Basophiles are cells from leukocyte groups that can be called expulsion cells with a complete base. Like all leukocytes, basophiles are born in bone marrow And from there come to the blood, which spreads them throughout the corners of the human body. If any allergen or malicious microorganism come across on the path of basophils, in their task enters the identification of the aliens in time, "to connect" it, not letting it spread further and create reinforced blood flow on this site.

Thus, inside the focus of inflammation is created, signing up by other protective cells on the danger that has arisen and that it is necessary to destroy the enemy into the organism. In order for basophiles to carry out their duties, they contain a large number of granules in the cytoplasm in which are located active components - Prostaglandins, serotonins, heparin, histamines. These compounds are the main weapons of basophils. Basophiles are the largest, but also the most small among other leukocytes.

The norm of basophils in the blood. Decoding Result (Table)

The level of basophils in the blood is determined by almost every biochemical analysis blood. It is prescribed various diseases, inflammatory processes in the body, with a scheduled survey, and, of course, regularly during pregnancy. Normal content Basophiles in the blood is considered if they range from 0.5 to 1% among other leukocytes. In children, the norm is slightly lower - 0.4-0.9%.

In the results of analyzes, the record may look like this:

• Ba% (basophiles) - the relative indicator of basophils,
• BA (Basophiles ABS.) - Absolute amount of basophils.

To determine the content of basophils, the blood fence is made from the finger, in the morning, on an empty stomach.

The norm of basophils in the blood of ordinary people and pregnant women:

If basophiles are enhanced, it means that the patient has basophilia. So called this condition. It is often noted in the final phases of any acute inflammatory process. Very often, basophiles rises in acute inflammation in the intestine. But basophiles can be elevated and in the case of a chronic disease in the body.

The level of basophils increases, as a reaction to ingress any allergen. Due to the release of biologically active substances contained in the granules of basophils, begins allergic reaction - Skin itching, rash, swelling, etc. Other diseases that can cause an increase in the level of basophils in the body:

• lung tumors
• lymphogranulomatosis
• reducing the function of the thyroid gland - hypoteriosis,
• ulcerative colitis
• iron-deficiency anemia,
• other types of anemia,
• mielolomicosis
• myelofibrosis
• diseases blood system and blood formation systems.

In women, the increase in the level of basophils is often observed in the period immediately before the next menstruation. The same reaction may be at the reception of some medicinal preparationsespecially those that contain estrogens. Basophilia is quite a normal phenomenon for those people who have to work constantly with small doses of irradiation, for example, with X-ray devices.

If basophiles are enhanced, what does this mean?

Usually, reduced content Basophiles in the blood - basement - or even their complete absence, does not bear negative information and does not represent clinical interest. Although exceptions occur. Diseases that can cause a decrease in basophilov levels:

• acute phase of chronic inflammatory process,
• increased thyroid function - hyperthyroidism,
• incenko-Cushing syndrome,
• miscellaneous types of stressful states.

In all these cases, basement is not the main, but an additional factor to be taken into account when making a diagnosis.

The norm of basophils in the blood can fall during pregnancy. This should not be anxiety for the future mother and is not pathology. The decrease in the level of basophils is due to the general oppression immune system During this period, and is aimed at not the rejection of the fetus, which is alien formation for the parent organism.

The body of each person naturally produces several types of leukocytes (white blood cells formed in the bone marrow, from where they come through the circulatory system to various organs).

Basophiles are one of the types of leukocytes. They are part of the immune system and play a role in the protection of the body.

If basophiles are enhanced in an adult, this speaks about glands, certain types (leukemia, leukemia), about various inflammatory processes and many other things.

Anomalous drops in the amount of these small leukocyte groups have many reasons from "minor" to "usually deadly". What it says, the search for a true cause is carried out by excluding or confirming each possibility - in other words, the diagnosis.

What role is basophils play?

During the development of inflammation and infectious process in the wound, this small group of leukocytes helps prevent these pathological processes.

In addition to combating viruses, infections and protection of the immune system, basophiles play a certain role in:

1. Blood coagulation prevention - basophiles contain heparin (direct anticoagulant, substance that prevents blood intake).
2. Various allergic reactions - with allergic reactions, the immune system is exposed to allergen. Basophiles allocate histamine during allergic reactions. Basophiles also play the role in the fact that the body produces an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE).

This is an antibody (protein compounds of plasma of blood generated during the invasion of bacteria and viruses) are connected to basophilic and similar type of cells called fat cells (Mastocytes, Labrocytes).

These cells are distinguished by substances such as histamine and serotonin and interfere in the inflammatory process in the body caused by the effect of allergen.

What is the level of basophils normal?

Basophiles make up less than three percent of the total number of leukocytes.

The normal level of these granular leukocytes in the blood is 0.01 - 0.065 * 109 g / l.

The rate of indicators of basophils as a percentage by age:

• Up to 1 year: 0.4 - 0.9%
• From 1 to 20 years: 0.6 - 1%
• Older than 21 years: 0.5 - 1%

The only way to study the level of basophils in the blood is. Conducted during general (clinical) tests, during the diagnosis in the patient of any diseases and pathological processes.

Causes of increased levels of basophils in adults?

The following causes can provoke an increase in blood basophils:

Hyperthyroidism: The disease in which the production of the number of thyroid hormones is too low.

