ARVI is a group of diseases having similar clinical manifestations. Characterized by the defeat of various departments of the respiratory tract with a mandatory presence of a number of respiratory (catarrhal) symptoms and an optional increase in the temperature of different degrees of severity (more often subfebrile). Viruses that cause these diseases have tropism to the cylindrical epithelium of the respiratory tract and lead to the degeneration of cells, dying, desquamation. ARVI includes flu, paragripp, adenoviral, respiratory - sycitial, rinovius, enterovirus, crown viral diseases. Diseases of this group are caused by viruses, which contains DNA and are transmitted by air - drip and contact - domestic routes.

ORVI refers to x class (breathing organs J00-J99) (J00-J06) acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract (J09-18) Flu and pneumonia (J20-J22) Other acute respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract The diagnosis formulation is given an assessment of nosology, severity of diseases, complications, background and accompanying diseases. Diagnosis of ICD Main DS: Acute Respiratory Viral Infection, Noodopharyngitis. J00 Main DS: ORVI: Conjunctivitis, Laringhotrachite, Bronchitis. J00 To make a diagnosis of "flu", a virological study is needed: to highlight the influenza virus, and only after that you can diagnose. In the outpatient and clinical conditions in the epidemic period of influenza, all patients establish a diagnosis of "influenza" on the basis of clinical manifestations and data of epidemiological history, and in between epidemic periods - ARVI with a mandatory indication of clinical syndrome due to infection. Example: Basic DS: Influenza A, Middle-Steel Current.

The introduction of the pathogen in the cells of the epithelium of the respiratory tract and its reproduction of virusemia with the development of toxicosis and toxico - allergic reactions Development of the inflammatory process in the respiratory system The inverse development of the infectious process, the formation of immunity

Inflammation of the larynx with the involvement of voice ligaments and the drowsy space dry bakey cough kneading voice - inflammation of the larynx with the involvement of voice ligaments and the drowsy space dry barking cough witness voice tracheitis - inflammation of the mucous trachea - inflammation of the mucous trachea dry cough dry cough peeking sneakers Inflammation of the mucous trachea - inflammation of the mucous trachea dry cough dry cough Sadness for the sternum festival for the sternum bronchitis - the defeat of the bronchi of various cough diameters (first dry, in a few days - wet, the sputum is often the mucous, from the 2nd week - with an admixture of greenery) auscultative scattered dry and medium - and large-tape wet wheezes in the lungs

Inflammation of the nastestrian with a characteristic pronounced respiratory impairment high fever high fever expressed throat pain, especially when swallowing pronounced throat pain, especially when swallowing dysphagia dysfagia respiratory violation right up to strider

Nonological Shape Main Syndrome Influenza Tracheit Paragripp Paragripp Larygitis Adenoviral Infection Tonnylofaring, Conjunctivitis, Adenoviral Pneumonia Rinovirus Infection Rinith Respiratory - Syncitial Bronchitis Virus, Bronchitis Coronaviruses Rinofaring, Bronchitis Coronavirus Torso Bronchitis, Bronchitoli Led, RDSV

The incubation period from 12 to 48 hours is a sharp beginning with chills, fever up to 39-40 ° C. In the first day of the disease and general phenomena of intoxication, intoxication syndrome is maximally expressed on 2-3 days, characteristic: pronounced general weakness, a sense of breakdown headache In frontal or lobno - temporal areas of lubricants in the muscles, bones, joints, lights, tear, pain in eyeballs Sometimes abdominal pain, short-term vomiting and diarrhea, transient meningism phenomena. Signs of respiratory tract attributes are joined later (after a few hours from the appearance of inxication symptoms). Characteristic manifestations of respiratory syndrome with influenza: nasal congestion or poorly pronounced rinorrhea. Throat, painful dry cough, chasing Pains for the sternum and along the trachea, anosexid voice in a few days the cough becomes productive, with the release of mucous membranes or mucous - purulent wet catarrhal symptoms are saved to 5-7 days from the beginning of the disease

Objectively: hyperemia of facial and neck Vascular injection Scler, wet eye glitter Increased sweating Sometimes - herpetic rash on the lips and near the nose. Bright spilled hyperemia and the grit of mucous oxide. In most patients, complete recovery occurs after 7-10 days, the total weakness and cough are preserved longer. A number of patients have an aggravation of the concomitant somatic pathology (especially cardio - pulmonary) or complications are developing the greatest mortality characteristic of persons over 65 years and patients of any age from a risk group.

Having lost the flu are issued after complete clinical recovery in normal results of blood and urine test results, but not earlier than 3 days after the establishment of normal body temperature. With a light form of influenza, the duration of temporary disability should be at least 6 days, with a moderate to 8 and severe at least 10-12 days. In the case of the accession of various complications, the temporary liberation of patients from work is determined by the nature of complications and their severity.

Behind people who have suffered uncomplicated flu forms, dispensary observation Not installed. Moving complicated forms of ORVI (pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, mastoids, myocardits, defeat nervous system: meningitis, meningoencephalitis, toxic neuritis, etc.) are subject to dispensarization at least 3-6 months. In relation to persons who have undergone such a complication of influenza as pneumonia, rehabilitation activities are carried out (in outpatient and polyclinic or sanatorium conditions), and they are subject to mandatory clinicalization for 1 year (with control clinico - laboratory surveys after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after illness).

When solving the issue of hospitalization, the severity of the state should be taken into account, the likelihood of the development of complications, as well as the possibility of organizing adequate care for patients at home. The issue of hospitalization primarily should be considered in patients aged 65 years and older, small children and persons with severe chronic diseases. Age in itself is not an indication for hospitalization. Signs of severe course of the disease, which refers to hospitalization serve: respiratory failure; convulsions (first identified) or neurological symptoms; hemorrhagic syndrome; dehydration requiring parenteral rehydration or other intravenous therapy; bronchiolite in children under three months; decompensation chronic diseases Lungs, cardiovascular vascular system. Hospitalization can be appropriate if it is impossible to organize adequate home care for patients in a state of moderate severity and serious with the risk factors for the development of complications (for example, single elderly and elderly)

The main directions of prevention cold illness are: 1. Hardening, healthy lifestyle, carrying out hygienic events temperature mode premises; regular ventilation; Daily wet cleaning of rooms with detergents. dressed in weather; Copp the mouth and nose with sneezing and coughing with a handkerchief (napkin), avoid touching your mouth, nose, eyes. Observe the "distance" when communicating, the distance between people during the conversation should be at least 1 meter (distance of the elongated hand) washing the hands with soap before cooking, its reception, as well as after flipping and playing; wearing mask with a sick person; Use only personal hygiene facilities and cutlery. Go to bed at the same time. This contributes to rapid falling asleep and full-fledged rest;.

2. Specific immunization (vaccine-philantal) flu vaccine is updated annually. Vaccination is carried out by vaccines created against viruses circulated in the previous winter, therefore, its effectiveness depends on how those viruses are real. It is known that with repeated vaccinations, efficiency increases, which is associated with a faster formation of specific antibodies in previously vaccinated people. 3 types of vaccines were developed: solid-divine vaccines - vaccines, which are a solid influenza virus (live or inactivated). Now these vaccines are practically not applied, because they have side Effects And often cause a disease. Split - vaccines (behydrated, vaxigipp, fluorix) are split vaccines containing only a part of the virus (surface proteins). Have a significantly smaller number of side effects and are recommended for adult vaccination. Subunisy vaccines (influenza, Agrippal, Grippol) are highly purified vaccines, only hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and neuraminidase are contained. Practically do not cause side effects. It is possible to use in children. Vaccination is required before the epidemic; The vaccine is developed exclusively against influenza viruses, therefore will not be effective against other viruses causing ARVI (due to this circumstance, it is advisable to prevent antiviral drugs in addition to vaccination); Vaccines have a number of contraindications to use and should be administered only in a healthy body. Before vaccination, consultation therapist is obligatory!

