149,89424 g / mol Density 3.67 g / cm³ Thermal properties T. Plave. 660 ° C. T. Kip. 1304 ° C. Classification Reg. Cas 7681-82-5 Data is given for standard conditions (25 ° C, 100 kPa), unless otherwise indicated.

Sodium iodide, iodiy sodium, NAI - sodium salt iodomic acid.

Physical properties

Under normal conditions - white hygroscopic powder or transparent colorless crystal. Salted taste. The smell does not have. In the air, raws with decomposition and excretion of iodine. Easily soluble in water, in alcohol, in glycerin.

Chemical properties

$\backslash \backslash \; Mathsf\; (2NAI\; +\; 2KMNO\_4\; +\; 2KOH\; \backslash \backslash \; \backslash \backslash \; LONGRIGHTARROW\; ()\; \backslash \backslash \; i\_2\; +\; 2k\_2mno\_4\; +\; 2NAOH)$

also interacts with a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid:

$\backslash \backslash \; Mathsf\; (6NAI\; +\; K\_2CR\_2O\_7\; +\; 7H\_2SO\_4\; \backslash \backslash \; Longrightarrow\; ()\; \backslash \backslash \; 3i\_2\; +\; Cr\_2\; (SO\_4)\; \_3\; +\; k\_2SO\_4\; +\; 3NA\_2SO\_4\; +\; 7H\_2O)$

Using

Chemical synthesis

Sodium iodide is used in a polymerase chain reaction and in the Finelstein reaction (solution in acetone) to convert the chloroalkyl in Iodalkyls:

$\backslash \backslash \; Mathsf\; (RCL\; +\; NAI\; \backslash \backslash \; RIGHTARROW\; RI\; +\; NaCl)$

Nuclear physics

Sodium iodide crystals, to improve the light source activated by Tallium, NAI (TL), are used in the manufacture of scintillation detectors of elementary particles, primarily in calorimeters. Sodium iodide is hygroscopic, so such detectors need a hermetic packaging that prevents contact with air moisture. NAI (TL) is one of the most common scintillators, which is explained by its high light impact, a rather short tightening time (near the microsecond) and a high efficient kernel charge (therefore, high efficiency Absorption of gamma quanta).

Sources of light

Solubility

NAI solubility in various solvents
(gram of NAI / 100 grams of solvent at 25 ° C)

H 2 O.	184
Liquid ammonia	162
Liquid sulfur dioxide	15
Methanol.	62.5 - 83.0
Formic acid	61.8
Acetonitrile	24.9
Acetone	28.0
Formamid	57 - 85
Acetamide	32.3
Dimethylformamide	3.7 - 6.4

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Literature

• Knunyantz I. L., etc. T3 Honey-floor // Chemical Encyclopedia. - M.: Large Russian Encyclopedia, 1992. - 639 p. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-039-8.

see also

Notes

Excerpt characterizing sodium iodide

Three weeks after his last evening, Rostov, Prince Andrei returned to St. Petersburg.

