Messages about bacteria causing diseases often lead to concerns in the medical community. Despite the fact that today these microorganisms are well studied, effective medicines have been developed against them, still bacterial infections still remain among the most dangerous. High temperature, often rapid development, severe intoxication of the body - all this is characteristic of many diseases of this group.

What is bacteria

Unlike the virus of bacteria - full-fledged living microorganisms, many of which are quite successful coexist with man. For example, it is the microflora in the intestine that helps us effectively absorb food.

Scientists allocate three groups of bacteria:

1. Pathogenic - those that always lead to the disease. Such is considered salmonella, pale treponema, Gonokokk.
2. Conditional pathogenic - microbes living on mucous membranes, in the environment and under normal conditions are not dangerous to health. But with reduced immunity or other factors, they can cause diseases. This group includes, in particular, streptococcus, intestinal wand, staphylococcus.
3. Unpactogenic - harmless, sometimes useful person to organism.

The danger of diseases caused by bacteria is that some of these microorganisms are able to allocate strong poisons in the process of vital activity - exotoxins that cause severe intoxication and damage to organs and tissues (diphtheria, tetanus, botulism).

The most common bacterial diseases

With bacterial diseases, each of us faces more than once in life. Exactly bacteria are the most frequent cause Pneumonia - complications after viral infections. They also cause angina (streptococci) and inflammation of the middle ear (pneumococci). Bacteria are pathogens and such infections:

• Whooping cough.
• Scarlet fever.
• Tuberculosis.
• Salmonellosis.
• Meningitis.
• Syphilis.
• Gonorrhea.
• Infectious endocarditis.
• Cholera.
• Plague.

Bacterial diseases are transferred very hard and necessarily require treatment under the supervision of the doctor. Without medical care Many of them can end with a fatal outcome.

Treatment of bacterial infections

Today, medicine completely defeats many bacteria causing diseases using antibiotics. It is thanks to these drugs that the overwhelming majority of diseases of this group ceased to be dangerous to health and life. In this case, antibiotics are potent substances that eliminate not only pathogenic, but also other bacteria. Therefore, they can be applied exclusively to the appointment of a doctor. In addition, it is important to remember that such medicines are effective only in the fight against bacteria, do not act on viruses and other causative agents of infections. Their use without an accurate diagnosis or for the purpose of prevention may worsen the patient's condition.

Infections caused by small single-cell microorganisms are called bacterial. Bacteria belong to a separate kingdom - prokaryotov, because they have no kernel, and genetic information is placed in the cytoplasm. Bacteria are the most ancient of all living organisms on Earth. They can live in any environment.

Types of bacteria

Depending on the shape of the cell, allocate:

• Cockki - bacteria in the shape of a ball. This is meningococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus.
• Chopkid-shaped - bacteria resembling a straight or curved wand: Intestinal wand, Tuberculosis mycobacterium, diphtheria and causative agent.
• Correspondent bacteria are spiral, in the shape of a corkscrew microorganisms that are the cause of syphilis, leptospirosis.
• Changing the form of bacteria is deprived of a cell wall.
• Blades are capable of moving. A vivid example is the causative agent of cholera.

Diseases caused by bacteria are especially dangerous due to the poisoning of the body with poisons of these bacteria - toxins. These toxins provoke inflammation and are able to damage internal organs man. While bacteria are alive, they highlight exotoxins. The dead bacteria is distinguished by endotoxins. If many bacteria dies, infectious-toxic shock develops, which causes the death of the body.

Bacterial and viral infection: what is the difference?

Bacteria very different from viruses:

• They are more than viruses;
• This is a complete living organism, which just needs food to provide and reproduce himself.

Until the twentieth century, the doctors fought with bacterial infections in the same way as with viral - helped the body to learn how to deal with the ailment. It turns out to kill bacteria, you need to apply special medicines - antibiotics and sulfonamides.

It is necessary to know the features of both kinds to understand how to distinguish a viral infection from bacterial in symptoms.

The incubation period is viral - 1 - 5 days. Bacterial can manifest even in 2 weeks. The long period of viral infection is pronounced and the day continues, in the bacterial it passes unnoticed.

