Interferon - this is a number of protein compounds that are combined on the basis of similar properties and which are produced by cells in response to the invasion foreign languages For its own protection against them (foreign bodies). This word happened from Lat. Inter - mutually, among themselves and Ferio - I hit, I am striking.
Based on these compounds, an alpha interferon immunomodulator was created.

Alpha Interferon: Properties

This drug has many properties of the main of which are its antitumor and antiviral.
Among other things, this drug:
- has antipoliferative properties;
- has the ability to inhibit replication and transcription of chlamydia and viruses;
- prevents cell polyferactions;
- reduces the speed of tumor growth;
- contributes to the normalization of the neoplastic transformation of cells;
- actively participates in the normalization of human immune status.

Alpha Interferon: Indications and Contraindications

This drug is used:
1. Parenteral with:
- Hepatitis B and C:
- Voloskillette leukemia;
- Pointed Condyloma;
- multiple myeloma;
- Mushroom-shaped mycosis;
- Non-Hodgkinsky lymphomas;
- sarcoma capos in patients with AIDS;
- renal carcinoma;
- Malignant melanoma.
2. Rectally at:
- treatment of chronic and sharp viral hepatitis.
3. Intranasanal at:
- treatment and prevention of ARVI;
- treatment and prevention of influenza.

Preparation is contraindicated in cases:

Severe heart disease;
- epilepsy and disorders of the central nervous system;
- various impaired kidney and liver functions;
- chronic hepatitis and cereroch of the liver;
- autoimmune hepatitis;
- autoimmune thyroiditis and diseases thyroid gland;
- treatment with immunosuppressants.

Side effects of alpha interferon

At least side effects Observed with parenteral consumption of the drug. This is: headaches, fever, weakness, Malgy.
Side effects from the cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, arterial hypertension.
From Central nervous system: Violation of consciousness, drowsiness, ataxia.
From the digestive organs: nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, a dary, possibly violating the functionality of the liver.
Various dermatological reactions are possible: skin suspension, skin rash, erythema.
All this, as a rule, manifests itself against the background of the overall weakness.

Alpha Interferon: Instructions for use

This drug is used as a solution for inhalation or instillation into the nose. Before use, the ampoule shake and open. Then add water to risks to the ampoule (2 ml.). Then all this gently shake up to the final dissolution of the dry powder.
For treatment, the drug begin to apply at the very first symptoms of the disease. Interferon I bury 5 drops in each nasal passage at least 5 times a day every 1-2 hours. The course of treatment should be 2-3 days.
IN preventive purposes The solution is recommended to be bought as much as 5 drops in each nostril twice with a rupture of 6 hours.
The drug is also recommended to be used to instill an eye during their viral lesions.

You can use interferon for children in the same proportions.
But there are other recommendations. Special effective method Interferon applications for children are inhalation. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve 3 ampoules of the drug in 10 milliliters of warm water. It is necessary to conduct an inhalation procedure no more than two times a day. We recommend using an electrically heating inhaler. Inhalation with a drug can be held a child, both through the mouth and through the nose.

It is not recommended to apply interferon to pregnant women and during breast feeding (lactation). It should also be very careful to apply the drug to the patients with myocardial infarction and at myelodepresses, during thrombocytopenia. It is necessary to use interferon with great care with sedative preparations, sleeping pills and opioid analgesics.

Interferon: price and sale

Buy this drug today is not much difficult. It is sold in almost every pharmacy or specialized department of any supermarket. Interferon, price Which is not very high and almost everywhere the same, enjoys rather tremendous popularity. But nevertheless, we want to warn you so as not to acquire this drug from the hands and when you buy it, we needed to certify the compliance of the goods. By this you will protect yourself from the fakes, which are now flooded by pharmaceutical companies.

Photo of drug

Latin name: Interferon.

ATX code: L03AB

Active substance: human α, β or γ interferon (IFN)

Manufacturer: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland; SCHERING-PLOUGH, USA; INTERMUNE, USA

Description Actual on: 23.10.17

Interferon is an immunode-producing drug with antiviral action.

Active substance

Interferon Alfa (Interferon Alfa).

Release form and composition

Produced in the form of several dosage form: lyophilized powder for the preparation of eye and nasal droplets, injectable solution, injection solution, eye drops, Eye films, nasal drops and spray, ointment, dermatological gel, liposome, aerosol, oral solution, rectal suppositories, vaginal suppositories, implants, microclides, pills.