3. The use of immunomodulators immunomodulating agents of various nature, as well as physical impact, stimulating immune processes and enhance immune response. The main differences of this group are the impact on the body as a whole, and not for any link immune system Alternatively, a pronounced stimulating effect on nonspecific protection factors. Among the drugs of non-receptible vacation, several groups of immunomodulators are distinguished: preparations of bacterial origin: a) bacterial lysates, which include the lisates of the most common bacteria inhabiting the upper respiratory tracts. They combine the properties of vaccines and nonspecific immunostimulants, increase primarily local protective mechanisms (bronchomunal, and PC-19, IMUDON, Rib Ominyl) IRS -19 pharmaceutical group: immunostimulating drug based on bacterial Lisatov. Pharmaceuticals: IRS ®-19 increases specific and nonspecific immunity. When spraying IRS ®-19, a fine aerosol is formed, which covers the nasal mucous membrane, which leads to a rapid development of a local immune response. Specific protection is due to local-forming antibodies of the class A (IgA)-a (IgA), preventing fixing and reproduction of causative agents of infection on the mucous membrane. Nonspecific immunosochetics manifests itself in increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and increasing the content of lysozyme. Indications: Prevention of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi. Treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, etc. Restoration of local immunity after influenza or other virus infections. IRS ®-19 can be prescribed both adults and children from 3 months of age. Contraindications: Increased sensitivity to the preparation or its components in history and autoimmune diseases. Dosing: intranasally by aerosol administration of 1 dose (1 dose \u003d 1 short press of the spacing).

pharmachologic effect: Broncho - Munal is an immunomodulator of bacterial origin for intake and stimulates the natural mechanisms of protecting the body from respiratory infections. It reduces the frequency and severity of the flow of these infections. The drug increases humoral and cellular immunity. The mechanism of action: the stimulation of macrophages, an increase in the number of circulating T - lymphocytes and antibodies of LGA, LGG and LGM. The number of LGA antibodies increases, including on the mucous respiratory tract. Lisate bacteria acts on the body's immune system through the peeper plaques in the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. Indications: For the prevention of infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, the drug is used by three ten-day courses with twenty-day intervals between them. In the acute period of the disease, it is recommended for 1 capsule Broncho - Munal consistently for at least 10 days. The next 2 months is possible to propagately apply 1 capsule for 10 days, while maintaining a 20-day interval. The method of application and dose to adults and children over 12 years old are prescribed broncho - Munal Capsules 7.0 mg. Children from 6 months to 12 years old are prescribed Broncho - Munal P. The drug is taken in the morning on an empty stomach. One-time (daily) dose is one capsule.

B) probiotics interferons and inductors of their synthesis of natural and synthetic origin (cycloferon, halfdan, amiksin, lavelomax, neovir) immunostimulants vegetable origin (Echinacea preparations, Liana extract, cat claw, etc.). First of all, non-specific immunity are activated: the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages is stimulated, interleukin products. Show wide spectrum Related species of biological activity. Promotes the improvement of the body's protective forces is also the root of altea, daisy flowers, the field of field, the leaves of the nut, yarrow, rosehip, chamber, rosemary, etc.; Adaptogens. This group includes vegetable (ginseng, Chinese lemongrass, Rhodiola Pink, Aralia, Eleutherococcus, etc.) and biogenic (mumens, propolis, etc.) preparations. Have a general consensserizing effect, increase adaptive reactions of the body, contribute to the restoration and normalization of the activity of the immune system; Vitamins. The immunotropic properties of vitamins do not possess.

Volume medical events Determined by the severity of the state and character of pathology. During the fever period, the bed regime must be observed. Traditionally, the treatment of ARVI is widely used symptomatic (abundant warm drink - no less than 2 liters. Per day, optimally drinking liquid rich in vitamin C: vitamin infusion, tea with lemon, fruit. Full nutrition), desensitizing [chloropiramine (suprastin), celestine, Tsiprogeptadine (peritolete)] and antipyretic (Paracetamol preparations - Calpol, Panadol, Tylenol; Ibuprofen) means. Acid of acetylsalicylic children are contraindicated (the risk of developing the syndrome is Reia).

The etiotropic therapy of ARVI for influenza proven the effectiveness of 2 groups of drugs is: 1) M - channel blockers (Rimantadine, Amantadine). The antiviral effect is implemented due to the blocking of the ion channels (m 2) of the virus, which is accompanied by a violation of its ability to penetrate into the cells and release the ribonucleoproteide. Thus, the stage of viruses replication is inhibited. Treatment is better to start on the first day of the disease and no later than 3 days! Remanthadine is not recommended for children up to 12 years old, pregnant, persons suffering from chronic liver and kidney diseases. Treatment lasts 3 days according to the scheme: 1st day - 300 mg, 2 and 3d days of 200 mg, 4th day - 100 mg. 2) 2) Neuraminidase inhibitors: Omeltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Releza). In the inhibition of neuro-immidase, the ability of viruses is disturbed to penetrate healthy cells, their stability is reduced to the protective effect of the airway secretions and thus the further spread of the virus in the body is slowed down. In addition, neuro-indemidase inhibitors are able to reduce the products of pro-inflammatory cytokines - interleukin - 1 and the tumor necrosis factor, thereby preventing the development of a local inflammatory response and weakening the systemic manifestations of influenza (fever, Malgia, etc.). Take Ozheltonvir must be 1-2 tab 2 times a day. The advantage of Ozeltamivir is the possibility of appointing children under 12 years. Course treatment 3-5 days. Since 12 years applied.

Arbitol Russian antiviral chemotherapy. Tablets are available in 0.1 g and in capsules of 0.05 g and 0.1 g, it is believed that the drug specifically suppresses the influenza viruses A and B, and also stimulates the products of interferon and normalizes the immune system. It is used for the treatment and prevention of influenza caused by viruses A and V. Therapeutic effect It is expressed in reducing the symptoms of influenza and the duration of the disease. Warns the development of postgrippose complications, reduces the frequency of exacerbations of chronic diseases. Accepted inside. Treatment scheme. Adults and children over 12 years old: 0.2 g every 6 hours for 3-5 days; Arpetol, the Belarusian antiviral agent, has an immunomodulatory and anti-hypospose effect, specifically suppresses viruses of type A and B, severe acute respiratory syndrome. Jenric Arbidol.

ORVI - characterized by the defeat of various departments of the respiratory tract with the mandatory presence of a number of catarrhal symptoms and an optional increase in the temperature of different severity. Transmitted by air - drip and contact - domestic way. Patients: Ortortiksovirus, Paramiksoviruses, Coronaviruses, Picornoviruses, Rovirovi, Adenoviruses. Catarial and intoxication syndromes prevail in the clinic. With a light form of influenza, the duration of temporary disability should be at least 6 days, with a moderate to 8 and severe at least 10-12 days. Behind the persons who have undergone uncomplicated flu forms, the dispensary observation is not installed. Moving complicated ARVI forms are subject to dispensarization of at least 3-6 months. Treatment: the symptomatic and etiotropic main directions of the prevention of colds are: 1. Hardening, healthy lifestyle, conducting hygienic measures 2. Specific immunization (vaccine-philantal) 3. Preventive (planned) application of immunomodulators

Acute respiratory diseases (ORZ) - a group of diseases characterized by the defeat of various departments of the respiratory tract, a short incubation period, short fever and intoxication. Acute respiratory diseases include both ARVI and diseases caused by bacteria.

Synonyms

Acute respiratory infections, ORVI, cold
Code of the ICD-10
J06.9 Acute infection of the upper respiratory tract uncomfortable.
J02.0 streptococcal pharyngitis.
J20 Acute bronchitis.
O99.5 respiratory diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

ORZ - widespread diseases, they constitute about 90% of all infectious pathology. During pregnancy, ORZ is observed in 2-9% of patients. The source of infection is a sick person. Infection occurs with airborne droplets. Diseases often occur in the form of epidemics. In moderate latitudes, the peak of morbidity occurs from the end of December to the beginning of March. The disease is easily distributed in various institutions, places of increased accumulation of people.

Preventive Pregnancy Pregnancy

General measures of prevention include the maximum restriction of communication with outsiders, unfamiliar people during the increased morbidity, reception of vitamins. Among the specific prevention measures, vaccinations (flupes) are of particular importance. Reception of various antiviral drugs (Amantadine, Rimantadine, Olemetamivir, Acyclovir, Ribavirin). It should be noted that at present, from the point of view of evidence-based medicine, the effectiveness of such antiviral tools, asin, tetrabrometrahydroxidiphenyl, interferon-a2 in the form of nasal applications is not confirmed.

ORZ classification

ORZ is classified for etiological attribute. These include both viral infections and diseases caused by bacteria. Influenza, paragripp, adenoviral, respiratory and sycitial, rinoviral and repurring infections are greatest importance.

