Chickenpox - highly contagious acute viral infectionflowing with moderately pronounced intoxication and characteristic polymorphic rash on the skin and mucous membranes.

Code for the international classification of diseases of the ICD-10:

• B01 - Windmate oSP
• B08. 0 - Other infections caused by orthopoxvirus

Space Space: Causes

Etiology

The pathogen - DNA is a containing virus (VARICELLA - ZOSTER VIRUS) of the Herpetoviridae family, which also causing a lisp (Herpes Zoster).

Epidemiology

A source of infection - a sick with a chickenpox or hailing deprived. Transfer paths - Aerogenic and airborne - drip. Windmate oSP - Flying infection (the spread of the pathogen is derived from the current of the air over long distances). The susceptibility to infection is very high (almost all non-immune persons are ill painted with patients). Most often, the disease is transferred in preschool age. Perinatal infection of the child is possible with the development of the disease in the mother in the last 5 days before delivery.

Space Space: Symptoms, Symptoms

Clinical picture

. Anamnesis. Contact with a sick chickenpox or hailing deprived for 11- 21 days before the disease; Direct contact is optional.
. Periods of the disease . The duration of the incubation period is 11-21 days. Promotional period (optional) - up to 1 day. Rash period (main clinical manifestations) - 4-7 days. The reconnaissance period is 1- 2 weeks.
. Clinical symptoms . Inxication syndrome: Usually 3- 5 - day fever with the first lifting body temperature in a possible period of production and subsequent daily peaks of an increased temperature reaction that coincides with the appearance of new elements of the rash; In severe forms, hyperthermia, lethargy, malaise, decreased appetite, etc. are possible. Rash. Promotional rash in the form of small-point red scarlatin-like rashes, found in 1 day of the disease and disappearing for 2-5 days. Polymorphic rash consisting of several elements: stain, papula, vesicle, crust. All elements are the sequential phases of the development of a single inflammatory process in the dermis (false polymorphism). The simultaneous presence on the skin of elements of different ages is associated with the phenomenon of daily sliding; The first spots appear on the 1st - 2nd day, the last 3-6 days. The main diagnostic element is vesicula (a bubble with transparent content, surrounded by a hyperemia whisk). Raw can be accompanied by itching. Characterized by the appearance of rashes on visible mucous membranes (oral cavity, genital organs, conjunctivation of the eyelids); In these cases, the crust is not formed, and defects of the mucous membranes in the form of small erosions are subsequent epithelined. In uncomplicated cases, after rejection of crusts on the skin of connective tissue scars, it is not formed. In patients with immunodeficiency states, large bubbles with transparent content (Bull), bubbles, bubble elements (suppuration of the contents of vesicles), hemorrhagic elements on the skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhagic impregnation of the contents of vesicles, necrotic elements forming deep skin defects (gangrene inflammation) are possible. Silent chickenpox shapes: bullious, empty, hemorrhagic, gangrenous. The lesion of the skin in such cases is often accompanied by scar changes.

OSPA Windmage: Diagnostics

Research methods

Detection of the pathogen or its ag. The selection of the virus is a classic virological method from the contents of the elements of the rash on the culture of embryonic cells. The detection of multi-core giant cells in the scraps from the base of the elements of the rash in the smears painted along the TCANKU. Detection of the Aragao Taurus in the cells of the vesiculose liquid in the smears painted with silver (the method is used in diagnostic studies of the sectional material). Detection of AT to AG Virus: Growth of Attrants AT in serological reactions (RSK, ELFA, Test Fluorescence AT to membrane ag). Laboratory studies are necessary in atypical flow, disseminated damage to internal organs (patients with immunodeficiency states).

Differential diagnosis

Simple herpes. Impetigo. Secondary syphilis. Drug rash. Contact dermatitis. Insect bites.

Treatment. With light shapes - the treatment of elements of rashes with alcohol p-rams of dyes (diamond green or methylene blue), compliance with personal hygiene rules. With purulent complications - antibiotics. With heavy forms, immunodeficiency states, the development of disseminated forms - acyclovir 20 mg / kg (for children 5-7 years), 15 mg / kg (7-12 years), 10 mg / kg (12-6 years) 4 p / day in For 5-7 days. Antipyretic means - according to the testimony. Acetylsalicylic acid should not be prescribed due to the danger of the development of the Reia syndrome.