The most frequent form of release is the lyophilisate for the preparation of the solution. It is a porous amorphous mass or white powder or from light yellow to pink color, hygroscopic. Packed in ampoules containing 1 dose of the active substance.

The dissolved drug is transparent or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or from light yellow to pink.

Indications for use

Prevention and treatment of various ARVI, influenza, chronic hepatitis C, acute and chronic hepatitis B, tick-borne encephalitis. The drug is shown to use with diseases such as pointed condylomas; multiple myeloma; skin T-cell lymphoma, non-kinderian lymphoma; Sarcoma Caposhi (in Patients with AIDS); leukemia is hatching cell; Mielolomicosis chronic; melanoma; Kidney carcinoma I. bladder; larynx respiratory papillomatomatosis; thrombocytosis primary and secondary; Granulocyte chronic leukemia in transition; reticulosarcoma and myelofibrosis.

Assigns rectally for comprehensive treatment secondary immunodeficiency states, hemorogic fever with renal syndrome. Interferon for children from 2 to 12 years is also assigned in shape rectal candles, in the treatment of acute hepatitis V. viral diseases Eye - conjunctivitis, keratitis and keratuette, the drug is prescribed in the form of instillation in a conjunctival bag.

Contraindications

Should not be prescribed to people with hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases. It is impossible to use the drug with myocardial infarction, HSN, sugar diabetesaccompanied by ketoacidosis, under cirrhosis of the liver, severe mental disorders, epilepsy and disorders of the CNS function.

It is prohibited to the appointment of patients with diseases of the thyroid gland, pronounced disorders in the work of the liver and kidneys.

It is extremely gently prescribed for children up to 2 years old, pregnant and lactating women and patients who took immunosuppressants.

Instructions for use Interferon (method and dosage)

The dose, frequency and duration of use are determined depending on the indications, the severity of the disease, the method of administration, the patient's individual reaction.

Side effects

In parenteral use, side effects are observed much more often than with other ways of administration. The appearance of the following is possible side Effects:

• Influense symptoms: fever, headache, Malgy, weakness.
• From side digestive system: Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. In rare cases, the liver function disorders.
• From the side of the cardiovascular system: arterial hypotension, arrhythmia.
• From the CNS side: drowsiness, violation of consciousness, ataxia.
• Dermatological reactions: rarely - slight alopecia, dry skin, erythema, skin rash.
• Others: total weakness, granulocyptopenia.

Overdose

Overdose cases are not registered with the drug.

Analogs

Analogs in the ATX code: Interferon Human leukocytarial, interferon leukocytic human liquid, interferon Gamma human recombinant.

Preparations with a similar mechanism of action (coincidence of the ATX of the 4th level): Derinat.

Do not make a decision on replacing the drug yourself, consult your doctor.

pharmachologic effect

Interferon (human) is a mixture of different interferon subtypes of natural blood leukocytes.

The interferon antiviral effect is mainly based on increasing the resistance not infected cells by the virus to a possible effect. On the surface of the cell interferon contacts specific receptors and changes the properties of cell membranes, stimulates the enzymes, actively affects the RNA of the virus, effectively prevents its replication.

The immunomodulating property of the substance is based on stimulating the activity of macrophages and NK cells involved in the immune response of the body into specific tumor cells.

Suppresses chlamydia and viruses, normalizes the immune status of the body, suppresses the growth of tumor cells.

special instructions

• Caution is used in patients with instructions as a history of myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood coagulation and myelodepresses.
• When thrombocytopenia with the number of platelets, less than 50,000 / μl should be applied to P / C.
• Patients should conduct hydration therapy, especially in the initial period of treatment.
• In patients with hepatitis C receiving therapy by interferon alpha for systemic use, disorders of the thyroid gland, expressed in hypo-or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, before the start of the course of treatment, it is necessary to determine the level of TSH in the serum and begin treatment only under the condition normal content TTG in the blood.
• With caution, use interferon alpha simultaneously with sleeping pills, sedatives, opioid analgesics.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the estimated benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus.

If necessary, the use of interferon in a nursing mother during lactation should be resolved by the issue of cessation of breastfeeding.

Patients of reproductive age during therapy should apply reliable methods of contraception.

In childhood

Allowed to use in childhood.