Etiology (reasons) ac

The pathogens include various types of viruses, less often bacterial infection. Among viruses, rhinoviruses, coronairuses, adenoviruses, influenza virus and paragrippa are most common. Among bacterial pathogens are the greatest value of streptococci. Mycoplasma, chlamydia, gonococci are also celebrated.

PATHOGENESIS

The gate of infection - the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The pathogen, falling into the upper respiratory tract, penetrates the cylindrical cylindrical epithelium, where its active reproduction occurs, which leads to damage to cells and the inflammatory response. With severe forms of disease (flu), all departments of airways can be involved right up to the Alvetol with the development of complications in the form of acute bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, pneumonia.

Pathogenesis of complications of gestation

The acute infectious process in the first trimester of pregnancy has a direct toxic effect on the fruit until his death. In some cases, there is infection of the placenta with the development of further placental insufficiency, the formation of the SIR and the intrauterine infectious pathology of the fetus.

Clinical picture (symptoms) ARZ during pregnancy

The incubation period lasts from several hours to two days. The disease has a sharp start: an increase in temperature to 38-40 ° C, chills, pronounced general intoxication (headache, weakness, pain in the muscles of the hands, legs, lower back, pain in the eyes, photophobia, adamina). Circle, nausea, vomiting may occur. The fever lasts 3-5 days, the decrease in temperature occurs critically, with an abundant sweating. Later there may be more or less long subfebristitet. When inspection, there is hyperemia of the face, neck, zea, the injection of spool vessels, sweating, bradycardia. Language is covered. When studying blood, leukopenia and neutropenia are detected. In the fevering period, protein, red blood cells, cylinders may appear in the urine. Catarial influenza syndrome is expressed by pharyngitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, especially characteristic of tracheitis. When rinovius, adenovirus infection The incubation period lasts longer and may continue the week or more. Incication is expressed moderately. Temperature of the body may remain normal or subfebrile. Leading syndrome - catarrhal; It is manifested in the form of rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis with the advent of dry cough.

Complications of gestation

The formation of developmental defects are noted (when infected in the first trimester of pregnancy - from 1 to 10%), the threat of abortion of pregnancy in 25-50% of cases, intrauterine infection of the fetus, placental insufficiency with the formation of a delay of intrauterine development and chronic fetal hypoxia. Possible detachment of the placenta in 3.2% of cases.

ARZ diagnosis during pregnancy

ANAMNESIS

When collecting anamnesis, it is paid to possible contacts with patients, exposure to frequent colds.

Physical examination

Physical examination is of particular importance in the diagnosis of OSZ complications. Attentive auscultation makes timely suspection and diagnose the development of acute bronchitis, pneumonia.

LABORATORY RESEARCH

During the period of epidemic outbreaks, the diagnosis does not represent difficulties, while sporadic cases of the disease (flu, adenovirus infection) require laboratory confirmation. Investigation of smears from the zea and nose using the ELISA. The serological method (retrospective) allows you to determine the increase in the Tutor AT to the virus in dynamics in 5-7 days. Clinical blood test (leukopenia or leukocytosis with moderate roded shift, soe may be normal). For timely diagnosis The complications show the definition under a period of 17-20 weeks of pregnancy of AFP, B-hCG. Study in the blood of the hormones of the fetoplacentar complex (estrilla, pl, progesterone, cortisol) is carried out on from 24 and 32 weeks.

Instrumental research

In the case of suspicion of the development of OSZ complications (sinusitis, pneumonia) to clarify the diagnosis on life indications, an x-ray study is possible.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out between different types of OSZ (influenza, adenoviral, respiratory and sycitial infection), sharp bronchitis and other acute infections (measles, rubella, scaryttern).

Indications for consultation of other specialists

Shown at heavy flow Diseases with pronounced signs of intoxication, with the development of complications in the form of bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, otitis, etc.

An example of the formulation of diagnosis

Pregnancy 33 weeks. ORVI. The threat of premature births.

Treatment of ORZ (cold, influenza) in pregnant women

Prevention and forecasting of the complications of gestation

Includes timely treatment of the infectious process.

Features of treating complications of gestation

Treatment of complications of gestation in trimesters

I trimester: symptomatic treatment of ARVI. In the future, careful observation of the development of pregnancy, the formation and growth of the fetus. When developing complications of ARVI (pneumonia, Otitis, sinusitis) use pathogenetic antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating therapy. In the influenza, the interruption of pregnancy is carried out due to a high (10%) risk of developmental anomalies.

II and III trimesters: therapy using interferonov (others antiviral drugs prohibited during pregnancy). In a bacterial infection, antibiotics are used, taking into account the possible harmful effect on the fruit. If necessary, treat the threat of pregnancy interruption, placental insufficiency according to generally accepted schemes. In the detection of signs of an intrauterine infection, immunoglobulin of a person is administered by a normal 50 ml in a day three times, followed by the purpose of interferon (interferon-A2) in the form of rectal candles 500 thousand meters a day every day for 10 days, then 10 candles of 500 thousand mim twice a day twice a week.

Treatment of complications in childbirth and postpartum period

In childbirth, careful anesthesia is shown to prevent generic anomalies and bleeding.

Prevention of fetal hypoxia, treatment of native anomalies is carried out by generally accepted methods. In the postpartum period in the first day, the parental should be assigned uterotonic drugs, conduct preventive antibiotic therapy

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment

They are carried out according to the results of the blood test on the hormones of the fetoplacentar complex, ultrasound and CTG data.

Selection of the term and method of the delivery

Rhodework in the acute period is associated with a high risk of native anomalies, bleeding, as well as postpartum purulent-septic complications. In connection with this, along with antiviral and antibacterial therapy, during this period, treatment is carried out to improve the function of the fetoplacementary complex and pregnancy prolongation. Rhodeworgation should be carried out after subscribing signs of acute infectious process. Preferably consider the delivery to the natural generic paths.

Information for the patient

When IVI, the patient is infected for 5-7 days from the beginning of the disease. In the event of an ARVI, a physician consultation is required due to the high risk of complications of both pregnant and the fetus.

The ICD (International Classification of Diseases) is a document that helps classify diseases, as well as keep records of morbidity. MKB 10 - current qualification rate. It helps to diagnose many pathologies, including acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory diseases.

What is it and where is used

The ICD is a document that is created and approved by the World Health Organization. With it, it is recorded about mortality and incidence of people by those or other diseases. With the help of information from international classification, it is possible to give long wording a small size in the form of code. Reduction includes letters and numbers.

The ICD in most cases is used by doctors and scientists. With its help, doctors faster establish a diagnosis and exchange information. For example, one of the doctors can learn about the patient's condition, just looking at the diagnosis of another doctor in the form of a reduced code.

The classification reflects not only a person present in humans, but also its appearance and features. A short code gives deployed information that is easily perceived.

What is the role of classification for scientific and medical society

In any professional environment, various abbreviations and abbreviations are used, which allow simulating any information concisely. Classification plays an important role in medicine and science.

Scientific society with the help of an international classification of disease can learn statistics and how it changes. Based on this, they can conduct research. The ICD also allows you to exchange information obtained from different points of the world.

Doctors of various specializations can get a large amount of information from anamnesis, reading contractile abbreviations. This allows you to significantly speed up the diagnosis. Allocate the following advantages of using a single classification:

• receiving and sending information in a compressed form
• keeping statistics and accounting for any diseases
• comparison with previous periods

Based on the data obtained, it is possible to take the right actions. Thanks to regular accounting, it is possible to find out when ORZ outbreaks will occur and what to do to reduce the risks to get sick.

How at the moment IZ is diagnosed

Polyclinics use a complete description of the disease in diagnosing. Only sometimes abbreviations are used. Do this due to the fact that with the help of abbreviations fails to pass the severity of the disease. The ICD code is used exclusively for statistics.

The verbal wording is understandable to the patient, so when working with people, it is still considered preferable. In some hospitals, both ways to describe the diagnosis (classical and using code) are used. For large-scale accounting, the ICD code is preferable.

The classic diagnosis of acute respiratory infection is as follows:

1. A detailed examination is carried out. Patient survey is performed.
2. Analyzes are assigned.
3. It turns out the root cause of illness and its appearance.

Diagnostation using the ICC 10 is made using the same methods. Differences consist in the final result. The diagnosis in this case consists of code.

