Others medicinal forms: Eye ointment, pills.

Ampoules "Dexamethason" produces several manufacturers, moreover, there are synonyms:

• Decadron;
• Dexaven;
• Dexazone;
• Dexamesed;
• Dexafar;
• Deckon.

Price

The average price online * 197 p. (Packaging of 25 ampoules)

Where can one buy:

Instructions for use

"Dexamethasone" is a drug that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and also stops allergic attacks and skin itch. The medicine refers to the glucocorticoid group, therefore applies only to the appointment of the attending physician.

Description and properties

"Dexamethasone" is a hormonal means of a wide range of action. The drug has the following properties:

• effectively relieves inflammation;
• eliminates allergic reactions;
• has anti-shock action;
• normalizes water balance;
• participates in the synthesis of glycogen;
• supports glucose homeostasis;
• helps to establish sodium and potassium exchange;
• manifests immunosuppressive activity;
• removes itching (on the skin and mucous membranes).

The main component of the drug is dexamethasone, which powerfully affects the epicenter of the lesion, allowing you to quickly cope with even inflammatory processes of high intensity.

"Dexamethasone" for injection is produced in the form of a solution in ampoules volume 1 and 2 ml (25 ampoules per pack).

Therapeutic effect occurs:

• for intravenous administration - instantly (within 5-15 minutes);
• with intramuscular administration - after 8 hours.

The drug has long effectwhich reaches from 3 to 4 weeks (when introduced into the muscle) and from 3 days to 3 weeks at a topically used (introduction of a substance in the affected area).

Indications

"Dexamethasone" in the form of injections is commonly used in pronounced inflammatory processes, as well as allergic reactions to external stimuli (as a rule, in emergency cases).

Indications for the use of dexamethasone injections are:

• brain tumors, accompanied by the formation of edema;
• the head of the brain formed as a result of a cranial and brain injury or surgical intervention;
• bronchial asthma (in the aggravation stage);
• acute bronchitis;
• dysfunction (acute insufficiency) of adrenal cortex;
• shock state (including anaphylactic shock);
• therapy of lymphoma and leukemia of patients over 18 years old;
• leukemia (acute) in childhood patients;
• hypercalcemia on the background of oncological diseases (with the impossibility of oral use);
• the need for a diagnostic study of adrenal cortex;
• conjunctivitis and others eye diseases (if there is a risk of vision loss or its significant deterioration);
• fibrozno-compacted folliculitis;
• ring-shaped granule;
• sarcoidosis;
• strong attacks of allergies (extreme);
• the lesions of the joints, accompanied by inflammation of noncommunicable nature.

Method of application and dose

Dexamethasone - recipe hormonal drug injection shape Must prescribe and put a specialist. Self-treatment is fraught with consequences.

Dexamethasone before use can be dissolved with saline or glucose, while it is categorically forbidden to mix the drug with other drugs (in one syringe or a bottle for droppers).

The initial dosage for adult patients is 0.5-0.9 mg (administered intravenous or intramuscularly), after which the dosing mode is corrected if necessary.

In allergic diseases, the drug is injected intramuscularly in the first injection of 4-8 mg. Further treatment is preferable to carry out tablets.

Intravenous administration through the syringe is produced when emergency help is needed. Even in this case, the introduction of the drug should last a few minutes.

Intravenously preferable to introduce an infusion method (dropper). For infusion, an isotonic solution of sodium chloride or a 5% dextrose solution is used.

For the treatment of shock - in / at 20 mg in the first administration, then 3 mg / kg in 24 hours in the form of an infusion or in / in insertion - from 2 to 6 mg / kg in the form of one injection or 40 mg in the form of one-time injections appointed every 2-6 h; Perhaps in / in the introduction of 1 mg / kg once. Shock therapy should be canceled as soon as the patient's condition stabilizes, the usual duration of no more than 2-3 days.

When oncology:

With nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, an introduction to / at 8-20 mg is prescribed 5-15 minutes to chemotherapy session.

Dosing the drug at other methods of administration:

Important!

The drug in the joint area is entered only once, the subsequent introduction is allowed after 3-4 months. The total number of injections for the year (one joint) should not exceed 3-4 times, otherwise there is a risk of damage to cartilage tissue.

Dosing of the drug when used in children (only by intramuscular way)

Contraindications

Dexamethasone in injections is used short courses, however, there are certain limitations for its use, for example:

• osteoporosis;
• fungal and viral lesions of organs of vision, purulent infections of eyes, trachoma, glaucoma, corneal pathology (for use in ophthalmology);
• infectious diseases in the absence of treatment (viral, fungal and bacterial);
• lactation;
• cushing syndrome;
• idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (for injection into the muscle);
• rembossing of the components of the medication.

Caution should be used "dexamethasone" to persons having the following diagnoses:

• cirrhosis of the liver;
• hepatitis;
• renal impairment;
• psychosis.

Use during pregnancy and gv

Use during pregnancy is possible only on life indications. The drug penetrates through the placenta, the category of action on FDA - C (animal research revealed a negative impact on the fruit, proper research in pregnant women was not).

Unfortunately, sometimes there is a situation of threats to the patient's life, in this case there is no alternative. All glucocorticoids are related to C category C.

Side effects

When setting the injection of dexamethasone, the following was diagnosed unwanted consequences:

• redness of skin in the field of face and neck;
• convulsions;
• failures heart Rhythm;
• nervous excitability;
• feeling anxiety;
• violation of orientation in space;
• euphoria, hallucinations;
• cataract;
• glaucoma;
• raising intraocular pressure;
• local reactions (with local administration);
• burning and numbness at the injection site;
• loss of view.

Important! With long-term intra-articular administration, there is a risk of tendon rupture.

Other

The drug is sold according to the recipe. Shelf life - 2 years from the date of production. Store in the refrigerator or room temperature (not higher than 25 degrees).

MNN: Dexametanone

Manufacturer: Krka, D.D., Novo Place

Anatomy-therapeutic-chemical classification: DexameThasone.

Registration number in Kazakhstan: № RK-LS-5№003394

Registration period: 05.08.2016 - 05.08.2021

Instruction

Tradename

Dexametanone

International non-proprietary title

Dexametanone

Dosage form

Injection solution, 4 mg / ml

Structure

One ampoule contains

active substance - 4.37 mg phosphate sodium dexamethasone (equivalent to 4.00 mg phosphate dexamethane),

inspromational substances: Glycerin, Dinatari Edetat, sodium hydrophosphate dihydrate, water for injection.

Description

Transparent, colorless to light yellow solid

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Corticosteroids for system use. Glucocorticosteroids. Dexamethasone.

ATH code H02AB02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

After intravenous administration, the drug begins to act quickly, and after intramuscular administration, the clinical effect is achieved after 8 hours. The effect of the drug prolonged and continues from 17 to 28 days after intramuscular administration and from 3 days to 3 weeks after local application (in the area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion). Dose of dexamethasone 0.75 mg is equivalent to a dose of 4 mg of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone, 5 mg of prednisone and prednisolone, 20 mg of hydrocortisone and 25 mg of cortisone. In the blood plasma, about 77% of dexamethasone binds to blood plasma proteins, and mostly converted into albumin. Only the minimum amount of dexamethasone binds to non-albumin proteins. Dexamethasone is a fat soluble compound. The drug is initially metabolized in the liver. Small amounts of dexamethasone metabolized in the kidneys and other organs. The prevailing excretion occurs through the urine. The half-life (T1 \\ 2) is about 190 minutes.