When virus, the disease provokes a high, and often very fast growing temperature. Bacteria do not increase temperatures above 38 degrees. Otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia with meningitis are manifestations of bacterial defeat. ORVI is common symptoms.

Bacterial infections can be cured only by antibiotics, the ORVI will not help. Here is necessary antiviral drugs During the period of production.

Children's bacterial infections

Finding B. children's organismBacteria quickly be fruitful and in the process of their livelihoods are beginning to be distinguished toxins, which in turn affect organs and form diseases:

• Measles;
• Rubella;
• Chickenpox;
• Scarlatin;
• Pig.

Bacterial intestinal infections are most dangerous. Microbes, falling into the child's body, are not always manifested in the form of the disease. A very often infected child does not show illness and it is very dangerous.

After the child moves a certain disease, persistent immunity is produced in its body.

Bacteria (Streptococcus Group a) caused Scarlatin infection through an air-drip medium or objects (dishes, toys) of a sick person. Dangerous period - the first 2-3 days. The main symptoms of bacterial infection in children are:

1. increase temperatures up to 39 degrees;
2. nausea or vomiting;
3. intoxication;
4. headache;
5. angina with swelling;
6. white raid on almonds and language;
7. rash (small dots on a red background). Creating bacterial diseases (and scarld) antibiotics. It is necessary to give a patient a lot of drink to remove toxins. Children who have suffered scarletin, acquire persistent immunity.

Female bacterial infections

Women are most often developing bacterial diseases associated with the urine-sex system: vaginites and vaginosis:

• Gardnerellosis;
• Yeast infection;
• Trichomoniasis.

When changing the vaginal ecosystem, vaginitis appears. Its reasons are varied: intake of medical preparations, frequent sinking, infection in the process of sexual contact.

Bacterial Vaginosis is a change or imbalance of bacteria in the vagina in the required amount.

Most often, bacterial infections are developing in women of pregnant women, women who have intrauterine contraceptives and often reinforced.

Yeast infection (in the people of thrush) "gives" a fungus Candida Albikans (genital candidia). Almost 75% of all women in the world transferred at least such an infection. Factors that provoke this disease:

• Long taking antibiotics;
• Long-term consumption of contraceptives;
• Changed hormonal background: pregnancy, menopause, cleansing vagina, injuries when using tampons.

Bacterial infections in women have similar signs: allocating different colors with odor, itching and burning.

If a woman has a bacterial vaginosis, then white or gray highlights will have an unpleasant fish smell. At the same time, burning is felt during urination or itching in the vagina region.

If the yeast infection, the isolation of thick, white-gray, curved. In the area of \u200b\u200bGenitals, the skin is strongly covered. There may still be pain during urination and sexual intercourse. Selection may not be.

If the selection of frothy yellow-green or gray is a sure sign of trichomoniasis. Symptoms are similar to urinary tract infections.

How to treat bacterial infections?

When a bacterial disease is found in a child, you need to apply an antibiotic to not start the disease and not have health problems. The scheme of action looks like this:

1. Visit to the doctor and diagnosis;
2. Fast purchase of prescribed medicines;
3. Reception of drugs strictly according to the recommendations of the doctor or according to the instructions attached to the package.

Self-treatment should not take place.

Treat bacterial infections difficult. Why? First, it is necessary to resist with numerous living organisms. Secondly, these organisms are surprisingly adjustable, so scientists have to invent new antibiotics. Bacteria mutated, so antibiotics may not act. Sometimes it takes a lot of time before the antibiotic is selected, which is capable of killing this microbe. Thirdly, the same disease can be caused by various bacteria, with which you need to fight special methods - a certain antibiotic.

Antibiotics can fall into the body in the form of tablets, intravenous and intramuscular injections. A certain category of antibiotics only delays the growth of bacteria (tetracycline, florararamphenicol), and others - destroy the harmful fauna (penicillin, rifamycin, aminoglucosides).

Infections are of different complexity. Certain infections imply vaccination. For example, there is a whole system of vaccination of children from childhood diseases (especially from tetanus and diphtheria), as well as travelers before traveling to an exotic country with no less exotic diseases.

In order not to become a victim of bacteria, you need to adhere to precautions. The most common prevention measures bacterial infections - this is:

• Immunotherapy;
• Antibiotic therapy;
• Avoid finding in crowded places;
• Hygiene.