The next day after his explanation with the mother, Natasha waited for a whole day of Block, but he did not come. On the other, on the third day there was the same. Pierre also did not come, and Natasha, not knowing what Prince Andrei went to his father, could not explain his absence.
So three weeks passed. Natasha did not want to leave anywhere and as a shadow, idle and sad, walked around the rooms, in the evening secretly cried and was not in the evenings to the mother. She indifferently blushed and annoyed. It seemed to her that everyone knew about her disappointment, laugh and regret her. With the strength of the inner grief, this vain mountain strengthened its misfortune.
Once she came to the Countess, I wanted to tell her something, and suddenly I was crying. The tears of her were tears of an offended child who himself does not know what he was punished.
Countess began to calm Natasha. Natasha, who was listening first in the words of the mother, suddenly interrupted her:
- Stop, Mom, I do not think, and I do not want to think! So, traveled and stopped, and stopped ...
The voice trembled her, she almost cried, but reconciled and calmly continued: - And at all I do not want to marry. And I'm afraid of him; I now completely, completely calmed down ...
Another day, after this conversation, Natasha put on the old dress, which was especially famous for her in the morning in the morning, and in the morning he began her former lifestyle from which she was behind after the ball. She, drunk tea, went to the hall, which she especially loved for a strong resonance, and began singing his autfoots (singing exercises). After graduating the first lesson, she stopped in the middle of the hall and repeated one musical phrase, especially like her. She listened to joyfully to that (as if unexpected for her) charms, with which these sounds overflowed filled all the emptiness of the halls and slowly froze, and she suddenly became fun. "What to think about it is a lot and so well," she said to himself and began to walk along the hall, stepping not with simple steps on the ringing parquet, but on a step stepped off the heel (there were new, favorite shoes) on her sock, And just as joyfully, as well as listening to the sounds of his voice, listening to this dimensional hangover and socks. Passing by the mirror, she looked into it. - "Here I am!" As if the expression of her face was told at the sight of himself. - "Well, and good. And I do not need anyone. "
Laki wanted to enter to remove something in the hall, but she did not let him down, again defending the door behind him, and continued his walk. She returned to this morning again to his beloved state of love for himself and admiration for themselves. - "What the beauty of this Natasha!" She said again about himself with the words of some third, collective, male face. "Good, voice, young, and she does not interfere with anyone, leave only her alone." But no matter how much they leave her alone, she could no longer be deceased and immediately felt it.
In the front opened the door of the entrance, someone asked: is it home? And whose steps were heard. Natasha looked in the mirror, but she did not see herself. She listened to the sounds in the front. When she saw herself, her face was pale. It was he. She really knew that, although he had a little hearing the sound of his voice from the gated doors.

Clinical and Pharmacological Group: & NBSP

Included in the preparations

Russia

Russia

ATH:

V.09.f.x. Other radiopharmaceutical preparations for the diagnosis of thyroid disease

Pharmacodynamics:

Diagnostic application Radioactive (131 i: half-life 8.08 days; decay constant 0.00358 h -1; type of decay β; emitted radiation: β-radiation with an energy of 191 keV, γ-radiation with an energy of 364.5 keV; average The number of emissions / decay - 0.90 for β-radiation, 0.81 for γ-radiation) is selectively captured by the thyroid gland, since it is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This allows you to quantify and visualize the anatomical distribution of 131 I in the tissues of the gland. Sodium iodide 131 I is also accumulated in the functioning nodes of papillary, follicular and mixed (papillary-follicular) cancer and in metastases, although to a lesser extent than in normal thyroid tissue. Inside of large doses of 131 I leads to its electoral accumulation in pathological tissues (hyperthyroidism or malignant tumors) thyroid gland and their destruction.

Pharmacokinetics:

The drug is introduced on an empty stomach, absorbed in the stomach and enters blood. The half-life period is 80-10 minutes. When introduced into the body, the radioactive isotope of iodine 131 I accumulates mainly in thyroid gland. Absorption kinetics 131 I thyroid glands (relative to the injected amount) is average: after 2 hours - 14%, after 4 hours - 9%, after 24 hours - 27%. Excreted with urine and feces (60% for days). The accumulation and rate of removal of the drug is individual and depend on the state of the thyroid gland, gender and on the age of the patient.

Indications:

Scanning and scanning of thyroid gland:

- evaluation functional state and the topography of the thyroid gland for the diagnosis of distieties;

- diagnosis of a-cell thyroid cancer and metastases;

- diagnosis of thyroid disease in adults.

Treatment:

- thyrotoxicosis;

- thyroid cancer.

IV.E00-E07.E05 Thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism]

II.C73-C75.C73. Malignant thyroid gland

Xxi.z00-z13.z03 Medical observation and evaluation in suspected disease or pathological condition

Contraindications:

- individual intolerance;

- thyrotoxic adenoma;

- nodal goiter;

- zajob;

- euticoid goiter;

- light forms of thyrotoxicosis;

- mixed toxic goiter;

- renal failure;

- hEMOPOOEES (leukopoese and thrombocytopoese);

- expressed hemorrhagic syndrome;

- ulcer of the stomach and duodenal gut (in the aggravation stage);

- pregnancy and period breastfeeding;

- age under 20 years old.

Carefully:

Age from 20 to 40 years.

