Varicose veins, or varicose veins - an extremely unpleasant disease, unfortunately, is very common, especially among women who are sick of 3 times more often than men. The problem is that we often often do not rush to doctors when the first symptoms appear, written off the severity in the legs and edema for ordinary fatigue.

However, varicose veins, like many other diseases, is causing to cure it simply just in the early stages, even a surgical intervention may be needed at a running stage. That is why it is very important to know how varicose veins begins to start and prevent the development of complications in time.

As a rule, in the early stages, the symptoms of the disease are expressed weakly, so they are easy to skip them. Increased fatigue patients are written off for long walking or in a standing position. Uncomfortable shoes, convulsions consider the lack of necessary minerals in the body - calcium, magnesium.

And only the appearance of pronounced vascular stars And extended veins makes think about varicose veins. In fact, with the appearance of the above symptoms, it is better to consult a doctor so that he confirms or refute the presence of the disease, and, if necessary, began timely, and therefore effective treatment.

If you do not pay attention to the initial swelling, first passing to the morning yourself, the increase in veins and the appearance of stars, you can face the symptoms of later stages, much more unpleasant:, the appearance of dermatitis and so on. It is then developing complications such as thrombophlebitis, deep veins thrombosis, trophic ulcers etc.

How to distinguish varicose veins from ordinary veins and other diseases

Varicosis was previously considered the disease exclusively pensioners. Nowadays, many pretty young people have the symptoms of this disease. Varicose veins - this is a blockage and thinning of vascular walls, leading to swolmers and nodules.

Like any disease, varicose veins are much easier to cure at the initial stage. To do this, it is necessary to understand its symptoms and distinguish real varicose veins from ordinary cosmetology defects. About how the varicose veins begins on the legs, you need to know everyone. An example of how varicose veins begins, in the photo above.

This disease is almost not manifested at the very beginning. In addition to swelling, and then small, and fatigue is not visible absolutely no changes. But the appearance of small swelling along the veins is already a reason to think.

Symptoms of varicose diseases

How does varicose origin begin?

To know how to identify varicose veins, we list its main symptoms:

1. Pain, can be both when walking and at rest, often acute.
2. Cramps at night.
3. The appearance of edema, usually in the evening. At the same time, shoes that could be free to wear in the morning, in the evening of taught.
4. Feeling of gravity in the legs.
5. Increased fatigue.
6. Change skin. Initially, dryness appears, then pigmentation - the skin darkens, brown spots appear on it, dermatitis and eczema appear in the running cases.
7. Increased veins. They become convulsions, protrude on the surface of the skin of the stop and the legs, have pronounced extensions.
8. The appearance of vascular stars.

The appearance of individual does not necessarily indicate the presence of varicose veins, but clearly indicates that it is worth contacting a specialist. For example, the severity in the legs and high fatigue may indicate osteochondrosis or flatfoot.

In fact, the symptoms are progressing over time, so specialists allocate several stages of the disease:

• the first - passing at all without painful sensations, only the first cosmetic changes are manifested;
• the second is accompanied by the appearance of a feeling of cutting legs and severity, seizures at night;
• the third - when noticeable edema appear, skin seal;
• the fourth is the stage of formation of an ulcer.

It turns out that the main method, how to identify varicose foot, is to closely monitor the state of the vessels. After all, most often women, first discovering extended veins, upset, but do not rush to the doctor, deciding for themselves that it age sign And all people are so. They are sent to the phlebologist only after the appearance of discomfort, that is, at least in the third stage of the disease.

It is best to change vessels are visible at thin and pale skin, even the finest veins of the veins under the skin or a network of bluish vasces are noticeable. Then pronounced varicose knots, Usually on the inner surface of the hips or the heads.

To diagnose on early stage, We need a consultation of the surgeon, neurologist and directly phlebologist, and from the diagnostic methods it will definitely need a ultrasound research or phlebography.

Do not postpone a visit to the doctor, especially if you have a hereditary predisposition to this disease. Then you stop the process in time that not only causes a lot of unpleasant sensations, but also worsens appearance Beautiful female legs. My patients were used, thanks to which you can get rid of varicose veins in 2 weeks without much effort.