What cuts and codes are used

Abbreviations that are used in the diagnosis of respiratory infections are familiar to many people. The codes are unknown outside of medical science. When a sharp respiratory infection is detected, codes X class, J00-J06 block for sharp respiratory infections, the J10-J18 block for influenza. Among the abbreviations that are used in classical diagnostics without the use of the ICD are distinguished:

Most often people face the formulations of ARVI, ORZ and flu. Each diagnosis has little differences from each other.

If the doctor has diagnosed with Ori (acute respiratory infection), then this means that at the time of the diagnosis it was unknown, which infectious agent struck a person. Ori may imply both bacterial and viral infections. Usually after setting this diagnosis, general means are used to treat respiratory lesions.

If an ARVI is diagnosed (acute respiratory viral infection), then this means that the causative agent of the disease is precisely known. After a detailed examination, its appearance and the most effective method of treatment is established.

It is worth noting that when diagnosing, less popular abbreviations are used with the ICD 10 code. They consist of Latin letters and numbers. When using the International Classification method, an accurate disease is indicated. Under the classical wording (ORVI, Ori), it can be understood by rhinitis, sinusitis, etc. The ICD codes allow you to immediately indicate the exact disease and the pathogen.

The only minus is considered the absence of the possibility of encrypting the severity of how the disease occurs.

How to make a diagnosis of ICD

To correctly make a diagnosis, you must carefully examine what codes are used in certain situations. The ICD 10 includes 22 classes that are numbered by Roman numbers. It will take carefully to study the 10th grade, which is completely devoted to diseases of the respiratory organs.

Information from the international classification of diseases you need to know all specialists for free understanding of the data that are distributed by the World Health Organization. In the X class presented codes from J00 to J99.

The diseases of the upper respiratory tract are marked by codes J00-06. It is they who affect a person most often. J10-19 codes are marked with flu and pneumonia. To form an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will need to explore the first 6 codes, including:

• J00 - acute Nedofarengitis
• J01 - acute sinusitis
• J02 - acute pharyngitis
• J03 - acute tonsillitis
• J04 - acute laryngitis
• J05 - acute epiglotte
• J06 - Total Upper Respiratory Infection

It is worth noting that the code can be expanded. For example, the reduction of J02.0 is used to designate streptococcal pharyngitis.

If the doctor wants to correctly diagnose on the ICD, it will need to spend some time to study the document. An important in diagnosis is the qualifications. The setting of the correct diagnosis requires comprehensive development.

Difficulties in the diagnosis of respiratory infection with intestinal manifestations

Doctors when diagnosing the ICD 10 sometimes collide with problems. One of them is a respiratory viral infection with intestinal manifestations. This disease is often confused with a simple intestinal infection. In this case, the disease code will be completely different.

To correctly make a diagnosis, you will need to use modern diagnostic tools. According to symptoms, it is impossible to distinguish the disease from each other. It is necessary to find out the etiology of the disease. After a detailed examination, it will be possible to understand which code to give viral damage in accordance with international Classification Diseases.

How to use mkb maximum efficiency

In order to correctly and quickly diagnose diseases and give them the appropriate code, it is necessary to know well international qualifications. In addition, you need to use modern diagnostic tools. The approach should be as follows:

• attentive studies of the anamnesis
• establishment of attention to individual features of a person (accompanying diseases, state immunity)
• consultations with other specialists

In case of difficulties in the formulation of the diagnosis, additional surveys are prescribed. In some cases, a consultation is collected to get several expert opinions.

If the doctor needs to be able to constantly use the ICD, then it is better to learn all the codes related to its specialization. Thus, the formulation of diagnoses and maintaining statistics is much faster.

The formulation of the diagnosis, based on the ICD code, is a simple process if the doctor is familiar with the abbreviations used. The specialist fits the codes that correspond to the patient's condition. Code code rarely is double. Modern diagnosis Practically always allows us to find out the causative agent of the disease, so this is reflected in the code in the form of an additional digit.

Diagnosing a disease takes time. In some cases, when the respiratory disease is detected, a preliminary diagnosis is made, which does not reflect the root cause and pathogen. When carrying out additional examinations, the code may vary.

When using verbal diagnosis, it is possible to describe more details. Among them are distinguished:

• severing flow
• accompanying illnesses
• complications that have appeared

Specify all this using the ICD code, it is impossible. However, verbal wording is not suitable for accounting for a large amount of data. If it is necessary to calculate the number of sick-specific disease in one country or around the world, then the most preferred decision is considered to reduce information.

International Classification of Diseases is a convenient format suitable for both diagnostics and statistics. The main advantage of using the rules of the ICD is global recognition. The preparation of the document is engaged in the specialists of the World Health Organization.

In many countries, statistics are officially conducted using international classification. Thus, it is possible to work with a huge amount of data. Thanks to this people, affordable incidence and mortality statistics are becoming available.

vselekari.com.

Cold - Nose and throat infection caused by many different viruses. Children suffer more often. Paul, genetics, lifestyle values \u200b\u200bdo not have.

There are at least 200 high-flowagious viruses that cause ordinary cold. These viruses are easy to infect air-droplet (through the tiny drops formed in the air during the cough and sneezing of those who have already become ill. In most cases, the same viruses are transmitted even through a handshake with an infected person or through objects contaminated with the virus, such as common dishes. or towel.

Cold You can get sick at any time of the year, although the main outbreaks of infections fall on autumn and winter. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, because They still have no immunity to the most common viruses, as well as due to the fact that viruses are very quickly distributed in kindergartens and schools.

First symptoms colds Usually develop between 12 hours to 3 days after infection. They are most intensive appearing in the first 24-48 hours, in contrast to the flu, which leads to shopful deterioration Conditions in the first hours.

For costood The patient is developing the following symptoms:

- frequent sneezing;

- a strong runny nose with transparent watery discharges, which subsequently become thick and acquire a greenish tint;

- a slight increase in temperature and headache;

- pain in the throat and sometimes cough.

Some patients are ordinary cold It may be complicated by a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract or the incomplete sinuses. Bacterial ears infection, characterized by severe pain in the ear, is also often complicated. colds.

Despite extensive scientific research until funds for rapid cure were found. colds. Symptoms colds You can remove the following groups with medications:

- Analgesics, which will make it easier for headache and drop the temperature;

- countercurrent means that will reduce the nasal congestion;

- antitussive tools that eliminate cough and throat pain.

During the disease, you need to drink a lot of fluid, especially at high temperatures. Most people for prevention and treatment colds Take a large amount of vitamin C, but the true benefits of this fund is not yet proven. If the patient's condition does not improve during the week, and the child will not be better in two days, you should contact a doctor. With the development of the main complication - bacterial infection - it is necessary to assign antibiotics, although against the viruses colds They are ineffectins.

Cold It goes well, without treatment in 2 weeks, but the cough can stay longer.

www.rlsnet.ru.

Classification on the ICD-10

Under this term, the whole category of pathologies with general symptoms that have certain features are understood:

• all of them are infectious;
• pathogens of pathology penetrate the body with air-droplet;
• first of all, the organs of the respiratory system are affected;
• such diseases have rapid development and are not long.

To distinguish an ARZ from influenza and angina, you need to analyze the clinical picture. So, for angina, similar manifestations are characteristic, but the patient has pain when swallowing. Also often appears swelling in the neck area. The temperature increases to 38-39 degrees and is confused with great difficulty.

Influenza appears suddenly. Temperature can be 38.5 degrees. Sometimes she achieves 40 degrees at all. This pathology is characterized by chills, cough, fragile in the body. Often there is strong sweating and nasal congestion without a cold. Eyes will also be frozen and blush, there is a pulling pain in the progred area.

Pathogens, incubation period

ARZ can be a consequence of various viruses. In total there are more than 200 species of viral infections. These include rhinoviruses, flu, coronaviruses. Also, adenoviruses, enteroviruses may also be causative agents.

In addition, the ARZ can be associated with infection with such common microbes like meningococci, staphylococci, hemophilic stick, streptococci of various species. Sometimes, chlamydia and mycoplasma becomes causes.

Features of OSZ symptoms and causes of the disease:

Causes and paths of infection, risk group

The pathogen enters the body through the upper respiratory tract, settles on the mucous membranes and multiplies. The disease leads to damage to the mucous membrane.

At the same time, the primary manifestations of the ARZ are occurring - swelling and inflammatory changes in the nose and sip. With a weakening of the immune system, the causative agent quickly penetrates down, hitting the entire respiratory tract.

As a rule, steady immunity is produced after the suffering disease.