Pregnancy and lactation:

FDA Category C Recommendations for Diagnostic Use (Research Risk and Benefits) Categories X for medical application (Application during pregnancy is contraindicated). 131 I penetrates the placenta and can cause severe irreversible hypothyroidism in the fetus. The thyroid gland absorbs starting from 12 weeks of gestation. Before starting treatment or before research, it is necessary to exclude the likelihood of pregnancy. In a study, which included 627 women who received sodium treatment [131 I] iodide about different species Cancer of the thyroid gland, signs of violation of fertility not marked.

Method of use and dose:

Treatment of hyperthyroidism: inside 148-370 MBC (4-10 MKI) (according to other data, the minimum dose is 111 MBK); The dose is usually adjusted based on the mass of the thyroid gland and measurements of the daily accumulation of isotope.

For nodal zobe and other heavy diseases of the thyroid gland can be raised a dose to 555-1110 MBK (15-30 MKI).

Treatment of thyroid cancer (functioning papillary or follicular).

Suppression of the functioning of the normal tissue of the thyroid gland: inside 1.85 GBK (according to other data, 1.1-3.7 GBK) (30-100, on average 50 mKi).

Subsequent Metastase Therapy: Inside 3,7-7.4 GBK (100-200 MKI).

Treatment of thyroid cancer metastases: inside 1.85-3.7 GBK 1 time in 3 months. Before each re-assignment of the drug, a study is carried out by the iodrotigotic activity of metastases (by scintigraphy or radioisotope scanning after the introduction of 37-74 MBC of the drug). The duration of treatment can reach 2 years, and the total dose of 131 I is 18.5-25.9 GBK.

Thyroid scintigraphy (assessment of the functional state of the thyroid gland, diagnosis and confirmation of hyperthyroidism; determination of the effectiveness of treatment with radioactive iodine; visualization of functions and shape of the thyroid gland, focal formations, including cancer, and the formations of the sub-surround region, neck and mediastinum; assessment of the effectiveness of treatment and observation patients with thyroid cancer in pre- and postoperative period).

Evaluation of only radionuclide accumulation in the thyroid gland: inside 0.185-0.55 MBK (5-15 MKKI). With well-reasonable suspicion of hyperthyroidism or stubborn nodes, an increase in dose of up to 3.7 MBK may be required (100 MKKI).

Thyroid visualization: inside 1.85-3.7 MBK (50-100 MKKI).

Localization of thyroid cancer metastases: inside 37-370 MBC (1-10 mKi).

With thyroid scintigraphy, especially in children, sodium yodid 123 I or sodium pertechnette 99m Tc is preferable to sodium iodide 131 I due to less radiation load on the patient and the possibility of obtaining better quality images.

When applied in all indications possible intravenous administration.

To study the accumulation of radionuclide: the minimum dose of 0.037 MBK (1 MKKI); maximum dose 0.55 MBK (15 MKKI).

For the imaging of the thyroid gland: the minimum dose of 0.185 MBK (5 MKKI); Maximum dose of 1.3 MBK (35 MKKI).

To visualize mediastinum formations: Minimum dose of 0.55 MBK (15 MKKI); Maximum dose of 3.7 MBK (100 mkki).

Side effects:

Blood: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.

Digestive system: Nausea and vomiting, temporary absence of taste sensations, radiation gastritis, radiation sial adornit.

Nervous system: headache.

Leather: skin itch, skin rashes, alopecia, skin reactive changes in the field of thyroid gland, mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx.

Carcinogenic / mutagenicity: In animals, 131 I may induce the development of adenoma and thyroid cancer, but the study in humans gave contradictory results; does not increase the frequency of acute leukemia in humans compared with other hyperthyroid patients; The induction of chromosomal disorders in laboratory studies, hypothyroidism (the frequency of hypothyroidism after the treatment of hyperthyroidism is 15-25% during the first year after the treatment is completed, increases by ~ 2-3% in each subsequent year; risk increases with an increase in the life expectancy; may develop in within a few years after successful treatment hyperthyroidism; A regular annual study of thyroid hormones is recommended), enhancing hyperthyroidism phenomena, ray thyroiditis, exophthalm, ulcerative cystitis.

