General blood test (clinical blood test) - laboratory study, which allows to evaluate the hemoglobin blood content indicators, the number of erythrocytes, the number of leukocytes, platelets, the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells and other important indicators.

Common clinical blood test is the most common analysis. It is assigned to preventive examinations, as well as with most diseases.

Using the general analysis of blood, it is possible to identify: viral and bacterial diseases, the presence of inflammatory or malignant processes, pathologies, various violations in blood formation, possible helminthoses and allergies, and also allows you to evaluate general state Human health.

Preparation for general blood test

Blood test must be handed over to an empty stomach. Within 6-8 hours (and better 12), before passing a general blood test, food is not allowed, as well as such drinks, like juice, tea, coffee and alcohol. It is necessary to reduce physical activity. Do not use medical preparations, otherwise, warn about the medications of the doctor.

Only water is allowed, desirable boiled.

Blood fence for analysis is carried out:

• from finger (in most cases - nameless)
• from Vienna

Common blood test - decoding

HGB - hemoglobin. Blood pigment erythrocytes. Transfers oxygen from the lungs to organs and tissues of the body, and then back carbon dioxide To easy.

Increased hemoglobin provokes: excessive physical exertion, long height stay, blood thickening, smoking.

Reduced hemoglobin provokes :.

RBC - Erythrocytes (Red Blood Taurus). Blood elements containing hemoglobin. They are involved in the transportation of oxygen and maintain the processes of biological oxidation in the body.

A permissible increase in the number of red blood cells. A minor increase in erythrocytes can be associated with -, thickening blood due to burns, diuretic reception.

An increased amount of erythrocytes: neoplasms, kidney polycystosis, renal pelvis, disease and Cushing syndrome, steroid treatment.

The reduced amount of erythrocytes: anemia, pregnancy, blood loss, reducing the intensity of the formation of erythrocytes in the bone marrow, the accelerated destruction of red blood cells, hyperhydration.

Color indicator. Indicates the content of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Increased color indicator: disadvantage and, polyposis of the stomach.

Reduced color indicator: anemia, diseases with impaired hemoglobin synthesis.

RTC - reticulocytes. Young non-agricultural forms of red blood cells, normally located in the bone marrow.

Increased reticulocytes: enhancing erythrocyte education at.

The reduced amount of reticulocytes: aplastic anemia, kidney disease, violation of the ripening of red blood cells.

PLT - platelets. Elements formed from cells bone marrowparticipating in blood clotting process.

A natural increase in platelet levels is noted after exercise, and a decrease during and during pregnancy.

Elevated level platelets: inflammatory process in the body, polycythemia, myelolomicosis, after removal of spleen and surgical operations.

Low level platelets: bad coatability blood, thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic autoimmune diseases, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemolytic disease, iso immunization for blood groups and a rhesus factor.

ESR - ESO (accurate sedimentation of red blood cells). Indicator of the pathological condition of the body.

Elevated SE: infectious inflammatory diseases (inflammation, acute infection, poisoning), anemia, collagenosis, kidney damage, liver, endocrine disorders, pregnancy, postpartum period, menstruation, bone fractures, postoperative period.

Reduced ESP: hyperbilirubinemia, elevated level of bile acids, chronic insufficiency blood circulation, eritremia, hypoofibrinogenemia.

WBC - leukocytes (White Blood Cells). Formed in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. Designed to recognize and neutralizing alien components, protecting cellular immunity from viruses and bacteria, eliminating the dying cells of their own organism. Types of leukocytes: lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles, lymphocytes, monocytes.

Increased leukocyte (leukocytosis): acute inflammatory processes, purulent processes, infectious diseases, tissue injuries, during pregnancy, after childbirth and during feeding period, after physical Loads.

Reduced number of leukocytes (leukopenia): aplasia or bone marrow hypoplasia, radiation disease, abdominal typhoid, viral diseases; , disease Addison-Burmer, collagenosis, aplasia and bone marrow hypoplasia, bone marrow damage chemicals or drugs, hyperplanism, acute leukemia, myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndromes, plasmacitoma, metastasis of neoplasms to bone marrow, pernicious anemia, typhoid and paratif.