If the level of thyroid hormones is low, it leads to a slowdown in the functioning of your body.

Symptoms include:

• Swelling of the face;
• Hoarse voice;
• Hair fragility;
• Rough skin;
• Gain in weight;
• Constipation;
• The feelings of discomfort due to a decline in body temperature.

Myeloproliferative disorders: A process in which in the body excessive amounts of white blood cells, erythrocytes or platelets formed in the bone marrow (hematopoietic system). Disorder is rarely progressing in leukemia.

Leukemia is an oncological disease of blood and hematopoietic organs due to the fact that bone marrow cells (red blood cells, platelets) mutate.

The main types of myeloproliferative disorders include:

• Policytemy Rabra Vera (PRV): This is blood disorder leading to overproduction of red blood cells. Symptoms include a sense of fatigue, weakness and lack of air.
• Myelofibrosis: Disorder occurs when fibrous connecting tissues replace blood-forming cells in the bone marrow and cause anemia, increasing and unusual form of erythrocytes. Symptoms include a sense of fatigue, constant bleeding, fever and bone pain.
• Thrombocytemy: This disorder causes the overproduction of platelets, which leads to blood clotting or, less likely to constant bleeding. Symptoms include burning, redness and tingling in hand and legs. You can also have cold fingertips.

Autimmune inflammation: This happens when your immune system attacks your own body.

Symptoms include:

• Inflamed joints;
• Fever;
• Pain in muscles.

: chronic inflammatory disease respiratory tractprovoking shortness of breath and choking.

Symptoms:

• Cough;
• Dyspnea;
• Strong hearing whears.

Allergy: The high level of these leukocytes also occurs in cases of an allergic reaction to the urban and rhinitis due to the interaction of a small leukocyte group with histamines.

Accompanied by such symptoms as:

• Itching or burning on the skin in the nose;
• Redness;
• Swelling;
• Constitution in the nose.

: When autoimmune polyglandular syndrome is characterized by poor functioning of the pancreas, it leads to diabetes - A condition characterized by an anomalously high level of blood sugar.

Pancreas is involved in the production of insulin, hormone, which controls blood sugar levels. However, in case of violations, the pancreas worsens the secretion of insulin, which causes elevated level Sugar in blood.

Diabetes is also noted an increase in the concentration of basophils. Although the number of this small cell group increases, too much sugar in the bloodstream, worsen their ability to fight infections.

Symptoms:

• Dry mouth and thirst;
• Weight loss;
• Abundant urination;
• Chronic fatigue, feeling of weakness, irritability;
• Feeling of tingling in the fingers;

Here is a small list of often emerging pathologies (diseases) in patients with an abnormal elevated level of basophils in the blood:

• Milchanical jade ,;
• Asthma;
• Chronic myeloid leukemia;
• Collagen vascular disease;
• Chickenpox;
• Low progesterone;
• Pronounced allergic reactions;
• Diabetes.

All these pathological conditions occur when the number of basophils increased to 0.2 * 109 / l and more, this phenomenon is also called "basophilia".

Attention! After the operation to remove the spleen in patients, the level of these white blood cells rises, and keeps high to the end of their lives, and this is not considered a disease.

Treatment of basophilia

Therapy consists in the treatment of the main state, which caused an excessive increase in these white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Basophilia associated with infections, allergies, or is usually not a reason for concern.

However, if basophilia arises as a result of bone marrow cancer, then this is a serious problem and requires immediate treatment.

• Bone marrow transplantation - transplantation operation is carried out in severe cases, such as leukemia.
• Antiallergic drugs are prescribed with basophilia caused due to allergic reactions that lead to respiratory diseases.
• In cases with hypothyroidism, reception hormonal drugs and medicines, such as L-thyroxine and L-thyroxin 50 Berlin Hemi (Levothyroxin sodium) leads to the normalization of the level of basophils (before purchasing and receiving drugs, be sure to at the doctor).
• If the iron deficiency is the cause of basophilia, the treatment is carried out by taking iron preparations (actiferrin, Tardeferon, sorbiferry).
• Bacterial infections causing phenomenon are treated with antibiotics.

An important role in the normalization of the level of these leukocytes it can play, which is entered in the form of injection, it is also recommended to eat meat, eggs and milk, in these products contains sufficient amount of vitamin B12.

This vitamin helps to normalize the formation of new blood cells and improves the bone marrow operation.

Interesting

Basophiles (BASO, BA) are a small leukocyte population. In the cytoplasm of cells of this group contains granules filled with active substances. If relative basophiles in adults in the blood make up more than 1%, and absolute - more than 0.65 * 10 9 / l, this indicates inflammation, allergies, and it means that the results of the analysis are increased.

Such an increase in basophils in the blood is called basophilia, it is rare quite rare, and points predominantly on allergies, inflammation, helminthiasis, rarely - bleasting.

Causes of increasing basophils

Basophiles Along with lymphocytes, eosinophils, immunoglobulins (Ig) refer to immune defense system, participate in the formation of an allergic response and anthelminent protection. In the focus of the inflammatory or allergic reaction, the BASO content, eosinophils and IgE rises at the same time.