Overdose: Not described, treatment is symptomatic. Interaction:

Amiodarone, anti-rampants (Tioamide derivatives or aromatic compounds), benzodiazepines, iodine-containing radiocontrase products, glucocorticoids, baked products (for example, cabbage, turnip), iodine-containing food, iodine-containing agents, bromides containing joda traces, monovalent anions (for example, perchlorate, thiocyanate), derivatives of pyrazolone (for example,), salicylates, iodized sodium salt (in large quantities), sodium thiopental, thyroid-blocking agents (for example, concentrated iodine solution, potassium perchlorate), thyroid hormones (natural or synthetic) - reduction of accumulation 131 I . It is recommended to cancel these funds for the next period of time before the introduction of sodium [131 i] iodide: a few months for amiodaron, 1 week for glucocorticoids, 4 weeks for benzodiazepines, 2-4 weeks for intravascular administration of iodine-containing radiopatruts, not less than 4 weeks for x-ray-repeat tools for cholecystograph FII, 2-4 weeks for iodine-containing funds (vitamins, expectorant, antitussive tools and means for local applications), 1-2 weeks for derivatives of pyrazolone, 1 week for Tiopental sodium, 4-6 weeks for Tyroxin preparations, 2-3 weeks for Treiiodotronic drugs.

Anti-rampants - Perhaps the development of the effect of returns in the sudden abolition of anti-immediate means with a very high absorption of iodine with thyroid gland during the first 5 days. It is recommended to cancel anti-random funds 1 week before the introduction of sodium [131 i] iodide. For early absorption research (15-30 minutes), in order to detect iodide (not distribution in the body), it is not necessary to interrupt therapy with thioamide means.

MielodePressants exhibiting predictable dose-dependent myelotoxicity [abacavir, (under systemic use), liposomal complex, typerabine (with systemic use in high doses), liposomal, liposomal, interferons α,

The pharmacopic drugs of iodides are

Sodium yodid

Natrii iodidum Nal M. m. 149.89

Kalia Iodide Kalii Iodidum Ki M. m. 166.01

Both drugs are crystalline powder-ki white.

Apply iodides as iodine media in hyperthyroidism,

endemic goiter.

If food or water does not contain a sufficient amount of iodine, as it happens in some mountain areas, the location has a disease - cretinism or goiter disease. Appoint iodides in the form of solutions (mixtures) "for use inside.

Methods for producing halides. Sodium Chlo-Rid is the only halide, which is widely wounded in nature in the form of massive sediments of the stone salt. It is the main source for producing a pharmaco-dye. The aqueous saline solutions are evaporated, sodium chloride is purified from impurities accompanying it. Ultimately, sodium chloride recrystalli is called from water saturated with concentrated chloroiodo-native acid, in which it is badly soluble.

A cleaner preparation can be obtained by treating sodium carbonate or potassium x. h. chloride hydrochloric acid.

The accompanying product of the reaction (cross) of the fly and therefore sodium (potassium) chlorides are purified clean.

Bromides and iodides are completely the same. In industry they are obtained as follows: Iron chips are treated with water and add bromine or correspondent iodine. At the same time, bromide (iodide) of iron (FeBr 2 or FEL 2) is formed. Then br, (i,) is then added to the reaction mass.

The precipitation of iron hydroxides is filtered. From the filter, after evaporation, sodium bromide is crystallized or sodium iodide, respectively.

To obtain potassium bromide and potassium iodide instead of soda take Potash K2CO3.

The authenticity of all these drugs (chlorides, bromine-doves, iodides) is determined by the Na + and K + cationhip and according to the corresponding anion C1 ~, Vg ~, I -.

Sodium-ion usually detect the color of the flame in yellow. From the chemical reactions of the GF X, the reaction with zincanlacetate - in the presence of Na +, a yellow crystalline precipitate is released.

Potassium-ion is determined by staining the flame burner in purple color, and if you look at the flame through a blue stack, it seems painted in purple-red color.

From chemical reactions apply:

a) reaction with wine-kamenic acid in the presence of sodium ace-tata.