The reduced amount may also be after receiving or after some medicinal preparations.

LYM - lymphocytes. These are the main cells immune system. They struggle with viral infections, destroy alien cells and their own if they are mutated, isolated into the blood of antibodies - immunoglobulins.

Elevated amount of lymphocytes: viral infections, lympholoicosis.

The reduced amount of lymphocytes: acute non-revructible infections, aplastic anemia, systemic red lupus, immunodeficiency states, loss of lymphs.

Neutrophila – caidiary and segmennoid. This is a group of leukocyte cells. Their main task is to destroy the pathogenic bacteria in the blood and tissues. Meeting with bacteria Non-philosus absorb her, split inside themselves and die.

Increased neutrophil:, sepsis, blood diseases, intoxication, gangrene, extensive burns, appendicitis, LOR infections, malignant tumor, cholera ,.

The increase in neutrophils can also be caused by recent vaccination, suffering from the disease, pregnancy, physical activity, and even a dense dinner.

Reduced number of neutrophils: leukemia, anemia, B12 deficiency and folic acid, sociality After some drugs, after chemotherapy, typhoid, etc.

The reduced content of eosinophils: childbirth, purulent infections, operational intervention, shock.

Bas - basophiles. Are a subspecies of granulocyte leukocytes. They are responsible for the allocation of histamine.

Increased content of basophils: hypersensitivity reactions, chronic sinusitis.

The reduced content of basophils:, pregnancy, ovulation, stress, acute infections.

MON - monocytes. Very important cells of the immune system. They are responsible for the final destruction of alien cells and proteins, foci of inflammation and destroyed tissues. They are the first to meet the antigen and represent its lymphocytes for an immune response.

Increased monocytes: viral and fungal infections, sarcoidosis, leukemia, systemic diseases connective tissue.

The reduced amount of monocytes: aplastic anemia, high-seater cellular leukemia.

Information about the norm of indicators of the general blood test indicators in this article is provided for informational purposes. It is impossible to decipher the analysis itself, to diagnose and assign treatment !!! For proper decoding and diagnosis, more information and consultation of the doctor is necessary.

Common blood test - norm

Normal blood indicators can be found in the following sign:

Where can I pass the blood test?

- Expected...

Tags: Common Blood Analysis, Clinical Blood Analysis, Blood Analysis Normal, Blood Analysis Decoding, Where to Detach Blood Analysis, Blood Analysis Results, Table Decryption Table Blood Analysis, Blood Analysis, Blood Analysis St. Petersburg, Blood Analysis Samara

General blood analysis (Other of his name - clinical blood test) - This is a basic study appointed by the doctors of various specialties when treating the patient. If you have complaints about bad well-being, then the doctor will most likely assign you a general blood test (abbreviated Oak). The results of the analysis will allow him to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe state of your health and decide in which direction you need to move on, for example, what studies are still needed for diagnosis.

What is needed a general blood test. Why is this analysis so important?

Blood is a special tissue that is transport for various substances between other tissues, organs and systems, while ensuring the unity and constancy of the body's interior. Thus, most processes affecting the condition of different tissues and organs, one way or another, are reflected in the blood state.

Blood consists of plasma (liquid part of blood) and uniform elements - leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes. Each type of shaped elements has its own functions: leukocytes are responsible for immune protection, platelets - for coagulation of blood, red blood cells provide oxygen transport and carbon dioxide.

In a healthy person, the composition of the blood is quite constant, and with the disease it changes. Therefore, with the help of blood test, it is possible to establish that the disease takes place. Sometimes a common blood test allows you to detect a disease on early stageWhen the main symptoms of the disease are not yet manifested. That is why the UAC is carried out with any preventive examination. If there are symptoms, clinical analysis helps to understand the nature of the disease, determine the intensity of the inflammatory process. Clinical analysis is used to diagnose various inflammatory diseases, allergic conditions, blood diseases. Repeated general blood test will give a doctor the opportunity to judge the effectiveness of the appointed treatment, assess the tendency to recovery and, if necessary, adjust the course of treatment.