Pharmacodynamics

Dexamethasone is a synthetic hormone of adrenal cortex (corticosteroid) with glucocorticoid effect. The preparation has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and desensitizing effect, has immunosuppressive activity.

To date, sufficient information about the mechanism of glucocorticoid mechanism is accumulated to imagine how they act at the cellular level. There are two clearly defined receptor systems detected in cytoplasm cells. Through glucocorticoid receptors, corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and regulate glucose homeostasis; By means of mineralocorticoid receptors, they regulate sodium and potassium metabolism, as well as aqueous and electrolyte balance.

Indications for use

Dexamethasone is administered intravenously or intramuscularly in acute cases Or with the impossibility of oral therapy:

replacement therapy for primary and secondary (pitpofizar) adrenal insufficiency

congenital hyperplasia of adrenal glands

subacute thyroiditis and hard forms of village-coolant thyroiditis

rheumatic fever

acute rheumlock

bubble, psoriasis, dermatitis (contact dermatitis with a lesion of a large skin surface, atopic, exfoliative, bullous herpetyform, seborrheic, etc.), eczema

toxidermy, toxic epidermal necroliz (Lylel syndrome)

malignant Exudative Erythema (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

allergic reactions to LS and food products

whey disease, Dosage Exanthema

urticaria, angioedema swelling

allergic rhinitis, pollinosis

diseases threatening vision loss (acute central chorioretinite, inflammation spectator nerve)

allergic conditions (conjunctivitis, uveit, sclert, keratitis, iris)

systemic immune diseases (sarcoidosis, temporal arteritis)

proliferative change in orbit (endocrine ophthalmopathy, pseudo-turn)

sympathetic ophthalmia

immunosuppressive therapy for corneal transplantation

The drug is used systemically or locally (in the form of subconjunctive, retrobulbar or parabulbar injections):

ulcerative colitis

crohn's disease

local enteritis

sarcoidosis (symptomatic)

acute toxic bronchiolitis

chronical bronchitis and asthma (exacerbation)

agranulocytosis, Päilyopathy, anemia (including autoimmune hemolytic, congenital hypoplastic, erythroblasting)

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purple

secondary thrombocytopenia in adults, lymphoma (Hodgkinskaya, Nevatzhkinskaya)

leukemia, lympholoikosis (acute, chronic)

diseases of kidney autoimmune genesis (incl. acute glomerulonephritis)

nephrotic syndrome

palliative therapy of leukemia and lymphoma in adults

acute leukemia in children

hypercalcemia with malignant neoplasms

the head of the brain due to primary tumors or metastases in the brain, due to craniotomy or head injuries.

Shock of various origins

shock not responding to standard therapy

shock in patients with adrenal insufficiency

anaphylactic shock (intravenously, after the introduction of adrenaline)

Other readings

Indications for intra-articular administration of dexamethasone or administration in soft fabrics:

rheumatoid arthritis (severe inflammation in a separate joint)

ankylosing spondylitis (when the inflamed joints do not mislead the standard therapy)

psoriatic arthritis (oligoarthicular defeat and tendosyovitis)

monoarthritis (after removal of intra-articular fluid)

osteoarthritis (only with exudate and synovitis)

emailing rheumatism (epicondylitis, tendineisitis, bursitis)

Local introduction (injections in the lesion center):

• hypertrophic, inflamed and infiltrated foci depriving, psoriasis, ring-shaped granules, sclerosing folliculite, discoomed lupus and skin sarcoidosis

  localized alopecia

Method of application and dose

Doses are established individually for each patient, depending on the nature of the disease, the expected duration of treatment, tolerance of corticosteroids and the patient's reaction to the therapy conductive.

Parenteral application

The injection solution is introduced intravenously or intramuscularly, as well as in the form of intravenous injections (with glucose or saline).

The recommended average initial daily dose with intravenous or intramuscular administration varies from 0.5 mg to 9 mg and, if necessary, more. The initial dose of dexamethasone must be applied until the clinical effect is reached; The dose is then gradually decreased to the minimum efficient. During the day, you can enter from 4 to 20 mg of dexamethasone 3-4 times. The duration of parenteral administration is usually 3-4 days, then transfer to the supporting therapy of the oral form of the drug.

Local administration

Recommended motherwise dose Dexamethasone for intra-articular administration ranges from 0.4 mg to 4 mg. Intrautic administration can be repeated in 3-4 months. Injections in the same joint can be carried out only 3-4 times in life, and it is impossible to make injections in more than two joints at the same time. More frequent administration of dexamethasone can lead to damage to intra-articular cartilage and bone necrosis. The dose depends on the size of the striking joint. The usual dose of dexamethasone is from 2 mg to 4 mg for large joints and from 0.8 mg to 1 mg for small joints.

The usual dose of dexamethasone for administration inside the articular bag is from 2 mg to 3 mg, for the introduction of the tendon in the vagina - from 0.4 mg to 1 mg, and for tendons - from 1 mg to 2 mg.

When administered to limited foci of lesions, the same doses of dexamethasone are used as for intra-articular administration. The drug can be administered simultaneously, the maximum, in two hearths.

Dosing in children

With intramuscular administration of the dose for replacement therapy is 0.02 mg / kg of body weight or 0.67 mg / m2 of the body surface area, which is divided into 3 injections with an interval of 2 days, or from 0.008 mg to 0.01 mg / kg of mass Body or from 0.2 mg to 0.3 mg / m2 body surface area daily. For other indications, the recommended dose is from 0.02 mg to 0.1 mg / kg of body weight or from 0.8 mg to 5 mg / m2 of the body surface area, every 12-24 hours.

Side effects

reduced glucose tolerance, "steroid" diabetes or manifestation of latent diabetes

itsenko-Cushing syndrome, increase in body weight

ikota, nausea, vomiting, raising or decreased appetite, flatulence, increase in the activity of "liver" transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, pancreatitis

"steroid" stomach ulcer and duodenal gut, erosive zoophagit, bleeding and perforation gastrointestinal tract

arrhythmias, bradycardia (up to the stop of the heart), development (in predisposed patients) or enhancing the severity of chronic heart failure, increase arterial pressure

hypercoagulation, thrombosis

delia, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manico- depressive psychosis, depression, paranoia

increase intracranial pressure, nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, headache, dizziness, cramps, vertigo

pseudo-turn cerebellum

sudden loss of vision (with parenteral administration it is possible to deposition of the crystals of the drug in the eye vessels), the rear subcapsular cataract, an increase in intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, trophic changes cornea, exophthalm, the development of secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections eye

negative nitrogen balance (increased disintegration of proteins), hyperlipoproteinemia

increased sweating

liquid delay and sodium (peripheral swelling), hyperkilimic syndrome (hypokalemia, arrhythmia, myalgia or muscle spasm, unusual weakness and fatigue)

slowdown in the growth and processes of ossification in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones)

elevated calcium removal, osteoporosis, pathological fractures of bones, aseptic necrosis of the head of the shoulder and femoral bone, tenders

