoms can be more pronounced and less noticeable. The shape of the disease can be from easy to hypecoxic.

The classic picture of the influenza looks like this: first the body temperature rises. This lifting is a sharp, sudden and acute character. The temperature does not grow gradually, it immediately "jumps up" to 38-40 degrees. Almost immediately appear symptoms of intoxication: strong pain in the muscles, the gulling pain in the eyeballs, bringing pain in the legs, a strong chill, headache.

Inxication can manifest itself vomiting, most often vomiting at high temperatures occurs in children in 2-4 years, as well as the guys after 5 years.

Liquid current snot characteristic of most viral respiratory infections, with flu is usually not observed. On the contrary, the nose remains most often dry. The child is experiencing heat and dry mouth and in the nose. The first features include dry frequent cough.

An older child will be able to outline an additional feeling when coughing - pain in the progress area. Due to the fact that the influenza virus disrupts the integrity blood vessels, Children, especially in small, can go blood from the nose, to appear hemorrhagic rash, reminiscent of small hemorrhages.

If the flow of flu is light, then such symptoms are preserved for 4-5 days, after which they begin to retreat, the child is preserved for several days after this feeling of fatigue, breakdown, weakness, increased fatigue.

With severe flu, an improvement in 3-4 days is insignificant and short in itself. After barely noticeable relief, the child becomes worse, it develops secondary complications: pneumonia, vascular collapse, brain swelling, hemorrhagic syndrome.

As far as complications are developing, it is definitely quite difficult to answer. By clinical practice, severe complications are not developing as often, but in all cases without exception they are a serious danger to the health and life of the child. It usually leads medium-heavy, heavy and toxic forms of influenza. The greatest number of deaths is registered among children under the age of 2 years.

The most common complications are as follows:

bacterial pneumonia (one of the most severe forms);

hemorrhagic pneumonia;

abscess lung;

respiratory acute distress syndrome;

bacterial rhinitis;

• encephalitis;

  meningitis;

  radiculone and other neurites, including neuritis of auditory nerve;

  myocarditis;

  toxico-allergic shock.

It is possible to influence the likelihood of complications - the second complex question. Many doctors tend to believe that it is impossible to influence this in any way, it is impossible to predict the behavior of immunity. However, most of the doctors believe that treatment that begins in a timely manner, without delay, partially reduces the likelihood of the development of hazardous and severe complications.

The treatment of influenza is a complex of events, which is actually more complicated than the manufacturers of dubious medicines "from cold and influenza", which are widely advertised on Russian television, in newspapers and radio. 99% of drugs that are advertised as effective drugs from influenza do not have any relationship to treat flu and actions.

First of all, when the first signs of illness resembling the flu should be laid in bed, limit its motor activity. Since low air humidity is very important for breeding the virus, the air needs to start actively moisturize.

With high humidity, the causative agent of the disease will get less chances to hit the large squares of the flicker epithelium, the disease will spread slower, the chances of complications will decrease in tens of times.

Moisturize air can be most different ways. If the house has an air humidifier, it needs to be included and set the scale of the desired humidity by 50-70%. If there is no such miracle device in the family, you need to spend wet towels on the heating batteries on a stretched one through the room through the rope room and carefully ensure that they do not breathe completely, from time to time they are wetting them again.

In the room where it is hot, humidity is heavier. Therefore, it is worth tracing that in the room where the child is a sick, the air temperature does not exceed 21 degrees of heat. It may seem too cruel to parents, because on the subjective sensations of 21 degrees - it is pretty cool. If such a temperature delivers inconvenience to households, let them wear warmer. For a patient, this temperature will be the most optimal contributing to the speedy recovery.

The second prerequisite for proper treatment is a sufficient amount of fluid.The child needs to constantly hide warm water, warm tea or homemade juice, but not milk. Abundant drink will provide an opportunity to additionally moisturize the mucous membranes, and will not allow the attack of dehydration, which threatens the child with a high heat and the toxic form of the influenza flowing with diarrhea or vomiting.

If the child drinks categorically refuses, it is necessary to be more insistent if the sick - very baby, you can use a one-time syringe without a needle so that in small portions to pour it into the mouth with a warm liquid.

Recreate the mucous membranes from the drying and the destructive effects of the influenza virus will help the injection of the saline solution, saline, specialty preparations based on sea water. Nose mucous membranes should be harmful as possible, it will not be harm. By and large, it's all that parents can make in the first stage. Of course, after the pediatrician is called to the house.

With the influenza or suspicion of him, the child does not need to be conducted in the clinic to receive a doctor. The disease is very contagious. You should stay at home and wait for the doctor. Medical worker will be able to assign drugs that will consider the most efficient and suitable in this situation.

Medications

In Russia, they love to engage in self-medication. Parents for some reason believe that the "Kagocel" or any antibiotic can be given from the influenza or to calm down. In fact, the use of medicines for influenza infections - the question is quite dubious.

Specialists tend to believe that Light flu forms in the use of drugs do not need.Why is that? And because the light shapes of the influenza rarely cause complications. Influenza itself in light shape - a kind of training for the immunity of the child. He must cope with the virus itself, without support from the outside. And the children's body is capable of this if parents will not interfere with it.