Blood Clinical Analysis Indicators

Common blood test necessarily contains the following indicators:

If necessary, the doctor may appoint an expanded clinical blood test. In this case, it will specifically indicate which indicators need to be additionally included in the analysis.

Decoding of indicators of general blood analysis

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a protein part of the erythrocyte part. Hemoglobin binds to oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules, which allows to deliver oxygen from the lungs in the tissue throughout the body, and carbon dioxide is back into the lungs. In its composition, hemoglobin contains iron. It is he who gives the red color of red blood cells (red blood tales), and already those of blood.

Blood saturation with hemoglobin is an extremely important indicator. If it drops, the body tissues receive less oxygen, and oxygen is necessary for the vital activity of each cell.

The rate of hemoglobin for men is 130-160 g / l, in women - 120-140 g / l. In children, there is no dependence on the floor, however, the number of erythrocytes (and, accordingly, the hemoglobin level) significantly exceeds the "adult" norm significantly exceeds the "adult" norm. And the first 2-3 weeks this figure is gradually decreasing, which should be borne in mind when evaluating the results of a general blood test.

With the values \u200b\u200bof the hemoglobin indicator below the norm is diagnosed. Also, low level Hemoglobin can talk about body hyper hydraigration (increased fluid consumption). Hemoglobin is higher than the norm, respectively, can be observed during dehydration (thickening of blood). Dehydration can be physiological (for example, due to increased physical exertion), and maybe pathological. Increased hemoglobin levels is a typical feature of Eritremia - blood building disorders at which it is produced increased quantity Erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes are red blood tales. They are much larger than all other uniform elements combined. That is why our blood is red. Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin and they are involved in the process of oxygen exchange in the body.

The rule of erythrocytes for men is 4-5 * 10 12 per liter of blood, for women - 3.9-4.7 * 10 12 per liter.

Color indicator

The color indicator is calculated by the formula that correlates the hemoglobin level and the number of erythrocytes. Normally, the color indicator must be close to one (0.85-1.05). The deviation from the norm is observed under anemia, and different types Anemia is manifested in different ways: the color indicator below the norm indicates the iron deficiency (the hemoglobin level is reduced to a greater extent than the number of erythrocytes); The color indicator above the norm is characteristic of other types of anemia (the number of erythrocytes is reduced to a greater extent than the level of hemoglobin).

Reticulocytes

Reticulocytes are young, not yet matured uniforms of red blood cells. The process of formation of erythrocytes is continuous, so the reticulocytes are always present in the composition of the blood. Norm: 2-10 reticulocytes of 1000 erythrocytes (2-10 ppm (‰), or 0.2-1%). If reticulocytes are greater than the norm, this suggests that the body feels the need to increase the number of erythrocytes (for example, due to their rapid destruction or blood loss). The reduced level of reticulocytes is characteristic of anemia, radiation disease, oncology (if metastases affected the bone marrow), some kidney diseases.

Thrombocytes

The main function of platelets is to provide hemostasis, that is, simply speaking, platelets are responsible for blood clotting. They also participate in the immune response of the body to penetrate the infection. Norm: 180-320 * 10 9 per liter. The reduced platelet level may indicate a severe inflammatory process or an autoimmune disease. The elevated level is characteristic of states after significant blood loss (for example, after the transferred operation), and is also observed when cancer diseases or atrophy (reducing the function) of the spleen.

Leukocytes

Leukocytes are white blood tales that perform a protective function, that is, representing the system of immunity. Normally, the total number of leukocytes must be in the range of 4-9 * 10 9 per liter.

Increasing the number of leukocytes speaks of an immune response of the body and is observed when infectious diseases (First of all, caused by bacteria), inflammatory processes, allergic reactions. High level Leukocytes may also be a consequence of recent bleeding, stress, tumor processes and some other pathologies.

The reduced level of leukocytes testifies to the oppressed state of the immune system. Such results may be observed when viral infection (), heavy toxicosis, sepsis, diseases of blood-forming organs, radiation disease, autoimmune diseases etc.