Complications

Encephalitis. Phlegmons. Abscesses. Lymphadenites. Stomatitis. Keratitis. Erysipelas. Sepsis. Hemorrhagic jade. Piedlemia. Bullese impetigo. Pneumonia. Myocarditis.

Prevention

Patients with chickenpox isolate until the 5th day from the appearance of the last elements of the rash. In the nursery groups of children's preschool institutions on children who are in contact with patients, put quarantine for a period of 21 days from the moment of insulation of the disease. Preventive measures are carried out only among patients with immunodeficiency in the first 3 days after contact using passive immunoprophylaxis (Introduction of immunoglobulin 3-6 ml once). Abroad, for this purpose, immune drugs with a high titer of anti-fantasy AT (immunoglobulin against a chickenpox virus and linguing) are introduced. Patients risk groups are possible by introducing a lively attenuated vaccine.

MKB-10. B01 windmaster oSP

application

Milking nodules - a disease caused by paravaccine virus is transmitted to man when making cows. Characteristic features are purple nodules on the fingers or adjacent fabrics. The nodules are subjected to decay with the subsequent formation of crusts and healing without the formation of scars. From person, the disease can pass healthy cows.

Flow

Usually sharp, return.

Treatment

absent.

Synonyms

False cow oSP . paravacitia. MKB-10. B08. 0 Other infections caused by orthopoxvirus.
Tags:

Did this article help you? Yes - 1 Not - 0 If the article contains an error, click here 837 Ricing:

Click here to add a comment to: Peppermagna (Diseases, description, symptoms, folk recipes and treatment)

This infection is transferred by the virus and is manifested by a fever, which is accompanied by characteristic skin phenomena. Bubbles with transparent content covered the skin of almost the entire body, including mucous membranes. Most of the population moves this disease under the age of 14, with age, the probability of becoming a windmill decreases.

Features of the spread of the virus

According to the general classification, the windshield of the ICD 10 has a cipher B01 - VARICELLA. The source of the virus is a sick person, in any other way to receive infection is almost impossible. Approximately 24 hours before the first element of the rash appears, at the end of the incubation period, a person becomes able to distribute the virus. This ability remains up to five days after the appearance of the last pimple. The virus itself is in significant quantities in the transparent content of bubbles, however, in the already dried crusts, it is not detected.

In addition to the windmill, this virus can provoke the development of a shearing linguing. This happens to people who have undergone a windmill and immunity. At some point, under temporary ailment, immunity weakens, and the virus Variscell again affects the body, turning into the active phase. In this case, a person suffering from hailing deprived can be a source of windmill infection.

Despite the fact that the virus is quite poorly surviving in the environment, it is incredibly volatile and spreads well through the air over long distances along the ventilation mines, staircases. The transmission of the virus is also possible from the mother to the fetus through the placental barrier.

The babies of the first months of life are very rarely ill. As a rule, they are transferred to the immunity of the mother. However, if this is still for any reason, they carry the disease is pretty hard, with complications. Immunity after the disease is formed steady and remains for the entire life except for rare cases. In three percent of cases, repeated infection is possible, which is associated with accompanying diseases, during which a sharp decrease in immunity occurs.

The infection enters the body through the so-called entrance doors - the mucous membrane of the nose, the throat. Here the virus breeds, and then begins the spread of the body, falling into the bloodstream on the lymphatic paths. And with blood, the virus enters the skin shells, mucous and settles there. Skin lesions in the form of a rash, which goes into the bubbles filled with serous contents. Their content has an increased concentration of the virus.

Windmill virus is able to affect the nervous fabric. Under the blow, intervertebral ganglia, the area of \u200b\u200bthe feeder and the cerebral cortex, the cerebulic bark can be. Sometimes, in severe cases, visceral organs can be amazed: lungs, liver, gastrointestinal.

Symptomatics

The windshield, the code on the ICD 10, has a set of specific symptoms by which this disease is easily differentiated. They begin to manifest themselves with increasing body temperature. This is due to the accumulation of the toxic elements of the products of the virus. The incubation period lasts about two weeks, in some cases it can be up to 21 days. Along with the temperature begins chickenpox.