The reasons for which in the blood in adult men and women can be elevated basophiles, serve:

• acute infections caused by respiratory viruses, chickenpox virus;
• allergy;
• helmintoses;
• introduction of serum or other alien protein;
• inflammatory diseases of infectious and non-infectious origin - tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, hepatitis, sinusitis, nephrisosis;
• period of ovulation in women;
• endocrine disorders - hypothyroidism, insulin-dependent diabetes, high level estrogen;
• taking estrogen, antihyroidized agents;
• iron-deficiency anemia;
• splenectomy;
• stress;
• pathology of blood formation:
  • malignant - chronic myelolomicosis, acute and chronic basophilic leukemia, myelofibrosis;
  • true polycythemia or eritremia;
• autoimmune violations - rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis;
• hodgkin's disease is the oncology of the lymphatic system.

Elevated Baso can be called in women such enough frequent causelike hypothyroidism. On violation of the function of the thyroid gland says decrease in content tireotropic hormones, worsening performance, obesity, adults are formed by edema orbits swelling, hearing decreases due to eternal edema sweating, the voice grisges.

Increased basophiles in adults may mean work in adverse conditions. Increased Baso in radiologists, the appearance is explained by the fact that they are constantly exposed to small doses of radiation.

Increasing the results of the analysis does not always talk about illness. Increased basophiles in the analysis in women can talk about the high number of hormone estrogen, which means that the change in the content of BASO in the blood depends on the phase menstrual cycle.

Increased granulocytes during ovulation, in the first days of the cycle, in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Basophiles with allergies

The reasons for increasing the content of basophils in the blood are allergies:

• immediate type - developing immediately, which are damaged by their own tissues, manifested by anaphylactic shock, urticaria;
• slow-type - formed for 2 days, they are manifested by asthma, contact dermatitis, autoimmune pathologies.

The increase in basophils is caused by an increase in the blood concentration of IgE - the main immunoglobulin, which participates in the formation of an allergic response to the presence of the antigen. At the very beginning of an allergic reaction of an immediate type - urticaria, anaphylaxis, the amount of BA decreases.

This means that the granulocytes actively rushed into a focus of an allergic reaction, which is why the content of this population is reduced in the bloodstream. The bone marrow quickly compensates for the lack of basophil granulocytes, and in the following days an increased level of Ba is observed.

When basophiles, eosinophils, IgE are increased in the blood, this indicates the formation of allergies, but such a violation occurs more often in a child than an adult.

Adults are allergic different chronic flow. Moreover, allergic diseases In adults can flow in shape when, for example, bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis or polynosis, is accompanied by atopic dermatitis.

There is a minor deviation from the norm on increasing basophils during allergies. So relative ba atopic dermatitis 1% - 2% with the norm in women and men from 0% to 1%.

Blood test during eritremia

An indicator of the content of absolute basophils in the results of the study during Eritremia is increased. chronic disease, affecting the bone marrow and causing adults increased production of all types of blood formation elements.

Erietrey is predominantly adults. In children under 5 years old, Eritremia is not found. The formation of Eritremia in adults says:

• long non-stop bleeding after the removal of the tooth;
• headache, weakness;
• redness of the fingertips with burning pains;
• strong itching of the skin after contact with water - after washing, swimming;
• skin manifestations of allergies.

In the analysis of blood, at the very beginning of Eritremia, elevated levels of red blood cells, platelets, basophils are observed. There is an increase in the spleen, the appearance of thrombophlebitis, thrombos in the veins and arteries of the limbs.

As the disease progressing, except for basophilia, red blood cell and thrombocytosis, large platelets appear in the blood, the number of neutrophils increases, the leukocytosis is noted more than 15 * 10 9 / l.

In the stage of deployed Eritreia, which is more often observed in adults already in old age, the body's depletion and blood formation system are observed. The patient has a decrease in basophils, leukocytes, platelets. This means that an adult has an increase in bleeding and increased risk of stroke, heart attack.

Basophiles in diagnostics

Basophilic granulocytes - the component of the immune system. And when basophiles are significantly higher than the norm, and their indicators are 3% or more, it means that the body develops an active process that causes pathological changes in the work of immunity.

Failure in the function of the immune system in adults can talk about oncology. If the increase of Ba is associated with elevated to 11% and above the monocytes, then it is necessary to be examined at the cancer of the internal organs.

IN initial stages Mielolecosis, Hodgkin's diseases Elevated Baso are accompanied by high eosinophils. Elevated basophiles in women can be caused by hypothyroidism, and the other common cause of the basophilia in adults can be iron deficiency anemia.

In hypothyroidism, elevated basophiles are combined with reduced hemoglobin, normal or slightly reduced red blood cells. Under iron deficiency anemia, basophils are increased, the levels of the average volume of erythrocyte (MCV) are reduced, the amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MHC), low level Hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Basophilic leukemia

Basophilic leukemia called malignant disease Blood accompanied by a resistant increase in Baso, as well as the appearance of atypical and immature forms of basophilic granulocytes in the bloodstream.

Anomalies of basophilic leukocytes are associated with gene mutations, including caused by the transfer of a section 9 of chromosome on 22 chromosomes - the so-called philodelphic chromosome.

Basophilic leukemia is extremely rare, about the formation of this pathology says:

• temperature increase;
• tides;
• sweating;
• malaise;
• an increase in the liver, spleen due to the accumulation in these organs of tumor cells.