"steroid" myopathy, muscle atrophy

slowed healing of wounds, a tendency to the development of pyodermia and candidiasis

petechia, ekkimoza, skin thinning, hyper- or hypopigmentation,

steroid acne

generalized and local allergic reactions

reducing immunity, development or aggravation of infections

leukocyturia

violation of the secretion of sex hormones (violation menstrual cycle, hirsutism, impotence, delay in sexual development in children

syndrome "Cancellation"

burning, numbness, pain, paresthesia and infections, necrosis of surrounding tissues, the formation of scars at the injection site, skin atrophy and subcutaneous tissue at intramuscular administration (the introduction into the deltoid muscle), arrhythmias, "tides" of blood to the face, convulsions (with intravenous administration), collapse (with rapid introduction of large doses)

Contraindications

increased sensitivity to active substance or auxiliary components of the drug

ulcerative disease Stomach and duodenum

osteoporosis

acute viral, bacterial and systemic fungal infections (when appropriate therapy does not apply)

cushing syndrome

pregnancy and lactation period

renal failure

liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis

acute psychosis

intramuscular administration is contraindicated in patients with severe hemostasis impairment (idiopathic thrombocytopenic

for use B. ophthalmological practice: viral I. fungal diseases eye

acute form of purulent eye infection in the absence of a specific

therapies, corneal diseases combined with epithelial defects, trachoma, glaucoma

active shape of tuberculosis

Medicinal interactions

The effectiveness of dexamethasone decreases while receiving rifampicin, carbamazepine, phenobarbiton, phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), prison, ephedrine or aminoglytetimide. Dexamethasone reduces therapeutic effect hypoglycimizing drugs, hypotensive drugs, prasikvantel and sodium; Dexamethasone increases activity heparin, albendazole and kaliuretikov. Dexamethasone can change the action antosverting drugs of the kumarine series.

Simultaneous use of dexamethasone and large doses glucocorticoids or agonists 2 receptorsincreases the risk of hypokalemia. Higher arrhythmogenicity and toxicity of cardiac glycosides are noted in patients suffering from hypokalemia.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives, the half-life of glucocorticoids may increase, which leads to an increase in their action and an increase in the number of side effects.

The simultaneous use of riteodine and dexamethasone in the period of generic activity is contraindicated, as this may lead to the death of the mother because of the eighty edema.

The simultaneous purpose of dexamethasone and methoclopramid, diphenhydraminamine, coolness of 5-HT3 receptors (serotonin or 5-hydroxitriptamine type 3), such as ondansetron or rippsome, effectively for the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy using cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracyl .

special instructions

Application in pediatrics

In children during long-term treatment, it is necessary to carefully monitor the dynamics of growth and development. In children during the growth period, glucocorticosteroids should be used only on life indications and under particularly careful observation of the doctor. To prevent violation of growth processes with long-term treatment of children under the age of 14, it is desirable every 3 days to make a 4-day break in treatment.

Children, during treatment in contact with sick cute, wind shelter, Specific immunoglobulins are prescribed.

With diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, arterial hypertension, thromboembolism, cardiac and renal failure, non-specific ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, recently educated intestinal anastomosis, apply dexamethasone is needed very carefully and subject to the possibility of adequate treatment of the underlying disease. If the patient has a history of psychosis, then the treatment of glucocorticosteroids is carried out only on life indications.

With a sudden abolition of the drug, especially in the case of high doses, it occurs, the abolition syndrome of glucocorticosteroids: anorexia, nausea, inhibition, generalized muscular and skeletal pains, total weakness. After the discharge of the drug for several months, the relative failure of the adrenal cortex may be maintained. If in this period there are stressful situations, temporarily glucocorticoids are prescribed, and, if necessary, mineralocorticoids.

Before the use of the drug, it is desirable to conduct a patient examination for the presence of ulcerative pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with predisposition to the development of this pathology must be appointed with the preventive purpose of antacid funds.

During treatment with the drug, the patient must adhere to a diet with rich in potassium, proteins, vitamins, with a reduced content of fats, carbohydrates and sodium.

If the patient has intercurent infections, the septic state treatment with dexamethasone must be combined with antibacterial therapy.

If the treatment of dexamethazone is carried out for 8 weeks to and 2 weeks after active immunization (vaccination), then in this case the effect of immunization will be reduced or completely neutralized.

Patients with heavy cranial injuries and violation of cerebral circulation on ischemic type Glucocorticoids are necessary with caution.

Features of influenceon the ability to manage vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Since dexamethasone can cause dizziness and headache, when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms, it is recommended to refrain from driving a car and control other potentially hazardous mechanisms.

Overdose

Symptoms: It is possible to aggravate side effects.

Treatment: cancel and assign symptomatic therapy. No specific antidote.

After the disappearance of symptoms of overdose, the reception is renewed.

Form release and packaging

1 ml into dark glass ampoules with a white point and a green ring for opening ampoules. A self-adhesive label is glued on the ampoule.

Dexamethasone is a drug belonging to the glucocorticosteroid group and is a hormonal agent.

It is widely used in medicine, in different areas. It produces in the form of a solution, which is used for injections intravenously, intramuscularly and for instillation in the conjunctival of the eyes.

On this page you will find all the information about Dexamethasone: full instructions As used to this drug, average prices in pharmacies, full and incomplete analogues of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used injections of dexamethasone. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and Pharmacological Group

GKS for injections.

Conditions of vacation from pharmacies

Recommended by a doctor's prescription.

Prices

How much is dexamethasone? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of 100 rubles.

Release form and composition

A medication solution that is sold in pharmacies in ampoules contains dexamethasone sodium phosphate. This active substance takes 4 or 8 mg.

The auxiliary components are glycerin, dihydrate dynatium phosphate, dynatory edctate and purified water to obtain a solution of the desired concentration. The dexamethasone solution for internal administration looks like a transparent colorless or yellowish liquid.

Pharmacological effect

Dexamethasone is a homolog of the hydrocortisone, hormone produced by the adrenal cortex.

It interacts with glucocorticoid receptors, regulates sodium, potassium metabolism, water balance and glucose homeostasis. Stimulates the production of enzyme proteins in the liver, acts on the synthesis of mediators of inflammation and allergies, oppress their education. As a result, the remedy provides anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunospressive, anti-shock effect.

When administered intramuscularly, therapeutic effect is observed after 8 hours, after intravenous infusion faster. The effect remains from 3 days to 3 weeks with the introduction locally, 17 to 28 days after administration by the intravenous method. Dexamethasone has a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. It is 35 times more efficient to cortisone.

What are they prescribed dexamethasone?