In order to avoid dissolving the precipitate of potassium hydrotrate in the resulting mineral acid (NS1), it is associated with an Ace-Tat of sodium;

b) reaction with sodium cobaltinitrite solution (hexanite

rokobalt sodium).

The reaction is carried out in acetic acid medium during retaining a pa-clock about the wall of the vessel.

This reaction can detect potassium-ion only in the absence of NH4 + -HOHOB, which also give an OSA with this reagent. Therefore, before investigating potassium salts of this reaction, they should be calculated to remove possible impurities of ammonium salts.

To confirm the authenticity of the anions C1 -, VG ~, I - GF X leads two main reactions:

a) reaction with a solution of silver nitrate in the presence of nitric acid; Under the action on chlorides, bromides, iodides with a solution of silver nitrate in the presence of nitric acid, curly precipitations are arranged, respectively:

The reaction is carried out in the presence of nitric acid, which does not dissolve the precipitate of silver halides.

Since silver chlorides and bromides sometimes it is difficult to distinguish with color, it is recommended to experience solubility of these precipitation in ammonium solutions and ammonium carbonate

Silver chloride is easily dissolved in dilute ammonia solutions and ammonium carbonate with the formation of the corresponding soluble complexes.

Silver bromide is difficult to soluble in diluted ammonia solutions and dissolves only in concentrated rasters, and in solution (GSH ^ GSOs does not dissolve at all.

Silver iodide does not dissolve in any ammonia solutions, nor in solution (MN ^ ASOS.

b) the oxidation reaction of halide ions (C1 ~, Br ~, i -) to elemental halogen; Haloenide ions in an acidic medium are reducing agents and themselves are capable of oxidizing to the free halogen. This property is used to determine sub-lininess of bromide and iodides.

To a solution of bromide or iodide (NaBr, Nal), m-non-radical acid is added, for example, hydrogen, chloroform and oxidizing agent. Usually, in the case of bromide, chlorine is added as an oxidizing agent, and in the case of iodides - sodium nitrite Nan0 2 or oxide chloride FECL 3. The reaction mass shakes and give it to stand. The chloroform layer in the case of bromide is painted in yellow (VG 2), and in the case of iodi-Dov, purple (1 2).

Chlorides (NaCl, KCI) are also oxidized to free chlo-ra, but since chlorine rampant, this reaction is not convenient to confirm the authenticity of chlorides and not recommended GF X.

Often, broma-you are used to open bromide and iodides and, accordingly, iodaty (Nai0 3), which, being oxidizers, are oxidized in an acidic medium. ~ And 1 ~ to free bromine and, respectively, iodine. The reaction is carried out in the presence of chloroform, which is painted in yellow (BG 2) and, accordingly, in purple (b).

Purity test. For sodium and potassium chlori-Dov GF X requires the absence of impurities of magnesium salts, barium, ammonium.

In sodium chloride, impurities of potassium salts are not allowed, and in potassium chloride - sodium salts, since Potassium and sodium are antagonists by action.

Such impurities like calcium, iron, heavy metals, sulfates, arsenic, GF X admits in sodium preparations and ka-lia of chloride within the standards, since the permissible limit of these impurities does not affect therapeutic effect Preparapa-Tov and does not cause any side phenomena.

Barium, calcium, broma-tov, iodides (toxic) are not allowed in bromide.

An admixture of soluble barium and calcium salts is determined by adding a diluted sulfuric acid to a solution of the drug. If there is 2+ and CA 2+, the solution will be observed due to the formation of insoluble salts of calcium and barium (CAS04 and BASO-I).

An admixture of iodides is determined by adding an oxidizer pre-pararate solution, such as iron chloride.

When adding chloroform, the allocated iodine will paint it into purple color.

The most dangerous impurity are bromat due to their toxicity. You can detect them in bromides by adding chloride acid. In the presence of impurities of bromine-com, the free bromine will be highlighted, which will paint the race in yellow.

Sulfate, heavy metals and arsenic impurities are allowed in bromide within the standards.

In iodides, there may be impurities of carbonates, cyanides, nit-rates, iodates, soluble barium salts. All these impurities of Yado-Vita and therefore their contents are not allowed in preparations.