With a light form of influenza, there is a completely rich warm drink, moisturized air, irrigating the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Additionally, you can give a child big doses of vitamin C.

It is not worth insist on meals. An empty stomach body easier to mobilize its protective forces. When there is no need to spend energy to digest food, recovery is faster. That is why nature arranged so that the sick child refuses meals.

We will not be reminded that no medicine without the knowledge of the doctor should not give a child, even if mom and dad are confident that this syrup was helped in "Last time." From influenza there is a special group of medicines - anti-influenza drugs. There are few of them, they all apply exclusively by appointing a doctor. Let's look at what means the influenza can be cured, and what - it is impossible.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are effective against microbes and bacteria.

They are really used for influenza, but only in the event that if bacterial complications started, For example, bacterial pneumonia or caused by pathogenic bacteria rhinitis. If there is no such complication, antibiotics are inappropriate. They cannot affect the virus, facilitate the flow of influenza infection.

However, the intake of antibiotics for influenza significantly increases the likelihood of complications themselves.

Bacteria adapt to the drug, which the patient receives "just in case," and then cure such an infection will be very difficult.

Parents may argue, because the residential pediatricians caused to the house often prescribe an antibiotic before the development of complications with the formulation "for prevention". The pediatrician is striving to protect themselves, because with complications there will be a claim to it, and if there will be complications against the background of taking antibiotics, no one will dare to reproach the specialist in the fact that he did not appoint a treatment on time.

For the prevention of complications, antibiotics do not applyThey are designed exclusively in order to treat bacterial diseases, fight bacteria when they show pathological activity. Therefore, from such an appointment, an experienced and thinking parent will categorically refuse, asking to appoint proper treatment, and not therapy "just in case".

If complications have already begun, antibiotics are necessary. For children most often use drugs wide spectrum Actions, such as "Flexin", "Amoxiclav" or "Amoxicillin". They are prescribed by the course reception, the duration of the course determines the doctor, it is impossible to interrupt the course.

Antiviral drugs

Unlike other ORVI, the influenza virus is sensitive to antiviral drugs, but only to certain means. They are used both for treatment and for prevention. An important condition - to treat flu as early as possible. The effectiveness of the fund will be shown only when the treatment began before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. At the later stages, the effectiveness of antiviral treatment is significantly reduced. It is unlikely that some of the parents will teach a child from a disease that has not yet been manifested. It follows from this that it is impossible to place special hopes for antiviral tools.

Against the influenza virus in the laboratory show a certain effect of two groups of antiviral agents:

• neuraminidase inhibitors;
• adamantana derivatives.

The mansion is preparations that are derived from interferon, which have not only antiviral, but also with anti-inflammatory effect.

Neuraminidase inhibitorsreduce the activity of the virus by acting on it in a straight scheme. These drugs refer to Tamiflu. It is very effective against most of the strains of influenza, including bird flu, but medicine today has undeniable evidence of multiple side effects from taking such funds.

For example, in Japan, where Tamiflu is the main drug from influenza for children, suicide suicides are very often recorded. Specialists tend to believe that mental disorders that lead to suicide and other unpleasant behavioral pathologies are a consequence of the effects of neuraminidase inhibitors.

TO side effects This group of medicines also includes diarrhea, intestinal disorders, abdominal pain, vomiting, cramps. "Tamiflu" children according to the testimony are given in the conditions of the hospital, in ordinary pharmacies without a doctor's prescription, this drug cannot be purchased. "Teraflu" and other "-FL", which are so often advertised on TV, are not related to anti-hit means, despite the fact that manufacturers declare the opposite. They only partially remove the symptoms of the disease, but in no case do not affect the virus itself.

M2 inhibitors (Adamant derivatives)- "Amantadine" and "Rimantadine". These drugs do not allow the virus to penetrate the cells. They have fewer side effects, but also the main effect is not too pronounced. In addition, doctors are increasingly talking about the appearance of flu strains resistant to data.

Among interferonov Preparations are quite effective against influenza, which are donor serum and anti-gaming gamma globulin. These means are injected intramuscularly, with severe toxic forms of a disease of 0.15-0.2 ml per kilogram of the baby's weight.

Specialists warn that large doses of interferon can adversely affect the child's health.Often, children are prescribed to bury in the nose "Interferon". In this drug dosage interferon small, they do not harm, but also the effectiveness of such treatment and prevention, specialists are under great doubt.

Thus, if the doctor sees the feasibility of applying antiviral tools, it must prescribe a treatment that will flow under the hospital under the control of doctors.

An independent choice of funds, in the name of which there is a word "antiviral", does not make sense and at best simply will not hurt, but also will not have any action on the course of illness.

Dr. Komarovsky talks about antiviral drugs in the following video.

Homeopathic remedies

Many parents choose preparations that do not have drugs to treat their children, they are homeopathic. Moreover, no one warns the parents about it. Most of the widely advertised drugs from influenza and colds - homeopathy, meaning that the doses of the active substance are so small in them, which are calculated by molecules, and not milligrams. The child is essentially getting a pill of flu, but sugar, starch and water.