How to prevent the disease?

From preventive measures when the first signs of varicose appears are offered funds to prevent the progress of the disease and its exacerbation. Prevention of varicose veins is primarily correct and healthy nutrition, consumption of a large amount of water, as well as vegetables and fruits that prevent blood thickening.

If the varicose veins begins, what to do?

1. Test your shoes. Convenient heel and a comfortable shoe block are able to prevent starting varicose veins (see photo).
2. Compression linen - stockings, golf tights. To prevent the further development of the disease, at the first signs of its appearance it is necessary to use special golfers or stockings, which will prevent further driving veins.
3. Full rejection of destructive smoking. Smoking leads to narrowing the walls of the vessels and their sticking, which inevitably leads to the formation of venous obstruction. Therefore, with the slightest signs of varicose, you should end with this habit.
4. Massage light treatments. It is light strokes and self-massage that helps to increase the elasticity of blood vessels and improved blood circulation, which prevents the formation of nodules and cones. Deep massage on the field of nodule formations is not recommended.

To reveal and cure timely and cure varicose extension veins will need a qualified diagnosis of varicose varicose. Thanks to the achievements of modern medicine, determine the process of defeating veins and capillaries is easy, the main thing is not to tighten with the diagnosis and immediately contact the phlebologist for help.

Patient examination methods with varicose

The defeat of the veins may appear long before the manifestation of the visible clinical picture. Activation of varicose veins contributes to reinforced legs on legs, improper nutrition, bad habits, a sedentary lifestyle.

The diagnosis of varicose veins of the lower extremities begins from the first stage - inspection of the damaged zones with phlebogus. Through palpation, painful foci are determined, vessel density, veins tension, the presence of swelling, inflammatory processes.

Attention!

The procedure is carried out in vertical position Bodies so that veins are maximally filled with blood. It is desirable to spend such a procedure in the evening to effectively inspect the veins after day load.

In the first part of the diagnosis of vein varicose veins on the legs, a detailed survey of the patient (social activities, the presence of physical exertion at work, at home, allergic reactions, Reception of drug drugs).

The main components of the anamnesis:

• Genetics;
• Neuralgic and orthopedic violations;
• Reception of hormonal drugs;
• Injury limbs;
• Pregnancy;
• Operational interventions;
• Bad habits.
• Composition and power mode.
• Physical activity.

After the survey and palpation, the doctor receives primary information about the health status of the lower extremities, the following step is performed - ultrasound procedure veins.

This method allows you to display the state of the veins and vessels from the inside, to study information on deformations and blood flow disorders. Specialist affects sound waves on different parts of the body, receiving an image internal organs. Learning lasts no more than 30 minutes.

Such a diagnostic method is also used as dopplerography - the state of the veins valves is determined and the internal structure of the blood vessel is estimated.

No less popular duplex scanning - one of modern methods diagnosis of varicose varicose. The procedure allows not only to determine the disease, but also track its flow.

Phlebography is used to display the bandwidth of the surface and deep venous system, it is carried out outpatient and does not require hospitalization, has high reliability and accuracy of the results.

Before you go through this study, you must pass tests to determine general status. A week before the diagnosis will have to abandon alcohol, do not take medicines that contribute to the discharge of blood and expand the vessels.

Attention!

Paid services for the diagnosis of varicose veins offer such private clinics as the regional phlebological center in Tula and the Moscow region. (Ultrasound from 1600 rubles), Moscow Cent Phlebology (duplex study from 1500 ruble), "Kredsexperto" Moscow (diagnostics of veins of veins on the legs from 2500 ruble).

Free diagnosis of varicose veins is carried out in some polyclinics of Moscow (№129, №134, №180), urban hospital number 20 and No. 48 of St. Petersburg, Hospital No. 1 in the Saratov region, Engels.

Varicose tests

The diagnosis of surface and internal vessels and vessels is carried out using a detailed blood test:

• Common;
• Hormone;
• On hemoglobin;
• The presence of infection.