In old age

With the development of side effects from the CNS in the elderly patients receiving interferon alpha in high doses, a thorough examination should be carried out and, if necessary, interrupt treatment.

With violations of the kidney function

The drug is contraindicated in pronounced renal impairment.

When violations of the liver function

Contraindicated in pronounced liver function disorders, chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with symptoms of hepatic insufficiency; chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently received by immunosuppressants (except for the treatment of GKS); Auhimmune hepatitis.

Medicinal interaction

Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, it is possible to violate the biotransformation of drugs metabolizing by this path.

With simultaneous use with ACE inhibitors, synergism for hematotoxic action is possible; with zidovudine - synergism with respect to myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of hepatic enzymes; With theophylline - a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.

Interferon is a protein molecule that is produced in the human body and has pronounced antiviral action. It is due to the interferon cell cells become practically immune to the effects of various viral infections. Mix three types of interferon - interferon alpha, interferon beta and interferon gamma, which are produced by various cells human organism. The most important in the treatment of various viral diseases are alpha and beta interferons.

Types of medicine, commercial names of analogs, output

Interferon is most often produced in the form of lyophilisate ( the form of the discharge of the medication at which the active substance is first dried, and then frozen). It can also be found as a solution for subcutaneous injections (ukolov), the solution for inhalation and local application, ointments, as well as lyophilisate for the preparation of a nasal rinse solution ( nasal solution).

Different types of interferon can be found on sale and under other names - Interfer, Interal, Viferon, Alterev, Inferon, Rebiff, Ecstasy, etc.

Firms manufacturers of interferon

Manufacturing firm	Commercial name of the drug	Country	Form release	Dosage
Immunopreparat	Interferon	Russia		The dosage should be selected by the attending physician individually in each case.
Microgen	Interferon	Russia	Lyophilisate for the preparation of intramuscular injections.
Biocard	Interferon beta-1 b.	Russia	Solution for the preparation of subcutaneous injections.
Microgen	Interferon leukocyte human	Russia	Lyophilisate for the preparation of inhalation and washing the nasal cavity.
Biomed.	Interferon leukocytic human liquid	Russia	Solution for inhalation and local application.
SPBNIIVS FMBA	Interferon leukocyte human dry	Russia	Lyophilisate for the preparation of the solution for washing the nasal cavity.

Mechanism of therapeutic action of medication

Interferons are small peptide ( protein) molecules that regulate intercellular interactions ( are cytokines). Interferons exhibit their properties quite actively even in a very low concentration. It has been proven that only one interferon molecule is capable of making a cellular cellularly tolerant with respect to the virus. It should also be noted that some of the properties of the interferon have not yet been fully studied.

Interferon is capable of providing the following types of action on the body:

• antiviral action;
• antitumor action.

Antiviral actioninterferon consists in its ability to inhibit the process of breeding the virus in the cells of the human body ( virus replication). Interferons are cellular immunity regulators, which are produced during the penetration of the virus into the body. Next, binding to specific receptors ( signal molecules on cell surface), Interferon launches a number of processes. By influencing the special enzyme oligoacelylate cyclase, interferon prevents the possibility of penetrating the virus into nearby cells, and also suppresses the production and release of viral particles. In essence, cytokine data not only block the reproduction of the virus, but also suppress the production of own cell proteins. In addition, the interferon is able to affect the genetic material of human cells ( DNA), which ultimately also increases the barrier feature of cells for viral infection. Also interferons stimulate the release of the immunoprokosoma protein and the histocompatibility complex, which leads to the activation of the cells of the immune system ( T-helpers, macrophages, T-killers). In some cases, apoptosis occurs in strongly damaged cells under the action of interferon ( programmed death of the affected cell).

Antitumor actionexercised due to the action of the P53 protein. This protein becomes active due to DNA damage and can be produced by any cell cells. In the future, the P53 protein stops the cell cycle of the damaged cell, and with significant and irreversible defects of the genetic material causes it apoptosis. It is worth noting that with malignant neoplasms ( cancer tumors) At about half of the cases, there is a violation of the R53 protein function.

Regardless of the release form ( intramuscular injections or subcutaneous) The body absolutely fully absorbs this drug ( bioavailability 100%). Already after 4 - 12 hours after use in the blood, the maximum concentration of interferon is observed.

What pathologies are assigned?