The value is not only a total assessment of the number of leukocytes. Five types of leukocytes are distinguished - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophiles, lymphocytes and monocytes; They all have different functionsAnd therefore it is important to know in what ratio they are presented in the composition of the blood. Ratio different species leukocytes in general terms call them leukocyte formula.

Neutrophila

An increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood thus indicates the presence of infection (first of all, it should be suspected bacterial infection), coming inflammatory process. It may also be the result of stress, intoxication, cancer.

Eosinophila

Basophiles

Norm: 0-1% of the total number of leukocytes.

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are the main cells of the immune system. They provide specific immunity, that is, recognize the penetrating alien agent and destroy it. With lymphocytes, the body struggles with viruses. Normally, lymphocytes are 19-37% of the total number of leukocytes. In children, the share of lymphocytes is greater. At the age of 1 month to two years, lymphocytes are the main type of leukocytes, it is they constitute the main observed mass. By 4-5 years, the number of leukocytes becomes comparable to the number of neutrophils. As the child grows, the decline continues, but at the age of 15 years in children of lymphocytes more than adults.

Increased content of lymphocytes in the blood indicates the penetration of viral infection; It is also noted with toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, syphilis.

The reduced amount of lymphocytes is a sign of the oppressed state of the immune system.

Monocytes.

Monocytes are in the blood on average about 30 hours, after which they leave the bloodstream and switch to tissue, where they turn into macrophages. The appointment of macrophages is to finally destroy the bacteria and the dead fabrics of the body, cleaning the place of inflammation for subsequent regeneration (restoration of healthy tissue). The norm for monocytes is 3-11% of the total number of leukocytes.

An increased amount of monocytes is characteristic of sluggish and long-term diseases, it is observed with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis. Is a specific feature.

ESO - Erythrocyte settlement speed

If the test tube with blood leave in vertical position, Erythrocytes - as a heavier blood fraction compared to the plasma - will begin to settle on the bottom. Ultimately, the contents of the test tube are divided into two parts: a thick and dark part at the bottom (this is just erythrocytes) and the bright part at the top (blood plasma). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is measured in mm / hour. Norm: 2-10 mm / h in men and 2-15 mm / hour in women. In children, pregnant and older people range normal values It will be different (in children it changes greatly with age).

A detailed overall blood test is more correctly called a common clinical analysis of blood for this study, specialists can estimate the state of the body, the presence of deviations in its work and the dynamics of improvements or deterioration during treatment. Its timely holding helps to warn many diseases and diagnose them in the early stages.

When a common clinical blood test is required

As compulsory monitoring, the overall clinical analysis of blood is shown in the inspection, even in the absence of complaints. Indications for research are also:

• suspicion of anemia;
• monitoring;
• definitions;
• with suspicion of development;
• checking the overall condition of the functions of the body;
• diagnosis of blood diseases or pathology of organ systems;
• when in history, to verify the dynamics of the body's condition;
• the study is carried out as control of the conducted treatment.

Video, Dr. Komarovsky: Clinical blood test

How to carry out a common blood test

Blood for general clinical analysis takes from a finger or from veins. Finger (usually from the nameless) is taken. When the capillary blood is closed, then the first speaking after the puncture of the drop is wiped with cotton. The rest goes to the test tube.

Blood fence

For fence venous blood Local vein is often used. With an expanded (venous) screening, the blood fence passes after pulling the hand above the elbow by a harness. To take the material, a syringe or a special test tube with a needle is used.

Blood from Vienna for analysis

Blood fence for analysis should be carried out in special laboratories. With the exception of acute states and urgent need for blood collection, the study is conducted on an empty stomach.

Video, Live Great: Leukocytes, White Blood Formula

Total blood test indicators, norm

The results of the analysis of capillary or venous blood can show the general condition of the patient, as well as to clearly identify the area in which problems develop. A detailed analysis of a certain set of blood indicators will give a detailed picture.