Homeopathic preparations include all the well-known "Anaferon" and "Anaferon Children", "Ovilocqing", "Ergoferon", "Viferon". It is these funds in modern pediatrics that are favorite and most appointed. Doctors know for sure that it is homeopathy, but it is tactfully silent. This is because the flu will pass, after 3-5 days. However, parents will be calmer if the doctor with a reputable type will write them at least something.

Homeopathic drugs can not harm the baby, the doctors are well aware of this. But the benefit from them was not experimentally proved.

Whether to spend the family budget for such drugs, solve only moms and dads. The truth is that such "medicines" is very useful for those who produce them, each cold season they bring their creators multi-billion dollars.

Read more homeopathic preparations Look in the transfer of Dr. Komarovsky.

Vitamins

Vitamins for a child with influenza, are useful and needed. They have a lining effect, but in no way treat the flu itself. Therefore, there is no point in making an unfortunate child to press the sour lemon if he has all signs of influenza. About how vitamin C for viral ailments affects, doctors argue for a long time. However, the point in this dispute was put by scientists who were able to prove that no doses of ascorbic acid are able to cure a person from the flu, but this substance can slightly facilitate the flow of the disease.

Therefore, there is nothing wrong with the fact that Mama welds his sick baby Morse from black currant, will give tea with lemon if he has no allergies for citrus, or buy delicious and pleasant vitamins in the pharmacy. The likelihood of the development of complications is, of course, will not affect, but also will not harm.

How to treat?

The correct treatment of influenza is the symptomatic treatment, which is not implied without the need to use neither antibiotics or antiviral drugs.

Systemic preparations, as can be understood from all over the above, are relevant only with severe and toxic forms of the disease. In all other cases, parents must perform general recommendations - Moisturize the air, rinse the nose, follow the observance of the bed mode and generously drink your child.

Symptomatic treatment includes funds that will help the child to survive several days of influenza infection with the smallest loss. If the kid has developed a runny nose, it is allowed to bury the vasoconstrictor drops, for example, "Nazivin" or "Nazol" in his children's forms.

It should be remembered that more than 5 days such drugs should not be applied, they develop persistent drug addiction.

Heating agents based on paracetamol will help reduce heat. If they turn out to be ineffective, the temperature does not fall, you can give a child a non-steroid anti-inflammatory "ibuprofen" or other drugs based on it, ibuprofen also relieves high temperature.

It should be remembered that the high heat for influenza is a protective mechanism of children's immunity.

It was during the heat in the body that the production of natural interferons is stimulated, which come into a merciless war with a penetrating virus. This is the best medicine for influenza. Therefore, it is recommended to approach the heat to reduce the heat. It is necessary to give antipyretic tools only when it is really necessary.

If the child's age allows a little to be patient, it is better to do it.

With a strong dry cough, you can give a child a musolitic agent, which facilitate the process of formation and expectoration of sputum, when vomiting or diarrhea, sorbents should be applied and comply with drinking mode to prevent dehydration.

You can protect the child from complications by concerning peace by reducing the load on all organs and systems of its body.

Immunomodulators, which are often recommended by manufacturers as a means from influenza, should not be given if the child has no diseases of the immune system. "Isoprosine" and other funds should be taken only on the appointment of a doctor, and not on the advice of the pharmacist from the neighboring pharmacy.

Normal somatic healthy child It does not need to stimulate immune defense, it will "work" without pills and pill.

Treatment with folk remedies

The effectiveness of folk remedies for influenza is about the same as in most advertised drugs. At best there will be no harm. If you really want to treat a child, then it is preliminarily to talk to your doctor and understand that not all folk remedies are equally useful.

The main thing is to assimilate that there are several prohibitions that are better not to discuss. Such actions of mom and dad can harm the child with influenza.

Wiping with vinegar, vodka or ice wraps with high heat. This can cause a sharp drop in thermoregulation, spasm of vessels.

Walking the child into warm things, the coating of a barzuccia fat, and the dry mustard in his socks. This may cause a violation of heat transfer, the body overheating.

Installing onion or garlic juice. These are aggressive substances that "burn" and cripple mucous membranes.

Prevention

Flu vaccination will help protect the child. It is included in the mandatory calendar of preventive vaccinations. I do not have to give up it. Of course, the vaccination does not guarantee that the child is not infected, but it will provide a lighter course of the disease and will minimize the likelihood of the development of dangerous complications. This is the only specific measure of prevention. All others are considered non-specific.

These include more attentive attitude to precautions in dangerous in terms of the probability of infection period. In the spring and autumn, it is not worthwhile to visit the places of mass accumulation of people, especially if these clusters are in a closed room.

Do not violate quarantine requirements if it is introduced in an educational institution or kindergarten. If the baby failed to protect the baby, it is important to take only the prescribed drugs, do not engage in self-medication. Influenza PR proper treatment Quickly quickly passes.

For the prevention, a balanced nutrition is beneficial, rich in vitamins. If a child has a diet that is appointed by a doctor about a disease, it is necessary to take multivitamins. Do not fear walks. Walking in winter is useful and necessary, the flu virus during frost in the air quickly loses activity.

