With a foreign body in respiratory tracts applied. The method of extracting a foreign body from the upper respiratory tract. How to recognize a foreign body in the respiratory tract for external signs
Each adult man needs to know the basics of first aid victims in various emergency situations. Such an educational subject is taught in schools, starting with junior classes. And even in kindergartens, preschoolers get acquainted with the basic rules of first aid. Nevertheless, it will not be superfluous to refresh knowledge. In our article, consider this situation in which the foreign body is in the respiratory tract. What to do in this case? We will talk about the symptoms of such a state, as well as about the technique of first aid in this emergency situation.
How can a foreign body fall into the respiratory tract?
According to statistics, cases are more often registered when a foreign body is found in the child. Symptoms of such a state can be different, it all depends on how much the object has blocked the air flow. But in any case, such a situation is extremely dangerous for life and health as a child and an adult.
Therefore, it is very important not to leave children under three years without supervision of adults - the kids often try any "find", which is called, taste. In addition, the cutting teeth also contribute to the fact that the children pull the first items in the mouth.
In addition, the kids are often quenched, laugh, talk during meals, which can also lead to aspiration not chewed piece of food. And not to the end of the developed system of reflex processes in children under those years contributes only to the deterioration of the situation, significantly increasing the risk of suffocation.
But doctors regularly face situations when foreign bodies fall into the respiratory path of an adult. The conditions that increase the risk of such situations following:
- alcoholic intoxication;
- communication, laughter during meals;
- low-quality prostheses;
- unprofessional provision of dental services (in medicine there are cases of suffocation with a remote tooth removed by crowns, broken tools).
What is the danger?
The ingress of foreign bodies in the upper respiratory pathways of an adult or child is an emergency, requiring an emergency, although in medical practice examples are known when the patient applied for help to doctors with complications for complicated breathing only a few months after entering an extraneous subject in the body. But still, in most cases, the time is measured in seconds to assist and save.
What happens in the body, if in the respiratory tract - a foreign body? Unfortunately, medical statistics are disappointing. So, almost in 70% of all such cases, the alien item reaches the bronchi, less often (about 20%) - fixed in the trachea and only 10% remain in the larynx (we will be slaughtered and say that it is in the latter case that a foreign body removes from respiratory body ways, although from this rule there are exceptions).
The reflex mechanism of a person works in such a situation as follows: as soon as the subject passes through the voice gap, the muscle spasm occurs. Thus, even coughing, it is extremely difficult for a person to remove the foreign body. Such a protective mechanism complicates the situation even more and contributes to the development of choking.
Why some cases do not constitute high danger to the life and human health, while others are, as they call them in medicine, emergency? It is difficult to answer this question uniquely - it matters the intention of different circumstances. Including such:
The most dangerous subjects
What is dangerous to enter the foreign bodies in the respiratory tract? The structure of a foreign subject plays a decisive role. So, the more it is in size, the higher the probability of overlapping space for air flow. But the small items can cause serious problems. For example, even pieces of meat, sausages or boiled potatoes are able to provoke an attack of a suffocation if they fall into the spashed muscles of the voice ligaments.
Uneven or sharp items can not only "catch" behind the walls of the trachea, but also to painure it, which will lead to even greater complications.
Harmless at first glance the nuts are dangerous in that by hitting the respiratory tract, due to the stream of air, stretch from one zone to another, causing unexpected attacks of the suffocation (a person did not eat anything and suddenly began to choke, and such a situation can repeat repeatedly up to Removing a foreign body from the respiratory tract).
But just objects that are usually considered the most dangerous - metal, plastic or glass (often children swallow toys precisely with such characteristics, for example, balls from rattles, small parts of the designer), - from all the listed possible foreign bodies less frequently cause suffocations.
It should be noted that organic vegetable extraneous items in the respiratory tract are dangerous not only by the possibility of overlapping oxygen access, but also by other complications:
- they have a property to be broken into pieces, which can lead to numerous repeated attacks of choking;
- such bodies as a result of the stay in the "greenhouse" conditions inside the body can swell, increasing in size, thus gradually deteriorating the state of the person;
- plant components as a result of organic processes lead to the formation of inflammation at the place of fixation.
Thus, if in the respiratory tract of a foreign body, then, no matter how deep it has advanced, it should be removed as soon as possible, since the consequences can be felt at any moment.