It must be remembered that some people have an allergen on a certain antibiotic - skin rash. The doctor must appoint an antibiotic with a similar action.

If antibiotics take unsystematic, not at the instructions of the doctor, the bacteria will be resistant to this drug And stop reacting it.

Are amazing microorganisms. They surround us everywhere, and many bacteria are useful for a person. Bacteria help in digestion, absorption of nutrients, the production of vitamins and protect from. Conversely, a number of diseases undergoing people are caused by bacteria.

Bacteria causing a disease are called pathogenic bacteria, and they do it, producing toxic substances, called endotoxins and exotoxins. These substances are responsible for the symptoms that arise for diseases associated with bacteria. Symptoms range from the lungs to heavy, and some may be fatal. Let's consider 7 terrible and dangerous diseases caused by bacteria.

1. Non-crop fasci

Streptococcus Pyogenes (Streptococcus Pyogenes)

Non-necrotic fasci is a serious infection, most often caused by Piogenis Streptococcus ( Streptococcus pyogenes) - bacteria that usually colonize the skin and the throat area. They feed on the flesh, produce toxins that destroy, in particular, erythrocytes and leukocytes, which leads to the dying of infected tissue or necrotic fascous. Other types of bacteria that can also cause necrotic firecite include an intestinal wand ( Escherichia Coli.), Golden Staphylococcus ( Staphylococcus aureus.), Klebsiella ( Klebsiella) and Klostridia ( Clostridium.).

People get this type of infection most often when bacteria hit the body through a cut or another open wound on the skin. Non-necrotic fasciys usually do not apply to person to man. Healthy people with a properly functioning immune system and observing hygiene when careing for the wound has a low risk of developing the disease.

2. Staphylococcus infection

Methicillin-resistant golden staphylococcus

Meticillin-resistant golden staphylococcus (MRS) is a form of bacteria that may cause serious health problems. These bacteria developed resistance (stability) to antibiotics penicillin row, including methecillin. MRSs, as a rule, applies through physical contact and should penetrate through the skin, for example, by cutting to cause infection.

MPZS is most often purchased as a result of staying in the hospital. These bacteria are able to adhere to various types Tools, including medical equipment. If the bacteria of MRSs get access to internal systems of the body and cause staphylococcal infection, consequences can be fatal. They are able to infect bones, joints, heart valves and lungs.

3. Meningitis

Meningococcus (Neisseria Meningitidis)

Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the protective coating of the head and spinal cordknown as brain shells. This is a serious infection that can lead to brain damage and even death. Strong headache is the most common symptom of meningitis. Other symptoms include severity in the neck and high temperature. Meningitis is treated with antibiotics. It is very important that antibiotics begins as soon as possible after infection to reduce the risk of death. Meningococcal vaccine can help prevent meningitis from those who are most at risk of developing this disease.

Pnemokokok (Streptococcus Pneumoniae)

Pneumonia is the infection of the lungs. Symptoms include high temperature, cough and difficult breathing. While a number of bacteria can cause pneumonia, the most common cause is pneumococcus ( Streptococcus Pneumoniae.), who prefers to settle in the respiratory tract and usually do not cause infections from healthy people. In some cases, bacteria become pathogenic and cause pneumonia.

The infection usually begins after bacteria are inhaled and quickly multiplied in the lungs. Pneumococcus can also cause ear infections, nasal and meningitis infection. If necessary, most types of pneumonium have a high probability of treatment with antibiotics. The pneumococcal vaccine can help prevent the disease in people predisposed to him.

5. Tuberculosis

Koha stick (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Tuberculosis is common infectious disease Lungs, which usually causes bacterium - Koch wand ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis). This disease can lead to a fatal outcome without proper treatment. The infection spreads through the air when an infected man coughs, sneezes or even talks.

In a number of developed countries, cases of tuberculosis increased with an increase in the number of HIV infections due to weakening immune system infected people. Antibiotics are used to treat tuberculosis. Isolation that helps prevent the spread of active infection is also characteristic of the treatment of this disease. Treatment can be long, from 6 months to a year, depending on the severity of the disease.