The rash passes several stages. First, these are small single pink spots. A few hours later, they turn into vesicles, a diameter of up to half a centimeter. Vesiculi with windmill round or oval, surrounded by a small hyperemia. They are filled with transparent liquid and in the overall picture resemble dew droplets.

Some bubbles in the center have a pupil pressure. Until the start of the second day after the appearance of the rash, the elements of the rash dries, a crust is formed, which disappears on their own after 2 or 3 weeks after the start of the disease. After the disappearance of the crusts, the epidermis is completely restored. A few months after that, pigmented specks can remain on the skin, which slowly fade. At the same time, scars do not appear.

The rash can cover almost the whole body, including the scalp, face, legs, hands, torso. The exceptions make up the soles and palms, there are no rash with windmill. Also, rash often affects the mucous membranes of the mouth, eye, larynx, genitals. The rash on the mucous mild, quickly forms erosion, which heal for a long time, about five days. This may be accompanied by soreness, chewing, swallowing, which can provoke the loss of appetite.

The appearance of rashes does not occur simultaneously, and the waves whose peak occurs every couple of days. Therefore, bubbles on the skin are often located at different stages of development and can be seen simultaneously crust, bubbles, papules. At the same time, each wave provokes an increase in body temperature. Blood indicators usually do not change, sometimes there are lymphocytosis and leukopenia.

Disorders of cell immune reactions play a significant role in the course of the disease. Thus, a severe windmill form can develop when a combination of this factor and the oppression of the T-lymphocyte system. With windmill, an increase in susceptibility to other infections, aggravation of chronic states is also observed.

Forms of the disease

Windmill forms differ depending on the age of the patient, its immunity and the general condition of the body. A light form inherent in patients is 6-10 years old, they can occur even without temperature and with minimal rash. The heavy windmill may have such forms:

• bullous: It is characterized by the fact that in addition to typical rashes, large bubbles appear, flabby, the size of which can reach 3 centimeters. Their content is a turbid liquid. This form is characteristic of adults having severe diseases.
• hemorrhagic is a rather rare phenomenon, it happens in patients with severe immunity suffering from hemorrhagic dianees. Among the manifestations can be noted hematuria, hemorrhage into the skin, bleeding from the nose.
• gangrenous - the most severe form of the disease, it happens in rare cases in patients of exhausted, weak, without proper care, when a secondary infection is joined. The disease is manifested: the contents of some bubbles becomes bloody, inflammation appears around them. Next, abrupt necrotic nature arise, which disappear and becomes visible deep ulcers, having a necrotic bottom. Ulcers grow, purulent-septic complications appear.

Pregnancy and windmill

If the disease found a woman during pregnancy, a danger appears for the development of the fetus. There are cases when the windmill provokes a miscarriage, and in later dates, the newborn develops severe forms of the disease, leading to a fatal outcome.

Congenital windmill are those cases when a child is ill to 11 days. This happens when a pregnant woman gets sick before childbirth. In this case, the incubation period is only a few days and for the fifth day of life the child appears symptoms. It takes such a form hard and often leads to the death of a child. If the woman got sick in 5 days before childbirth, the child's disease occurs after birth, but since the mothers' antibodies are transmitted, the windmill flows easier.

Windshield (Varicella, in the people - chickenpox) - acute viral anthroponous infectious disease with an aerosol mechanism for transmitting the pathogen. Characterized polymorphic maculo Papulosno-Vesiculous rash and fever.

Codes on the ICD -10
B01. Chickenpox.
B01.0. Windmage with meningitis (G02.0).
B01.1. Chickenpox with encephalitis (G05.1).
B01.2. Chickenpox with pneumonia (J17.1).
B018. Wind shempar with other complications.
In01.9. The chickenpox is uncomplicated.

Causes (etiology) wind sieves

The causative agent is the Varicella Zoster Virus of the Herpesviridae family.