The risk group includes people who face such factors:

• supercooling;
• the presence in the body of chronic foci;
• stressful situations;
• unfavorable environmental conditions;
• eternal nutrition.

Symptoms of ac

The characteristic manifestations of the ARZ include the following:

• nasal congestion, rhinitis;
• sneezing;
• overlay and sore throat;
• increasing temperature;
• cough;
• common inxication of the body.

The main manifestations of the disease belong respiratory symptomswhich indicate the inflammation of the mucous cover of the respiratory organs. All clinical signs are divided into two categories:

• damage to respiratory tract;
• common inxication of the body.

TO inflammatory processes In respiratory tracts at different levels include the following:

• rinith is an inflammatory lesion of the nasal mucosa;
• pharyngitis - lies in damage to the pharynx;
• larygitis - under this term understand the defeat of the larynx;
• tracheitis - implies inflammation of the trachea.

Diagnostics

Most often, it is enough to study the anamnesis and common clinical symptoms to identify ORZ. The doctor must be notified about when the temperature rose, how many days it holds and what symptoms this process accompany.

If necessary, a specialist will appoint additional surveys - for example, general analysis blood. To identify the pathogen of pathology, sowing separated from the nasopharynx. A serological study can also be performed.

What is the difference between ORZ and ARVI tells Dr. Komarovsky:

Principle of treatment

It is necessary to treat this pathology under the control of the doctor. Even SAMIA light form Diseases can lead to dangerous complications. In difficult cases, the patient should be hospitalized in the hospital.

Typically, the treatment of ARZ includes such components:

1. Application of antiviral agents. Most often doctors prescribe such drugs as remantadine, oseltamivir, Zakamavir.
2. Compliance with strict beddown.
3. Abundant drink. You can take decoctions of medicinal plants or rosehip. Also suitable ordinary tea.
4. Receiving interferon.
5. The use of antipyretic agents. Such drugs should be taken exclusively with a strong increase in temperature. Adult patients usually discharge tablets and injections. Children are advised to take medicines in the form of syrups.
6. Reception of anti-inflammatory funds.
7. The use of antihistamine drugs.
8. Use herbal decractions for rinsing throats. Such a method of therapy is more suitable for adult patients, as children do not always know how to rinse the throat.
9. Drug pain in the throat. This category includes funds such as sprays and lollipops.
10. Introduction of vesseloring drops into the nose. It is also very useful to wash the nose with saline solutions.
11. Reception of vitamin complexes.
12. Use of cough preparations.

Principles of treatment of the ARS in our infographics

Treatment errors, what can not do

Many people make widespread mistakes during the treatment period of ARS. This leads to the development of dangerous complications. To avoid this, you need to comply with such recommendations:

1. Do not use antipyretic drugs for a long time. This prevents the body combat with the virus. In addition, there is a risk to disguise the symptoms of dangerous complications - otita or pneumonia.
2. It is not recommended to immediately begin the use of antibiotics. They do not act on a viral infection and can lead to a significant weakening of immunity.
3. It is not necessary in the absence of appetite. It helps a person to deal with the disease, and not spend energy to digest food.
4. It is not recommended to carry the disease on the legs. Compliance with the bed mode is one of the key conditions of rapid recovery. If this rule is violated, there is a risk of serious complications.

Complications

The most common complication of viral infection is the attachment of bacterial.

ARZ can lead to such consequences:

• otitis;
• sinusitis;
• myocarditis;
• tracheitis;
• pneumonia;
• neuritis;
• bronchitis.

How to cure Orz and cold, look in our video:

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of the ARZ, especially during pregnancy, you need to adhere to such recommendations:

• refuse smoking and alcohol;
• make influenza vaccinations;
• take vitamins;
• use products with lots of vitamins and useful elements;
• fully rest;
• wearing a mask during epidemics;
• taking immunomodulators and antiviral agents;
• to eliminate contact with sick people.

ORZ is a very common category of pathologies, which is accompanied by unpleasant manifestations and significantly reduces the quality of life. To cope with the ailment, it is necessary to clearly follow the medical recommendations and do not tolerate the disease on the legs. This will help to avoid dangerous complications.

gidmed.com.

Orz. Acute respiratory diseases (sharp kama respiratory tract). Very common diseases with predominant respiratory tract. Caused by various etiological agents (viruses, mycoplasm, bacteria). Immunity after transferred diseases strictly type-specific, for example, to influenza virus, paragrippa, simpleness, rinovirus. Therefore, the same person may have a sharp respiratory disease for up to 5-7 times during the year. A source of infection is a person patient with clinically pronounced or erased forms of acute respiratory disease. Little importance are healthy virosters. Transmission of infection occurs with predominantly air-droplet. Diseases are found in the form of individual cases and epidemic flashes.

Symptoms and orz current. ORZ is characterized by relatively weakly pronounced phenomena of general intoxication, preferably defeat the upper departments of the respiratory tract and a benign course. The defeat of the respiratory organs is manifested in the form of rhinitis, rinopharygitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheolaryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia. Some etiological agents, in addition to these manifestations, also cause a number of other symptoms: conjunctivilation and keratoconjunctivitis in adenovirus diseases, moderately pronounced signs of herpetic angina in enterovirus diseases, red-like eczema with adenovirus and enterovirus diseases, false croup syndrome in infection of adenoviral and paragripping infections. Duration of the disease in the absence of pneumonia from 2-3 to 5-8 days. With pneumonia, which is often caused by mycoplasms, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus in combination with bacterial infection, the disease lasts 3-4 weeks and more, poorly amenable to therapy.

ORZ recognition. The main method is clinical. They are diagnosed: acute respiratory disease (ORZ) and give it to decipher (rhinitis, rinopharyngitis, acute laryngotracycondihite, etc.). The etiological diagnosis is made only after laboratory confirmation.

Treatment of ac. Antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic preparations are ineffective, as they do not act on the virus. Antibiotics can be prescribed with acute bacterial respiratory diseases. Treatment is more often done at home. At the time of the fevering period, bedding is recommended. Assign symptomatic means, antipyretic, etc.

Prevention of ORZ. For a specific - a vaccine is used. For the prevention of influenza, and remantadine can be used.

med36.com

Tasks classification

The International Classification of Diseases of 2010 revision (abbreviated ICB-10) is a generally accepted classification of various diseases, in accordance with which it is also accepted to distinguish between various types of acute respiratory and viral infections. The ICB-10 OGB-10 includes various diseases that have an alpo index J and numeric pointers. The application of such an international classification of diseases makes it possible to significantly simplify the diagnosis, and subsequently improve the quality of the treatment.

ORVI - briefly about the disease

The diseases of the acute respiratory viral infection are caused by various pathogenic viruses, which are able to get into our body with air-droplet and quickly infect the organism. Such a viral infection is able to affect the nasopherler, leading to the appearance of cough, runny nose, hit the trachea and so on. In each case, the symptoms of this disease, the form of diagnostics and the method of treatment depends on its particular shape and the pathogen. It should be noted that there are viral diseaseswhich is easily treated at home, while other severe forms require the immediate hospitalization of the patient.

Orvi diagnosis rules

The diagnosis is carried out on the basis of a virological study. A smear is taken, which allows you to highlight a specific virus, after which it is possible to put an accurate diagnosis. We also note that it is possible to form a diagnosis on the basis of an existing epidemiological history. The main symptoms include the following:

• The appearance of the discharge from the nose, and / or nasal congestion.
• Surability when swallowing saliva or food.
• Few pronounced intoxication.
• Inflammation of the sublabit space and voice ligaments with larynx.

ORVI code for ICD 10

ORVI belongs to the ICD 10 to X Class of Diseases, and has indices from J 09 to J 18. Also to this category of the group may include pneumonia and flu, acute respiratory defeat of the upper and lower respiratory tract. All codes of such diseases are approved by the international classification and in the description are indicated in the patient's medical map.

Diagnosis wording in accordance with ICD 10

In accordance with the current classification of diseases of the ICD-10 ORVI, this is a group of diseases that are characterized by the damage to numerous departments of the respiratory tract. At the same time, the patient marks catarrhal and respiratory symptoms, depending on the specific form of the disease. In most cases, doctors do not distinguish certain forms of the disease, and when diagnosis, the Code of the ICD 10 is specified. However, in the presence of heavy forms of this disease, including adenoviral infection, the patient is mandatory to be put into the hospital and conduct appropriate competent treatment.