1. In case of gastrointestinal diseases: and ulcerative colitis.
2. With systemic diseases connective tissue: acute rheumokart; .
3. In endocrine disorders: the insufficiency of the bark of the adrenal glands and their congenital hyperplasia; Prostulating the shape of inflammation of the thyroid gland.
4. With rheumatic diseases: Bursit; ; psoriatic and gouty arthritis; osteoarthritis; Sinovit; nonspecifice tendosinitis; Ankylosing spondylitis; Accompanying osteoarthritis epicondylitis.
5. For allergic diseases: pin and atopic; asthmatic status; serum disease; Allergies to food and some medicines; angioedema edema; (seasonal or chronic); ; related to blood transfusion.
6. For skin diseases: severe multiform erythema; pemphigus; exfoliative, bullous herpesiform and severe seborrheic dermatitis; Fungoid mycosis; .
7. With eye diseases: neuritis of the optic nerve; symptomatic ophthalmia; Allergic corneal ulcers; keratitis; iridocyclitis; Irit; uveitis (front and rear); allergic forms.
8. For diseases respiratory tract: Lefeler Syndrome; ; Sarcoidosis of the 2nd-3 degree; aspiration pneumonia; Berilliosis.
9. For kidney diseases: impaired kidney function, associated with systemic red wolf deprived; Ideopatic nephrotic syndrome.
10. For malignant diseases: Leukemia (acute) in children; Lymphoma and leukemia in adults.
11. With a shock: non-treated with classical shock methods; anaphylactic shock; Shock in patients suffering from insufficiency of the adrenal gland bark.
12. In hematological diseases: Purple idiopathic thrombocytopenic; erythroblasting; anemia congenital hypoplastic; Autimmune hemolytic anemia; Thrombocytopenia secondary.
13. With other testimony: myocardial trichinosis; trichinosis with neurological signs; Tuberculous meningitis.

Contraindications

The use of dexamethasone is contraindicated to patients with increased sensitivity to the components of the drug.

The use of dexamethasone with pregnant and nursing women, as well as children should occur only to the appointment of a doctor after taking into account all possible risks.

Application during pregnancy and lactation

Dexamethasone in the form of tablets and drops during pregnancy and lactation is prohibited. If during breastfeeding There is a need for treating dexamethasone, the child is transferred to artificial mixtures.

Injections of dexamethasone during pregnancy are made only on life indications. For example, the drug can assign in the case when the immune system begins to perceive the embryo as foreign body. Dexamethasone suppresses immune activity, which makes it possible to eliminate the threat of miscarriage and preserve pregnancy.

Instructions for use

In the instructions for use, it is indicated that the dosing mode is individual and depends on the indications, the state of the patient and its reaction to therapy.

1. The drug is introduced into / in slowly inkjet or drip (with sharp and urgent states); per / m; Local (in pathological education) is also possible. In order to prepare a solution for in / in drip infusion, an isotonic solution of sodium chloride or a 5% solution of dextrose should be used.
2. In the acute period under various diseases and at the beginning of therapy, dexamethasone is used in higher doses. During the day, you can enter from 4 to 20 mg of dexamethasone 3-4 times.

Doses of the drug for children (in / m):

• The dose of the drug during substitution therapy (in case of insufficiency of adrenal cortex) is 0.0233 mg / kg of body weight or 0.67 mg / m2 of body surface area, divided by 3 doses, every 3rd day or 0.00776 - 0.01165 mg / kg body weight or 0.233 - 0.335 mg / m2 Body surface area daily. Under other indications, the recommended dose is from 0.02776 to 0.16665 mg / kg of body weight or 0.833 - 5 mg / m2 of the body surface area every 12-24 hours.
• When the effect is reached, the dose is reduced to supporting or before discontinuation. The duration of parenteral use is usually 3-4 days, then go to the supporting therapy with dexamethasone in tablets.

The long-term use of high doses of the drug requires a gradual reduction in the dose in order to prevent the development of acute insufficiency of adrenal cortex.

Side effects

Against the background of treatment with decxamethasone in the form of injections in patients, the following side effects may be developed:

1. From the side of the skin and mucous membranes: Slowed healing of wounds, petechia, ekkimosis, skin thinning, hyper- or hypopigmentation, steroid acne, strlicy, tendency to the development of pyodermia and candidiasis;
2. From the senses: rear subcapsular cataract, increase intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, tendency to the development of secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections, trophic changes of the cornea, exophthalm, sudden loss of vision (with parenteral administration in the head, neck, nasal shells, head It is possible to deposition of the drug crystals in the vessels of the eye);
3. From the metabolism: Increased calcium removal, hypocalcemia, body weight increase, negative nitrogenous balance (increased protein decay), high sweating. Conditioned by mineralocorticoid activity - fluid delay and sodium (peripheral edema), plasternatrhythmia, hypocalaminessindrome (hypokalemia, arrhythmia, myalgia or muscle spasm, unusual weakness and fatigue);
4. From the endocrine system: Reducing glucose tolerance, steroid diabetes mellitus or manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, oppression of adrenal functions, Izsenko-Cushing syndrome (moon-shaped face, hypophized obesity, hirsutism, enhancement of blood pressure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, muscle weakness, strry), penal delay in children;
5. From cardiovascular Systems: arrhythmias, bradycardia (up to a heart stop); Development (in predisposed patients) or strengthening the severity of heart failure, changes on the electrocardiogram characteristic of hypokalemia, an increase in blood pressure, hypercoagulation, thrombosis. In patients with sharp and subacted myocardial infarction - the spread of the focus of necrosis, slowing down the formation of scar tissue, which can lead to a rupture of the heart muscle;
6. From the musculoskeletal system: slowdown in the growth and processes of ossification in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones), osteoporosis (very rarely pathological bone fractures, the aseptic necrosis of the head of the shoulder and femur), the gap of the muscle tendons, steroid myopathy, reduced muscle mass (atrophy). Dexamethasone instructions for use;
7. From side nervous system : Delia, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manico-depressive psychosis, depression, paranoia, increase in intracranial pressure, nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, pseudogo cerebellum, headache, cramps.
8. From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, steroid ulcer of the stomach and duodenal intestine, erosive esophagitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation of the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, increase or decrease in appetite, digestion disruption, meteorism, okota. In rare cases - an increase in the activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase;

Overdose

With too active use of dexamethasone, overdose is possible for several weeks, which is manifested by the symptoms listed among side effects.

Treatment is made according to the factors manifested, is to reduce the dose or temporary cancellation of the drug. With overdose there is no special antidote, hemodialysis is not effective.

special instructions

1. Patients with deviations in the work of the liver decxamethasone are prescribed with special caution.
2. In order to reduce the risk of developing side effects, the patient must comply with the diet with increased content potassium. Food should be rich in proteins, carbohydrate and salt consumption should be slightly reduced.
3. During the treatment period, dexamethasone patients should constantly monitor the indicators of blood pressure, the condition of the organs of vision, water-electrolyte balance and clinical picture of the blood.
4. Treatment with the drug should not be discontinued, since in this case the risk of cancellation syndrome - a state, which is accompanied by an increase in the primary symptoms of the disease and the oppression of adrenal functions.
5. Patients with diabetes should constantly monitor the level of glucose in the blood and, if necessary, adjust daily dose Hypoglycemic drugs.
6. When using the drug in pediatric practice, it should be closely following the child's growth dynamics, since the long-term use of the drug in large doses can lead to the oppression of the patient's growth.

Medicinal interaction

The instructions for the use of dexamethasone allocates the following drug interactions:

1. The ability to strengthen the effect of antibiotics;
2. Phenobarbital, ephedrine reduce the effectiveness of the means;
3. Reception with other glucocorticosteroids leads to increasing risk of hypokalemia;
4. When used with oral contraceptives, the half-life of dexamethasone increases;
5. Ryodrin is forbidden to apply simultaneously with the drug under consideration due to the risk of fatal outcome;
6. Dexamethasone reduces the effectiveness of hypoglycemic, antoslude, antihypertensive medicines;
7. for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy, it is recommended to use at the same time dexamteiazone and metoclopramide, diphenhydramine, oklorperazine, ondannetron, rhineetron.