The danger of this situation is its sudden emergence and the rapid attack. Here the effect of surprise is triggered - and the suppressing person, and the surrounding simplicity can be confused and start panicing. Unfortunately, such a reaction to the emergency situation can lead to a tragic outcome. Therefore, it is important not only to remember the techniques for medical care in such cases, but also to be ready to psychologically to provide this very help at the required moment.
It is especially important to respond correctly when the foreign body is stuck in the child's respiratory tract. Symptoms can be different, so it is important to recognize them in a timely manner and proceed to helping the baby, because then the bill is going on for a second.
In order to reduce the likelihood of such situations should be observed preventive measureswhich is described in more detail in the relevant section of the article.
To help a person who is being suffocated due to the penetration of a foreign subject, it is extremely important to quickly "identify" the characteristic signs of such a state. What are the symptoms of the foreign body in the respiratory tract? Read about it below.
Symptoms that indicate a foreign body in the respiratory tract
How to understand that a person suffers from the fact that he has a foreign body in the respiratory tract? Signs of such a state are different and depend on the structure, the size of the subject, as well as the place where it was fixed.
So, a large item that completely overlaps the access of oxygen, causes a sharp cough, the person instinctively grabs his arms for the throat, a few seconds it is possible to loss of consciousness, redness of the face, and then the formation of the skin.
If in the respiratory tract the foreign body was fixed in such a way that there was a small lumen for gas exchange, then characteristic features This state is the following:
- convulsive cough, often accompanied by vomiting or hemoprod;
- violation of the rhythm of inhalation-exhalation;
- reinforced salivation;
- the appearance of tears;
- short-term episodic attacks of respiratory stop.
Such a state can last before half an hour - precisely for such a time the reflex protective function of the organism is depleted.
If small smooth items have hit the respiratory tract pathways, the absence of any signs of such a state during a certain period of time (depends on where the subject, organic or inorganic origin was fixed). But, unfortunately, if you do not take any measures to remove an extraneous subject from the human body, it does not "disappear" in itself, but will cause serious complications. After a certain time, the victim will appear various breathing problems, for example, such as shortness of breath, hoarseness in voice and others. When listening to the stethoscope will be heard noise in the field of fixation of the foreign body.
Is it possible to help yourself?
Is it possible to give yourself the first help with the foreign body of the respiratory tract? This is possible. But it is important to stock composure and can not be a panic. Since time is quite a bit, it is necessary to calm down first and not to do sharp breaths (this will only aggravate the position, for the air flow will simply promote the object deeper).
The algorithm of actions in such an emergency is as follows:
- Smoothly, slowly breathe, filling the maximum breast air. Then you breathe as much as much as possible, trying to push the subject in the throat.
- Another way to help myself remove the foreign body from the respiratory tract - during a sharp exhalation, press the top of the abdomen on the table top or the back of the sofa.
Technique for advantageous assistance in the affliction of a foreign body in the airways
Foreign bodies found in respiratory tract? First aid in such a situation should be as follows:
- Immediately call the brigade of doctors.
- Before the arrival of physicians, first aid should be provided, according to the technique described below.
Remove the foreign body in two ways:
1. Extend the victim through the back of the chair, chair or thigh of a person who assisted. Then the palm is revealed to sharply hit between the blades of 4-5 times. If the victim lost consciousness, then it should be put on the side and apply hitting the back. This method is called in the medical literature by Mofenson.
2. Another way is as follows: it is necessary to become a rear of the chubby, grab it with their hands under the ribs and produce sharp squeezing towards the bottom-up. This is the so-called
If the above methods did not bring the result, and the condition of the victim deteriorates, you can resort to such a technique for the provision of medical care: to put the patient to the floor, laying under the neck of the roller in such a way that the head hung down the book. It is required to prepare a napkin, flap fabric or something like that. Then you need to open your mouth victim. Using the material, it is necessary to capture the human language and pull it on itself and down - perhaps, thus, the foreign body will become noticeable, and it can be pulled out with his fingers. However, this actions are not recommended to perform such actions, as the technique requires special skills. And with incorrect assistance, you can even harm the victim.
Signs of the aspiration of the foreign body in children
Adults can accurately understand and characterize their condition in the event of such a situation. But the children sometimes even forget that accidentally swallowed the wheel from a toy typewriter or a detail of the designer. If an aspiration of a major item has occurred, which blocked air access, then the symptoms will be the same as described above: a convulsive cough, vomiting, face redness, and then the sinusiness of the skin.