The second type of material for diagnosis is urine (definition for sugar, hemoglobin, acetone, bilirubin, ammonia). Some types of surface analysis are in demand:

• The tribal sample - the patient is put on the back, offer foot, after using three harnesses, squeezing veins in the area of \u200b\u200bgroin, under the knee and in the feet of the hip. If with a sharp rise of veins swell, varicose insufficiency is fixed;
• Pratt's sample - such a diagnosis of varicose veins is applied to detect damaged valves of blood vessels. In the course of the procedure, the elastic bandt is fixed by the lower limb, the gag is shifted by a groin vein, the patient rises, and the bandage is gradually removed. With the help of the analysis, you can determine the degree of development of the disease;
• Talman's test - patient laid in horizontal position For a few minutes, the load leaves the veins, after the doctor pulls the leg of the spiral foot, bottom to up, the distance between the turns is about 6 cm. After the legs are examined, if the veins occurred in any site, it means that a place with weak valves has been discovered.

Functional samples may allow error, and therefore, along with them used tool methods (Scanning, Doppler, X-ray, clearance, etc.).

All information collected using the above methods is analyzed, the diagnosis is established, a subsequent treatment of varicose varicose varicoses is prescribed.

Additional diagnostic methods

You can undergo varicose diagnostics in the clinic using photopletamography (sensor with infrared radiation is attached to the patient's skin, on the inner side of the lower leg, and the degree of the released light depends on the degree of pathology).

After it is determined by the speed of filling the veins with blood, from the heart to the vessels. W. healthy man This process takes more than 25 s., And in a patient with varicose expansion - less than 10 s.

The method of venous plethysmography allows you to measure the amount of blood in the legs of the legs. The device is attached to the lower leg, and the cuffs are used to adjust the blood flow. If the veins are healthy, then their filtle is 2.5-5ml / 100 ml of fabric, if patients, then the blood flow is bleeding above for several indicators.

No less effective research - renowmography. It is the effect on the affected areas of high frequency current pulses, on the basis of the form of the curve, the nature of the lift and the descent is determined by varicose veins.

During the test, the patient falls on the couch, the lower limbs are disinfecting with alcohol, sensors are installed on the feet, and a series of synchronous waves is displayed. By the character of the image establishes the diagnosis.

Waltzalva technique

This test is called the famous Anatoma - A.M. Waltzalva, originally intended for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis. Today the test is used significantly wider.

Waltzalville test helps to determine in what condition is the Valve vehicle vehicle blood system. The huge advantage of the method is the high performance of the diagnostic survey.

How is the sample?

The patient quickly and deeply makes breaths and exhalations, closing alternately mouth and nose. After that, the performance indicators are measured vascular systemAnd on the basis of the data is made a conclusion about the state of the patient.

What are the indicators due to the Waltasalva technique:

• Clearance and diameter of veins;
• The magnitude of the thrombus in the vessels;
• Heart abbreviation frequency;
• Intravenous and intraarterial pressure.

Attention!

If you continue to sample Waltzalva for a long time, without controlling the doctor, then the blood volume that returns back will greatly decrease, which can lead to a decrease arterial pressure, loss of consciousness, up to the stop of the heart.

Contraindications to this method:

• Infectious diseases in the acute stage;
• High body temperature;
• Blood poisoning;
• Heart attack, stroke;
• Violation of the retina eye.

After the study, the specialist visually inspects the veins, proves patients, establishes a diagnosis. If the sample is positive, then the venous system of man is under threat. The doctor appoints adequate treatment, with the choice of integrated methods for the general condition of the patient.

In contrast to other methods for diagnosing, the Valsalvy sample allows you to determine deviations in the operation of the vessel valves, to identify the presence of thrombos in the early stages of the disease.

Human health is the main value in life, and therefore the earlier the disease will be detected, the higher the chances of its full elimination. Varicosis is not a sentence, but impetus to change the lifestyle, nutrition, refusal from bad habits.