The size of the virus is from 150 to 200 nm, it is in windmill bubbles in the first 3-4 days of the disease; After the 7th day to detect the virus fails. The genome has a two-power linear DNA molecule, a lipid shell. The virus is reproduced only in the core of human infected cells. The identity of the virus causing a herpes hazing, and a wind silence virus. In the environment, the virus is unstable and dies quickly, in mucus droplets, saliva virus is preserved not more than 10-15 minutes. Heating, sun rays, UV radiation quickly inactivate it.

Epidemiology of chickenpox

Source of Virus - Patient from the last day of the incubation period until the 5th day after the appearance of the last rash. The main transfer path is airborne. The virus is capable of spreading up to 20 m (through the corridors to the neighboring rooms of the apartment and even from one floor to another). A vertical mechanism of transmitting the virus through the placenta is possible.

The susceptibility to the wind pump is very high (at least 90%), with the exception of children of the first 3 months of life, which preserves passive immunity.

The incidence is characterized by pronounced seasonality, reaching a maximum in the autumn-winter months. Children are preferentially. The post-infectious immunity is stressful, supported by the geister of the virus in the body. With a decrease in its tension, a hay herpes occurs.

Pathogenesis of windmill

Entrance gate of the windmill virus - Upper mucous membranes respiratory tractwhere the virus replication occurs, then on the lymphatic paths, the causative agent penetrates blood. At the end of the incubation period, pearms develop. The virus is fixed in the cells of ectodermal origin, mainly in the epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, oroglot. It is possible to defeat the intervertebral ganglia, cerebeller's bark and large hemispheres, subcortex ganglia. In rare cases, the liver, light, gasts are affected by generalized form. In the skin, the virus causes the formation of bubbles filled with serous contents in which the virus is in high concentration. With heavy generalized forms of Vesiculi disease and surface erosion, discovered on the mucous membranes of the tract, trachea, bladder and renal lochs, urethra, eye conjunctiva. In the liver, kidneys, lungs and CNS identify small foci of necrosis with hemorrhages over the periphery.

In the pathogenesis, a significant role is removed by cell immunity, mainly the T-lymphocyte system, with the oppression of which is observed heavy flow Diseases. After anemia acute manifestations Primary infection The virus will promise life in spinal nerve ganglia.

Symptoms (clinical picture) chickenpox

The incubation period of chickenpox lasts from 10 to 21 days, with the introduction of a normal immunoglobulin, a person can be lengthened to 28 days.

Classification

The following clinical forms of chickenpox are distinguished.
With the flow:
- typical;
- Atypical:
- Rudimentary;
- hemorrhagic;
- gangrenous;
- generalized.
By severity:
- lungs;
- medium-sized;
- Silent:
- with severe general intoxication;
- with pronounced changes on the skin.

Promotional phenomena are more often absent, rarely note the short-term subfebilite against the background of the deterioration of general well-being. Veinsicles appear usually simultaneously with the increase in temperature or a few hours later. With an abundant examination, the temperature can increase to 39 ° C and higher.

The rashes appear waves for 2-4 days and accompanied by the rise in temperature. The rash is localized on the face, the scalp, body and the limbs. On palms and soles, it occurs only with abundant rash. The elements of the rash first have the form of small maculo papules, which for several hours are converted into vesicles round or oval shape, and size is 2-5 mm. They are superficially and on non-filtered base, the wall is tense, brilliantly, the content is transparent, but in some vesicles it is muttered. Most vesicles are surrounded by a narrow border of hyperemia. Vesiculi dried in 2-3 days, crusts are formed in their place, which disappear after 2-3 weeks. After disappearing the crusts of scars, as a rule, it does not remain. The rashes are observed at the conjunctival, the mucous membranes of the rotogling, sometimes larynx, genital organs. Bubbles on the mucousse quickly turn into erosion with a yellowish-gray bottom, which are epithelissed after a few days. The rashes on the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea, accompanied by the enemy of the mucous membrane, can cause a coarse cough, voice hoarseness, in rare cases of cereals. The rashes on the mucous membrane of the genital lips pose a threat to the development of vulvovaginite. The rashes are often accompanied by an increase in lymph nodes.

By the end of the first week, the disease simultaneously with dried drying, the temperature is normalized, the health of the patient is improved. At this time, many patients are concerned about skin itching.