Systematic sports, an active and healthy lifestyle will help strengthen the immunity and make the kid are healthier.

What is the feature of the influenza virus and how to treat him, will tell Dr. Komarovsky in the next video.

Flu in a child - age from 0 to 3 years and older

Diagnosis of ARVI

combines all viral agents able to cause characteristic symptoms of intoxication and lesions of the upper respiratory tract. The definition of a particular virus is engaged only in special cases. One of the options can be an epidemic of influenza, when statistics and specific treatment methods are important. The flu virus is a greater danger to young children. In this article I want to consider detail the features of distribution, symptoms, diagnosis and medical events With influenza.

What is flu

Influenza is called a sharp respiratory disease caused by a special group viruses. There are three varieties of influenza virus - A, B and C. View C is rare and practically does not change its properties over time. The influenza virus is observed a little more often and is slightly prone to variability.

The most dangerous is influenza A. It is this kind that causes epidemics and a pandemic, leading to numerous complications and fatal outcomes. Such an aggressive action of the agent is associated with the constant variability of its genetic material. With the appearance of an outbreak of the incidence of flu in a patient, immunity is beginning to be formed to a concussion. And, it would seem, during the next epidemic, it should be protected, but the virus has already been transformed and a high risk of infection has appeared again.

The flu virus is very sensitive to various kinds of physical and chemical influences:

In this regard, a number of measures have been developed that successfully prevent the rapid spread of infection.

Distribution and path of transmission of a viral agent

Children are especially subject to influenza infection. The infection is most often affecting the age category from 6 months to 3 years. This is largely due to the first contacting of the child with society. As the frequency and the severity of the flupent is reduced. The kids up to six months are protected by congenital immunity, transferred by the mother, and relatively insulated, which contributes to more rarely infected with viral particles at this age.

The causes of fast and massive coverage of the flu are:

• 1. Easy and ease of transmission of viral particles.
  By distribution, the air-drip is more often, but consumer. There are cases of transplacentate fetus infection. With air-drip transmission through cough or sneezing, microorganisms hang in the air within a few minutes. Therefore, it is especially important to carry a medical mask for a sick person.
• 2. A short period from the moment of human infection before the start of clinical manifestations and the ability to infect other people.
  The shorter this period, the greater the number of people have time to infect.
• 3. High infinity.
  In the presence of certain factors, absolutely anyone can be infected with the influenza virus.

The reasons weakening the protection of the body in front of the flu are background chronic diseases:

Classification

The ICB-10 flu has a J10 code and two diagnosis options:

By the course of the disease, 4 forms are isolated:

Symptoms of influenza

1. After penetrating the influenza virus into the mucousness of the upper respiratory tract, active reproduction of the agent begins and the integrity of the tissues of organs and the walls of the vessels.
This time is called the incubation period, when there are no clinical manifestations of the disease and a child or an adult is not infectious for others. With a flu influenza, the incubation period lasts from several hours to two days, for other types of influenza, a longer time of the reproduction of the microorganism is characterized.

2. The period of the sickness of the disease.
The prevailing is common inxication syndrome, which arises suddenly, rapidly increases and can reach his peak in a couple of hours. The manifestations of intoxication refers:

After some time, weak local symptoms are added to the main symptoms:

In the toxic and hypertoxic form of influenza often occur:

Fevering syndrome retreats for 3-5 days of the disease, after which the child ceases to be contagious, and complete recovery occurs on average for 7-10 days. However, over the next 2-3 weeks, the body is still in a weakened state and requires a protective regime.

Features of clinical manifestations from different age categories

1. In children under 6 months Due to the preservation of congenital immunity, a special course of the disease:

For the presence of influenza, parents must push:

2. Aged 1 to 3 years There are characteristic features of flu flowing:

Diagnostics

In the arsenal of modern laboratories, both rapid methods and longer emissions of the pathogen are available.

The most common express method is an immunofluorescent study of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. The duration of the analysis is 3 hours.

In practice, most of the diagnoses of "influenza" are exhibited on the basis of complaints, clinical manifestations and inspection of the child.

Influenza treatment in children

If the child is suspected to infection, the flu virus should immediately cause a precipitated pediatrician or ambulance brigade. Experts will examine the baby, the issue of hospitalization will decide and when leaving the child at home will give the necessary recommendations.

Children are subject to hospitalization:

All others are left at home provided isolation, compliance with the strict bed mode for the entire period of increasing body temperature and proper care.

Child care patients with flu

Creating favorable conditions for the baby greatly facilitates the course of the disease and speeds up the process of recovery:

Also, a considerable role is played by food during the disease:

Medicia treatment

I told in detail about therapy with drugs at ARVI in its previous article, here only I will indicate the main points and features of the treatment with influenza.

1. The treatment of feverish syndrome is produced at a body temperature above 38.0 ° C.. Preparations of choice are parasitimol (nourofen for children in syrup), or Panadol - from 3 months.

2. Causal treatment of influenza is carried out by antiviral drugs and interferon inductors:

With severe and hypertoxic flow of influenza, children intramuscularly introduced immunoglobulin human anti-hypospose.