On the increased probability of basophilic leukemia, it says simultaneous increase along with the indicators of Ba, also the level of eosinophils and neutrophils.

What to do when basophiles are increased

When the raising of basophils is caused by diseases, the indicators will come back to normal after the cause of their deviation from the norm is eliminated. If the reason for the increase in the test results was iron deficiency anemia, then this means that the diet should be revised, introduce into it:

• products containing iron - chicken liver, seafood, buckwheat;
• vitamins B9 and B12, without which iron is not absorbed.

Treatment of diseases under which an increase in basophils is observed, indicators of this population of leukocytes in the norm. But sometimes elevated basophiles are detected in healthy people during the dispensarization.

If women have such a deviation caused by contraceptive means, and basophiles in the analysis are increasingly increasing, it means that after canceling the means, the cause of the violation will disappear, and blood indicators are normalized.

When the deviation from the norm is small and the results of the analysis in the range of 2 - 3%, then this does not mean that man is sick. Such content of basophilic granulocytes is considered as an option of the norm.

However, it is advisable to fully examine, especially pay attention to the state of the gastrointestinal system. The hidden reason for increasing the blood of basophils in adults can be chronic inflammation of the digestive tract - colitis, enterocolitis, peptic diseases of the stomach, intestines.

To lower basophils in such cases, in addition to the main treatment, resort to the change in the diet. Baso indicators in the blood are normalized in adults, if nutrition is enough vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish.

Materials are published for familiarization, and are not a prescription for treatment! We recommend contacting a hematologist in your medical institution!

Increased level of basophils signals problems in the body. These cells are peculiar indicators, so if there are deviations, you should seek medical advice and find out the reason for increasing their quantity.

If, according to the results of the blood test, it turned out that basophiles are enhanced, there is a serious reason to worry. The number of these blood cells is insignificant, but their role for the body is enormous. That is why any deviations should not be ignored.

What is basophils?

To begin with, consider what kind of cells - basophiles. They refer to the category of leukocytes, that is, white blood taurus. This is a special form of so-called granulocytes. They indirectly take part in the protection of the body from infections and stimuli.

The nature of education and the rate of content

Basophiles are formed in the bone marrow, namely in the granulocyte process. They fall into peripheral blood flow, distributing in this way on the tissues. There they perform their functions, lingering in the body to twelve days.

The human body in a small amount produces basophiles. The norm in relation to the general lymphocytic formula varies in the range of 0.5-1%. For healthy activities of this amount, it is quite enough, and any deviations often indicate pathological processes. The absolute value of the norm is 0.01-0.065 * 10 9 units per liter of blood.

Table: Norms of content of basophils and other forms of leukocytes

If adult basophils are increased, this condition is called basophilia. Minor fluctuations are allowed in some categories of people, for example, women, which is associated with the menstrual cycle and hormones.

To understand what basophiles are in blood test, it is necessary to consider their functions.

Functions of cells

Basophilia indicates malfunctions in certain areas of the body's work, for which the corresponding cells correspond.

Important! Directly basophiles are not involved in maintaining immunity. Other groups of lymphocytes are active.

Basophiles synthesize substances such as serotonin, heparin, histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, that is, highly active compounds that are able to influence the condition of a person, facing foreign stimulus.

The function of cells of this type is reduced to the following:

• participation in allergic reactions;
• identifying foci of inflammation and infections;
• provoke a reduction in smooth muscles, accelerating blood flow;
• contribute to the formation of new capillaries;
• phagocytosis;
• regulate blood clotting.

If the basophiles in the blood in adults are enhanced, it means that in one or several directions there was a need to increase the number of these cells due to a violation of normal life.

Important! The main task is to recognize and respond to allergens. At the same time, the reaction may flow rapidly in the form of an anaphylactic shock when participation is taken exclusively basophiles. With the addition of lymphocytes, slow motion allergies occur, less dangerous for humans.

Symptoms and reasons

Specific symptoms of the fact that basophiles in the blood are increased, it is difficult to highlight enough. It all depends on the cause that provoked deviations. In general, such conditions may be observed:

• weakness;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• skin rash, itching, redness;
• cough;
• tearing, swelling;
• pain in the joints;
• stool violation;
• spontaneous weight changes;
• increasing the spleen;
• problems with liver.

Explore the article on why may be on our website.

When the level of basophils rises above the norm, certain signs of pathology make themselves felt. It is extremely rare on oscillations nothing indicates. The absence of symptoms may be associated with changes in the body in women (menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy).

Also often happens that in the blood. In this case, you should familiarize yourself with the reasons for this pathology.

The main causes of basophilia are as follows:

• allergen reaction;
• chronic sinusitis;
• helmintosis;
• early stage of infectious diseases;
• immunity depletion;
• diseases of the hematopoietic system;
• anemia;
• thyroid dysfunction, diabetes;
• hepatitis;
• remote spleen;
• pulmonary oncology;
• chronic gastrointestinal diseases;
• carrying out radiation therapy;
• reception of hormonal drugs.

To clarify the exact picture and the causes of violations, it is necessary to carry out the detailed, as well as to hold a number of additional studies. This is especially true of those patients who have suspicions of presence of serious pathologies.

Solution to the problem

Certain basophils can be caused only by carrying out the qualitative treatment of the main disease that provoked its increase. Only after elimination of the stimulus is possible positive changes.