6. Cholera

Holera Vibrio Cholerae

Cholera - intestinal infection, usually distributed with food and water infected with cholera vibrine ( Vibrio Cholerae.). Around the world is registered about 3-5 million cholera cases every year and approximately 100,000 deaths. Most cases of infection occur in areas with poor water and antisanitation. Cholera can vary from easy to severe. Symptoms of severe form include diarrhea, vomiting and cramps. The disease is usually treated by recovery water balance At an infected person. In more severe cases, antibiotics can be used.

7. Dieseneria

Shigella (Shigella)

Bacillina dysentery - inflammation of the intestines caused by bacteria from the genus of Schigella ( Shigella). Like cholera, dysentery spreads through infected food and water. Dieseneria is also transmitted by people who do not wash hands after using the toilet.

The symptoms of dysentery can vary from the lungs to heavy. Heavy symptoms Include bloody diarrhea, high temperature and pain. Like cholera, dysentery is usually treated with hydration. It can also be treated with antibiotics, depending on severity. The best way to prevent the spread of Bacteria Shigell is to wash it right and dry your hands before taking food, and avoid using local water in areas where there is a high risk of getting dysentery.

Content

If a bacterial infection has penetrated into the body, the symptoms of the pathological process are similar to the signs of intoxication, they require treatment with the participation of antibiotics and without that. The general condition of the patient worsens, and the disturbed temperature is caught in bed. Bacterial diseases are successfully amenable to conservative treatment, the main thing is not to launch the spread of pathogenic flora.

What is a bacterial infection

Заень на на на на

To get an answer to this question, you need to know all the existing types of bacterial infections and timely pass diagnosis to identify the pathogen. For the most part, such pathogenic microorganisms are dangerous for humans, transmitted contact-household, air-droplet and an alimentary way. After the penetration of infection in the body, there is inflammation, acute intoxication, tissue damage, while the body's immune response is reduced.

Symptoms of bacterial infection

Symptoms are similar to the signs of general intoxication of the organic resource, accompanied by a high body temperature and a strong chill. Pathogenic flora as it were poisoning the organic resource, releasing livelihoods into once healthy fabrics, blood. General symptoms of bacterial damage are presented below:

• fever;
• increased sweating;
• sharp attacks of migraine;
• nausea, less often - vomiting;
• dizziness;
• total weakness, malaise;
• full absence of appetite.

In children

Patients B. childhood Much more often susceptible to bacterial defeats, since general state Immunity leaves much to be desired. With the release of toxins, symptoms only increases, caresses the child to bed, makes parents go to the hospital. This is what changes in kindergarten need to pay special attention to:

• constant capriciousness;
• flexibility, lethargy;
• the instability of the temperature regime;
• fever, chills;
• pronounced signs of dyspepsia;
• skin rashes of unexplained etiology;
• appearance white Nalea On almonds with a pronounced sore throat.

Bacterial infections in women

For respiratory diseases respiratory tract Very often it is about defeating by bacteria. Alternatively, angina progresses, pharyngitis, laryngitis, which are accompanied by a recurrent throat, less often - purulent discharges from the mouth. Microbes cause the following changes in the female organism:

• leap temperature up to 40 degrees;
• suffocating cough with a progressive runny nose;
• pronounced signs of intoxication;
• disorder of intestinal microflora, vagina;
• acute otitis depending on the localization of infection;
• diarrhea tightening attacks;
• signs of reducing immunity.

Signs of bacterial infection

In order for the diagnosis of bacterial infections to be timely, it is necessary to pay attention to the first changes in the general health of the patient, not refer to the classic cold, which "will be held." Clear must:

• frequent trips to the toilet, diarrhea;
• feeling of nausea, the complete absence of appetite;
• sharp decline in body weight;
• an increase in temperature above 39 degrees;
• painful feelings Various localization depending on the nature of infection, its localization.

How to distinguish viral infection from bacterial

Without carrying bacteriological analysis, it is not necessary for the basis of diagnostics and the possibility of competently differentiate the final diagnosis. However, the adult patient is able to independently distinguish the character, localization of the focus of pathology. This is important for the upcoming treatment, since bacterial lesions are successfully treated with the participation of antibiotics, while pathogenic viruses exterminating antibiotic facilities is not possible.