I was going to Flebog for a long time, but leisurely. A suspicion called a small vascular mesh, designating on the inside of the lower leg. From the cosmetologist on this occasion I heard: "We can easily remove it with a laser." But before proceeding to the procedure, it became wondering what phlebologist will say on this subject. Just for comparison.

First, as usual, it was necessary to fill out a questionnaire, indicating a fair amount of information about yourself. This included: information about the preparations taken, including hormonal contraceptives, about fractures, flatfoot, pregnancy (former, planned or current), age, weight and bad habits. At the end it was necessary to specify the subject of concern. At the moment, the pains and swelling were not disturbed me, and was worried about the aesthetic side of the question.

About how phlebological research is carried out, I knew a little bit. Specifically - that any patient is shining the study of veins. Information on how long, painful (and maybe even bloody) this procedure, I did not have.

The beginning of the inspection turned out to be cheerful: without pants, standing on the couch, I need to present my legs for visual inspection. Then we started doppler - the very study of veins. It turned out to be very similar to the ultrasound: you lie on the back, sometimes at the command of the doctor delay your breath, and you hear the sound of our own blood in the speakers. The whole procedure allows you to measure the blood velocity flowing by veins, assess the state of the valves of large veins.

The first conclusion: the study of the vessels of vessels took about 10 minutes and turned out to be unstainless and painless.

While I was lying and did not digest the phrase: "The valve works great on the right leg," it turned out that we had the second part of the inspection: transylllumination, that is, the ships of the legs with a special lamp. It looks quite unorthodoxing: light turns off in the office, and no longer distracts us from contemplating the foot area highlighted with a reddish light beam. In this light spot, problem vessels are perfectly identified. It turned out that not everything was so smooth. If the right leg could be sent at least to the Olympic Games, then the left was lucky: varicose initial stage. And the main thing - the problems showed at all wrong in the place where the notorious vascular grid loomel, who encouraged me to visit the phlebologist.

Conclusion Second: Not all problems with vessels are noticeable to the naked eye.

Alas, the question arose on the agenda: "Did I bother to varicose?", Smoothly flowing into another: "What to do now?". We took discussion of these urgent problems with Dr. Igor Alexandrovich Tsarenko.

Probably, everyone who stands on the threshold of the disease expects to pay off her with prevention or radical change in lifestyle. For example, at the first signs of gastritis - rapidly go to oatmeal, and from bronchitis you can pay off, throwing smoking.

With varicose veins, everything is in principle differently. Whether I'm a fan of Zen, I would say that Varicose is the way. Simply put, if the disease began, then no preventive measures, no diet, sport, the use of vetonicons will no longer be able to block it. Varicose will develop. According to statistics, each fourth is enough for 11 years to pass the way from the beginning of the disease before disability - provided that he will not move with his finger to treat varicose varicose. Moreover, it is not so much varicose disease as its complication: thrombophlebitis, deep veins thrombosis, bleeding from varicose veins and the most irreparable - blockage pulmonary artery broken a thrombus.

Conclusion Third: If you do not do varicose veins in the early stages, the situation will only deteriorate. Necessarily.

In a word, the presence of varicose veins, even if at an early stage, does not leave space for maneuver. And from this point on, the throwing of patients who are trying to reconcile with the idea that the surgical operation is threatened in the heyday. Not everyone knows that there are non-operational methods of getting rid of varicose veins.

For example, such as sclerotherapy, allowing the "glue" with the help of special injections and thereby remove the affected veins from the game. This procedure, according to Igor Alexandrovich, can be performed even on a lunch break. The only circumstance complicating life: after the course of sclerotherapy for three weeks will have to wear compression linen.

Another thing is varicose disease in a launched form, requiring surgical intervention. But even in this case, an operation is possible that allows you to remove the vein through a very small cut.

One is lucky, not very different. The main reason for the appearance of varicose veins is a hereditary factor. But something depends on ourselves: we can bring the varicose veins with our own efforts. To do this, just perform a few simple actions:

• If you are an office worker - plunge in the chair in the morning and do not rise from it until the evening.
• Always sit on foot.
• If you have a "standing" profession - you should stand at work as inserted, without variables from foot to foot, without rolling from the heel on the sock.
• Attending the baths or saunas as often as possible.
• Big smoke.