Hospital sheet for ORVI

The deadline for which a sick leave is issued for ORVI MKB-10, directly depends on the shape of the virus and the severity of symptoms. Usually doctors give out, the so-called averaged sick leave, which operates 3 to 4 days. During this time, the patient must pass tests, which will allow a specialist to correctly determine the specific pathogen.

During the first 3 days, appropriate antiviral and symptomatic treatment is performed, and in most cases such a term is sufficient to suppress infection. In the event that a patient has no improvement in a patient, or a heavy form is established, the hospital leaf can be extended for a period of time and more.

mYTERAPEVT.COM.

The nature of pathology

ARVI is characterized by air-drip penetration in the cavity of the respiratory organs. Intensive dissemination of the disease is primarily in the cold time of day. Clinicians share pathology in the severity of the flow and other symptoms in the form of temperature, the nature of intoxication, the degree of lesion of the upper respiratory tract.

The main source of the disease is a sick man and contact with him. In rare cases, sharp respiratory diseases may have a contact-household or oral path of appearance. The first bodies in which the virus falls is the nasal moves, throat, eye conjunctive. The pathogenic activity of the virus begins precisely in the mucous tissues of the nasal ways.

The disease is characterized by high contagiousness. The risks of infection are especially great when the patient is sick for the first week. Infectness are more susceptible to people with reduced immune status, elderly and elderly, children early age.

Single Register Classification

The diagnosis of ORVI in the classification of diseases is submitted by numbers from J00 to J06. In modern classification, the bronchorate is no longer included in chronic flow. ORVI code on the ICD-10 includes a whole list of viral diseases that cover patients up to 18 years and older in hospitals and in the accounting of multi-public institutions. Users of such a protocol are usually therapists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, infectiousists.

Clinical picture

Symptoms of ARVI is a runny nose, a feeling of itching in nasal strokes, sneezing, high tearing. As the disease develops, hyperthermia increases, the temperature can reach 39-40 s °. 1-2 days after the beginning of the first manifestations, the mucous secret is thickened, changes the color into yellowish or green. These signs characterize the beginning of the intensification of the body's immune protection against a viral infection. The main signs of ARVI consider:

ensure in the throat, dry cough, hyperemia mucous larynx;

an increase in lymph nodes;

ailment, lubrication in the joints, fatigue;

headache;

lack of appetite, weight loss;

sand feeling in eyes, irritation and tear;

sweating along with chills.

Early children are sharply feeling the infectious defeat of the upper respiratory tract, the symptoms are always stronger than in adults. The disease can be accompanied by diarrhea, vomiting, strong anxiety, psycho-emotional instability, weight loss, vomiting after meals. Temperature in children rises to high valuesIt is difficult to fall even on the background of the antipyretic. Clinical symptoms Usually stored up to 5 days, after which it comes to relief.

The main differences of the ARVI from ORZ

What is the difference between Orzh from ORVI? Acute respiratory disease or in the ARS abbreviation is essentially starting The development of influenza and ARVI, if caused by a viral medium. The usual cold and flu virus have a different course, complications and forecasts, as well as treatment tactics. ARZ can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, mushrooms, viruses. ORVI is a wide range of diseases caused by viral infection.

Given that both diseases occur equally, minor differences still exist. Several main features that can become distinctive features in these pathologies are distinguished:

Causes of occurrence. If ORZ unites the group of respiratory diseases, the ARVI is caused by a viral pathogenic environment.

Temperature. ARZ can manifest itself without temperature, and the ERVI is almost always accompanied by hyperthermia in children and adults, it is difficult to treat.

The nature of the flow. ARZ begins sluggish, slowly proceeds. Influenza and ARVI develops quickly, wears a rapid nature with a pronounced deterioration of well-being.

Complication and forecast. ORZ symptoms disappear already for 2-3 days after the start of treatment. With ORVI and flu, symptoms can be maintained up to 5 days. The main complication of the ARS is ORVI. With flu, there is a risk of developing pneumonia, bronchitis, myocarditis or pericarditis.

The restoration of the patient with ARZ and ORVI is usually long. Usually, for complete recovery, the patient needs 14 days. Subject to the development of paragrippa and influenza, patients experience the largest intoxication, high temperature, severe lobs in the body, dry unproductive cough, pain in the head and increased light-friendly. ORVI symptoms are often complicated febrile convulsions In young children.

Treatment of ARVI in children and adults

The tactics of therapeutic process in children and adults is practically no different. The only difference is the use of smaller dosages drugs, as well as the use of more gentle preparations. The following groups of drugs are prescribed.

Nasal drops

Drops for injection of nasal moves remove signs of colds and viral infection, make breathing. Usually prescribe drops with a thoroughbuilding component and antiviral agents. Preparations reduce the secretion of mucus, remove swelling, ensure full-fledged nutrition of the brain oxygen, eliminate the pathogenic activity of viruses. With the complication of a cold, antibiotics are prescribed by bacterial infection. The following are the following means:

Isofra and Phalidex (antibacterial to prevent hymoritis);

Infpopheron, Naoferon, Laferon, Genferon, Derinat (for stimulating local immunity and elimination of pathogenic microflora);

Pinosol, Afrins, Nazol, Nazivin (vasoconstriction drops);

Salin, Hewer, Aquamaris, sodium chloride (solutions based on salt and seawater for washing).

Connecting the nose and the accumulation of mucus during the cold against the background of ARVI or influenza is a serious problem, as there are risks of inflammation of the gaymorovy sinuses. Additionally, it is possible to wash the nasal moves by Mirismine, chlorhexidine, furacilin, soda saline.

The vesseloring drugs take no more than 5 days to prevent serious complications on the nasal mucosa.

Non-immunity anti-inflammatory drugs

In the treatment of ORVI, it is important comprehensive treatment. At temperatures, non-immune anti-inflammatory agents are prescribed. Slabs in the joints, heat and general malaise will help eliminate the following drugs:

Teraflu and Coldrex (Powders with paracetamol);

Paracetamol;

Ibuprofen;

Diclofenac;

Funds rapidly reduce body temperature, facilitate SMI symptoms, widely used in pediatric practice. Preparations in powders remove the first symptoms of colds and at the stage of complications, so it is important to begin timely therapy to prevent the development of ARVI or influenza. When receiving nonteroidal drugs Bed mode is recommended. The temperature in children should be shot down after 38 s °, in adults after 38.5 s °.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are prescribed to eliminate the swelling of mucous membranes, inflammation, withdrawing general symptoms of indisposition. Among the frequently appointed drugs during ORVI uses:

DIMEDROL (mainly in injections);

Claritin;

SEMPREK;

• Suprastin.

Some of them have a pronounced sedative effect, so if you need to concentrate attention, you should choose those that do not cause drowsiness.

Tools from sore throat

Pain in the throat with a cold and ORVI can grow into an angina, so all measures should be taken to prevent tonsillitis. Effective in the throat pain is rinsing with antiseptic solutions (furacilin, chlorhexidine), the use of antibacterial sprays (hexoral, doctor, Tantuum Verde, bioparox).

You can rinse the throat with brine, decoction of herbs (cleanliness, oak bark, chamomile, calendula). Easy pain can be warm drink, honey with milk. These funds are checked for years and are ideal for the treatment of children. Instead of rinsing, you can brew a steep decoction from chamomile and process the cavity of the mouth of the child from the fringe.

Cough medication

Cough arises for 3-4 days after the start of ORVI. To improve the discharge and wetness of sputum, softening of spasms, as well as to relieve symptoms, syrups, tablets or pasteille are prescribed:

Ambroxol;

Dr. MOM;

Streptils;

Mukaltin;

Broncholitin.

The need to prescribe flucolytic drugs should be confirmed by diagnostic research, medical appointment. In some cases, the suppression of cough reflex can be dangerous.

Other local drugs

Treatment of viral infection involves the use of local funds, including mustard pieces, warming ointments. Particularly allocate Mazi based on camphor (Linkas, Dr.). Ointment is applied to the wings of the nose, whiskey, sternum and back. When applied to the chest, the liniment is triturated, avoiding the region of the heart.

For the treatment of young children, it is enough to lubricate the heels and wear socks (in the absence of a strong heat). Use on the face can provoke allergies and respiratory failure.

Before entering the street, it is effective to use antiviral ointment viriferon, interferon, oxoline ointment. This allows you to stop the ingress of viruses on mucous respiratory moves.