• The list of elements that are investigated under this procedure includes:
• the level of erythrocytes, averaged norm 3,7-5,1 * 10 12 / l;
• the average volume of erythrocytes, averaged norm 80-99 μm 3;
• hemoglobin indicator, averaged norm 120-160 g / l;
• hematocrit rate, averaged norm 36-48 %;
• color indicator (CPU) - the percentage concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells 0,9-1,1 ;
• reticulocyte levels, norm 0,5-1,2 %;
• erythrocyte anisocytosis, norm 11,5-14,5 %;
• platelet level, norm 180-320 * 10 9 / l;
• middle volume of platelets, norm 7-11 μm 3;
• indicator of the number of leukocytes, norm 4-9 * 10 9 / l;
• erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESO) averaged norm 2-15 mm / h.
• In addition, each component is described leukocyte formula. It includes: eosinophils, monocytes, rod, segmented, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophiles.

Deviation of each of the indicators from normal level Specifies to the development of pathology.

• Deciphering the analysis of capillary / venous blood, based on the individual state, age and sex of the surveyed, will change.

Video that say blood tests

Diseases that may show a general blood test

A detailed analysis of several dozen blood parameters allows you to determine exactly at what point of the body is developing pathology. According to the results of such a study, determining the type, nature and degree of development of the disease, is prescribed an accurate course of treatment.

Change of erythrocyte indicators

• The elevated level of erythrocytes can talk about the vice of the heart, the excess number of steroid, developing hypoxia and other illnesses.
• A decrease in this indicator in blood analysis may indicate a decrease in the amount of blood, or bone marrow pathology.

Change of hemoglobin indicators

• Low hemoglobin in general blood test may be with anemia, the development of tumor processes, progressive bone marrow lesions.
• The volumes of the above limit are possible at, eritremia or regular reception of drugs aimed at replenishment.

Hematocrit and diseases it shows

• The excess of the hematocrit rate is observed during a critical reduction in the level of fluid, peritonitis, burns large areas.
• With a decrease, anemia is considered during and so on.

What is the CPU (color indicator)

• Reducing the indicator of the CPU below normal limit indicates possible lead poisoning, the development of anemia during pregnancy or anemia.
• Exceeding of the established CPU limit is noted in suspected polyposis, diseases,

Anisocytosis that he shows

This is the state of erythrocytes and leukocytes, when they vary in size. Specifies to flow in the body of a pathological process. Maybe about, bone marrow, poisoning.

Video, Live great, read tests: platelets

Why there is a decrease in the number of platelets

• The platelet content below the established limit is a reason for checking on leukemia, diseases, deviations at the level, damage in bone marrow tissues and other disorders.
• The decline in the volume for the designated limits occurs when anemia or as a result of

When the number of platelets increases

• The excess of the norm is possible with osteomyelitis, developing, emerging diseases, hidden or, formations and others.
• The increase in the average volume of platelets can talk about, myeloid leukemia, actively developing vascular tissue and others.

Deviation from the norm of EC indicators, and the causes

• If in the completed general analysis of the blood test of ESP is elevated, it is possible to develop or originate, the condition of the connective tissues is disturbed, diseases or injuries are detected.
• If Soe is reduced, then in the body there may be problems of another kind: disorders in functioning, blood flow.
• A similar decrease is characteristic of.

Video, live healthy: soe, what your blood says

Why in leukocytosis analysis, increase in leukocyte levels

• The excess of the normal level of leukocytes occurs when the temperature drops (overheat / overheating), the frequent stressful states or exercise.
• The increase in the number of leukocytes gives grounds for a survey for the presence of a process in the body, for blood disease, epilepsy, toxins ,.

Why in leukopenia analysis, decrease in leukocyte levels

• With a low level of leukocytes, with appropriate symptoms, assign a survey on, in bone marrow tissues, nervous disorders at the functional level, plus and disease.

Deciphering blood test is carried out only by a qualified specialist. Based on the data obtained, the diagnosis is established and the course of treatment is arranged.

Video, general blood test, rate of indicators

Total blood test, decoding, norm, table

According to the results of the analysis of blood polar from the vein, it is possible to obtain data on, cellular and composition of blood. This is a comprehensive blood test, very important to diagnosis. In addition to this:

• overlapping the results of the overall analysis of venous blood for analysis capillary blood, You can get a detailed picture of the patient's condition.