In most cases, interferon is used in the therapy of various viral infections. Also, due to its antitumor action, it can be prescribed in some oncological diseases. It is worth noting that the one-time and weekly dosage can be reduced with poor tolerability of interferon.

Interferon application

Name pathology	Mechanism of action	Dosage
Viral diseases
Chronic hepatitis B.	Affects the special enzyme oligoenlatecyclase. In the future, the process of synthesizing the particles of the virus, as well as their release, is almost completely inhibited in the cage. It stimulates the production of proteins of a complex of histocompatibility and immunoproinders, which largely increases the activity of immune cells of the body, which are struggling with viral infection.	Intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The weekly dosage is 30 - 35 million IU ( international units). The drug is used every day 5 million or every other day of 10 million units ( three times per week). The course of treatment lasts 16 - 24 weeks.
Chronic hepatitis C.		Intramuscularly Adults 3 million units three times a week. With subcutaneous administration, interferon can be used both independently and with ribavirin.
Chronic hepatitis D. (Delta)		Subcutaneously 5 million units three times a week. The course of treatment is 12 - 16 months.
Papillomatosis (disease caused by human papilloma virus)		After removal of the tumor, the drug is prescribed subcutaneously 3 million units three times a week. The duration of treatment is 5 - 6 months. Sometimes the doctor can extend the treatment.
Sarcoma Caposhi on the background of AIDS (numerous malignant skin tumors)		It is selected individually.
Herpes Eye		Pour 2 - 3 drops into each eye. Do not bother more than 6 - 7 times a day. When a decrease in the severity of symptoms should reduce the number of drops to one. The duration of treatment should not exceed 8 - 10 days.
Treatment or prevention of sharp respiratory viral infections (ARVI)		Intranasally injected 2 - 3 drops of the drug 4 - 5 times a day ( 2 - 3 injection spray). The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician ( depends on the type and severity of the viral disease). As preventive tool Used in the form of ointments. Each nasal move is lubricated by ointment twice a day throughout the first and third week. In the second week it is necessary to take a break. Apply an ointment over the entire period of the epidemic ( winter season).
Cancer tumors
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (a group of malignant neoplasms that amazes the lymphatic system of man)	Activates the special protein of P53, which slows down the further development and division of the cell and warns its transformation into a cancer cell. With substantial damage to DNA cells of the P53 protein, it starts its programmed death ( apoptosis).	Complex with chemotherapy. Subcutaneously 5 million units of the drug every other day ( 3 times a week).
Renal Cell Carcinoma (cancer kidney)		The weekly dose is 10 - 30 million units of the drug. Take 3 - 10 million IU three times a week.
Myeloma disease ( one of the types of blood cancer)		As supportive therapy. Subcutaneously 4 - 5 million units three times a week. The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.
High-milking leukemia (malignant disease lymphocyte)		The weekly dose is 6 million units. Apply subcutaneously or intramuscularly 2 million IU three times a week. The duration of treatment is selected in each case individually.
Carcinoid tumors (neuroendocrine tumors that most often arise in gastrointestinal )		Subcutaneously 3-9 million units three times a week. The treatment scheme should be changed at severe course Diseases - 5 million interferon units every day.
Carcinoid tumors with metastasis		Subcutaneously 3-4 million units daily. Then the one-time dosage increases to 5, 7 and 10 million units ( at intervals of 14 days).
Malignant melanoma (tumor that occurs from pigment cells)		Intravenously for 20 million units per day 4 - 5 times a week. The course of treatment lasts one month. In the future, go to supportive therapy - 10 million IU three times a week ( subcutaneous). The duration of supporting therapy is 12 months.
Matter dysplasia (presence in the neck of the uterus of nonypical cells)		It is selected individually.
Defeat of the nervous tissue of the head and spinal cord
Remittent multiple sclerosis (characterized by periodic weakening and strengthening of symptoms)	Slows the processes of replacement of nerve cells on connect fabric. Slows down the rate of destruction of myelin shell of nerve cells ( special membrane of nerve cell processes).	Podcinally 8 million units interferon-1b. The initial dose is 2 million IU, which is gradually increased to 8 million units. Take the drug you need three times a week ( in one day). The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.
Secondary progressive sclerosis

How to apply medication?

Most often, the interferon is used in the form of intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. For the prevention and treatment of ARVI, it is resorted to intranasal use of interferon.