But in case the foreign body penetrated deeply, there may be no signs of such a state at all. In order to determine the presence of an extraneous object in the respiratory tract of crumbs, you need to ask him to talk with adults. If the baby, the pronunciation of the Words is difficult, heard wheezing or "clapping" sounds, the child has changed the timbre or the power of the voice - the baby requires urgent medical care.
Respiratory Forest Bodies Children: First Aid
The technique of first aid to children differs from the "adult version". It's connected with anatomical features Building a growing organism. How to help the baby if there is a suspicion of such pathology as foreign bodies of the upper respiratory tract? First aid in this situation as follows:
- If the child is under the year, then it needs to be put on the forearm so that the adult can hold the chin of crumbs with his fingers. The head of the kid at the same time should hang down. If the child is older than the specified age - it is laid on his knee.
- Then you need to knock 4-5 times with revealed palms between the baby's blades. The younger child, the weaker should be hitting.
- If the specified technique did not give results, it is necessary to put the crumb on the back and produce the so-called subiaphragmal shoes. At the same time, two fingers need (if a child under the year) or a fist (for children over a year) put on the stomach just above the navel and perform sharp pressure moving towards inside and up.
- In the absence of improved in a state of a small patient, it should be started to conduct (artificial respiration) before the "ambulance" arrival.
Surgical methods for removing foreign bodies from respiratory tract
What should I do if you remove the foreign body above the way it did not work? Then, most likely, it will take surgical intervention. In order to determine which type of surgery is needed in a particular case, experts conduct research such as diagnostic laryngoscopy and x-ray. Depending on the results, the doctor may assign the following manipulations:
- Laryngoscopy. With the help of such a procedure, not only determine the presence of a foreign body in a larynx, trachea and voice ligaments, but also remove it.
- Upper tracheobronchoscopy using forceps. This procedure involves the introduction through the oral cavity of the endoscope, through which a special tool is delivered, capable of removing the foreign body.
- Tracheotomy is a surgical formation by outdoor opening in the trachea.
All methods described are dangerous by the development of complications both during their implementation and in the postoperative period.
Preventive measures
The diagnosis of "foreign bodies of the upper respiratory tract" is extremely dangerous and requiring urgent medical care. In order to reduce the likelihood of such an emergency, uncomplicated recommendations should be followed:
- During meals, you should not talk, turn, watch TV. Children should also teach such rules of behavior at the table.
- Do not abuse alcoholic beverages.
- Timely contact for medical help in the presence of disease oral cavity (including dental).
- Store potentially dangerous items out of children reach.
In this material, recommendations are given on how the foreign bodies can be removed in the respiratory tract. First aid for both an adult and a child should be rendered as soon as possible, in some situations to expect the arrival of the doctors simply no time. Therefore, the information set out in this article may be important and necessary for everyone.
The student should know:
- reasons leading to necessity holding IVL;
- reasons leading to IVL inefficiency;
- the tactic of the rescuer when conducting an IVL victim with tracheostoma, dentures; damage to the head, neck, spine;
- Causes, Heart Stop;
- Features of the IVL infants and children;
- Features of the reception of Heymlich pregnant and fat injured;
- features of the ELR in children and babies.
The student must be able to:
- to take the reception "Throwing the head - lifting the chin";
- to assist the victim with partial obstruction of the respiratory tract;
- to assist the victim in consciousness with the help of the obstruction of the respiratory tract (adult, child, infant);
- to assist the victim, who is unconscious when the respiratory tract (adult, child, baby);
- to have a self-help with the full blockage of the respiratory tract;
- identify signs of heart stop;
- to carry out indirect heart massage (adult, child, baby);
- Conduct the SLR (adult, child, infant).
GLOSSARY
15.1. First aid for respiratory disorders to the victim outside the medical institution.
Recognition of features of respiratory disorders and providing timely assistance often becomes a prevention of other formidable complications, for example, anaphylactic shock. Respiratory disorders require immediate assistance, otherwise they can lead to death.
Signs of respiratory disorders - superficial, frequent breathing. Despite the attempt to breathe, the victim cannot breathe enough air or begins to fall, signs of suffocation, accompanied by a feeling of fear and confusion, appear. The victim could be dizziness, sometimes he grabs his hand over her neck.
In any case, assisting, you need to be confident in your own security, since toxic substances can exhale the victim.