The main difference between the bacterial infection from the virus is as follows: the first case is a local area of \u200b\u200bpathology, in the second - more systemic. Thus, pathogenic viruses affect the whole organism, sharply reducing the overall well-being. As for bacteria, they have a narrow specialization, for example, radically develop laryngitis or tonsillitis. To determine the virus in such clinical picture Required general analysis Blood, to detect a bacterial flora - a sputum analysis (when infected with the lower respiratory tract).

Views

After inflammation of the mucous membranes and the appearance of other symptoms of bacterial damage, it is required to determine the nature of the pathogenic flora. Diagnosis is carried out in the hospital, the collection of data of the anamnesis is not enough to form a final diagnosis. In modern medicine, the following types of infections are stated that they have mainly bacterial flora and cause such dangerous disease Organism:

1. Acute intestinal bacterial infections: salmonellosis, dysentery, abdominal typhoid, food toxicoinfection, campylobacteriosis.
2. Bacterial lesions of skin: face, impetigo, phlegmon, furunculosis, hydragenite.
3. Bacterial respiratory tract infections: sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchitis.
4. Blood bacterial infections: tularevia, rapid typhoid, plague, trench fever.

Diagnostics

In the process of reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the absence of timely therapy, the infectious process acquires chronic form. Not to become carriers dangerous infectionsIt is required to pass a comprehensive examination in a timely manner. It is necessarily a common blood test that shows increased quantity leukocytes, jump SE. Other changes in the biological fluid of an infected person are presented below:

• an increase in neutrophilic granulocytes;
• shift leukocyte formula left;
• increase the speed of erythrocyte sedimentation.

To avoid development and distribution chronic diseaseThe following types of clinical examinations are recommended:

1. Bacteriological (study of the habitat of microbes, the creation of favorable conditions for the formation of viable colonies in laboratory conditions).
2. Serological (detection of specific antibodies in the blood to certain types of pathogenic microbes - under the microscope differ in color).
3. Microscopic (after the fence, biological material is examined in detail under the microscope, at the cellular level).

How to treat bacterial infection

The pathological process begins incubation period, the duration of which depends on the nature of the pathogenic flora, its localization and activity. The main purpose of implementation conservative methods - Prevent blood infection, restore the overall well-being of a clinical patient. Treatment is symptomatic, these are valuable recommendations of competent specialists:

1. Appointment of antibiotics and representatives of others pharmacological groups Must be carried out by an exclusively attending physician, since individual microorganisms have immunity to those or other medications.
2. In addition to conservative treatment It is required to reconsider your daily nutrition, the usual lifestyle. For example, it is useful to completely abandon salty and fatty foods, bad habits and excessive passivity. Be sure to strengthen weak immunity.
3. Symptomatic treatment can be carried out depending on the localization of the focus of pathology, the affected system of the body. For example, with diseases of the respiratory system, muscolics are needed and expectorant, and with tonsillitis it is not necessary without taking antibiotics.

Antibiotics

If bronchitis or pneumonia arises, such dangerous diseases need to be treated with antibiotics to avoid extremely unpleasant complications with the health of an adult patient and child. Among side phenomena we are talking about allergic reactions, disorders of digestion and not only. Therefore, the purpose of antibiotics should be carried out by an exclusively attending physician after diagnosis. So:

1. To slow down the growth of pathogenic flora, such bacteriostatic means are prescribed such as tetracycline, chloramphenicol in tablets.
2. For the extermination of bacterial infection, bactericidal preparations of the Penicillin type, rifamycin, aminoglycosides are recommended.
3. Amquicllaw, Augmentin, Amoxicillin, are especially in demand among representatives of antibiotics of the penicillin series.

How to cure bacterial infection without antibiotics

The symptomatic therapy of an adult and child is carried out on medical testimony. For example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have to be taken in the fight against headaches, for example, Nurofen, Ibuprofen. If other localization pain appears, it can be removed by diclofenac. To cure bacterial nature infections without antibiotic drugs, such medications are recommended:

1. Diclofenac. Package pills that additionally remove inflammation have bactericidal properties.
2. Regidron. Saline, which is supposed to take with acute intoxication The body to remove infection.

How to treat bacterial infection in children

In childhood when acute infections Recommended abundant drink, symptomatic treatment. Antibiotics need to refuse if the disease is initial stage, secondary microbes are missing. In the infection of the upper respiratory tract you will need preparations from cough, muscolics. In case of diseases, the throat is better to take advantage of local athisptics - Lugolam, chlorophilite. Patients with meningitis should be urgently hospitalized.