Interferon is used in the treatment of the following pathologies:

• viral hepatitis;
• tumor diseases;
• diseases of the central nervous system.

Viral hepatitis

Interferon is applied to the treatment of chronic hepatitis. It is often prescribed for therapeutic purposes when hepatitis B, C and D ( delta). The drug can be used in the form of subcutaneous or intravenous injections.

For the treatment of hepatitis, the weekly dosage in the amount of 30 - 35 million international units of interferon is envisaged. It should be noted that there are two schemes for the treatment of chronic hepatitis V. The first scheme implies everyday administration of the drug for 5 million units, and with the second scheme, the interferon is introduced at 10 million IU three times a week ( in one day). The duration of therapy is 4 - 6 months.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C can be carried out along with another antiviral drug - ribavirine or use interferon as monotherapy ( treatment with one medicine). The weekly dosage is 9 - 10 million meters. Interferon is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly 3 million three times a week. The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.

It is worth noting that hepatitis D can only appear together with hepatitis V. Treatment of hepatitis D provides for the use of 15 million units of the drug per week. ONO ONE subcutaneously introduces 5 million units ( three times per week). Treatment lasts from 3 to 4 months.

Tumor disease

Quite often, interferon can be prescribed for palliative treatment ( supporting therapy) Different cancer.

Interferon is used in the treatment of the following tumor diseases:

• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.The treatment of non-Hodgkinsky lymphoma must be carried out in a complex with chemotherapy. As a rule, interferon is administered subcutaneously to 5 million meters. Apply the drug you need 3 times a week ( in one day).
• High-flushing leukemia.Interferon applies one-time 3 million units every other day ( three times per week). The medication can be introduced both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. The course of treatment picks up the attending physician.
• Malignant melanoma.The weekly dosage of interferon is 80 - 100 million units. Apply the drug must be 4 - 5 times a week. The duration of treatment is 30 days, after which they are moving to supportive therapy - 10 million units 3 times a week. The course of treatment when using supporting therapy, on average, is 11 - 12 months.
• Carcinoid tumors.Interferon is administered subcutaneously to 3-6 million units 3 times a week. In the absence of effect, they go to another treatment scheme - 5 million interferon units daily ( 35 million IU per week).
• Carcinoid tumors with metastasis. The treatment is carried out daily in the form of subcutaneous injections of 3-4 million units of interferon. Gradually every two weeks one-time dose Increase to 5, 7, 10 million units. The course of treatment is selected by a doctor.
• Myeloma disease.Subcutaneously 5 million units of Interferon three times a week. The duration of treatment can be selected only by the attending physician.
• Renal cell carcinoma.Interferon take three times a week of 3 - 10 million units. The course of treatment is individual.

Diseases of the central nervous system

Interferon can also be used to treat certain types of sclerosis. It is most often prescribed with a remote sclerosis or with secondary-progressive sclerosis. Interferon is prescribed 2 million units three times a week. Gradually, a one-time dosage increases up to 8 million meters. Depending on the symptoms and severity of the disease, the duration of treatment can vary greatly.

For treatment, as well as the prevention of various acute respiratory virus diseases, interferon is used in the form of a spray or drops for the nose. For the treatment of ARVI in each nasal stroke, you need to bury several drops of interferon ( 2 - 3 drops) From 3 to 5 times a day. For the prevention of ARVI Interferon is recommended to take the entire winter period of time. For this, each nasal stroke is lubricated by the ointment, which contains interferon from 2 to 3 times a day. After the first week of treatment, it is necessary to make a seven-day break, after which they again resume the reception of interferon.

Possible side effects

The use of interferon quite often leads to different side reactions. Most often, these reactions occur during the first few weeks of treatment and in the future their intensity and frequency gradually decreases. It is worth noting that the most frequent by the side reaction is a flu-like condition with a strong headache, fever ( 37 - 38.5ºС), common malaise and pain in the joints and muscles.

Interferon can lead to the following side reactions:

• disorders from the digestive tract;
• disorders from the nervous system;
• allergic manifestations;
• violation of the cardiovascular system;
• violations from the hematopoietic system;
• violations from the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Violations of the digestive tract

Interferon is able to irritate the mucous membrane of the organs of the gastrointestinal system, which is most often manifested by nausea.