For the treatment of many diseases sometimes apply hormonal drugs. They are synthetic analogues of hormones produced by adrenal glands. Typically, such drugs are easily associated with proteins and penetrate into the cells, therefore, they quickly remove inflammation, pain, swelling, allergic reactions. One of the most common means that is used in emergency cases or in the composition complex therapyIs the drug dexamethasone. Its effectiveness is much higher than in some other hormonal means, and a low price makes treatment accessible to each patient. Despite the presence of a plurality of side effects, the injections of dexamethasone are used often, as they can significantly improve the condition of the patient or even save his life.

Total characteristic of the drug

Dexamethasone refers to the group of glucocorticoid drugs. This is a synthetic hormone of adrenal cortex. International non-specific name (Briefly MNN) His "dexamethasone", but you can purchase a medicine with such a composition called Dexazone, Metasic, MaxiDex. These are all means from the glucocorticoid group. They are used in many pathologies, as they affect the organism at the cellular level.

Dexamethasone is the most popular tool from this group. The benefits of its relatives include a low price, a wide range of applications, the ability to use in the complex treatment of many diseases. In addition, its effectiveness is higher than from Cortisone 30 times. It costs this medicine cheap, the packaging price ranges from 35 to 100 rubles, depending on the form of release and dosage.

This drug is produced in ampoules, tablets and eye drops. In addition, it is added to some complex drugs for indoor and outdoor use. A solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration contains dexamethasone sodium phosphate, glycerin, phosphate diodriatium and water for injection.

Dexamethasone in ampoules

Dexamethasone injections are made in cases where for some reason it is impossible to use tablets. Usually this heavy conditions, severe pains, serious allergic reactions. Injections are made no longer than 3-5 days, then if necessary, go to oral administration.

Dexamethasone is injected intravenously or intramuscularly. It depends on the age of the patient and the severity of its condition. It is very important that the use of this drug passes under the supervision of a doctor, as it is possible to develop serious side effects. Therefore, this medicine is sold in pharmacies only by recipe.

Dexamethasone is packaged in 1 ml ampoules. The solution is usually transparent, slightly yellowish. Each ampoule is 4 mg of the active substance. Packaging includes 10 or 20 ampoules embedded in contour cells, as well as instructions for use. Each ampoule usually has a sticker with the title. Sometimes they have a point or ring denoting the place of the break. Otherwise, a scarifier is attached to the packaging to laminating the tip of the ampoule.

Store dexamethasone is required in place inaccessible for children. This is not necessarily a refrigerator, the main thing is that the temperature does not exceed 25 degrees, but it is impossible to freeze the drug too. It is necessary to protect the solution from the effects of sun rays, so the ampoules should always be in a closed packaging. After opening, the storage solution is not subject to, it is impossible to use it anymore.

Important: It is also impossible to apply the drug that has an expiration date, tightness or storage conditions have been broken.

What action is rendered

The use of dexamethasone injections is justified with many diseases. It is prescribed when other therapy turns out to be ineffective. This glucocorticoid is a popular tool due to strong anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and anti-shock action. In addition, it has the ability to remove allergic reactions, activate metabolic processes and reduce the abnormal activity of the immune system.

Frequently applies dexamethasone in ampoules, it is usually injected intramuscularly or intravenously

The effect of the drug at intramuscular administration occurs after 6-8 hours, so in emergency cases is usually administered intravenously. And if it is impossible to use the drug orally, it is injected into soft tissues. With this method of admission to the body active substance Quickly reacts with proteins of cell receptors, which allows it to penetrate the kernel inside.

It turns out that the effect of the drug is manifested at the cellular level. This explains its effectiveness in many pathological conditions. Dexamethasone is able to adjust exchange processes. It oppresses the production of some enzymes that can slow down the metabolism or accelerate the splitting of proteins. Due to this, the state of cartilage tissue and bones is improved.

In addition, the use of dexamethasone reduces the activity of leukocytes and the immune system. This helps to reduce the inflammatory process in autoimmune pathologies. And thanks to a decrease in vessel permeability, this medicine prevents the spread of inflammation.

Indications for use

The injections of this drug are used only on life indications usually after another treatment has been tried, which turned out to be unsolved. Claims of dexamethasone doctors "ambulance" at a shock state, impaired adrenal operations, rapidly increasing brain edema, for example, after a crank-brain injury.

The testimony for such treatment includes brain tumors, meningitis, radiation damage. Apply drug after injuries, surgical operations, with tumors, allergies or inflammatory diseases of the joints.

Artician pathology

The main indications of the use of dexamethasone are various articular diseases. Glucocorticoids quickly remove the inflammatory process and pain, so they are often prescribed when ordinary therapy does not bring positive results. And dexamethasone acts more efficiently than other drugs, so sometimes one injection is enough.

This drug improves the condition of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis, diseases of Bekhtereva, sclerodermia, systemic red lolly, psoriasis. It accelerates recovery in various inflammatory diseases, for example, when ferursite, polyarthritis, epipidyl or synotte.

ATTENTION: Usually intramuscularly introduced it, but sometimes injections are made directly to the affected joint. In this case, you can repeat the injection only after 3 months. And you can enter from 0.4 to 4 mg.

Unacceptable long use Such injections or excess of the recommended dose. The active ingredient of this drug can negatively affect the state of cartilage tissues and even cause a weakening or breaking of tendons. Therefore, with such pathologies as osteoarthritis or osteochondrosis, it is rarely used and only under the supervision of a doctor.

Allergic reactions

Do not everyone know what dexamethasone prescribe, but many people suffering from allergies are familiar with him. This is one of the most common pathologies now. Typically, the correct behavior and the use of prescribed drugs makes it possible to normalize the state. But sometimes there are strong allergic reactions that can threaten health or even the life of the patient. Often in such cases, ordinary funds do not help remove strong edema or itching, so they are prescribed dexamethasone. It is able to quickly remove all the symptoms of allergies.

This drug is used most often in emergency cases: in the swelling of the quinque, angioedema edema or anaphylactic shock. But its use is also shown severe course Urban, dermatitis, eczema, conjunctivitis, half aulinosis. Usually, with these pathologies, it is recommended to prick dexamethasone for 4-8 mg 1-2 days. After removing acute symptoms, it is better to go to the use of tablets.

Diseases of the respiratory system

This drug penetrates the bronchi and light, quickly removing swelling and inflammatory process. Therefore, it is often used in severe pathologies of respiratory organs, except for infectious. Effective dexamethasone with asthmatic status, bronchial asthma or obstructive bronchitis. It significantly improves the patient's condition.

Such injections are used in emergency cases, for example, with a swelling of a quinque or bronchial asthma

This drug is especially used with similar pathologies. childhoodSince kids develop swells rapidly and respiratory function can be broken. Even acute laryngotrachite can give such complications, therefore, the composition of complex treatment includes glucocorticoid injections.

Contraindications

When appointing anyone medicinal preparation It is necessarily taken into account the presence of contraindications. This is especially important about dexamethasone. There are many pathologies in which it is impossible to apply the drug, as this may lead to the development of serious side effects.