In the hemogram, a small leukopenia and relative lymphocytosis are observed in the rash period, ESO is usually not increased.

It is customary to allocate a typical and atypical wind oil. Typical includes cases with characteristic rash. Most often, the typical windshield ispsed in light and medium-shaped form. The heavy form of the disease rarely occurs, more often in weakened children and adults, it is characterized by a long-lasting remitting fever up to 6-8 days. Celebrate headache, it is possible to vomiting, meningeal syndrome, violation of consciousness, arterial hypotension, convulsions. The rash is abundant, large, metamorphosis is slowed down, it is possible to elements with a fusion pressing in the center, resembling elements of the rash with a natural OPP.

Atypical forms include rudimentary, bulliest, hemorrhagic, gangrene and generalized wind sieves.

Rudimentary shape is more often observed in children who received immunoglobulins, plasma during incubation. The rash is not human, the roseoles-papulese with single very small vesicles. General state Not violated.

The hemorrhagic shape of a chickenpox is very rare in sharply weakened patients suffering from gemablastosis or hemorrhagic diattes, against the background of the reception of glucocorticoids and cytostatics. On the 2-3rd day of rash, the contents of bubbles acquire hemorrhagic character. Hemorrhages appear in the skin and mucous membranes, nose bleeding and other manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome. Fully outcome is possible.

Very rarely encountered a gangrenous form of wind sieves. It develops in exhausted patients, with poor care, creating the possibility of a secondary infection. Initially, individual bubbles take hemorrhagic character, then a significant inflammatory response occurs surrounded by them.

Subsequently, hemorrhagic Strap is formed, after which deep ulcers are exposed with dirty bottom and steep or bombarded edges. Ozzles, due to the progressive gangrenous breakdown of the tissue, increase, merge, taking significant sizes. Often there are complications of a purulent and septic nature. The overall condition of the patient is severe, the course of the disease is long.

Generalized (visceral) form. It is found mainly in newborns, sometimes adults with immunodeficiency. Characterized by hyperthermia, intoxication, damage in internal organs. Mortality high. At the opening, small foci of necrosis in the liver, lungs, pancreas, adrenal glands, thymus, spleen, bone marrow are found.

A chickenpox is a danger to the fetus and a newborn. If the disease in a woman has arisen at the end of pregnancy, premature childbirth and stillbirth are possible. In case of a chickenpox in early pregnancy, intrauterine infection of the fetus can occur with developing various malformations of development. The probability of newborns is 17%, their death is 30%. Congenital windshield ispsed hard, accompanied by hard visceral lesions.

Complications of chickenpox

The most frequent complication is bacterial superinfection caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. At the same time, the contents of vesicles are applied, forming the pustulas. It is possible to develop an impetigo or bullose piedermy. There are cases of "windmill" (viral) pneumonia, which develops in the first 3-4 days of the disease. Patients complain about shortness of breath, pain in chest With breathing, cough with blood wets, high temperature. Objectively note cyanosis of the skin, signs of bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and in some cases there may be eases of lungs. The pathological picture in the lungs can resemble a miliar tuberculosis (as multiple miliar nodules reveal in the lungs). Of specific complications, lesions are considered the most serious nervous system Various localization - encephalitis, meningoencephalites, optomyselits and myelites, polyradiculoneuritis, serous meningitis. The most characteristic windmill encephalitis, which accounts for about 90% of neurological complications.

The frequency of the development of encephalitis does not depend on the severity of the disease. Most often complications arise on the 5-8th days of the disease. Described cases of encephalitis development during rash and even before the appearance of rash. It is noted that the earlier the encephalitis begins, the harder it proceeds. Encephalitis manifests acutely with disturbances, convulsions only in 15-20% of patients. In other cases, the focal symptoms are dominated, which increases for several days. The most characteristic of cerebellar and vestibular disorders. Remarks ataxia, head tremor, nastagm, chant speech, intente tremor, discoordination. Pyramid signs, hemipreps, cranial nerve paresses are possible. Rarely observed spinal symptoms, in particular, pelvic disorders. Meningleal syndrome is weakly expressed or absent. Part of the patients in the SMF detect lymphocytic pleaocytosis, an increase in the amount of protein and glucose. The course of the disease is benign since neurocytes rarely suffer only with the development of encephalitis in early terms. Adverse remote effects are rare.