3. Antibiotic therapy is advisable to the additional layering of the bacterial flora and at heart age, when signs of bacterial infection difficult to identify. Amoxiclav (from 3 months), ceftazidim (from 6 months), azithromycin (from 0 years) is most often prescribed.

4. Treatment of catarrhal symptoms:

5. If there is an allergic component, it is advisable to appoint antiallergic tools: Supratine (from 0 years) or Zirtek (from 6 months).

7. Strictly contraindicated reception in childhood:

Complications of the disease

The influenza virus during penetration into the body is aimed at damage to the tissues of the central nervous system and the vascular bed, also decreases the resistance of the children's body with its bacteria. Complications emerging from this fact:

Such a number of serious complications requires the maximum attention of the parents when the child appears signs of infection with the influenza virus. And with the perfect version, it is necessary to propagate the appearance of flu correctly.

Influenza prevention in children

For flu in our country, specific prevention is provided in the form of annual vaccination of the children's population, starting from 6 months of age. The vaccine provides for the development of immunity to a certain version of the influenza virus A, so the occurrence of the disease during the epidemic period does not indicate the ineffectiveness of the vaccine. In any case, the vaccinated child is much easier and with fewer complications transfers a viral attack.

Non-specific prophylaxis include:

Influenza is a viral respiratory disease that affects people mostly in the cold season. Unlike conventional cold, flu is infectious, and the infectious flash can lead to mass epidemics. There are many of its varieties and dangerous complications. Parents are wondering how to protect children from influenza, whether vaccination is effective and how necessary it is. There are categories of adults and children for whom its conduct is extremely desirable, since they are inevitable with serious consequences.

• Features of the disease and its causative agent
• Causes of influenza disease
• Symptoms of the disease
• Influenza Development Stages
• Flu complications in children
• When which signs appear, the "ambulance" should be called
• Features of manifestations of "swine flu"
• Features of the manifestations of "avian influenza"

Diagnostics Treatment of influenza

• Recommendations of doctors
• Folk remedies

Prevention of influenza

Features of the disease and its causative agent

The flu refers to the number of acute viral infectious diseases affecting the organs of the respiratory system. The peculiarity is that the formation of persistent immunity to this infection is impossible.

A lot of varieties of the influenza virus are known, besides, its constant mutation occurs, as a result of which all new types of pathogen appear. Antigens that are produced in the body after illness cannot protect against another type of such an infection. There is a so-called "antigen drift".

There are 3 types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C.

The most dangerous of them is a virus A type. It is because of it that there is a massive infection of people and the emergence of epidemics. In the composition of the virus there are protein substances of two types (H and N), which are combined in a wide variety of combinations (for example, H5N1 or H1N1). This, as well as the ability of the virus to constantly mutate leads to the formation of new hazardous forms of the disease.

Some viruses are able to hit the organisms of only certain living beings (horses, for example). Others are easily transmitted from animals to person (for example, avian influenza, swine flu).

Often the flu is confused with a cold, since the first signs of them are similar. However, the cold is sick individually, it arises exclusively due to supercooling. It can be easily removed from it. The flu is soon or too late. During epidemics, even the most hardened and physically strong people are not protected from it. Children are especially easily infected due to the imperfection of the immune system and age features Respiratory structures. In young children, the disease proceeds harder, and the danger of complications is higher than in adults.

Video: What is flu, its types

Causes of influenza disease

Influenz viruses are applied to air-droplets, enter the body when inhaling infected air. In conversation, sneezing and cough of the patient, the causative agents of the infection fall into the air together with the particles of saliva and mucus. The conditions most favorable for the development of influenza viruses are sufficiently dry air with a temperature from -5 ° to + 5 °.

The carrier of the virus can even be a person who does not suspect that it is not infected, since he has no symptoms, may appear later when the incubation period is over.

Children tightly communicate between themselves in kindergarten or school, besides, they often get shed, as they have a non-sufficiently developed system of thermoregulation of the body (they quickly overheat and sweat). Against the backdrop of a cold, the development of the virus in the body is accelerated.

How fast is infected by a particular person depends on the individual characteristics of its immunity. The peak of the influenza disease falls at the end of the winter-high spring, when the weakening of immunity contributes to a seasonal lack of vitamins. In addition, due to a short light day in winter, the child's body suffers from a lack of ultraviolet irradiation necessary for proper physical development.

The relaxation of immunity contributes poor nutrition of children, lack of sleep, the presence of chronic diseases, accommodation in dysfunctional sanitary and hygienic conditions, poor environmental medium.

Symptoms of the disease

The manifestations of influenza are not specific, they are characteristic of other ORVI. These include signs of damage to the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (catarler), as well as the symptoms of intoxication of the organism substances that viruses are isolated during their livelihoods. It is characteristic that with influenza, unlike other viral diseases, signs of intoxication (fever, weakness, pain in the joints) appear suddenly, and catarrhal diseases are already at the stage of further development of the disease.

Influenza Development Stages

The development of the virus occurs in several stages that have appropriate manifestations.

1 stage (infection). The virus enters the mucous membrane of the nose and the mouth of the child and is introduced into its cells. During this period, the child does not feel his presence.