ATTENTION: Such injections are not prescribed with some pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. Dexamethasone can slow down the processes of regeneration, as well as destroy the cartilage and bone tissue. High concentration of it in the blood leads to the washing of calcium from the bones. Therefore, it is contraindicated to apply it during osteoporosis, the severe form of osteoarthrosis, after fractures.

It is very important not to apply such a medicine at various infectious diseases. Dexamethasone has an immunosuppressive effect, that is, inhibits immunity. If there are viruses, bacteria or fungi in the body, they begin to multiply quickly. Therefore, there are no such injections for tuberculosis.

In addition, such pathologies include contraindications:

• diabetes;
• stomach ulcer;
• heart attack;
• the presence of bleeding;
• psyche disorders;
• renal or liver failure;
• individual increased sensitivity to the drug.

Side effects

Instructions for use necessarily warns of possible side effects. Dexamethasone penetrates the cells and changes the metabolic processes. When using it in large doses, the immune system is oppressed, violation fat Exchange, Washing out calcium from bone tissue and accumulating fluid in the intercellular space. Because of this, a person after a course of such therapy may develop serious infectious diseases, edema appear, fat deposits accumulate and the risk of fractures increases.

This drug has a lot of side effects, so it is trying to prescribe it in the lowest possible doses. But still, many patients after the course of dexamethazone injections are developing such pathologies:

• depression, hallucinations;
• an increase in blood pressure;
• ulcer of the stomach, pancreatitis;
• violation of blood composition;
• insomnia;
• impairment of the heart;
• impotence;
• dermatitis, urticaria;
• slow healing of wounds;
• convulsions;
• reduction of vision, cataract;
• muscle weakness.

Negative phenomena appear also at the injection site. It is often felt by pain, burning or numbness, a hematoma or a bump is formed. On the spot of the injection, the scar may appear, and skin covers are atrophy.

Instructions for use of injections

Injection application glucocorticoids are possible only under the supervision of the doctor. In addition, the correct dosage is very important, there are certain rules for the introduction of such drugs. The main thing, dexamethasone needs to be introduced very slowly. Intravenous injections are better carried out in the form of a dropper. For this, the solution is diluted with glucose or sodium chloride. But with other drugs in one syringe mix this tool is prohibited.

It is desirable that the injection is done by a medical worker

But injections intramuscularly also need to do very slowly. With the rapid administration of the drug, it is possible to increase blood pressure and impairment of the heart.

Usually, the course of use of injections is 3-5 days. But it is not recommended to drastically discontinue treatment. Dexamethasone often leads to the development of cancellation syndrome, when the patient's condition of the patient is worsening after stopping the receipt of the medication into the body. Therefore, after the course of injections go to oral application drug. Moreover, its dosage gradually decreases under the guidance of the doctor.

Important: Prolonged use of glucocorticoids sometimes causes insufficiency of adrenal functions, which can manifest itself after a while after treatment.

In addition, large doses of dexamethasone lead to strong losses of potassium, which negatively affects the work of the heart muscle. It is also possible to develop mental disorders, so it is sometimes recommended to introduce the necessary dose once a day in the morning.

Proper dosage

In order for the treatment of dexamethasone to be effective, but the possibility of appearing side effects decreased, it is important to introduce it in certain doses, which are usually determined individually, depending on the age of the patient, the severity of its condition and the presence of chronic pathologies. Adult patients at once are administered from 4 to 20 mg. Sometimes one injection is enough, since the effect of the drug is felt up to 3 weeks. But in severe cases, they make 3-4 injections per day. The maximum dosage per day is 80 mg.

The dosage of the dexamethasone solution depends not only on the individual characteristics of the patient, but also on the purpose of use. For example, at the edema of the brain, 16 mg of the drug is first introduced, the following injection is carried out after 6 hours, but already 5 mg. In such a dosage, injections are made every 6 hours.

Application during pregnancy

Any medicine for women during a child tooling can be applied only according to the testimony of the doctor. And the dexamethasone solution easily penetrates through the placental barrier, as it acts at the cellular level. Therefore, the drug can negatively influence the child who has not yet born, causing various violations in its development. Then the baby may develop adrenal dysfunction.

This drug is used only when the state of a woman is severe and benefit from such treatment exceeds the risk of side effects.

Features of applications in children

Apply this tool from birth. Children make only intramuscular injections strictly according to the testimony of the doctor. The dosage at the same time should be calculated very carefully to prevent the appearance of side effects. Depending on the severity of the state, 0.2 to 0.4 mg is injected per kg of the child's weight. This is a daily dose that can be divided into 3-4 applications. It is advisable to use the minimum possible dosage and the duration of treatment.

Medicinal interaction

Usually dexamethasone is used as part of a comprehensive treatment. But it is very important to take into account its compatibility with other medicines. Some of them can reduce the efficiency of the drug or increase the risk of development. side effects. It is unacceptable to engage in self-medication and you need to warn your doctor before the start of treatment about the medications taken.

It is impossible to take the drug in conjunction with other glucocorticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory means. The risk of severe side effects also increases when using it together with contraceptives or ritodrine.

conclusions

A solution of dexamethasone for injection is a fairly common means of treating various emergency states. Despite the possibility of the appearance of side effects, this drug is used quite often. But it is necessary to be prescribed by the doctor. The dosage is also selected individually. Failure to comply with medical recommendations during therapy may result in serious consequences.

Video on the topic

For the treatment of many inflammatory processes of acute or chronic nature, injections of intramuscularly "dexamethasone" are often prescribed. Instructions for the use of this drug and will be described in this article.

What is this medicine? What are the injections of "dexamethasone" prescribe? How should they be used to achieve the best result? Are the injections of "dexamethasone" prescribe? The instructions for use of this drug responds in detail on all these issues. Also, we learn from the article if it is possible to use a means for the treatment of pregnant and nursing moms. And, of course, you will get acquainted with numerous reviews about the "dexamethasone" injections, the instructions for the use of which are very interested in our compatriots.

What is a drug

Before you know what "dexamethasone" injections help, it is necessary to determine what is the active substance of the drug.

Dexamethasone is a synthetic hormonal substance derived from fluoroprednisolone. The form of the release of glucocorticosteroid is a solution for injection, which can be used as injections intravenously, intramuscularly and even as drops in the eye with conjunctivitis. How to use a tool with a different disease, only the attending physician appoints. Below we will discuss the instructions for the use of dexamethasone injections intramuscularly for adults and children.

Briefly about the composition

Most often "dexamethasone" is produced by the manufacturer in glass ampoules one or two millilita. The solution itself is a transparent liquid (less often with a yellowish tint) without a certain smell.

What is part of each ampoule of one milliliter? First of all, the active substance. It in solution is four milligrams. Then - auxiliary components. It is sodium chloride, and Dinatari Edetat, and Glycerin, and even purified water.

Due to its composition, the drug has pretty wide spectrum actions. It is used as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-allergic and even antisoke. This is explained in the instructions for "dexamethane". The price of injections will be discussed below.

How affects the body

Due to which this effect is achieved from the application of the action of "dexamethasone" injections is due to its special composition and method of administration. For example, with intravenous injections, the tool has a practically instantaneous effect. If you enter the drug in the muscle, the effect will come only eight hours later.