If we are talking about allergies, in order to find out which substances cause a unwanted reaction, the basophil activation test is carried out. To do this, use cells extracted from the patient's blood. The in vitro method is used, so as not to expose human health at risk and do not deliver discomfort during the experiment.

Normally, the relative number of basophils in the blood should not exceed 1%. Basophenia and basophilia can talk about the presence of inflammatory processes, blood diseases, etc.

The definition of basophils in the framework of the leukocyte formula of the clinical analysis of blood is carried out to identify inflammatory processes and allergic reactions.

The basophils themselves are a kind of leukocytes and are cells of blood obtained from the granulocytic sprout.

General

Basophiles belong to granulocytes that apply to peripheral blood. They produce bone marrow and throws into serum, after which they settled in the tissues. Life cycle Basophile is about 7-12 days.

In the event of the inflammatory process, basophils and other white calves are sent to the hearth. They are responsible for the production of histamine (the struggle against an allergic reaction), serotonin (neurotiator, overwhelming stress and depression) and heparin (substance that reduces blood coagulation).

Also, basophiles contain prostaglandins, which together with histamine bind the stimulus (allergen) and neutralize it. At this moment, the patient notes the development of inflammatory processes (increase in temperature, fever, weakness, tissue edema, etc.).

All this is a reaction to the strengthening of blood flow and an increase in permeability. blood vesselsFor which basophiles are responsible.

The main purpose of basophilov is to participate in the reaction of the hypersensitivity immediate and, less frequently, slow-type. They turn out to be among the first at the focus of inflammation and, as it were, call on other blood tales to combat foreign agents.

This process is called phagocytosis and is one of the functions of the human immune system. If the inflammatory process lasts more than 3 days, the bone marrow begins to produce more basophils.

This state in medicine is called basophilocytosis.

Also, basophiles affect blood clotting with a natural heparin, increase the permeability of capillaries, contribute to the creation of new vessels, stimulate a reduction in smooth muscle tissue.

Indications for analysis

Basophila analysis is needed in the following cases:

• planned preventive control;
• survey in front of surgical intervention;
• diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious processes, as well as blood diseases;
• control over the effectiveness of therapy.

Reducing the amount of white calorie (basopenia) in children can cause dysfunction endocrine system, violation of the blood formation process and, as a result, the development of leukemia. In women, bases may indicate a pregnancy.

Usually, research on basophils is not carried out separately, but decipher the results within the leukocyte formula. The level of basophilov gives an idea of \u200b\u200bvarious inflammatory processes, allergic reactions (important for diagnosing anaphylactic shock), oncological diseases (blood cancer).

The construction of the leukocyte formula is carried out on the basis of a deployed clinical analysis of blood.

Norma basophils

When deciphering the results of the leukocyte formula of the norm of basophils, the following indicators are considered:

• newborn - 0.75%;
• infants (1 month of life) - 0.5%;
• infants (2-12 months) - 0.4-0.9%;
• children (12 years old) - 0.7%;
• adolescents (from 12 to 21 years) - 0.6-1%;
• adults (older than 21 years) - 0.5-1%.

Immediately after birth, the number of basophils in humans is increased. This is due to the formation of an independent immune system. In the first month of life, the indicator drops a bit, stabilizes by 12 years and rises again in adulthood.

In the analysis form, you can see the following basophil indicators: v% (relative amount percentage to other leukocytes) and VA # (absolute amount that is normal is 0.01-0.065 * 109 grams / liter).

Enhance basophils (basophilia)

The condition develops with an increase in the number of basophils by more than 0.2 * 109 g / l.

Important!Basophilia may cause the reception of hormonal drugs (estrogens), anti-rampidal agents.

IN clinical practice The increase in basophils is rarely observed and characteristic of:

• diseases of the gastrointestinal organs (chronic form):
• blood system pathologies:
• individual reaction to the stimulus (allergy);
• stages of early remission of infectious diseases;
• hodgkin's disease (malignant pathology affecting the lymphatic system);
• hypothyroidism (thyroid failure, expressed in reducing its secretory function);
• oncology (blood cancer, lungs).

An increase in the number of basophils indicates a violation of immunity and an active invasion of a foreign agent. Also, chronic basophilia is noted in patients who removed the spleen.

Reducing basophils (basopenia)

In basic, the number of basophils is pathologically reduced (less than 0.01 * 109 g / l).

Important! The decrease in basophils is often noted in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is associated with an active increase in blood reserve (liquid phase) without increasing the number of blood cells. But in this case, bases are considered false and does not indicate a pathological process.

Also basophenia is observed during ovulation (middle of the menstrual cycle), during the reception of drugs of chemotherapy, corticosteroids and other "heavy" for the body of medicines.

The number of basophils can be reduced under a number of pathologies:

• infections and diseases in acute form;
• nervous and mental disorders;
• hyperthyroidism (increasing the secretory activity of the thyroid gland);
• acute lung inflammation.

Decipher the leukocyte form for the amount of basophils can only qualified specialist: therapist, infectiousness, hematologist or functional diagnostic.