2 Stage (incubation period). The breeding of viruses inside the cells occurs, the rapid increase in their quantity. At this stage, the first influenza symptoms in the infected child, such as drowsiness, lethargy, and fast fatigue may appear. The duration of this stage depends on how strong the body resistance is kid. The condition of the inexplicable weakness can last from 2 hours to 3 days. During this period, the child is already a virus monitoring and infects other people.

3 Stage (clinical manifestations). The duration of this period is 5-7 days. The appearance of symptoms is caused by the fact that the propagated viruses go beyond the cells, breaking them, and begin to destroy the following. Characteristic manifestations are:

• increased body temperature, its jumps from 37.5 ° to 39 °;
• lubrication in muscles and bones;
• liquid abundant runny nose with a separation of transparent mucus;
• general weakness, headache;
• an increase in submandibular lymph nodes;
• sore throat;
• the intolerance of bright light, tear.

During this period, the child is very infectious for others. Permanent sneezing contributes to the spread of viruses for a distance of 10 m from the patient.

4 Stage (bacterial-viral). During this period, bacteria are actively connected to the fight against viruses. If in a healthy body, immune defense prevents their reproduction, then at this stage it is already weakened by viruses. As a result, viruses begin to die. Signs of bacterial damage to organs are developing, such as difficult to the temperature, reaching 40 °, the appearance of cough (dry "barking" or with abundant moocroty), thickening mucus in the nose and the occurrence of a green shade. The duration of this period and the severity of manifestations depend on the nature of the treatment.

5 Stage (outcome of the disease). Depending on the effectiveness of treatment, it is recovered, or complications begin to manifest.

Note: Interestingly, if a person has a strong immunity to a certain variety virus, the development of the disease may not occur at all or stop at an early stage (the flu will be held in 3 days, the manifestations will be expressed weakly). But when other types of virus appears, it is quite capable of getting serious complications.

Flu complications in children

Flu complications in children can be chronic inflammatory processes in the incomplete sinuses (sinusites), inflammation of the middle ear (otitis), purulent pleurisy, pneumonia, bronchitis, tracheitis. Defeat is possible of cardio-vascular system. The hardest complication is inflammation of the brain (meningitis), encephalitis.

It is possible to occur in the brain, damage to the nervous system and kidneys. Flu is especially dangerous for young children. The so-called respiratory distress syndrome can develop - stop breathing.

At temperatures above 38 ° in kids under 3 years old can occur seizures (loss of consciousness, twitching limbs, eye rigging, spontaneous urination and diarrhea). The reason for their appearance is the peculiarity of the children's nervous system, its underdevelopment. Sometimes such convulsions arise in children under 6 years. If they appear later, it leads to a violation of the development of the nervous system, epilepsy.

When which signs appear, the "ambulance" should be called

Urgent help of the doctor is required in the following cases:

• with increasing temperature in children up to 40 °;
• if a loss of consciousness occurs, fainting;
• when convulsion appears, feverish state;
• when the child has a breath, with inhalation and exhalation of air he feels chest pain;
• if there is a constant pain behind the sternum (this may be a sign of heart damage);
• when coughing with pink sputum, pus, blood clots;
• if the child has occurs.

Features of manifestations of "swine flu"

Increased danger of this disease is that within a few hours from the moment of infection, children develop a super heavy form, in which there is a pulmonary edema or acute heart failure, leading to death.

With this form, the temperature rises sharply to 41 °, pain in muscles, joints, stomach and head appear, there are sharp blood pressure jumps. Bleeding from the nose occur and small areas of subcutaneous hemorrhages appear caused by the damage to the vessels. Signs of nasal congestion expressed weakly, worried about a small runny nose (with transparent mucus) and a wet cough.

In the presence of such manifestations, urgent hospitalization is necessary. Recovery is possible if immediately after the appearance of symptoms begin treatment.

Features of the manifestations of "avian influenza"

The incubation period of this disease can last up to 8 days. Then they quickly develop such symptoms as pain in the whole body, runny nose, cough. They begin to bleed gums as a result of the thinning of the vessels, respiratory failure appears, severe pneumonia occurs. Fully outcome is possible.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made in order to make sure that the child has an infectious infectious disease, to establish its viral nature and distinguish from other ARVIs having similar symptoms (adenovirus, coronairus and other infections).

To diagnose the type of virus, an immunological analysis of blood (IFA) is carried out. Microscopic study of smears from the nose and the oral cavity allows you to detect the presence of viruses, bacteriological sowing is made to confirm the attachment of the bacterial infection.

If necessary, fluorography is carried out to detect inflammatory processes in the lungs.

Physic treatment

For the treatment of a conventional cold is required, as a rule, only relief of symptoms. If you do nothing, a maximum in a week there is an independent recovery. With influenza, mandatory serious treatment is required, in the absence of severe complications.

If the disease occurs in a light form, the treatment is carried out at home.

Warning: It is necessary to show the child to the doctor and go through the necessary examination before you begin to independently treat. It is impossible to give the child antibiotics without a pediatrician appointment. They will not kill viral infection, but will destroy the useful microflora who can overcome viruses.