From the digestive system, the following may be observed sideflines:
It is also often observed and toxic action Interferon on hepatic fabric. This is manifested by an increase in some indicators of biochemical blood tests. As a rule, there is an increase in the level of hepatic transaminases ( enzymes participating in the transformation of some amino acids).

Nervous System Violations

Interferon often increases their excitability of the cells of the central nervous system ( head I. spinal cord ). Interferon can also have a negative impact on the visual and auditory analyzer.

From the side of the nervous system, the following side effects may be observed:

• anxiety;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• violation of consciousness;
• suicidal thoughts ( seldom);
• hallucinations ( rarely).

Irritation of nervous cells that are part of a predver-harsh nerve can lead to the appearance of pain in the ears or manifest itself in the form of noise in the ears ( tinnitus). In the future, the severity of these symptoms is gradually decreasing.

Interferon may also affect vision. Irritation spectator nerve leads to a deterioration of vision. Sometimes the reception of interferon may be accompanied by inflammation of the eye mucous membrane ( conjunctivitis). Conjunctivitis is characterized by such symptoms as swelling of the eyelids and mucous membranes of the eye, itching eyes, tear, photophobia ( photophobia), as well as redness of the eye proteins.

Allergic manifestations

Allergic manifestations arise due to the increased individual sensitivity of the human body to a specific drug. In case of hit for the first time in the human body, the interferon is perceived as an allergen. With the following administrations of the drug in the body, various pathological mechanisms are launched, during which a large amount of histamine is distinguished ( hypersensitivity reaction). Histamine directly participates in the development of tissue edema and in the appearance of skin rash.

Reception of interferon can lead to the following allergic manifestations:

• erythema;
• stevens - Johnson syndrome;
• toxic epidermal necroliz ( layella syndrome).

Hives It is the most frequent form of medicinal allergies. Under the urban, a rash appears in the form of flatly raised strongly sprinkling blisters. These blisters are very similar to blisters that appear with nettle burns. The urticaria can appear almost on any skin sections. Sometimes the urticaria is accompanied by such symptoms as painfulness In the abdomen, nausea and vomiting.

Erythemait is a pronounced redness of the skin. Erythema arises due to increasing the permeability of small skin vessels, as a result of which the blood in large quantities sticks to the surface of the skin.

Sweet Qinckeit is also a fairly common form of medicinal allergies, in which the fatty tissue of the skin is affected ( subcutaneous fat fiber). Most often, swelling may occur on the face ( lips, eyelids, cheeks, as well oral cavity ). Sometimes the limbs and genitals can be felt. As a rule, after 3 - 4 hours after the occurrence of swelling disappears without a trace. A rare complication of swelling of the quinque is the blockage of the upper respiratory tract. This is due to the fact that the swelling spreads from the oral cavity to the mucous membrane of the larynx, as a result of which the suffocation occurs. This state is extremely dangerous and can lead to a coma.

Stevens Syndrome - Johnsonis the extremely severe form of erythema. For this syndrome, the appearance of large bubbles on the mucous membranes is characterized ( eyes, throat, mouth cavity) And on the skin. At the first stage of the disease, as a rule, severe pain occur in large joints. Temperature of the body, in turn, increases up to 39ºС. In couple of hours general state Creates sharply, but on the mucous membrane, cheeks, as well as on the lips, larynx and on the skin there are bubbles. After autopsy in their place, very painful and bleeding sections with erosions are formed.

Toxic epidermal necrolizit is a very dangerous state of life. Already in 2 - 4 hours after the administration of the drug in the body, the general condition of the body deteriorates sharply. Body temperature rises to 39 - 40ºС. A rash appears on the skin in the form of small dots, which resembles a rash with scarletin. In the future, instead of these rashes, quite large bubbles with transparent content are formed, which are quickly revealed. On the site of bubbles, erosive areas of the skin are opening, which can merge and form large erosion. It is worth noting that in the toxic epidermal necrolism, such internal organs as kidneys, liver, heart and intestines can be affected. If you do not in a timely manner medical care, People with this pathology are very often dying.

Cardiovascular disorders

In rare cases, interferon can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. Sometimes such symptoms may be observed as an increase in blood pressure ( hypertension), pain in chest (especially for the sternum), as well as an increase in the number of heartfrections ( tachycardia). This symptoms occur due to increased influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart.

Violations of the hematopoietic system

Sometimes interferon is capable of negatively effect on blood cells, and sometimes on the blood formation organs.