• 8-12 hours before the procedure, the last meal is carried out, and in 2-4 hours - water;
• During the day before analyzing the analysis, the patient should abandon sports training, sexual relations (stress for the body), lifting weights and any other physically and psychological stressful situations. It should also be excluded from the diet to acute, oily food, semi-finished products and snacks (chips, crackers, etc.), alcoholic and tonic drinks (energy, strong coffee, etc.);
• Immediately before surrendering the blood, the patient informs the doctor about the reception of drugs and recently completed courses of medication therapy.

Source: http://www.diagnos.ru/procedures/analysis/ba.

Basophiles - norm

Basophiles are the most unmarried leukocyte group. They relate to the granulocytic meaning of white blood cells, are born and ripen in the bone marrow.

From it, basophiles move into peripheral blood and circulate only a few hours circulated. After that, the migration of cells in the tissue occurs.

There they are no more than twelve days and fulfill their mission: neutralizing foreign and malicious organisms unwanted for the human body.

Basophil functions

Basophiles contain inside of heparin granules, histamine, serotonin - biologically active substances.

When those come into contact with allergens, degranulation occurs, that is, the content is excreted outside the basophils. It helps to tie allergens.

A inflammatory focus is formed, which attracts other leukocyte groups with the ability to destroy alien and irrepressible guests.

Basophiles are prone to chemotaxis, that is, free movement over the tissues. There is such a movement under the action of special chemicals.

They have a predisposition and to phagocytosis - the absorption of malicious bacteria and microorganisms. But this is not the main and non-natural function for basophils.

The only thing that cells should be unconditionally carrying out is instant degranulation, which leads to an increase in blood flow, increase the permeability of the vessels, mobilizing other granulocytes directly into the focus of inflammation.

So, the main purpose of basophils is to submit allergens, limit their action and not miss the promotion of the body.

Blood basophilic

The normative content of basophils is usually determined as a percentage of the total totality of leukocytes: v%.

Measure the number of cells can both in absolute indicators: VA # 109 g / l.

The optimal number of basophilists remains unchanged throughout life (x109 g / l):

• minimum: 0.01;
• maximum: 0.065.

The specific weight of the cells is slightly dependent on age. For adults, the norm is in such borders: not less than half and no more than one percent.

For children, the optimal content of basophils is interpreted uniquely (in%):

• newborn Croha: 0.75;
• monthly age: 0.5;
• annual child: 0.6;
• up to 12 years: 0.7.

At first, the proportion of cells more (0.75%), then decreases to the year and increases again. After twelve years, the percentage of basophils should already be suitable for adults.

Deviations from the norm

Basophiles are elevated

Exceeding basophilies The norm is called basophilia. It is rarely found, but its reasons are well studied and known to those skilled in the art.

First of all, this is the manifestation of an allergic reaction.

Also, basophilia may accompany such ailments:

• Hematologic, i.e. blood diseases, in particular:
  • chronic myelolomicosis;
  • lymphogranulomatosis or Hodgkin's disease: more often occurs in adolescents, as well as the peaks of morbidity are observed in 20 and 50 years;
  • acute leukemia;
  • true polycythemia.
• Chronic inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Hypothyroidism.
• Acute hepatitis, which is accompanied by jaundice.
• Hemolytic anemia.

The reception of anti-ramp drugs or estrogen can also cause the growth of basophils.

Sometimes basophilia appears when there is not enough iron in the body. In rare cases, it warns the appearance of a neoplasm in the lungs.

If a person had an operation to remove the spleen, then basophilia would be his companion the rest of his life.

The growth of the specific gravity of cells in women is possible at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, as well as in the ovulation period.

Basophiles lowered

Reducing basophils outside the norm is basic. As far as it is difficult, it is not possible to estimate, since the lower value of the norm is too meager.

The decrease in basophils is observed when there are such pathologies in the body:

• Acute infectious diseases.
• Hyperthyroidism.
• Disease and Cushing Syndrome.
• Pneumonia.

The reason for the reduction of basophils can be experienced stress, as well as a long-term intake of corticosteroids.

Basophenia is not considered pathology for women who wear a child. It manifests itself in the third trimester of pregnancy. During this period, blood volumes rapidly increase, but there is an increase in plasma, and not the number of cells.

Their number remains within the normal range. Therefore, reduced basophiles in women in an interesting position are quite permissible phenomenon.

The decrease in the level of basophils below the norm may occur during the period of recovery from infectious ailments.

Cells are often completely disappearing from blood in the process of chemotherapy sessions or in treating some other complex and severe medical drugs.

How to return basophiles to normal

Separate treatment that allows you to return basophiles to normal, does not exist. There are alert therapy, which are accompanied by basophilia or basopenia.

And yet, if the study revealed the norms exceeded by cells, it will not hurt to take care to increase the content of vitamin B12 and iron in the body. They will help to normalize the blood formation and work of the brain.

You should not neglect natural sources in which there is B12. First of all, the diet needs to be diversified by the products of animal origin: meat, milk, eggs. Soy milk and yeast also contain B12.

Replenish iron reserves will help:

• liver of calf and chicken;
• a fish;
• red meat.

With moderate use of dry white wine, the absorption of iron is activated. This process may contribute to orange juice, which is not forbidden to drink in unlimited quantities (if there are no contraindications).

To adjust the level of basophils to a healthy person enough to go to proper nutrition And remove such unpleasant habits as tobacco and addiction to sturdy drinks.