And now seriously. It is quite difficult to conduct a lifestyle that would correspond to all preventive requirements: only standing by the sedentary work can be worse. Banal reception of hormonal contraceptives can have a negative impact on veins. Overweight does not lead to anything. Nevertheless: one-sole phlebological examination will either reveal the problem at an early stage, or will provide peace of mind and confidence that you are lucky with the vessels.

Alexandra Isotova

At first glance, there is nothing easier than to identify varicose veins of the lower extremities. A simple visual inspection of sick legs can accurately indicate the presence of this disease, it is enough just to look at the convex convulsions of the vein and the diagnosis will become clear. But this for understanding the picture in general and the formulation of accurate diagnosis is not enough.

Even a physician with extensive experience knows how to diagnose varicose veins without the use of modern methods will not be able to accurately identify the degree of damage to blood vessels or hips, which are deeper than superficial veins. They are not visible to the naked eye.

And for adequate and effective treatment It is important to give an accurate assessment of the state of the valves and perforate veins.

However primary diagnosis Varicosis of the lower extremities is visual inspection. At the same time, attention is drawn to abnormally convoluted veins, their density, the presence of thromboms, is given an assessment of the state of the skin epithelium, its colors, the degree of legume of the legs is set, if this takes place.

For diagnosis accuracy, it is necessary to establish which varicose veins. Distinguish primary and secondary.

The latter is formed as a result of the formation of post-terrboflectric syndrome. It is for this that it is necessary to determine the degree of maintenance of blood vessels not only those that are located on the surface, but also those that locate significantly deeper, as well as the state of venous valves.

Earlier for this purpose, the use of samples using a harness or bandage was widespread, although today in some medical institutions can be found this method Diagnostics, since it is simple and absolutely safe. Its essence is that a medical worker conducting a study imposes harness to the selected section of the lower limb and measures the blood of veins struck by varicose veins. There is a definite instruction for this.

When the harness is applied to the surface of the raised leg in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper part of the hip and the subsequent lowering, the level of treatment of blood vessels, which lie deep down, as well as the performance of the valves in perforate veins. When, after the imposition of the harness, the veins are moderately falling out believe that deeply located vessels have normal permeability.

However, if, after lowering the leg, the surface veins remain unchanged, it testifies to their obstruction due to the blockage of blood closures. In this case, thrombosis is diagnosed.

The presence or absence of valve pathologies (along the entire length of the leg) can be estimated if you leave the harness to leave a small not squeezed clearance, or it is also called the "window". When, when analyzing in the "window", the swift of the veins is recorded, this means in this area there are incorrectly operating valves or more precisely veins with deficiency of properly operating valves.

There are other methods of a similar character using a tightening vessel of the harness, but they are increasingly applied, since more accurate modern diagnostic techniques have appeared, which are much faster and with reliable accuracy are able to single out the pathology of blood vessels. Below are the most accessible and therefore often used in medicine.

Ultrasound and Doppler

At the moment, ultrasound examination is the main method of diagnosing varicose veins. The use of ultrasound waves, as the dopparmography gives to see a specialist state of vessels as it were in a cut.

The Doperography method itself gives an estimate of the intensity of the blood flow in both directions, the state of the valves of the veins of varying degrees, shows the level of their passability and the presence or absence of thrombophlebitis signs.

Safety The method of ultrasound diagnostics is in the first place, not only for varicose veins, but also for a number of other diseases. It does not require long preparation and examination takes quite a few time. Another advantage is available price.

Doppler images also use ultrasound to diagnose, while it turns out the degree of movement of the fluid in blood vessels or in other organs and tissues. Medicine has several varieties of dopplerography.