If the victim breathes, although with difficulty, it means the heart beats.
It is necessary to help him comfortably sit down, open the window, unbutton the gate of the shirt, weaken the tie and belt. Ask someone to call ambulance"(If you can not do yourself) and make sure that it is caused.
If there are witnesses of the incident, you need to poll them about what happened. The victim can confirm their tale of the nod of the head or say "yes", "no". You need to try to reduce the trouble of the victim, which also makes it difficult to breathe, learn what medicinal products Helps him in this state (bronchology, etc.), continuing to observe the signs testifying to respiratory disorders. It is necessary to cover the victim if it's cold on the street, to transfer (help leave) to the shadow if it's hot on the street.
If you can see that frequent breathing is caused by emotional excitation, it is necessary to offer the victim to relax and breathe slowly. Often this happens enough. When the victim stops breathing, it requires artificial ventilation of the lungs (IVL) "mouth in the mouth", or "mouth into the nose."
Artificial lung ventilation.
Remember! Without breathing (i.e., without receipt of oxygen), the brain can live 4-6 minutes (Fig. 15.1). When conducting artificial ventilation Lungs (IVL) in exhaled air contains 16% oxygen, which is sufficient to maintain the life of the brain.
If you do not see, do not hear, do not feelno signs of breathing, immediately make two slow exhalations in the respiratory paths of the victim through the napkin (handkerchief). Then you need to check the presence of a pulse.
If the victim does not breathe, but he has a pulse on the carotid artery, it should be started to start IVL: to make exhalations, keep the respiratory tract to open at the head of the head and raised chin (Fig. 15.2). The headproof head and the raised chin not only open the respiratory tract, excluding the sparer of the language, but shifted the sand, opening the entrance to the trachea.
Fig. 15.1. Time is a decisive moment to start resuscitation.
It is necessary to gently squeeze the nostrils affected by the big and index fingers, pressing the palm on his forehead. Then, cover the mouth of the affected and slowly exhaled into it until it seems that his chest rises (Fig. 15.3). Each breathing should last about 1.5 seconds with pauses between your breaths. It is necessary to observe the chest at every breath to be sure that the IVL is really carried out. If lifting chest It is not necessary, perhaps insufficiently tracked back the head of the victim. You need to throw the head and try to breathe again. If the chest does not rise, then the respiratory tract is blocked foreign bodyYou need to delete.
raising chin.
It is necessary to check the pulse after the first two breaths: in the presence of the pulse, it is possible to continue the IVL with a frequency of 1 breathing every 5 seconds. With the score "once and", "two and", "three and", "four and", "five and" will be held 5 p. After that, the rescuer must breathe himself and then exhale in the victim. Next continue your breathing with a frequency of 1 breathing every 5 seconds. Each breathing lasts 1.5 s. After one minute of IVL (about 12 breaths), you need to check the pulse and make sure the heart beats. If the breath did not appear - to continue IVL. Check the pulse every minute.
Remember! Stop IVL if:
The victim began to breathe independently;
The victim disappeared the pulse (you need to start cardiovole resuscitation);
Other rescuers came to help you;
I arrived an "ambulance" and continues IVL;
You have exhausted your strength.
Most often, food (nuts, candy, sweets come to the respiratory tract, chewing gum) And small items (balls, beads, parts of children's toys). Natural cough is the most effective way When removing foreign bodies. But in the case when the respiratory tract is completely blocked, the reception of gamelich is used to prevent the threat of life. The purpose of this reception is to dramatically push out the light air, cause an artificial cough push and release the respiratory tract from the foreign body.
What to do
- Immediately call ambulance.
- If the help provided is alone with the victim, and the last is already unconscious, then at first for 2 minutes it is necessary to conduct resuscitation activities (artificial respiration and closed heart massage), and then cause ambulance.
- Embed to performing techniques to remove a foreign body from the respiratory tract of the victim.
If the victim is the child under 1
The child is in consciousness
- Make a child face down on your forearm so that his chest is on your palm. Put your hand with a child on the thigh or knee.
- Child's head lower his body below.
- Apply a blank hand with a free hand between the blades with an interval of 1 second.
If the foreign body fails to be removed by this reception:
- Put the baby on your back on a solid surface or keep it on your knees face from myself. Child's head hold below its body.
- Put medium and index fingers of both hands on the child's belly at the level between the navel and the rib arcs.