What happens when a synthetic hormone enters the human body? He immediately begins to react with cytoplasmic receptors that are practically in all tissues, especially in such an organ as a liver. Peeping into the kernel of membrane cells, the active substance oppresses the phospholipase enzyme and activates the main metabolic processes. Dexamethasone improves protein exchange due to the decrease in globulins in the blood plasma and increase the number of albumin in the kidneys and liver. Due to increasing the synthesis of fatty acids and the redistribution of fat normalizes lipid exchange. Also, the active ingredient has a beneficial effect on carbohydrate exchange, improving the absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal bodies and accelerating the admission of glucose from the liver in blood system. Moreover, the drug regulates the water-electrolyte exchange, delaying water and sodium in the body, as well as stimulating potassium elimination.

And how is the anti-inflammatory effect from the use of the drug? The active substance suppresses the release reduces the permeability of capillaries, increases the protective function of cell membranes at various damaging factors, reduces the amount of fat cells responsible for the production of hyaluronic acid.

As an immunosuppressant, the drug is involved due to its effect on lymphoid fabric, oppression of the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, reducing the formation of antibodies.

Also, the hormonal remedy is able to influence the synthesis and secretion of allergy mediators, lowering it. Also, the active ingredient is responsible for reducing the number of basophils and fat cells, the oppression of antibody formation, change protective reaction organism.

How is excreted from the body

Dexamethasone, thanks to a merger with sulfur and glucuronic acids, is metabolized in such an organ as a liver. Later excreted from the body kidneys, less often lactating glands.

In which cases use the drug?

Diseases and their conditions

What helps "dexamethasone"? Crosses can be appointed with such severe and serious illnesses as:

• Diseases of the endocrine system. These include pathological processes of adrenal cortex, staging of thyroiditis.
• Patient shock states various etiology (burns, operations, injuries, intoxication). However, the drug is prescribed only in the event of the ineffectiveness of specially therapy, which includes vasoconstrictors, plasma-substituting and other means.
• Brain swelling, provoked by a brain tumor, hemorrhages, injuries, encephalitis, neurosurgical intervention, meningitis.
• Astmatic manifestations. In this case, the testimony to the use of "dexamethasone" injections are asthma exacerbations, severe bronchospasms, obstructive bronchitis of chronic type.

• Allergic heaving reactions.
• Rheumatic diseases, diseases of the joints.
• Malignant neoplasms, including leukemia and lymphoma in adults and leukemia in children, cancer education, especially if oral therapy is impossible.
• Severe complicated infections (in a complex with antibacterial agents).
• When still assign injections "dexamethasone"? Indications can serve as ophthalmic diseases, such as keratitis, irrit, allergic conjunctivitis, iridocyclite, sclert, blepharitis and other inflammation after injury or surgery, and after surgical corneal transplantation.
• Multiple sclerosis.
• Dermatosis of heavy shape (psoriasis, eczema).
• Acute forms of anemia.

Most often, the drug is used briefly according to life indications, that is, when urgent drug intervention is necessary for the salvation of human life. After the "dexamethasone" injections, a long-term improvement in the state occurs, the duration of which (in the chronic course of the disease) can reach from three days to three weeks.

When you can not accept the tool

Despite the impressive number of indications, there are many situations when the drug is better not to be appointed, especially considering its hormonal composition. With great care, it is necessary to use the tool in the treatment of people, in the history of which such diseases are recorded:

• gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, stomach ulcers, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis and so on);

It is worth mentioning that the aids listed above are not one hundred percent contraindications of "dexamethasone". If we are talking about salvation of life, then injections are defined, unless, of course, the patient does not have individual intolerance to the main component.

Why do such a number of contraindications exist? The fact is that the synthetic hormone has not only positive, but also bad influence on the human body. What? This can be read below.

Negative impact

According to reviews, the "dexamethasone" injections are able to coal the immune system, which increases the risk of development heavy infections and malignant neoplasms. Also, the hormone slows down the formation of bone tissues, which negatively affects calcium absorption. Due to the fact that the active substance of the drug redesters lipids, the fat deposits in the abdomen and neck are beginning to form.

How to use "dexamethasone" to achieve the best result?

General instructions for use

According to the instructions, the "dexamethasone" injections can be prescribed both adults and children with one year. If you use a hormone intravenously, it is best to pre-mix it with glucose or saline. Also, doctors may appoint a prick of the drug intramuscularly. What is the dosage of "dexamethasone"?

Pricks prescribe three or four times a day for four to twenty milligram at a time. The main thing is that the daily rate does not exceed eighty milligram drugs. In some cases, when it comes to the patient's life, this dosage can be increased. However, only the attending physician should increase (or lower) the rate of reception of the hormone.

How long should I use an injection solution? The optimal course of treatment, according to the recommendations of specialists, should not exceed three to four days. If the drug helps, and it is necessary to continue treatment, then doctors can assign "dexamethasone" in tablets. As it improves, the received daily rate should be reduced to the minimum. Only a doctor has the right to cancel the tool.

When the solution is introduced into the muscle, the procedure must be carried out carefully and slowly, otherwise it is possible to provoke the development of various complications. This often mentions patients and medical sisters in their reviews about the drug "Dexamethasone".

As prescribed children

Dexamethasone can be administered to the kids from one year, but the dosage and reception schedule appoints only the attending physician. In the instructions for the use of the drug, general data are indicated, on the basis of which a specialist takes a deliberate qualified decision.

The dosage that the manufacturer offers is varies between 0.02776 and 0.16665 milligrams per kilogram of the weight of a small patient. The solution is designed in this way, it is necessary to introduce intramuscularly every 12 or 24 hours. If we are talking about the pathology of the adrenal glands, then the guys prescribe a lower dosage. Its daily dose varies between 0.00776 and 0.01165 milligrams per kilogram of weight. There is another option to introduce a solution into the muscle. According to this recommendation, it is necessary to divide by three times the daily dose of the drug (0.0233 milligram per kilogram of weight) and introduce a hormone every two days on the third.

It is clear that accurate dosage It is calculated not only on the basis of the mass of the body of a small patient, but also its age, as well as the severity of the disease.

But how to take "dexamethasone" for the treatment of specific diseases? This information can be found in annotations to the drug.

How to treat alerts caused by edema brain

Drug therapy for the form of pathology includes the use of "dexamethasone" injections. The remedy is prescribed from five to sixteen milligrams one-time, then the drug is introduced into the muscle of five milligrams, observing frequency at six o'clock. This treatment continues to improving the patient's well-being.

If it is necessary to carry out an operation on the brain, then the hormone is injected within a few days after surgery.

Sick joints and synthetic hormone

In this case, the treatment "dexamethazone" is prescribed only when other methods of treatment were tried, but they did not give a tangible result. Injections are injected slowly, sometimes the doctor may assign the introduction of the drug not only in the muscle, but also to the joint itself.

Most often, such therapy is prescribed with serious pathological diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, stylla sick or behterev, synotic, bursitis, lupus, polyarthritis, sclerodermia (complicated joint lesion), etc.

What is the dose of the injected drug? It is clear that in each situation the doctor prescribes a dosage individually, based on data such as the age and weight of the patient, as well as the nemittingness. The estimated norm of the administered drug varies between 0.4 and 4 milligrams of funds. For example, only 0.8 or 1 milligrams will be used to treat small in size sizes. While for a large joint, the dose increases from two to four milligram.