The main objects include the following:

1. Color Dopplenography Used to determine blood flow level in vessels. A color mapping appears on the monitor in red and blue colors depending on the direction of blood flow, as shown in the photo below.
2. Energy dopplerography - determines which speed the blood is moving along the veins, but does not give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe direction of flow. Also, color indicators are displayed to the monitor, depending on the speed. If the blood flows slowly the color will be red shades, with normal condition of blood flow on the vessel monitor is marked with bright yellow color. Similar words, this method allows you to know whether there is a blood flow in Vienna and what its intensity.
3. Impulse-wave doppler - as well as the previous method reveals the flow rate of blood in the veins, but has some differences in the principles of diagnostics;
4. Duplex doppler - combines two methods of doppler with the use of in-mode and color diagnostics;
5. Triplex doppler It can be said that this is the most universal diagnosis of varicose veins of this type, since it combines three species immediately described above and makes it possible to carry out the most complete and accurate diagnosis of the state of the venous system of lower extremities.

The video in this article describes these methods in more detail, we advise you to see it.

It should be noted the importance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of varicose veins. The main advantage is in non-invasiveness, that is, for the study it is not necessary to make any operational intervention, injections, the use of drug drugs or the introduction of probes.

Ultrasound diagnostics helps doctors determine the presence of fertilized vessels, and allows you to mark them with a special marker. It greatly contributes to the surgeon at operational treatment Quickly find damaged veins, which are supplied to the treatment of secondary varicose veins with post-terromboflectic syndrome.

Angiography

In this case, the research method uses x-rays to determine the state of the veins. At the same time B. blood vessels A special solution sensitive to X-ray radiation is introduced.

The picture obtains a contrast image of the venous system, which makes it possible to see in what condition are the vessels, as they are located, the nature of their lumen and the location of the thrombus, if any.

The angiography of the veins has its own name - phlebography. At the same time, the introduction of a radar-contrast substance in an affected varicose vein is used.

Since today ultrasound methods have been widespread x-ray studies Less common due to their complexity and health hazards.

Note! The most important drawback of phlebography is to be carried out in veins of substances that can cause allergic reactions, so for this study requires additional research on the subject of sensitivity to these contrast preparations.

For phlebography, you need a special direction of the attending physician, which is issued in the case when ultrasound diagnostic methods do not allow to identify the features of the functioning of the vascular system of the legs.

The diagnosis of varicose veins of the lower limbs is carried out with the help of a row of other methods used to identify rare pathologies and some complications in which ultrasound does not provide complete informativeness and therefore a number of additional research is required.

These include:

• three-dimensional computed tomography;
• plentymography;
• phleboscintigraphy;
• phlebomanometry and others.

The essence of the names of diagnostics are briefly described in the table.

Methods of diagnostics varicose:

The combination of techniques allows you to accurately identify varicose veins and its severity, which is important for treating treatment.

Methods for diagnosing varicose veins

A significant part of people underestimates such a problem as varicose veins. As a result of the lack of treatment, trophic ulcers are developing. Another category of people prefers to learn how to avoid varicose in all its manifestations with the least effort. For this you need a timely diagnosis of varicose varicose.

Causes of the disease

The main factor provoking the development of varicose veins is the hereditary weakening of the tone of the vascular wall. Secondary reasons:

• ascites;
• hormonal processes in early pregnancy;
• pressure on a small pelvis vessels in the late period of the baby tool;
• tumors abdominal cavity.

Varicose and its manifestation

In most cases, during the disease, patients feel the severity in the legs, swollen veins, burning and pain in lower limbs. A distinctive feature of symptoms is that the provoking factor protrudes exercise stress. As a rule, all uncomfortable sensations decrease partly or fully during walking or sleep. The main sign of the disease is the convulsive cuts of the calf muscles, as a rule, arising during sleep. The external manifestation of the disease - the patient may notice the expansion of subcutaneous veins, forming characteristic shiny stars on the legs. Progressive varicose veins provokes reduced nodule of the skin of the leg. Initially, there are places with an unnatural color, then the apparel of the skin is observed. They acquire the so-called lacquered look. In the middle of the painted place as a result of minor damage, a white plot is formed, visually similar to the influx of wax. This is white skin atrophy. Subsequently, a trophic ulcer is formed.

The importance of timely diagnosis of the disease

Education: First Moscow Medical Institute named after I. Schechenova Level of Education: Higher. Faculty: ...