Diagnostics of chickenpox

Diagnosis of chickenpox in typical cases does not represent difficulties. The diagnosis is determined mainly on the basis of clinical data, and the epidemiological history takes into account (Fig. 18-1).

If necessary, virusoscopic, virological, serological and molecular biological methods are used in diagnostically obscure cases. The virusoscopic method lies in staining the contents of the bubble silver (according to MA Morozov) to detect the virus using a conventional light microscope. The virological method is practically not used. From serological methods Apply RSK, RMF, IFA. Main method laboratory diagnostics - Molecular biological method (PCR).

Differential diagnosis

Differentiate chickenpox is necessary from herpetic rash with a simple herpes, gumming herpes, vesiculous ricketersiosis, impetigo and natural smallpox (Table 18-26). It is necessary to exclude a herpetic exam of Caposhi, as well as infections caused by Coxica viruses and ESO.

Fig. 18-1. Algorithm for diagnostics of chickenpox.

Table 18-26. Differential diagnosis of wind sieves

Clinical signs	Differential diseases
	chickenpox	smallpox	vesiculous ricketersiosis	herpes Slide
Start		Acute, sometimes for 3-4 days	Acute	Acute, sometimes by the production of 1-2 days
Fever	38.0-38.5 ° C, lasts 2-5 days	The first 3 days 40.0 ° C, from the 4th decrease to 37.5 ° C, from the 7-8th increase to the 10th day	39.0-40.0 ° C, lasts 3-5 days	37.5-38.0 ° C, lasts 3-5 days
Exanthema	The rash is polymorphic, vesicles are located superficially on non-indiffers-tried base. The wall is tense, the contents are transparent. In the absence of a prudent period, the rash appears on the 1st day of the disease in 3-5 stages with an interval of 24-48 hours	Rash appears on the 4th day of the disease. The primary element is Papula, after 2-3 days of vesicula. Rash monomorphic. Vesiculi multi-chamber, filled with transparent content, with an ultimate pressure, are located on an infiltrated base, surrounded by a hyperemia whites, dense. Vesiculs turn into a pustulant with a cuftoid pressure. After the disappearance of the crusts remain deep scars	Polymorphic rash, abundant. First, the stain and papula appear, then vesicles are formed. Rash appears on the 2nd and 4th day of the disease	The rash is vesiculous, bubbles with transparent content are located on the sockets on a hyperemic and infiltrated base. Rash appears on the 3-4th day of the disease
Localization and stage of rash	Face, sip of head, torso, limb. No on the palms and soles. Rash on the mucous membranes of mouth, eye, larynx and genital organs	Characteristic stage of rash. Rash on the face, on the scalp, then on the body and the limbs. Rashes on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, eye, gastrointestinal tract, vagina, urethra	Face, sip of head, torso, limb. Rarely on the palms. There are no rashes on the soles. Stage is not characteristic	Skin sites are affected, innervated by interrochemical nerves, as well as sites in the course of innervation trigeny nerve. Stage is not characteristic
Features of the current	Repeated rashes are accompanied by increasing temperature	Void of bubbles accompanies temperature rise to 39.0-40.0 ° C	Doboka-serious current. First manifestation - primary affect	The process is unilateral

Indications for consultation of other specialists

With the development of complications associated with the damage to the nervous system, the consultation of the neurologist (encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, optomyselitis and myelites, polyradiculoneuritis, serous meningitis) are shown. Surgeon consultation with deep skin lesions and subcutaneous fiber.

An example of the formulation of diagnosis

At.02 Chickenpox middle severityuncomplicated.

Indications for hospitalization

Hospitalized patients with severe, complicated disease and over epidemiological indications.

Treatment of chickenpox

Medical therapy

In patients with normal immunity, a windshield is required only to prevent complications. Careful skin care helps to avoid bacterial superinfection. As ethiotropic therapy, adolescents and adults are recommended from the first day of the disease to prescribe acyclovir (800 mg inside 5 times a day for 5-7 days). In children under 12 years old acyclovir (20 mg / kg inside 4 times a day) is also effective if antiviral therapy begins in the first 24 hours of diseases. The acyclovir is administered intravenously in a dose of 10-12.5 mg / kg every 8 hours within 7 days.