In some cases, basophiles return to the norm after the abolition of certain medical preparations - in particular, anti-immediate or containing estrogens.

Source: http://onwomen.ru/bazofily.html.

The norm of basophils in the blood test, the causes of increasing the result

One of the most important indicators of general blood test is calculated leukocyte formula.

Counting percentage ratio different species leukocytes from the total number and is called leukocyte formula.

What kind of cages basophils

Basophiles in the total number of leukocytes occupy the small position. Normally, their number does not exceed 1% of all white blood tauros. They relate to granulocytes, that is, cells having granules in the cytoplasm with different biologically active substances.

Basophilic granules are intensively painted by the main aniline dye, hence the name of these cells. Under the microscope, they look like cells with a large weak-marked dark blue or purple nucleus (often s-shaped), they are filled with large granules painted in various shades of purple, the kernel behind these granules is poorly visible.

Basophilic leukocytes are formed in the bone marrow, then they enter the bloodstream, where they circulate only a few hours. Next, they come in fabric, where they perform their main function.

Why need basophiles

The main function of these cells is disintellation. They directly participate in the immune reactions of the body.

The granules of basophils contain histamine, heparin, serotonin, leukotrienes, as well as factors attracting inflammation of neutrophils and eosinophils.

The tissues are fat cells - analogues of basophils. They are very similar to each other in structure and functions. Scientists are still arguing about their origins. For a long time it was believed that basophils in the transition to tissue are converted into fat cells. Now more reliable version that they are differentiated far earlier and may occur from one predecessor.

Basophiles, like obese cells, have on their membrane receptors to Ig E (these are antibodies that are produced by lymphocytes in response to the admission of allergen). When an alien protein is admitted to the body, it binds to IG E, and the mechanism of the degranulation of basophils and mascotes (fat cells) is launched.

Biologically active substances come from a cell in tissue, cause expansion, as well as an increase in vessel permeability. This is the manifestation of allergies: there is a swelling of tissues, which externally can manifest edema of the mucous respiratory tract (attack bronchial asthma), the appearance of blisters on the skin, itching, redness, runny nose, tear.

As basophiles are considered and designated

On all academic canons leukocyte formula It is read by a laboratory assistant in a painted blood smear under the microscope.

Recently, hematological analyzers are almost everywhere in clinics. The principle of their work is the differentiation of cells by their volume, light effect, electrical resistance and other parameters. The advantage of hemoanalyzers is that they save time, and are also able to estimate a much larger amount of cells than manual counting.

However, the total leukocyte formula is able to issue not all of them. The easiest analyzer supplied to the clinic on the national project "Health", distinguishes leukocytes only by their volume and allocates 3 populations: granulocytes (GRN or GR), lymphocytes (LYM or LY), and middle cells (MID), which are most often associated with monocytes.

Basophiles with this analysis can be in both the GRN group and MID. Ideally, counting the leukocytic formula after the study, such an analyzer should be complemented by conventional smear microscopy, but this does not happen everywhere.

A more high-tech hemoanalyzer is able to distinguish between all 5 types of leukocytes. Basophiles in decoding are designated BAS or BA. If all automatic indicators are stacked back, recalculate does not produce. If the analyzer shows the deviations in the leukocyte formula, the doctor may assign a repeated analysis with the microscopy of the smear.

Why basophiles rises

basophiles in blood formula - no more than 1%. They may not be in a smear at all, this is not considered pathology.

The increase in basophils in the blood (basophilia) is rare enough.

What are the increased basophils talking about? As already mentioned, basophilic leukocytes are active participants in allergic reactions of both immediate and slow-down type. Therefore, the main reason is an allergy.

When allergen gets into the body, the fat cells are first reacting to it, that is, tissue basophiles. The focus of allergic inflammation is formed. Basophiles are rushed into this focus. During this period, their increase is noted.

The second cause of basophilia is enhanced their formation in the bone marrow. This condition may be with myeloid leukemia, eritremia and some other diseases of the hematopoietic system.

The main states in which basophiles can be increased

If basophiles are increased in an adult, then there may be several reasons:

It is believed that the value of the content of basophils in a child is somewhat lower than in adults (no more than 0.5%), but it is clear that this difference is very conditional. In any case, if a laboratory assists one basophil for 100 cells, the analysis will be 1% in the analysis, and it will not be pathology.

Increased basophiles in the child most often indicate an allergy or about glitstic invasion. Much less often the reason will be in the other. If the blood test is taken after vaccination, you can also observe basophilia.

A decrease or absence of basophils in the blood has no diagnostic value.

Possible questions about basophils

Question:
Is it necessary to scare in the blood of basophils?

Most often - no. If there is an explicit allergic reaction or an autoimmune disease In the stage of exacerbation, their promotion is stacked in clinical picture. Moreover, eosinophils are also rising. It is usually a temporary phenomenon, and after the start of treatment, everything comes to normal.

Another thing is, if basophilia is found in a person who does not bother nothing. Perhaps the additional examination will be required. But before this, blood test is recommended to repeat, preferably in another laboratory.

Question:
Increased basophils can be a sign of blood cancer?

Yes, maybe, but quite rare. And with this pathology, one of the basophils will almost never be elevated. "Red flags" should be a sharply increased or significantly reduced total number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, other changes in blood test.

Question:
Do you need to treat basophils in the blood?