An admixture of nitrates is opened by restoring them to ammonia, which is found to organoleptically or on the form of a wet red lactium paper.

An admixture of cyanides is determined by the formation of Berlin lazuries.

The quantitative content of chlorides and bromide GF X recommends determining the method of argenometry (according to Mora's mera). Accurate jacket The drug in the neutral or global medium is titrated by a silver nitrate solution to a brownish-red sediment in the KGSG0 4 indicator.

Similarly proceeds with bromide.

Iodides cannot be determined by Mora, since they are accompanied by the formation of colloidal systems of iodine da silver and adsorption, which makes it difficult to establish the end point of titration. Therefore, iodides are determined by the titration of silver nitrate using adsorption indicators that are salts of weak organic acids, for example, di-sodium fluorescein (I) salt or sodium eosinate (II).

As iodide tithes, the silver nitrate is formed by the colloidated AGL precipitate, the particles of which have a large adsorption capacity. Charged positively, they adsorb negatively charged indicator anions on their surface and in the equivalent point causes a change of color of the AGL precipitate from yellow to pink.

Storage. Chlorides, bromides, iodides should be stored in conditions warning the oxidation of these drugs: in Ho-Rosho closed banks, in a dry place. Iodides and bromides are usually stored in orange jackets, as the light stimulates oxidation processes.

Sodium iodidum (Natrii iodidum)

Structure

White crystalline powder without smell, salty taste. In the air, raws with decomposition and excretion of iodine. Easily soluble in water (1: 0.6), alcohol (1: 3), glycerin (1: 2). The aqueous solutions are sterilized at a temperature of + 100 * C for 30 minutes or +120 * C for 20 minutes.

pharmachologic effect

Affects the synthetic function (hormone formation) of the thyroid gland, inhibits education thyreotropic hormone The front proportion of the pituitary gland (hormones of pituitary, regulating the function of the thyroid gland), reflexively increases the secretion of the bronchial glands (wet wet), has proteolytic (protein cleaving) properties. For local application Shows antiseptic (disinfecting) activity. An important property of sodium iodide is its ability to warn the accumulation radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland and ensure its protection against radiation.

Indications for use

Applied as a drug of iodine with hyperthyroidism (thyroid disease), endemic zob (thyroid disease due to reduced content iodine in water), to prepare for operations in pronounced forms of thyrotoxicosis (diseases of the thyroid gland, due to its increased function), with inflammatory diseases respiratory tract, bronchial asthma; for eye diseases (cataract, cornea clouding / transparent eye shell and fiscame body, hemorrhages in the shell of the eye), as well as with fungal lesions of conjunctiva (outer shell eyeball) and cornea. Prevention of radioactive flashes of the thyroid gland. It is also used as auxiliary agent in patients with syphilis.

Mode of application

Inside 0.3-1 ^ -3-4 times a day; at late syphilitic changes spectator nerve and with the actinomyosis of the lungs ( fungal disease Lungs) intravenously at 5-10 ml 10% solution after 1-2 days (only 8-12 injections).

Side effects

Possible phenomena of iodiism (noncommunicable inflammation of mucous membranes in the locations of iodine in the overdose) or individual intolerance of iodine drugs - runny nose, urticaria, etc.

Contraindications

When taking inside: pulmonary tuberculosis, jade (kidney inflammation), furunculosis (multiple purulent skin inflammation), acne rashes, chronic piederma (purulent skin inflammation), hemorrhagic diathesis (increased bleeding), urban, pregnancy, increased sensitivity to iodine.

Form release

Powder.

Storage conditions

In the light-protected place.

Synonyms

Sodium iody.

Active substance:

sodium yodid

Authors

Links

• Official instruction for sodium yodid.
• Modern medications: Full practical guide. Moscow, 2000. S. A. Kryzhanovsky, M. B. Vittynova.

Attention!
Description of the drug " Sodium yodid"This page is a simplified and supplemented version. official instruction for use. Before purchasing or using the drug, you should consult a doctor and familiarize yourself with the annotation approved by the manufacturer.
Information about the preparation is provided solely with an informational purpose and should not be used as a guide to self-medication. Only a doctor may decide on the appointment of the drug, as well as determine the doses and methods for its use.