It is easiest to understand the list of norms and the designation of the indicators of the general analysis of blood when they are reduced to the table:

Erythrocytes, hematokritis

Leukocyte formula

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Erythrocyte rate by age

Leukocyte rate by age

Hemoglobin rate by age

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Hematocrit rate by age

Norms of lymphocytes by age

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Normal neutrophils by age

Blood basophiles

Thrombocytes

Monocytes.

Soe

Other indicators

Features for pregnancy

Video, is it possible to take tests during menstruation

Hematokritis is an indicator that reflects how blood is occupied by erythrocytes. Hematokritis, as a rule, is expressed as a percentage: for example, hematocrit (NT) 39% means that 39% of blood volume is represented by red blood tales. Increased hematocrit occurs in red blood cells (an increased amount of erythrocytes in the blood), as well as with the dehydration of the body. The reduction of hematocrit indicates anemia (reducing the level of erythrocytes in the blood), or to increase the amount of liquid blood.

The average volume of the erythrocyte allows the doctor to obtain data on the size of the erythrocyte. The average volume of erythrocyte (MCV) is expressed in femtolytera (FL), or in cubic micrometers (MKM3). Erythrocytes with a small average volume are found in microcitar anemia, iron deficiency anemia, etc. Erythrocytes with an increased average volume are found in Megaloblastic anemia (anemia, which develops with a deficiency in vitamin B12, or folic acid).

Plates are small blood discs, which are involved in the formation of a thrombus and prevent blood loss in damage to the vessels. The increase in blood platelet levels occurs in some diseases of blood, as well as after operations, after removal of the spleen. The decrease in platelet levels occurs in some congenital blood diseases, aplastic anemia (violation of the operation of the bone marrow, which produces blood cells), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (the destruction of platelets due to the increased activity of the immune system), liver cirrhosis, etc.

Lymphocyte is a type of leukocyte, which is responsible for the production of immunity and the fight against microbes and viruses. The amount of lymphocytes in different analyzes can be represented as an absolute number (how many lymphocytes were found), or as a percentage ratio (which percentage of the total number of leukocytes is lymphocytes). The absolute number of lymphocytes is usually denoted by LYM # or LYM. The percentage of lymphocytes is denoted as LYM% or LY%. The increase in the number of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis) is found in some infectious diseases (rubella, influenza, toxoplasmosis, infectious mononucleosis, viral hepatitis, etc.), as well as in blood diseases (chronic lympholecosis, etc.). Reducing the number of lymphocytes (lymphopenia) occurs in severe chronic diseases, AIDS, renal failure, reception of some drugs overwhelming immunity (corticosteroids, etc.).

Granulocytes are leukocytes that contain granules (granular leukocytes). Granulocytes are represented by 3 types of cells: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophiles. These cells are involved in the fight against infections, in inflammatory and allergic reactions. Number of granulocytes B. different analyzes It can be expressed in absolute indicators (GRA #) and as a percentage of the total number of leukocytes (GRA%).

Granulocytes are usually increased in the presence of inflammation in the body. Reducing the level of granulocytes occurs during aplastic anemia (loss of bone marrow ability to produce blood cells), after receiving some drugs, as well as with a systemic red loll, (connecting tissue), etc.

Monocytes are leukocytes, which, occasion, soon come out of them into the surrounding tissues, where they are converted to macrophages (macrophages are cells that absorb and digest bacteria and the deceased organism cells). The number of monocytes in various analyzes can be expressed in absolute indicators (MON #) and as a percentage of the total leukocyte (MON%). Increased maintenance of monocytes occurs in some infectious diseases (tuberculosis, infectious mononucleosis, syphilis, etc.), rheumatoid arthritis, blood diseases. Reducing the level of monocytes occurs after severe operations, taking drugs that overwhelm immunity (corticosteroids, etc.).

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is an indicator that indirectly reflects the protein content in blood plasma. Increased SE indicates possible inflammation in the body due to the increased content of inflammatory proteins in the blood. In addition, the increase in ESO is found under anemia, malignant tumors and others. Soe reduction occurs infrequently and speaks about increased content Erythrocytes in the blood (erythrocytosis) or other blood diseases.