Prevention

Penetration of pathogenic flora into the body can be prevented. For this, at any age, it is recommended to adhere to the following preventive recommendations of the knowledgeable specialist:

• preventive vaccination;
• elimination of long overcooling of the body;
• strengthening immunity;
• compliance with personal hygiene rules;
• proper nutrition adult and child, vitamins.

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Attention! The information presented in the article is familiarized. Articles do not call for independent treatment. Only a qualified doctor may diagnose and give recommendations on treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Bacterial infection in children and adults

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Purpose:

• introduce students with information about the main bacterial diseases of man,
• continue the formation of the concept and rules healthy image Life

Tasks:

• Find out how pathogenic bacteria fall into the human body
• What particular dangerous diseases cause bacteria
• What are the basic measures to combat pathogenic bacteria
• How to protect your body from pathogenic bacteria
• Equipment: Media Projector, PPT Presentation

Plan

1. Bacterial human diseases

2. Botulism - pathogen, path of infection, control measures

3. Dieseneria - pathogen, path of infection, control measures

4. Tetribly - causative agent, the possibility of infection, preventive measures struggle

5. Siberian ulcer - causative agent of the disease, the path of infection and measures of prevention

6.Tuberculosis - causative agent of the disease, path of infection, prevention measures

8. Cholera - causative agent, path of infection, control measures

9. Plague - causative agent of illness, possible ways of infection, measures of struggle

1. Human bacterial diseases (slide 2)

The number of bacterial diseases of a person is huge. Today, diseases caused by bacteria are the most dangerous, as they are capable of not only aggravate the quality of human life, but also lead to death. Therefore, we need to know not only pathogens and symptoms of human bacterial diseases, but also possible reasons These diseases and possible measures to combat them. Bacterial diseases include: plague, cholera, Siberian ulcers, tuberculosis, botulism, tetanus, angina, meningitis, diphtheria, dysentery, cough, scarlet, gastritis, stomach ulcer and this list can also be continued.

2. Botulism - pathogen, path of infection, measures of struggle (slides 3-4)

The pathogen - Klostridia botulism, it is widespread in nature with a permanent habitat in the soil. It can also be found in manure, fruit, vegetables, fish, excrement of warm-blooded animals. Capable of forming disputes that are very resistant to chemical and physical factors. Disputes are able to withstand boiling for 5 hours at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. In a low oxygen content, a hazardous toxin (poison) is quickly multiplied and formed. Botulinumoxin is one of the well-known and strong poisons. The causative agent itself does not cause diseases in humans, only its toxin is dangerous. For the occurrence of poisoning, it is necessary to reproduce the pathogen with accumulation in the botulinum organism.

It develops as a result of food intake: ham, sausages, salt fish, as well as canned vegetables, fruits, and especially mushrooms. In recent years, cases of botulism in Russia are associated when preparing homely canned products. The safety of "jars" sometimes cannot be installed on the eye, botulinum orin does not lead to a change in color, smell and taste of food. The swollen cans be destroyed.

Botulism is a heavy toxic-infectious disease, affecting the central nervous system, mainly oblong and spinal cord. Botulinum oxin is absorbed into the blood in the intestines and selectively affects different departments nervous system. There is paralysis of the respiratory muscles, muscles of larynx, pharynx. Known cases of fatal poisoning.

The poisoning is developing very quickly, nausea appears, vomiting, gravating abdominal pain, liquid chair. At the first signs of poisoning urgently consult a doctor.

In order not to infect botulism, it is necessary: \u200b\u200bstrictly observe personal hygiene rules, for canning use only thoroughly peeled vegetables and fruits, mushrooms. Banks and caps for canning should be washed, covered with boiling water, dry. Vegetables, and especially mushrooms, ruded in banks, cooked at home categorically prohibited to buy from unfamiliar random people.

3. Dieseneria - pathogen, path of infection, measures of struggle (slides 5-6)

Dieseneria is an infectious disease that causes a dysenteric chopstick bacterium.