An ARVI is prescribed antibiotics only in the case of attachment of bacterial microflora or complications in the form of inflammation of light, sinusitis, bronchitis, myocarditis. Basically, drugs from the group of cephalosporinic row (ceftriaxone, cefotaxim) are used. They are effective against most pathogenic strains.

The treatment is determined only by a doctor after diagnosing and personal inspection. An independent assignment of drugs can be dangerous by various complications up to death. The treatment of young children is usually carried out within the hospital walls under the supervision of doctors. Adults can be treated at home, observing all medical recommendations.

Prediction and prevention

Forecast for ORVI is favorable, especially with timely treatment of the pathological condition. With inadequate therapy, ignoring symptoms, treatment folk remedies The houses greatly aggravates the forecast, especially if it concerns the treatment of young children. Complications of influenza and ORVI are sufficiently dangerous and able to lead to the painful death of the patient (false croup or stenosis of the larynx, alveolar swelling, encephalopathy, meningitis).

The prevention against influenza and ARVI lies in timely vaccination or the use of interferon-based preparations for immunity stimulation. It should be noted that the Vaccine against ORVI is not a panacea of \u200b\u200bthe disease, however, if the patient is ill, the symptoms proceed quite easily, there are no serious complications.

In the epidemics of flu and sharp respiratory diseases, it is recommended to use protective masks, lubricate the nasal stations with oxides of Viferon, oxoline ointment to prevent infection. Unwanted contacts with carriers of virions, it is necessary to comply with hygiene after the street (wash hands, face, wash the nose).

ARVI and flu in the ICD 10 occupy their place. These diseases are given by several sections in different classes, they can be encrypted by clinical and etiological attribute.

In what cases is diagnosed with flu, in which ARVI, the ICD 10 does not give clear instructions. Despite the fact that there are codes that denote certain respiratory infections, the basis of the classification is still a clinical picture of the disease, as well as the level of lesion.

If necessary, to clarify the diagnosis of the ethiological basis of ARVI, the Code of ICD 10 can be supplemented with another code reflecting the type of infectious agent. Sections in which these codes are located are in different classes. ORVI code is in the X class, and the causative agent is specified by the cipher from the class I.

The basis of the classification of diseases in the ICD 10 is the clinical picture of the disease and the level of lesion

Classifications are needed so that doctors, having received some basic knowledge, could communicate with each other about or another clinical case or laboratory surveillance. Classifications give a certain set of terms that are commonly used in the scientific community, and also reflect the submission of scientists about the relationship between different phenomena.

There are many copyright classifications of diseases and various pathological conditions. Some of them are commonly used, some have lost their importance. If the classification of the disease is used by scientists with some kind of scientific school, it can be ignored by scientists from another school who have their own cases for this, in their opinion, more appropriate. Some classifications have the nature of national, that is, adopted for the use of doctors and state scientists. There are international classifications.

The most significant is the "International Statistical Classification of Conditions and Problems related to Health (ICD)." This document is drawn up WHO, it operates in all countries and is periodically revised by the results of new research. Classification 10 is currently used.

This document provides a unified approach to diseases, statistical comparability of data. For this, verbal formulations of diagnoses are indicated by a unique alphanumeric code. Any disease has its own code on the ICD 10, ARVI in adults and children is no exception. The use of these codes for statistical processing of incidence information is mandatory for doctors.

Rules for the diagnosis of ARZ, ARVI, Ori or Influenza

Despite the fact that for statistics of ARVI cipher on the ICD 10 is mandatory, a verbal formulation of the diagnosis is still used to describe a clinical case with practical activity. The verbal wording allows the most fully and comprehensively to disclose the nature of the pathological process in each particular case. It can reflect the data on the sharpness of the disease, the nature and severity of the flow, the clinical version, as well as other important information. If you use only the ICB 10 code, the diagnosis of ARVI does not disclose some of the characteristics, for example, the severity.

The severity is one of the SMI symptoms, although in the ICD 10 it is not registered

When the diagnosis of infection of the upper respiratory tract sections is used codes from x-class, the J006 unit. For verbal wording, different abbreviations - Orzi, ORVI, flu can be used. The doctor, using a particular term, reflects its idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of the disease that has struck the patient:

1. If the term is used Or. (acute respiratory infection), then this means that there are signs of damage to infectious respiration. It is obvious that there is some kind of causative agent of the disease, but it is neither laboratory or clinical signs. It may be a virus, bacterium or other infectious agent. In Orvi, the ORI includes ORVI, on the ICD 10 in adults and children, these diseases are encoded in the J00 - J06 X class unit with the addition of "BDU". "BDA" means "without additional clarification." The verbal wording admits the use of the word "unspecious", "unspecified etiology". For example: Ori, the pharyngitis of unspecified etiology. Either etiology is specified, but the infectious agent has no viral nature. If it is streptococcal or staphylococcus, then the diagnosis is complemented by the code from section B95, if another bacterium - b is codes from class I, block B95 - B97.
2. ARVI. Deciphered - acute respiratory viral infection. In the ICC 10 ORVI is encoded in the same sections as Ori (J00 -J06). The difference is that with the established etiology of the disease, the diagnosis can be complemented by the code of section B97 from I class I, where listed infectious agents viral nature. Additional codes are not used as an initial diagnosis, they can only complement the main one if you want to clarify the etiological factor.
3. Orz (acute respiratory disease). This diagnosis is now used less frequently than before. In theory, it means the same thing that the diagnosis of ORI, but the original reflects the typical infectious etiology Defeat. Theoretically, within the diagnosis of the ARZ may be acute diseasecaused by non-infectious agent (for example, allergic). But this does not have practical application, since each non-infectious disease of the respiratory tract has its own heading. In the J00 - J06 section, they can be interpreted "excluded" with reference. The reference goes to the appropriate codes of diseases of the ICD 10, ORVI and ORI with these diseases are not specified in the diagnosis. For example, allergic rhinitis. It is mentioned in the J00 heading as excluded with reference to the J30 code from the J30 - J block
4. Flu - MKB contains a special section dedicated to this disease. This is a separate block of the same X class - J10 - J18 (influenza and pneumonia). If there are explicit clinical signs of a flu infection or its laboratory confirmation, it is no longer used for the diagnosis of ARVI, the code for the ICD in children and adults is then selected J10 or J11 (flu). Section J10 includes cases when the disease is caused by a diagnosed influenza virus, and J11 is not identified. If the diagnosis is worded verbally, various clinical manifestations and severity of flu flow may be indicated, the ICD and the same options are grouping in several sections (with respiratory manifestations, with other manifestations, influenza pneumonia). The exception is flu for influenza meningitis, made in a separate category - G0.

It should be noted that if the defeat of the respiratory tract is caused by some particular pathogen or causes a disease with a specific picture, this disease is indicated in the relevant section (for example, Scarlatina - A38 or herpetic pharyngitis - B00.2).

Topical diagnosis

In order to correctly formulate a diagnosis in accordance with the ICD 10, ARVI in children and adults is necessary, indicating the localization of the lesion.

Noodopharygitis is one of the clinical forms of ORVI on the ICD

In accordance with what anatomical field, the pathological process is most pronounced, the ICD of ORVI divisions to the appropriate clinical forms:

1. NazoFaringitis (J00). In this case, the disease is determined by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and the language. Depending on the stage, the swelling of the nasal mucosa is observed, accompanied by a sense of mortgage, or the release of a watery, mucous membrane or purulent. As well as a sore throat and unseen cough.
2. Sinusitis (J01). This is inflammation of the mucous membrane putty sickness (or several) nasal. With such a localization, one- or bilateral nasal congestion, mucous membrane or mucous-purulent separated from nasal moves, one-sided headache, as well as other, less specific symptoms is observed.
3. Pharyngitis (J02) - Isolated inflammation of the oce mucosa, without damage to the nose.
4. Tonsillitis (J03). Tonsillitis. This clinical form Also called angina. But the term angina is more often used in typical cases of the development of bacterial purulent infection, although viruses and fungi can act with a etiological factor.
5. Larygit and tracheitis (J04). These formi form are characterized by the damage to the mucous membrane of the larynx (with voice ligaments) and trachea. With laryngitis, there is probing voice, cough, often leaving timbre. Tracheitis is accompanied by a sense of sander in the field of sternum, as well as cough, in the beginning of the disease is unproductive, later - with a mocroid.
6. Obstructive laryngitis and epiglotte (J05). This is inflammation of the larynx and the nastestrian, accompanied by narrowing the respiratory tract. They manifest themselves with shortness of breath, spasmodic cough, when obstructive laryngitis can be witnessing voice.
7. Upper respiratory tract infections multiple and unspecified localization (J06). If there are signs of the defeat of several departments of the upper respiratory tract, the disease is classified by this code.