Interferon reception can lead to the following violations from the hematopoietic system:

• leukopenia.

Anemia, or anemia, is a pathological condition for which a decrease in the number of erythrocytes ( red blood tales) and hemoglobin ( protein that participates in the process of transporting gases). For anemia, taste and smell perversion ( changing taste habits, addiction to unpleasant smell ), damage to the mucous membrane of the upper digestive system ( rota cavity, throat, esophagus), the appearance of headaches and dizziness. Also anemia can lead to fainting. Often on the background of anemia there is a damage to the skin, nails, as well as hair.

Thrombocytopeniamanifests itself with a decrease in the total number of blood plates ( thrombocytes). Platelets are needed for the normal blood coagulation process ( coagulation). Most often, thrombocytopenia is manifested by bleeding gums. In some cases, thrombocytopenia can lead to serious bleeding in various internal organs (particularly dangerous bleeding in the brain).

Lakeingrepresents a decrease in the number of white blood cells ( leukocyte). These cells are able to protect the human body from various pathogenic microorganisms. With leukopenia, a person becomes extremely vulnerable to bacterial infections. This pathological condition often leads to an increase in the spleen and GRAND ( hypertrophy).

Violations from the upper and lower respiratory tract

In some cases, the administration of interferon can lead to such symptoms as cough and shortness of breath. The cough appears reflexively due to irritation of the nerve endings of the wandering and language nerve located in the mucous membrane of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi. Dyspnea often may occur on anemia, during fever, as well as with different pathologies of the respiratory tract and the cardiovascular system.

Also interferon can lead to the following respiratory diseases (rarely):
Sinusitisit is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the incomplete sinuses. The sinusitis may occur against the background of a cold or ORVI ( flu). For this pathology, such symptoms are characterized as the severity in the incomplete sinus, fever, discharge from the nose ( dense), painful feelings In the sinus with sharp turns of the head. Most often in inflammatory process Gaimorov are involved ( toppers) And the frontal sinuses.

Pneumoniait is inflammation of the tissues of the lungs, at which the Alveola is most often affected ( structural and functional elements of the lung in which the gas exchange process occurs). Depending on the volume of lesion, the lung tissue is distinguished by focal ( inflammation of several alveoli), segmental ( inflammatory process within one lung segment), share ( defeat of one lung lobe) and a brup pneumonia ( involvement in the process of both lungs). For pneumonia, such symptoms are characteristic as fever, shortness of breath ( appears when accumulated by inflammatory liquid in Alveola), Pain in chest, respiratory failure. With a bruboral pneumonia, a pronounced intoxication is also observed, which is manifested by headache, dizziness, general malaise and confusion. Most often, uncomplicated pneumonia lasts about a month.

Approximate cost of medication

The cost of the drug varies greatly depending on the type of interferon. The table is given below, where the average cost of this medication in different cities of Russia is indicated.

City	The average cost of interferon
	Lyophilisate for the preparation of the solution for intranasal administration ( interferon Alpha )	Solution for local applications and inhalations ( interferon Alpha)	Solution for subcutaneous or intramuscular injections ( interferon alpha-2b)	Lyophilisate for cooking aquatic solution for intramuscular administration ( interferon beta-1a)
Moscow	71 ruble	122 ruble	1124 rubles	9905 rubles
Kazan	70 rubles	120 rubles	1119 rubles	9887 rubles
Krasnoyarsk	69 rubles	119 rubles	1114 rubles	9902 ruble
Samara	69 rubles	119 rubles	1115 rubles	9884 ruble
Tyumen.	71 ruble	123 rubles	1126 rubles	9917 rubles
Chelyabinsk	74 rubles	127 rubles	1152 ruble	9923 ruble

It should be noted that for the treatment of remitting multiple sclerosis, as well as the secondary progressive sclerosis, the recombinant interferon beta-1B is used ( created artificially with special biotechnology). This type of interferon is based on the specific fermentation of bacteria ( an intestinal wand is used, which contains the human gene responsible for the synthesis of interferonbetaser17.). The technology of obtaining interferon beta-1b is quite expensive, in connection with which the price for it is significantly different from other types of interferon. Recombinant interferon beta-1b can be found in pharmacies at a price of 6200 rubles to 35,000 rubles ( depends on the number of ampoules in the package).