It should be noted that some laboratories indicate other norms to the result, it is associated with the presence of several methods for calculating the indicators. In such cases, the interpretation of the results of overall blood test is carried out according to the specified standards.

In addition to deciphering blood analysis, you can also make decryption of urine and feces analyzes

Since the overall blood test is one of the most sought-after examination methods in clinical medicineIt is desirable to deal with its parameters for an independent analysis of your health. People who want to know more about the overall analysis are offered this material. Anyone who knows how to extraditely decipher the results of general analysis is capable of tracking the condition of its body. To decipher the values \u200b\u200bof the general analysis of the blood in adults, this article offers a table with the range of rules set out in it.

General (clinical) blood test: brief information

Despite the fact that red blood cells were opened by an Italian doctor M. Malpigi in distant 1665, a clinical analysis of blood in the form, as we understand it now, it arises only in the twentieth century.

A general blood test (OAK) is called clinical because it is part of clinical methods of analysis, but it would be fair to call the OAC using a group of methods. The parameters of the overall analysis were for centuries from various studies of well-known scientists. For example, the hemoglobin parameter appeared there, thanks to the efforts of Professor I. Sechenov in 1862-1864; ECE parameter (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - by the efforts of Professor A. Panchenkova in the middle of the twentieth century; Calculation of the number of cells per unit volume of blood became possible, thanks to the French doctor L. Mallak in 1870.

Attention! The main task of OAK is an analysis of the state of red and white blood cells, finding out the coagulation ability, determining the amount of hemoglobin - iron-containing polypeptide, which helps the body to carry out oxidative processes in the tissues.

Automatic and manual way to conduct a general blood test

Clinical blood test is made in modern medicine in automatic mode and manually. Some OAK parameters can be made only in manual mode, for example, a color indicator - a microscope is needed, the drug of cells on the instrument glass and a laboratory assistant capable of determining the color of red blood cells.

In our age of machines and automatic devices, it seems unnecessary archaisms from the Dokomputer era, but such a look is erroneous - if the device does not fulfill its functions normally, who will check his work? How to be in the area where there is no special laboratory technology? Deciphering values \u200b\u200bThe device is not done - it gives only dry information on the printout.

Standard preparation for oac

Any adult person should have an understanding of how to prepare for the OAK and what the violation of medical prescriptions threatens - this knowledge will be secure from possible mistakes, the consequence of the repetition of the material.

The conditions whose disturbances can lead to distortion of OAC results:

1. The patient must be in a stable mental and emotional state - stress is able to change the behavior of red and white blood cells.
2. The patient must be rested, sleeping. It is impossible before the procedure began to engage in physical labor and sports.
3. The fence procedure is made on an empty stomach - digestive processes increase the level of leukocytes. Unhealthy food - fast food, roasted, salty, smoked, oily - enhances this factor.
4. Alcoholic, drugs and tobacco significantly worsen the composition of the blood. It is enough to look like a laboratory assistant on the behavior of red blood cells in order to understand what kind of life is the patient leads.
5. The doctor must be warned about the reception of drugs and bids - many of them are able to distort the test result.
6. A woman during menstruation needs to refrain from analyzing or notifying a doctor.

Table of normal blood test values \u200b\u200bin adults

How to decipher UAK? Many sites are offered online broadcasting of a general blood test, and completely free. We will react to such initiatives positively, given their usefulness in cases where a person is interested in his health and this information helps him to see the doctor in time. The lack of such network services is the small involvement of a person in the process of assessing their health. The situation resembles an account carried out manually and using the calculator. In the first case, a person is actively involved in the process, and in the second, the calculator does all the work for it. Deciphering the results made by the patient will allow him to be aware of the process as a personal labor, which will certainly increase the value of the work performed.

The table has a section "index", it contains English abbreviations that mean OAK parameters, you need to pay your attention to them, since they are registered in the automatic test form, and not the full name of the indicator.

Read, but remember - the data specified in the table serve to familiarize yourself. This information will help to correctly read the result of the general analysis, however, the diagnosis is the prerogative of the doctor, and not the patient.