With the development of windmill pneumonia, the inhalation of the interferon leukocyte human (leukinferon) is shown.

Locally use 5-10% solution of potassium permanganate or 1% alcohol solution Diamond green in order to prevent the addition of secondary infection and faster bubble drying. To reduce itching, the skin is lubricated with glycerol or wipe with water with vinegar or alcohol. Antihistamines are prescribed (celestine, diphenhydramine, cetirizine, acryvastine). In hemorrhagic forms, Vikasol, Rutin, calcium chloride are shown.

From physiotherapy procedures, UV irradiation is used within 2-3 days to accelerate the dropping of crusts.

Approximate disability

Dispensarization

Dispensary observation for a month.

Memo for patients

It should be limited to physical exercise, avoid hypoints, to eat balanced.

Prevention of chickenpox

Patients are isolated at home until the 5th day since the appearance of the last fresh element of the rash, usually do not hospitalize. Children under 3 years old, previously not painful, are subject to disunity and observation from 11 to the 21st day from the moment of contact.

Contact children with a burdened background recommended the introduction of immunoglobulin. The virus is unstable, so disinfection is not carried out. Insulation are subject to patients with a sheer herpes. Attempts to apply active immunization. Live attenuated vaccines have been developed, which, by observing their authors, provide a good effect. However, most experts consider the mass vaccination inappropriate.

The windshield of the Classification of the ICD-10 is included in the group of infectious pathologies affecting the skin and mucous membranes. This disease is characterized by the appearance of rashes and an increase in body temperature. It is more often developing in childhood and the people are called simply windmill.

People around the world speak different languages \u200b\u200band are sick of the same diseases. In order for the doctors to understand the state of patients arriving from other countries, a special encoding system was created, which includes all diseases and conditions.

Each disease and its manifestation has a special code. A special cipher of the disease was also created, according to which several diseases are combined into groups. For example, all infectious diseases are coded under the letters A and B.

United international Classification Helps a doctor to quickly understand what a person is sick, and make a preliminary conclusion about his state as a whole. Such a system also allows you to collect incidence statistics from around the world, showing the number of sick of one or another disease.

What you need to know about wind pump

The windshield is a sharp infectious disease that is caused by a virus from the herpes family.

The source of the virus transmission is a sick person. You can get infected since the last day of the incubation period up to 5 days after the appearance of the last element of the rash. The virus is transmitted from a patient a healthy air-droplet, during a conversation, cough, sneezing.

In rare cases, the transfer of a virus from mother to a child through a placenta is called vertical by transmitting infection.

All categories of the population, with the exception of the children of the first three months of life, are preserved by all the categories of the population, with the exception of the children of the first three months of life - they have a passive immunity that protects them from the development of this disease.

Most often, the windshield is developing in the autumn or winter months of the year. Children are preferentially. After the suffering disease, a tense immunity is formed - while the virus remains constantly in the body.

International Classification (ICD-10) Windmills

B01 - chickenpox

For the flow, they allocate a typical form of the disease (which is found from most people) and atypical (evolving extremely rarely). The latter has several manifestations:

1. Generalized - patients with high risk development of the disease are all people with severe immunodeficiency states (even babies up to three months of life). Its feature is to increase body temperature, pronounced inxication syndrome and damage in the internal organs.
2. Rudimentary - develops in children who received immunoglobulin preparations in incubation period. Characterized by the appearance of a small amount of roseless-papulese rash. Single vesicles on the skin. The general condition in children does not change, there is no increase in body temperature, the child does not complain about anything, only the appearance of rash is noted.
3. Gangrenous - develops in people with severe exhaustion of the body. The difference between this form from the rest in joining bacterial infection. First, as in the typical flow, rashes appear - bubbles on the skin filled with transparent liquid, after a few days they acquire a reddish hue, and after another a few days, the inflammatory reaction and hemorrhagic stamp are formed. When the latter disappears from the skin, deep ulcers are formed, which are gradually merged with each other and increase in size. In this case, secondary bacterial infection can be joined and purulent-septic complications develop.
4. Hemorrhagic - occurs in humans against the background of severe immunodeficiency states (with hemoblastosis, taking cytostatics or corticosteroids, hemorrhagic syndroma various etiology). The disease begins, as in the typical picture. However, for 2-3 days after the appearance of rashes, the contents of bubbles ceases to be transparent and acquires a red-muddy shade. At the same time, hemorrhages appear in the skin and mucous meal, nasal bleeding begin, the bleeding of the gums increases. Possible hemorrhages in internal organs, Up to death.