Form release

Structure

Activity: Interferon Alpha (Interferon Alfa) Concentration of the active substance (units): 1000

Pharmacological effect

Alpha Interferon is a mixture of various subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human blood leukocytes. It has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative effect. The antiviral effect of the drug is based mainly on the increase in the resistance of the cell cells that are not yet infected with the virus, to a possible effect. Combining with specific receptors on the cell surface, the interferon alpha changes the properties of the cell membrane, stimulates specific enzymes, affects the RNA of the virus and prevents replication. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon alpha is associated with stimulating the activity of macrophages and NK (Natural Killer) of cells, which, in turn, are involved in the immune response of the organism on tumor cells.

Indications

Prevention and treatment of influenza and other sharp respiratory viral infections

Contraindications

Increased sensitivity to protein preparations

Precautions

Caution is used in patients with instructions in history for the recently suffered myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood coagulation and myelodepresses. Caution is used to use interferon alpha at the same time with sleeping pills, sedatives, opioid analgesics.

Application in pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of interferon alpha drugs during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the estimated benefit for the mother exceeds the potential risk to the fetus. If necessary, applying a nursing mother during lactation should be resolved about the cessation of breastfeeding. Reproductive ages during therapy should apply reliable methods of contraception during therapy.

Method of application and dose

Children from an neonatal period (since birth) the drug is used intranasally (by spraying or injected). For children from 3 years and adults - additionally in the form of inhalation. Intranasally an ampoule with the drug is opened immediately before use. Sterile distilled or cooled to room temperature boiled water Add to a shift to the shock indicated on an ampoule corresponding to 2 ml, be carefully shaken until the contents are completely dissolved. The dissolved drug is transparent or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or from light yellow to pink. The drug is used by injection (using a medical pipette or a syringe without a needle) or spraying. Spraying is made by sprayers of any system or using the attached spray nozzle. For prevention, the administration of the drug should be started with the immediate threat of infection and continue until the danger of infection remains. The drug is used intranasally by instillation of 5 drops or spraying of 0.25 ml in each nasal stroke 2 times a day with an interval of at least 6 hours. For treatment, the drug is applied to early stage Diseases when the first appearance clinical symptoms Intranasally 0.25 ml (5 drops) in each nasal stroke after 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day. The effectiveness of the drug is higher than the use of its earlier. The rules for applying the spray nozzle: to put on the needle to the syringe, fill it with a dissolved drug in a volume of 0.25 ml (mark 10 on a scale of 40 units. Or a mark 25 on a scale of 100 units.). Remove the needle and wear a spray nozzle tightly. To the nasal foot of the spray nozzle and a sharp touch on the piston of the syringe to injected the drug in the nasal stroke. Attach the nozzle-sprayer, put on the needle and type 0.25 ml of the drug from the ampoule. Attach the needle, put the spray nozzle tightly and introduce the drug in Another nasal stroke in accordance with paragraph 3. The pump-sprayer is introduced to a depth of 0.5 cm into nasal moves, pre-purified from the mucus. The patient should be in a sitting position with a slightly trapped head and remain in this position for 1 minute after the administration of the drug. It is allowed to use one nozzle only in one patient. Inhalation is the most effective way For treatment is inhalation. It is recommended inhalers of any type. The contents of 3 ampoules are used per procedure, which is dissolved with 10 ml of water. Water is recommended to warm up to a temperature not higher than 37 ° C. Inhalation, the drug is injected through the mouth and nose 2 times a day for 2-3 days. The introduction of the drug by injection is categorically prohibited!

Side effects

Allergic reactions.

Interaction with other drugs

Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, it is possible to violate the biotransformation of drugs metabolizing by this way. When simultaneously use with ACE inhibitors, synergism is possible in relation to hematotoxic effects; with zidovudine - synergism with respect to myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of hepatic enzymes; With theophylline - a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.

special instructions

When thrombocytopenia with the number of platelets, less than 50,000 / μl should be used by the development of side effects by the CNS in the elderly patients receiving interferon alpha in high doses, a thorough examination should be carried out and, if necessary, interrupt treatment. Podcients should be carried out hydration Therapy, especially in the initial period of treatment. Patients with hepatitis C receiving therapy by therapy by interferon alpha for systemic use, there are disorders of the function of the thyroid gland, expressed in hypo-or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, before the start of the course of treatment, it is necessary to determine the level of TSH in the blood serum and begin treatment only under the condition of normal TSH content in the blood.