If there is a need for injection into tendon, then one or two milligrams "dexamethasone" use. If the drug is introduced into a synovial bag, then the dose can slightly increase (from two to three milligrams).

How often should procedures need to be carried out? Improve the drug should be unite, with a break in three or four months. If you use the tool more often or increase the dosage, then this is fraught with serious disorders. For example, a cartilage cloth may be damaged or tendon breaks.

Allergic reactions and drug treatment

Of course, ordinary allergies are treated with antihistamine. However, if inflammatory processes Do not reduce and ordinary drugs do not help, can be appointed "dexamethasone". Most often, he is attributed to the attending physician with such serious pathologies, like eczema, swelling of quinqu, urticaria, angioedema edema on face or neck, anaphylactic shock, severe inflammatory processes in nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Future and nursing mothers

How to use "dexamethasone" injections during pregnancy? As mentioned above, the child's waiting period is a contraindication for the use of the drug. This is due to the fact that the active ingredient can penetrate through any barriers in the human body (including through the placenta), that is, it is capable of a negative effect on the fetus. On the other hand, the attending physician may consider the appointment of pregnant Ukrainians "dexamethasone" justified when the benefit for the life and health of the mother exceeds the possible risk for the embryo. Whatever it was, the decision is made by a specialist individually in each case.

How can a hormone influence the future kid? For example, long-term use of the drug entails violations in the growth of the embryo. If you use the means during the third trimester, it can provoke the pathology of the adrenal glands from the fetus, as a result of which it will take serious replacement therapy in the kid in the future.

Is it possible to use the drug with nursing moms? The answer is unequivocal - no! If there is a need to treat a woman, nursing baby breasts, then she needs to translate the baby to artificial feeding. Many women, according to reviews, just so did. Some during the reception of the drug suspended breastfeedingAnd then, a week after the cancellation of the funds, lactation resumed.

Anyway, deciding, to take "dexamethasone" pregnant and nursing mommies or not, it should be borne in mind that the drug may cause serious deviations from the baby (inhibition in growth and development, congenital and acquired vices, anomalous formation of the limbs and baby's heads).

A few words about side effects

Naturally, such a serious drug has a large number of side effects that should be remembered during the treatment period. So, what signs should alert you? The following are negative reactions of the body, most often:

• Skin rashes (dermatitis, urticaria).
• High blood pressure, Encephalopathy.
• Heartbeat, heart failure (up to heart stop).
• Violations. Cataract and glaucoma may also be provoked, as well as the development of infectious eye diseases.
• Nearness, manifested in insomnia, depressions, mood drop.
• Mental disorders. Most often there are schizophrenia, paranoia, hallucinations.
• Dizziness, cramps.
• Stomach pain, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and icota. An unwanted consequences are possible in the form of a stomach ulcers, bleeding in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the pathologies of the gallbladder, pancreatitis.
• Pain in the joints and bones. As a consequence, weakness in the muscles, osteoporosis, bone necrosis, damage to the cartilage in the joints, tearing tendons.
• Weakening of libido, impotence.
• Violation of the menstrual cycle.
• Elevated appetiteAs a result, an increase in body weight.
• Enhanced sweating.
• Slow healing of ordinary wounds and abrasion.
• The place of injection may be hurting for a long time or, on the contrary, become insensitive. The formation of coarse scars on the place of the hole from the injection.
• Abundant bleeding from the nose.

According to the reviews of patients and doctors, most often such negative symptoms are found against the background of the improper use of "dexamethasone". Anyway, the patient needs to listen carefully to his well-being and at the first signs of the manifestation of side effects immediately report them to the attending physician. If the dose is not corrected or does not stop using the drug, then it is possible to aggravate the position, right up to death.

According to the annotation to the drug, completing the course of treatment should be gradually not to cause cancellation syndrome. In rare cases, the refusal of "dexamethasone" can be accompanied by an increase in body temperature, headaches and pain in muscles, irritability.

Prolonged use of the medication should be carried out under the closer supervision of the attending physician, controlling the level of hormones and blood sugar.

Interaction with other pharmacological means

It is very important to pay attention to drugs that the patient takes along with the "dexamethasone", since the combination of this drug with others can reduce the effectiveness of treatment or lead to unpredictable consequences.

For example, the sharing of the drug you are interested in with such substances as phenytoin, ephedrine, theophylline, phenobarbital lowers the concentration of "dexamethasone", and therefore reduces its effectiveness. On the other hand, the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone enhances the effect of the drug of interest to us in the human body.

Here is a list of other consequences from the use of synthetic hormone with other drugs:

• Diuretics enhance the process of eliminating potassium, thereby contributing to the development of heart failure.
• Sodium-based funds can provoke the development of edema and increase pressure.
• Heart glycosides. Their joint admission with "dexamethasone" increases the risk of developing the extrasystole of ventricles.
• Ethanol, alcohol. The risk of developing ulcer neoplasms in the gastrointestinal bodies and the occurrence of bleeding is increasing.
• Insulin and other hypoglycemic agents. Due to the joint admission with "dexamethasone" decreases efficiency.
• Vitamin D. reduces its impact on the body.
• Vitamin C. "Dexamethasone" speeds up the process of removal of acetylsalicylic acid.
• Paracetamol-based means. The result of joint admission of two drugs may be intocicating the body.
• Anticoagulants and thrombolytics. It may increase the risk of ulcers and bleeding.
• Indomethacin-based preparations increase the number and severity of side effects from the use of "dexamethasone". It may also refer to drugs acting in the components of which are ketoconazole and cyclosporine.
• Neuroleptics, as well as azathioprin, increase the risk of cataracts.

Read more about the interaction of this drug with others medical means You can learn at the reception at a specialist.

What can be said about the cost?

Many are interested in the price of "dexamethasone". Depending on the manufacturer and the pharmacy network, the injections are from two hundred to three hundred rubles per pack. According to many patients, it is inexpensive, since in one packaging of the drug there are 25 ampoules (four milligrams each).

Premier preparations

In the event that Dexamethasone causes serious side effects, the drug can be replaced by another. Most often assign such analogues of the medicine as "dexaven", "Deckon", "Dexafar", "Decamed" and others.

Opinions of real patients

What do people who use this drug in their treatment? Many argue that they encountered such negative consequences after therapy as an increase in body weight, skin rash, shortness of breath and some others. However, some succeeded in the fight against overweight very simple - he left a few weeks after the end of treatment.

However, not everyone felt the negative impact of "dexamethasone". Most often, people, exactly those who comply with the recommendations of the doctor, have moved well therapy and have been satisfied with the effectiveness of the medication. True, many recognize that the tool leaves behind painful feelings In the field of solution of solution.

Also like many people like the drug is able to render fast action For a disease. However, its aggressiveness is alarming many patients. Therefore, before proceeding with the treatment of "dexamethasone", it is necessary to consult, if possible, several specialists.

Finally

As you can see, dexamethasone is a widely used potent drug based on a synthetic hormonal substance. Assign and cancel this medicine is right only attending physician. He also calculates the optimal dose and a graph of enclosures.

As we see, the spectrum of the action of injections is quite wide, and the effect is fast and long-term. Nevertheless, "dexamethasone" has a number of side effects and contraindications that must be considered when using it.