- Pass on the epigastric area in the direction up to the diaphragm, without squeezing the chest. Be very careful.
- Continue the reception until the respiratory tract is restored, or the ambulance will not arrive.
Child in unconscious
- Inspect the oral cavity and pharynx, if you see a foreign body, and it is at the output - remove it.
- If the foreign body could not be removed, proceed to performing an extraction (reception of gamelich) in the same sequence as for the child under the age of 1, in consciousness.
- After each series of shocks, look at the mouth and throat of a child. If you see the throat in the throat - remove it.
- If the child does not breathe, proceed to artificial breathing, and in the absence of a pulse, and to indirect heart massage.
- Carry out resuscitation measures before ambulance arriving.
If the victim is a child older than 1 year or an adult man
The victim is conscious
- Stand behind the victim's back, graze it with your hands. The injured housing should be slightly tilted forward.
- Squeeze one hand in the fist and put it on the belly of the victim of the side where it is located thumb, at the level between navel and rib arcs (on the epigastric area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen).
- Clamp a fist with palm of another hand, quickly take 6-10 peasant pressure on the epigastric area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen in the direction inside and up to the diaphragm.
- Continue to perform the reception until the respiratory tract is restored or the ambulance will not arrive.
If the victim is unconscious:
- Put the victim on your back.
- Turn his head to the side.
- Sit riding the hips of the victim, face to the head.
- Put your hands - one to another - on the upper area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen (epigastric area) of the victim.
- Using the weight of your body, vigorously press on the belly of the victim in the direction up to the diaphragm.
- Continue to accept the reception until the respiratory tract is restored or ambulance will not arrive.
If the victim does not breathe, proceed to artificial respiration, and in the absence of the pulse, and to the indirect heart massage.
Self-help
- Squeeze one hand in the fist and the side where the thumb, put it on the stomach at the level between the navel and the rib arcs.
- Palm other hands. Put over a fist, quickly push in the direction of the fist in the stomach.
- Repeat several times until the respiratory tract is released.
You can also rely on a hard horizontal object (the angle of the table, chair, railings) and make an impetus in the upward direction in the epigastric area.
What do not be done
- Do not proceed to receive Gamelich if the victim strongly coughs.
- Do not attempt to grab your fingers stuck in the injured throat - you can push it even deeper, use a tweezers or another girlfriend tool.
- The geimlich's ineptly carried out is unsafe, since it can lead to regurgitation, damage to the stomach and liver. Therefore, the push should be carried out strictly in the specified anatomical point. It is not produced at late pregnancy, in very fat people and children up to the year. In these cases, the chest compression is used as closed massage Hearts, and blows between the blades.
Next steps
The victim should be necessarily examined by a doctor - even with a favorable outcome.
The information in the article is provided solely for informational purposes.
Meet your doctor before making any actions. Based on
Rules Removing a foreign body from respiratory tract to a diaphragm (method of gamelich)
The most effective (up to 80% of the successful extraction of foreign bodies from the upper respiratory tract), but also the most dangerous of all above.
Efficiency is that with a sharp impact under the diaphragm of the lungs, more than 300 ml of air "dead" space is pushed out, which is never used when breathing and cough. Proper application This natural reserve often saves the lives of crushed. The danger is that a sharp blow is applied to the "forbidden zone" - to the region rich in nervous endings (not to be confused with a precondial strike). It is blows below the diaphragm or a strong compression of this area with hands (dangerous entertainment of schoolchildren) often leads to a reflex stop of the heart. In addition, a hard attendant blow may cause severe injuries. internal organs and life-threatening internal bleeding. Therefore, this is the most effective, but at the same time, the most dangerous method should be applied only after unsuccessful use of previous methods. Children up to 3 years old punch under the diaphragm is strictly contraindicated. After each occasion of strikes, the diaphragm should necessarily call an ambulance or consult a doctor. It is possible to work out the skills of impact under the diaphragm only on special simulators.
Rules Removing a foreign body from the respiratory tract to a diaphragm (method of gamelich):
- 1. Stand behind the victim.
- 2. Cook his hands lurped into the castle, under the root arc of the victim.
- 3. With force to hit the bottom up folded into the "castle" with brushes in the taper area.
- 4. After impact, you should not immediately dissolve folded in the castle brushes. In the case of a reflex stop of a heart, a falling victim should be followed.