When they talk about typical form, the development of an infection, characterized by a certain rash, looking at which the chickenpox is immediately assumed.

A typical form can begin with a long period when a person feels a light weakness or fast fatigue. Many people have given this period, or they do not notice it.

The first symptom of the appearance of a chickenpox is an increase in temperature to 37 ° C or higher. At the same time, vesicles on the skin and mucous membranes may appear.

The rashes are small bubbles with transparent or slightly muddy content. For 2-3 days, they dry up, and crusts are formed in their place, which independently disappear within 14-21 days without causing unpleasant sensations.

Bubble neoplasms on mucous membranes can appear - on the eye conjunctive, genitals, in the region of the larynx, oral cavity.

They need minimal care - after each wave need to handle new elements by an antiseptic agent.

In addition to the form of the disease, the severity of its flow is also evaluated.

Easy

A person feels satisfactory, general well-being practically does not deteriorate. The body temperature rises only with a new rash. Complications do not occur.

Medium-heavy

At this stage is noted total weaknessfatigue. The rashes appear every 2-3 days, are accompanied by a high body temperature and slowly obscene to normal. This form meets when a combination of moderate intoxication is combined.

Heavy

With pronounced intoxication syndrome, a large number of rash. The emergence of any complications also indicates the development of a severe form of the disease.

B01.9 - Wind Spare without complications

This variant of the disease is registered with almost all previously healthy children. It corresponds to a typical picture of the disease, light or moderate flow.

The form does not require treatment, except for the processing of rashes by antiseptic solution.

B01.0 - Meningitis chickenpox with meningitis (G02.0 *)

Characterized by the development of serous meningitis without attaching a bacterial infection. It can develop both in children and adults. Characteristic is considered to increase body temperature, pain in the head.

The state requires hospitalization into a specialized hospital and conduct differential diagnosis With the development of encephalitis.

B01.1 - Windshield with Encephalitis (G05.1 * B01)

It is the most frequent complication from the nervous system. The development of encephalitis is directly related to the severity of the course of the disease. Most often develops from 5 to 8 days of the disease.

In rare cases, the lesion of the brain can develop with the appearance of the first rash or before it. The early appearance of encephalitis is a bad prognostic criterion (the later the damage to the nervous tissue occurs, the greater the probability of recovery).

The acute picture of encephalitis (loss of consciousness, convulsions) is found in 15-20% of cases. All other symptoms appear gradually and increase over time. The most characteristic of the appearance of vestibular or cerebellar symptoms is the growing of tremor, the occurrence of the chandized speech, the discordination of movements.

The forecast is usually favorable. In most cases, neurocytes are not destroyed, and the person recovers.

B01.2 - Windshield with pneumonia (J17.1 *)

Developed by 3-4 day of the midst of the disease. In the course of the course of the disease, shortness of breath appear, pain in the chest. A cough arises, which is accompanied by the disorder of sputum with blood admixture. Body temperature rises to high values And does not disappear after the appearance of the manifestations of rash.

Pneumonia is considered a severe disease and can lead to a fatal outcome.

B01.8 - Windshield with other complications

The most frequent complication of the windmill is the appearance of superinfection caused by bacterial flora. A characteristic feature is the suppuration of the elements of the rash and the formation of empty. It can also develop an impetigo, bullous piederma.

Conclusion

A chickenpox is a common acute infectious disease. Its main symptoms are the increase in body temperature and the appearance of rash. For diagnosis, no research is often required - the doctor has enough development clinical picture. Specific treatment uncomplicated forms do not require - it is enough to simply process the rashes by the antiseptic.