Antibiotics The doctor prescribes only when bacterial complications appear, such as bronchitis, inflammation of the middle ear.

In the early stages, the reception of the antivirus drugs of the Arbidol, Remanthadina, Tamiflu is appointed. In the form of droplets, infpopheron (from birth), Anaferon Children's (from 6 months), xylomezoline (from 2 years of age) are used. These drugs stimulate the production of interferon in the body, contribute to the strengthening of immunity.

If the temperature rises above 38 °, then children are given antipyretic agents (paracetamol, ibuprofen, nurofen). To remove viruses, washing the nose of the nose with saline or aquamaris (naval salt solution).

In the first days of the disease, the child must observe the bed regime. Food should be lightweight (you should feed the baby with porridge, vegetable puree, fruit). If the patient from food refuses, no need to insist that he eats. It is necessary to consume a lot of fluid. For drinking used water, compote, roshovenik.

The room should be cool (with a temperature not higher than 20 °) and wet (at least 50%) air. Wet cleaning and frequent ventilation will make it easier for the patient's condition and accelerate recovery. For about 4 days, when it becomes a little better, it is necessary to make small walks in the fresh air to improve the operation of the respiratory agencies, to stimulate the improvement in appetite and mood.

Any drugs can be given only from the doctor's knowledge, which takes into account the age and weight of children, the presence of contraindications to the use of individual drugs. It is not possible to burst into the nose of vasoconstrictors, as the body quickly gets used to them, the opposite effect may occur.

Video: Folk Methods of Influenza Prevention in Children and Adults

Folk remedies

To use people's methods Flu treatment should be treated with great caution. For example, if with a conventional cold to reduce the heat, children are wiping by alcohol solution with subsequent wrap, then with a flu, such a procedure can lead to the death of the patient due to the violation of the natural thermoregulation of the body.

Any thermal procedures are prohibited (warming up in a bath, for example). It is impossible to give children home alcohol tinctures for intake. To facilitate the well-being of the child, along with the use of drugs appointed by the doctor, you can give it vitaminized antipyretic teas with raspberries, mint, atrochemus, chamomile, cranberries.

Mainly applied home preventive meanscapable of reduced child susceptibility to viral infection (for example, hanging in the room of garlic or onions heads), the span of a nasal with salt water. Popular are preventive inhalation with eucalyptus, pine. These plants contain phytoncides that kill viruses.

Prevention of influenza

The prevention of influenza, as well as any other infectious disease, is to comply with the rules of hygiene. Children need to explain that the hands should often wash with soap, you can not pull them in your mouth, rub your eyes, touch the face with dirty hands.

If there is a sick influenza in the house, you need to exclude a child with him. During the epidemic, you need to avoid visiting public places.

The probability of the disease helps reduce the prophylactic lubrication of the nasal mucosa by oxoline ointment. Several times a day, especially after returning from the street, it is necessary to wash the nose to the baby with salted water.

Vaccination

The vaccine helps to protect yourself from a non-specific influenza. Specialists carry out permanent distribution studies different species Virus in different parts of the planet. They are able to predict what type of virus will prevail in this region in the upcoming cold season. In accordance with this every time it is created new vaccineeffective against infection.

Children's vaccination is a real prevention measure. It is especially advisable to conduct it weakened children (premature, having immune disorders, patients with asthma, diabetes). Doing the vacuum from influenza should be at the end of summer or in September (during the epidemic, it is useless). It should be used high-quality vaccine.

Video: Features of flu vaccination

Influenza in children are not uncommon, it is one of the most common seasonal diseases. Baby sick influenza 5 times more often than adults, and for them this disease is much more dangerous due to the high risk of complications. The flu is impossible to be allowed on samothek, to be treated only by folk remedies and, especially, to wait for the disease "by itself." Each parent should know what the symptoms of influenza in children, which doctors to contact and what preventive measures should be taken.

Causes of influenza in children

No matter how common is the disaster myth about the cold, first of all, it should be clarified that the flu is sick not from walking without caps and shielded legs. The supercooling as such does not provoke the disease, however increases the chances to infected: the cold causes the spasm of small vessels and does not most affect the work of the immune system.

Influenza is a viral disease, and the flu virus spreads quickly, possessing high degree virulence (variability). The flu virus mutates almost annually, and it is almost impossible to develop steady immunity to it - even if you have already silent the flu in the current season, nothing prevents you from catching it again if you come across another strain of this virus. That is why vaccination against influenza has to be held annually.

The flu epidemic occurs every year in the autumn-winter period, and pandemics covering the whole world - once every 15-20 years.

It's very easy to infect influenza. Most often, it is transmitted from a person to a man with air-droplet - enough to make someone sneeze next to your child. But this virus can be transmitted and domestic (dirty hands, etc.). By itself, the virus is unstable, and it is easy to destroy by any household antiseptic or detergent, but such hygienic standards are supported only at home. Yes, and children themselves, not fully learned the importance of hygiene, often wash their hands irregularly, love to exchange toys, drink from one glass, etc., which only increases the risk of getting sick.