Infection occurs when the pathogen is inserted into the body through the mouth with food, water or through dirty hands. Muhi dysentery stick carriers can be flies. Pesentery is sick only. The source of infection can be a sick person. Infection is capable of spreading very quickly.

Diesentery is a disease characterized by jurisdiction of the chair, an admixture of mucus and blood in feces, gravating pain in the stomach, an increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees and more. The frequency of the chair can reach 15-25 times a day or more. Especially serious disease occurs in children. The body of the child is dehydrated faster than adults. Previously, when there were no antibiotics from dysentery people died.

Treatment of dysentery is aimed at the destruction of the pathogen and it is carried out in the infection profile hospital.

Prevention measures: regular and thoroughly washing hands after the toilet, walks and before welcome, raw vegetables and fruits, get rid of flies in the room, prevent their contact with the products. After all, no dysentery is called "dirty hand disease." It is present possible to make a preventive vaccination from dysentery.

4. Tetanus - causative agent, opportunity infection, preventive measures (slides 7-8)

The tetanus stick is microscopic bacterium, which lives in the gastrointestinal tract of herbivores. The tetanus is an acute infectious disease of a person, as a result of which the nervous system is affected, innervation of skeletal muscles is disturbed. Together with the fecal masses of sick animals, a huge amount of pathogen dispute is highlighted. Disputes are very racks to the effects of external environment factors, they can save the ability to live with the soil in a state of dispute.

The disease begins acutely. The disease is accompanied by convulsions of skeletal muscles: the muscles of the body, limbs, the mimic muscles, the muscles of the pharynx. As a result of the strongest tone and the painful state of the muscles of the back, while the patient's back is strung out by the arc. The muscle spasm is so strong that bone fractures are possible and their separation from the bones.

In the human body, the tetanical wand penetrates through the wounds, scratches and other damage on the skin. In some regions, the tetanus is called "diseases of the bare feet", as even the occasion in the foot foot or rusty nail can be a gate for infection.

Prevention measures: a decrease in injury, especially when working with earth (work in mittens or gloves), make preventive vaccinations every 10 years

5. Siberian ulcer diseases, path of infection, prevention measures (slides 9 -10)

Siberian ulcers are known from ancient times. It is called malignant carbuncoon. The causative agent is bacterium in the shape of a stick, it has the ability to sporing. Capably decades survive in the soil or in the hung skin of sick animals. In favorable conditions from the controversy bacteria goes into an active condition. The causative agent of Siberian ulcers first allocated Robert Koh. Until now, Siberian ulcer is found in the countries of Central Asia, Africa and South America. She received his name due to distribution in the past in some areas of Siberia. Now it is very rare in Russia.

The source of infection is sick herbivores: sheep, horses, camels, deer, pigs. Conducting earthworks, soil water during shrins and floods contribute to the penetration of the bodice of bacteria into the upper layers of the soil, creating conditions for infection of people and animals. In case of disease, more often skin covers are affected. Diagnosis of the disease does not represent difficulties.

The pathogenic bacteria is released into an external environment with urine animals, saliva, feces, milk and highlights from the Russian Academy of Sciences. After their death, their organs, even the skin, wool and bones remain contagious. The most common method of infection is contact with patients with animals

In Siberian ulcers, open areas of the body and face are more often affected. At the site of the deployment of the pathogen, a red spot first appears, in its place, with time, there is a papule of red-blue color, which begins to burn and scratch, then a bubble with liquid appears, when calculated it bursts. The resulting ulcer is quickly covered with black lap. Lymph nodes increase. The process is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication.

The prevention of the disease is carried out in close contact with the veterinary service.

6. Tuberculosis - causative agent of the disease, the path of infection, measures of prevention (slides 11-12)

The causative agent of the disease bacterium tuberculosis sticks (koche sticks). Tuberculosis sticks are resistant to external environmental factors. In water, they can maintain until six months. Long remain resistant in the dark and in dampness. And at high temperature and lighting, the solar rays die quickly. The 20th century tuberculosis was incurable the main source of infection - the bacillomatter is a sick person. Patients with an open form of tuberculosis are the greatest danger. The disease is often developing in people abusing with alcoholic beverages, and tuberculosis is widely distributed in persons in places of imprisonment (prisons, colonies), or recently released. It is transmitted by air-droplet, it is also possible intrauterine infection.