It is necessary to clarify that all clinical syndromes, in the form of which proceeds Orvi and ORVI, whose ICR code is in the J00 - J06 block, are sharp. Chronic respiratory tract lesions are classified by other headings. The etiology of these diseases may not be installed or known (then an additional code is used from the B95-B97 block).

Acute bronchitis can also be a manifestation of Ori, but refers to the damage to the lower respiratory tract and in the ICD 10 is coded by the J20 cipher from the J20 - J22 block (other acute respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract), if it is a manifestation of acute respiratory infection. Or cipher J40 from the J40 - J47 block (chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract), if it can be regarded as an independent disease and it is difficult to install - acute or chronic. If symptoms of bronchial lesions prevail in the clinical picture, the diagnosis of bronchitis should be put up as the main, as it necessitates the severity of the disease.

ORVI with intestinal manifestations

Differentiate intestinal syndrome with ORVI and the manifestation of intestinal infection is quite difficult, since both diseases proceed with diarrhea and increasing temperature. The difference is that the intestinal manifestations of ORVI are accompanied by catarrhal syndrome (rhinestone, coughing, in the throat, as well as other symptoms).

In ICD 10 ORVI with intestinal syndrome is encoded in class I. It refers to a block of intestinal infections. Code A08 - Viral and Other Refined intestinal infections. With the attituer installed, it is possible to clarify the code by an additional digit after the point. For example, A08.2 - adenovirus enteritis.

In ICD 10 ORVI with intestinal syndrome is encoded in class I

However, the defeat is excluded from this heading. gastrointestinal tract With influenza. If there is a clinically or laboratory confirmed flu with gastroenteritis phenomena on its background, the cipher is selected from X class, block J10 - J18 (influenza and pneumonia). If the virus is identified, the J10.8 code is used (flu with other manifestations, the virus is identified) if the diagnosis is set to clinically without laboratory confirmation, then the code J11.8 (flu with other manifestations, the virus is not identified).

Diagnosis wording in accordance with the classification

By establishing a detailed diagnosis in verbal form, the doctor indicates the main disease with decoding the course of the flow, the degree of acute, severity, as well as other criteria traditionally used by clinical classifications. In addition, complications are indicated by the main disease and other related diseases that have a patient at the moment, and which can be in a state of exacerbation or remission.

With the formulation of the diagnosis, it is very important to correctly establish causal relationships, namely, what pathological process was primary, and what secondary. If there are two and more competing diseases, it is necessary to determine which of them causes the severity of the disease at the moment.

It is important to determine the primary and secondary pathological process.

This is very important for the proper registration of statistical reporting. The diagnosis may have a double cipher, and in the presence of complications and triple (if you formulate it in accordance with the ICD 10). But statistically, these diagnoses are taken into account separately: the main, complications of the main and accompanying. Proper use of ciphers is necessary to transmit reliable information in the organization engaged in accounting, as decisions are subsequently made on the basis of these data.

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) - a group of acute infectious diseases caused by viruses and characterized by the defeat of various respiratory tract departments. ARVI is the most common acute infectious pathology. In most cases, ARVI have a similar clinical picture that makes up of symptoms of general intoxication and respiratory syndrome. Principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of distribution infection common for all ARVI (with the exception of flu, which has distinctive features epidemiology and prevention).

Anamnesis. Intelligence for contact with ORVI patients. An indication of the so-called "cold factor" or episode of hypothermia to the development of basic symptoms of the disease. To date, there is no satisfactory pathogenetic substantiation of this phenomenon, although the relationship between the fact of supercooling and the development of ARVI is no doubt. Perhaps the effects of cold contributes to microbiocenosis disorders (activation of conditionally pathogenic bacterial microflora of the upper respiratory tract, reactivation of latent and chronic viral infection etc.).

Acute Respiratory Virus Infections: Symptoms, Symptoms

Clinical picture

Syndrome of general intoxication: astheno - vegetative disorders (headache, weakness, anorexia, less often vomiting) and an increase in temperature. The duration of the syndrome of general intoxication during ARVI most often does not exceed 5 days. The preserving more than 5-7 days of fever is often associated with the addition of secondary bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis).

Catarial syndrome: Hyperemia of zea tissues, rhinitis, hyperemia Eye conjunctive and eyelids, including with conjunctivitis phenomena (pharyingsonunctival fever with adenovirus infection), catarrhal tonsillitis (overlap sorens, which is typically only for adenovirus infection).

Respiratory syndrome. Laryngitis. Rough "barking" cough. Hoarseness, witness voices (dysphony). It is possible to develop the obstruction of the upper respiratory tract (croup or stenosis laryngotrachitis): shortness of breath, mainly inspiratory; The severity of the patient's condition in such cases is determined by the severity of respiratory failure. Tracheitis. A frequent "adsady" cough, often accompanied by pains for the sternum. Tracheitis (laryngotracheitis) is characteristic of the two most common orvi - flu and paragrippa. Typical tracheitis, accompanied by general intoxication syndrome, allows high degree Reliability diagnose flu. Moderate intoxication in combination with laryngotracy in the non-epidemic influenza period is usually associated with paragripping infection. Bronchitis. Dry cough or wet. Auscultative: Hard breath, dry or wet scattered wheezes. It is possible to develop the obstruction of the lower respiratory tract (obstructive bronchitis, bronchiolitis): expiratory shortness of breath, tachipne, noisy, whistling breathing, auscultative - dry whistling and wet solubular wheezes, with percussion - a box shade of sound. The severity of the patient's condition is determined by the severity of respiratory failure.

Lymphoproliferative syndrome is characterized by a moderate increase lymph nodes (cervical, paratraheal, bronchial, rarely - other groups), liver and spleen. Characterized for adenoviral infection.

Hemorrhagic (thrombohemorrhagic) syndrome is mainly due to the damage to the vascular wall and is manifested by increased bleeding (bleeding from mucous membranes), hemorrhagic (phetechial) rash on the skin. Developed only with flu.

Infections Acute Respiratory Virals: Diagnostics

Laboratory research

Virological research. Immunofluorescence method - detection of viral ag in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa using specific at. Detection of serum AT to AG pathogen: serological studies using special diagnosticums in various reactions (RPGA, Ring, ELFA, etc.). Diagnostic value is the fact of increasing the Tutors of AT 4 times.

Complications

Bacterial pneumonia. Purulent otitis, sinusitis. Activation of chronic foci of bacterial infections.

Acute Respiratory Virus Infections: Treatment Methods

Treatment

Etiotropic therapy is designed for influenza (Rimantadine, Omeltamivir, anti-hygospose immunoglobulin) and RSV - infection (Ribarin). Antibacterial therapy It is shown in the development of bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, lymphadenitis). The antibiotic is chosen taking into account the sensitivity of the selected microflora. Symptomatic therapy. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are used to relieve hyperthermic syndrome. With the difficulty of nasal breathing (ritin), vesseloring drugs are prescribed (xylometazoline, napazoline). In the bronchial obstruction syndrome, bronchology preparations (aminoophyllin and b - adrenomimetics) are shown.

Prevention

The term of insulation of the patient with flu and other ARVI - 7 days. In case of diseases in children's teams, the contacts are established for 7 days. Contact children of older age for the prevention of influenza is possible the purpose of Rimantadina in 25 mg 2 p / day for 2 to 3 days. In the premises, daily wet cleaning and ventilation 2-3 p / day are needed. During the flu epidemic or when an ORVI outbreak in a children's institution with preventive goal Install the IFN nose of 5 drops of 3 p / day. Active influenza immunization is carried out inactivated or alive vaccines that are manufactured annually from virus strains recommended by WHO. All vaccines provide short-term type-specific immunity, which requires annual vaccination.

MKB-10 . J00 Acute Naphorgitis [Rubber]. J02. Acute pharyngitis. J03 Acute tonsillit [Angina]. J06 sharp infection Upper respiratory tract of multiple and unspecified localization. J10 Influenza, caused by identified influenza virus. J11 Flu, the virus is not identified. J12 Viral pneumonia, not classified in other categories. J20 Acute bronchitis. J21 acute bronchiolitis. J22 Acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract uncomfortable.