Symptoms of the disease

In the first 2-3 days after infection, the child feels good, there are no signs of the disease. But as the virus spread in the body, the condition deteriorates sharply. Usually the beginning of the influenza in children is acute, it begins with a sudden increase in temperature to 39 o C and even 40 o C (especially this is characteristic of children up to 5 years). Chills appears, pain in muscles and lubrication in the joints, headache, there may also be a dry cough, a runny nose, sore throat. Due to intoxication, the appetite decreases, vomiting may begin. The toxins secreted by the virus destroy the capillaries, which leads to bleeding from the nose or the occurrence of rash. Sometimes toxic damage affects the central nervous system, leading to nonsense, cramps, hallucinations.

Influenza treatment in children

Doctors distinguish between a few forms of typical influenza in children:

• Light form - the temperature is not higher than 37.5 o C, a small cough, irritation of the mucous membrane of the throat.
• Medium-heavy shape - headache, pain in muscles and joints, weakness, chills, nausea and vomiting, temperature up to 39.5 o C, cough, difficulty breathing.
• Heavy shape - temperature up to 40.5 o C, the perisage of consciousness, nonsense and hallucinations.
• Hyperstoxic shape - extremely rapid development and flow, temperature up to 40.5 o C, bleeding from the nose, rash, nonsense and loss of consciousness, convulsions.

With light and medium-wing forms, the condition of the child is improving after 3-4 days, but the cough and the hole in the throat can be maintained another 10-15 days. The forecast is almost always favorable. The hard form is more dangerous, it is fraught with complications. An even more dangerous hypertoxic form, which often leads to a fatal outcome.

The treatment of influenza in children depends on the severity of symptoms and the form of the disease.

Easy and medium-haul form usually do not require indoors in the hospital. The main method of treatment is to ensure the correct mode. The child must lie in bed, in a warm, but well-ventilated room. Diet these days should be easy. A child who is ill with influenza loses appetite, and it is impossible to feed him forcibly. It is better if the patient buses a couple of soup spoons in a voluntary order than a complete dinner of three dishes. All the same, the case will end with vomiting, additional stress and irritation without the inflamed mucous membranes of the larynx.

The flu diet should be light and rich in protein, while the dishes themselves must be warm (but not hot) and have a delicate consistency. Soups, souffle, puree - the most optimal menu, if the child fell ill with the flu.

For viral diseases Very important abundant drink. It, like food, should not be hot. Hot tea or decoction will cause a burn without that inflamed mucous membranes and make it difficult for their restoration. Better to give a warm child herbal teas, Natural juices (not sour), fruit, compotes, water.

Baby drugs from influenza

The treatment of influenza in children must necessarily include antiviral drugs - this is the basis of therapy. Today, oseltamivir ("Tamiflu", from a 2-week age) and Zanamivir ("Releza", for children over 7 years old), "Cycloferon", "Inhabirin" are used. To prescribe these drugs should a doctor, because, being antiviral, they do not help with bacterial infections, and it is almost impossible to distinguish the viral lesion from the bacterially impossible, for this you need laboratory tests. In addition, these funds have contraindications, and side effects.

Symptomatic treatment is of great importance. If the temperature is high, it is better to knock it up to prevent hyperthermia. Cool compresses on the forehead and wiping the skin with a weak solution of alcohol, and also - if the temperature is above 38.5 0 with the reception of the antipyretic, for example ibuprofen.

To relieve respiration, the rinte is shown by washing purified sea water, for example, Aqua Maris, Akavoror, as well as vesseloring drops and sprays - "Nazol Baby", "Refirvin Baby" and others designed specifically for children tools (the concentration of the active substance in them is lower than in similar drops and sprays For adults).

The cough drugs are two species - some suppress the corresponding reflex, stopping dry unproductive cough, others dilute the wet and contribute to it, alleviating the wet cough. The use of unsuitable funds can cause very serious complications: an error in self-selection of drugs may be expensive, so the doctor should be diagnosed and prescribed any drugs.

What threatens the wrong treatment or his absence?

The flu is primarily dangerous by its complications, including:

• pneumonia, including the most dangerous variety - viral hemorrhagic pneumonia, which develops rapidly and often leads to a fatal outcome;
• meningitis and encephalitis;
• muscle diseases, for example, alone, which is characterized by severe pain in the muscles;
• otitis;
• rhinitis;
• sinusitis;
• bronchitis.

Flu prophylaxis in children: how to protect your child?

It is impossible to exclude contact with the virus. Therefore, prevention measures should be directed not so much to the insulation of the baby, how much to reduce this probability and strengthen the child's immune system.

Strengthen the protective forces of the body will help:

• diet with a minimum of fast food and products subjected to deep industrial processing;
• according to the testimony of the doctor - additional reception of vitamin and mineral complexes;
• daily walks and the game in the fresh air.

During the epidemic, it is necessary Additional protective measures:

• frequent ventilation of rooms to reduce the concentration of the virus in the air;
• regular hand washing and not only before meals - often the virus enters the body in this way;
• regular wet cleaning with antiseptic detergents.

Especially important for the prevention of flu timely vaccination, which is carried out annually in the fall, before the start of the epidemic season.