Deciphering blood test

In order for the decoding of the results to benefit, you need to know not only the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters are normal, but also pathological conditions, which are hidden for a decrease in or increasing UAC.

White blood cells

White blood cells (WBC) are divided by classes on granulocytes (have grainy splashes in cytoplasm) and agranulocytes (do not have granular enclosures in the cytoplasm). The first includes: basophiles, eosinophils and neutrophils, to the second - monocytes and lymphocytes. Raising leukocytes - in many ways the usual phenomenon. Any meal is accompanied by an increase in the number of white blood cells.

This UAC parameter is common, more detailed information about any pathological phenomenon is a diagnostician, analyzing a specific type of white blood cells.

Basophiles are the type of white blood granulocyte cells. In the blood of an adult, the level of basophils is 0.1-1.0%. This rare type of leukocytes contains a lot of histamine and serotonin - substances capable of causing an allergic reaction. Basophiles attack an antigen (hostile body agent) toxins and affect it. Along with the antigen, the tissues of the body suffer. In the blood of a normal, healthy person, basophiles may be absent at all, in such an insignificant amount that the devices are not able to determine its presence. In the blood of the allergy of basophils is always higher than the norm.

Ailments that are accompanied by an increase in blood basophils:

• autoimmune diseases and allergies;
• pathology thyroid gland with hypofunction;
• inflammation of the kidneys;
• pregnancy with rhesv conflict;
• rehabilitation period after removing the spleen;
• when blood transfusion;
• during vaccinations;
• some types of gelminyons - enterobiosis, ascarisosis;
• myelolomicosis and other white blood diseases;
• reception of hormonal steroid medicines;
• prank ulcer I. duodenal gutcaused by the causative agent "Helicobacter Pylori";
• VARICELLA (chickenpox).

Eosinophila

Among the defenders of the human body, eosinophils play an important role. They are able to penetrate the walls of the vessels and one of the first react to the danger of invasion of antigens. These granulocytic cells have the ability to microphage - they absorb microanctures, neutralizing them in this way. Eosinophils are carrying histamophiles and can, like basophiles, attack them infection. Their difference from basophilov is that these cells are also capable of absorbing histamine, that is, they can both cause and prevent allergic reactions. The most important possibility of basophilows is hidden in their ability to carry granules with immunoglobulin E - the most powerful means against any infectious invasion.

This type of white blood cells contains a lot of myeloperoxidase enzyme. The enzyme oxidizes chlorine anions, creating a new substance - hypochlorite. Hypochlorite contains gem - part of the protein chain, painting neutrophils in gentle shades of green. Fighting with infection, neutrophils give the mucous allocations of a man green.

Lymphocytes

If all granulocytes are analogy - these are police parts protecting human body, then lymphocytes - regular army. Granulocytes are always the first to hit themselves, lymphocytes are waiting for a second place. This type of cells has several varieties, each of which is highly specialized. The appearance of blood lymphocytes above the norm will mean the struggle of the body with the pathology of any type.

Monocytes.

Monocytes are the largest of all cells of white and red blood, have the ability to phagocytosis. Monocytes are macrophages that can neutralize relatively large particles of antigens.

Thrombocytes

Platelets are cells that help the body fight with mechanical damage to vessels and tissues, folding blood.

Attention! In the blood, the overall indicator of platelet content - thrombocrit. Thrombocrit - the content of blood platelets in relation to its volume. The parameter is needed to determine the pathological states of the bone marrow.

Cells of red blood

The most important thing that you need to know about the red blood calves is that they carry oxygen in the body tissue, and remove carbon oxide from there. This process becomes possible, thanks to the hemoglobin pigment polypeptide.

The parameters associated with the level of the content of erythrocytes:

• EE - Method for determining the speed of erythrocytes in the sediment. ESO serves as an important marker of the establishment of possible pathologies.
• Hematocrit - the content of erythrocytes in the blood in relation to its volume.
• Hemoglobin - the parameter is most often indicated during machine analysis of blood, it serves to determine the intensity of oxidative processes in the body.
• Color indicator - determination of the hemoglobin content in the blood of the eye, with the help of a visual assessment of the state of the erythrocytes.