The main body is lesion-lung. There are signs for which you can suspect tuberculosis - cough, chest pain, as well as hemoptia. Tuberculosis is diagnosed with fluorography.

The basis of treatment is the use of anti-tuberculosis medicines. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. In some cases, they resort to surgical intervention. Previously, antibiotics were not known, people died from tuberculosis and called this disease "Chakhotka". Now there is a whole area of \u200b\u200bmedicine that is engaged in tuberculosis - phthisiatry, and its specialists doctors phthisiators.

The prevention of tuberculosis lies in the timely passage of fluorography, abandon the bad habits, especially alcohol, to eat correctly, lead a healthy lifestyle.

7. Helicobacter Pilori - causative agent, infection capabilities, prevention

(Slides 13-14)

Bacteria Helicobacter Pilora today are the most common. More than half of the world's population can be considered the carriers of this bacterium. This bacterium is now the most studied in the world. Know what the main signs of infection of the Bacteria Helicobacter looks like that the treatment begins in a timely manner. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It feels well in the stomach and is well adapted to an aggressive acid of the stomach.

The accurate mechanism of infection is still unknown. There is only an assumption that infection can occur - through dirty hands and contaminated food or water. The disease can be considered family. It is one of the family members to infect bacteria, the symptoms of the disease will appear in all other family members.

Signs of the disease: chalk problems (or constipation, or diarrhea, heartburn, malicious nausea or vomiting, nasty smell from mouth). The disease leads to a stomach and duodenal ulcer, gastritis, predisposition to stomach cancer.

Diagnostic methods: Gastroscopy with the taking biopsy of the gastric mucosa, feces analysis, blood test on antibodies. There are many diagnostic methods, but none of them can be considered absolutely reliable.

Prevention measures: personal care products must be individual, wash hands before meals, do not smoke, do not abuse alcoholic beverages. Bacteria vaccinations Helicobacter Pylory has not yet been created. Create a vaccine acting in an acidic stomach environment is very difficult.

8. Cholera - causative agent, path of infection, control measures (slides 15-16)

The causative agent of cholera is the bacterium of cholera vibion. It occurs in open reservoirs, wastewater, can develop in meat products and milk. According to the World Health Organization per year in the world in the world cholera from 3-5 million people. Being highly contagious, cholera dies every year to 1.5 million children per year. It has been proven that cholera epidemics arise in countries with a low level of living. More than 2.5 billion people on earth do not know what a toilet is, they do not even have the opportunity to wash their hands. Flies are carriers of infection. Cholera's terrible disease, which in its time took millions of lives of people. Cholera vibrion affects organs gastrointestinal tract, mostly walls of the small intestine.

Water is the main way of transmission of infection. Infection occurs through infected food, household goods, dirty water. The disease begins suddenly. Pain in the stomach, frequent acts of defecation, thirst, dry mouth, decay of forces, decrease in body temperature, patient will vomiting, vomiting appears, arterial pressure drops. As a result, sharp dehydration occurs. The disease is treated with antibiotics.

Prevention measures: Do not drink water from unverified sources, follow the rules of personal hygiene, thoroughly wash raw vegetables and fruits.

9. Plague - causative agent of illness, possible ways of infection, measures of struggle(slides 17-18)

10. Conclusion(Slide 19)

Yes, the person takes danger everywhere everywhere, he has a lot of invisible enemies, who seek to get into the human body. Therefore, we must learn to defend themselves from them, using the most elementary rules of personal hygiene - thoroughly wash your hands after the toilet, before eating, after the street, wash vegetables and fruits before use, comply with all the terms of thermal processing in conservation of products, fight insect carriers of bacterial infections and rodents, make preventive vaccinations.

Compliance with these elementary life rules will help you to preserve the health of the Spring and for many years. After all, it is not bought and not for sale. Take care of your health!

INFORMATION SOURCES:

1.Http: //diagnos.ru.

2. http://mymedicalportal.net

3. http://womanAdvice.ru.ru.

4. WWW. Mikrobak.ru.

5.www.provizor.com.

6. www.factorpop.ru.

7. http://medicina.ua.

8. http: /www.skalpil.ru

9. www.jobsmediciner.ru.

10. Photos and pictures- www.yandex.ru