Basophilia is a symptom. And you need to treat a disease. The asymptomatic increase in basophils is not needed.

Question:
The doctor prescribes a repeated analysis. Should I trust this doctor and this laboratory?

One analysis of the blood can never be done any conclusions. The doctor may doubt the analysis, and this is normal. It may be necessary to recalculate the formula manually after hardware analysis.

And finally, in medicine, there are quite often situations when some exercise and surveillance are required instead of an immediate expensive survey.

You can manifest the initiative and recount blood in another laboratory.

But if basophilia is observed in 2-3 consecutive analyzes, this is already a reason to pass a more thorough examination.

Source: http://zdravotvet.ru/bazofily-norma-povysheny-prichiny/

Why in the blood of basophiles increased, what does this mean?

The most small leukocyte group are basophils that perform many functions in the human body.

In particular, they not only support blood flow in small vessels and provide the migration path to other leukocytes in tissue, but also effectively affect the growth of new capillaries.

If the adult in the blood of basophiles is increased, then this indicates the development of the disease - basophilia. The reasons for this state are different, below we consider the main ailments, due to which basophiles in the blood rise above the norm.

Basophil functions

The main function of this type of granulocytes is involved in the inflammatory process and the development of allergic reactions, namely anaphylactic shock. In addition, basophiles blocked to the body through the skin toxins (poices insects and animals) and reduce blood intake due to the presence of heparin. At the site of the destruction of basophils there is an eats of fabrics, itching, redness.

You can summarize the basic functions of basophils in the human body:

• suppression and "blocking" allergens;
• an obstacle to the spread of alien particles in the body;
• preservation of the protective forces of the body;
• regulation of permeability and tone of microsoft;
• maintaining aqueous and colloidal state, as well as skin metabolism;
• neutralization of toxins and poisons, including insects;
• participation in coagulation and phagocytosis processes.

If basophiles are enhanced in an adult, it means that the problem must be sought in an anamnesis, analyze the previously transferred diseases, and the living conditions of the patient. Next, we consider in more detail why there are elevated basophiles in the blood in an adult, and what diseases lead to such indicators.

Norma basophils

The normal number of basophils varies depending on age and is calculated as a percentage relative to the total number of leukocytes in the blood:

• for adult: 0.5-1%;
• newborn: 0.75%;
• 1 month: 0.5%;
• 1 year: 0.6%;
• 2 years: 0.7%

As can be seen, the base of basophils in the blood ranges from 0.5% to 1% of the total number of leukocytes. In absolute value, it leaves about 0.3 nanolitra per liter of blood.

Causes of elevated basophils

Why is basophils in the blood of an adult, what does this mean? Various states can provoke an increase in basophil values \u200b\u200babove the norm, ranging from an immediate response to the administration of the drug and ending with a long inflammatory process.

Consider the main reasons for increased basophils in an adult:

1. Allergic reactions. In contact with the allergen, special granules contained in cells are released. Because of this, typical symptoms of allergies are coming: itching, rash, swelling, etc.
2. With sharp infectious diseases The liver is also basophiles enhanced.
3. Inflammation (including chronic), located in the gastrointestinal tract. Especially clearly the effect is observed during acute intestinal inflammation.
4. Often basophiles in the blood are increased during the period preceding menstruation.
5. Constant exposure to small doses of radiation (for example, it concerns those who work with x-ray apparatus).
6. Diseases of the circulatory system.

In this way, general analysis blood S. increased amount Basophilic granulocytes primarily indicate the penetration of someone else's antigen, which in its characteristics absolutely does not fit into the antigenic composition of this body, so the latter and trying to rejected the enemy as soon as possible.

Sometimes, the answer is very stormy and rapid (anaphylactic shock), then the patient requires the same rapid health care (Introduction of adrenaline, hormones), otherwise the sorrow will quickly come.

Physiological reasons

Physiological processes causing an increase in basophils:

1. When menstruation, at the beginning of ovulation, when the level of estrogen in the blood increases.
2. During the restoration of the body after the suffered infection.
3. Basophils increase as a result of a slight effect of radiation doses, radiologists suffer from it, laboratory technicians.
4. After receiving contraceptive drugs, which contains a large number of estrogen.

Thus, the causes of basophilia are many, so a thorough examination should be taken, to identify the cause of each specific case. Self-treatment is categorically unacceptable.

Increased basophiles in a child

What does it mean? The state when basophiles in the child are increased, is called basophilia and the causes of its occurrence are different:

1. Poisoning.
2. Insect bites.
3. Helminati infection ..
4. Hemolytic anemia.
5. Blood deficit iron
6. Chronic sinusitis.
7. Nephild syndrome.
8. Infectious diseases
9. Reception of some drugs.
10. Generalized allergy, medicinal or food.
11. Myxedema, or insufficient supply of tissues and organs of the hormones of the thyroid gland.
12. Blood Diseases: MOELOLOGICAL CHRONIC, leukemia is acute, true polycythemia, Hodgkin's disease.
13. Gastrointestinal pathology of chronic leakage, for example, ulcerative colitis. Basophiles may increase when switching acute disease to acute form.

The decrease in the level of basophils is possible only when timely treatment The main disease that has become the cause of increasing, while it is necessary to introduce products containing vitamin B12 into the diet (dairy, eggs, kidneys).

What to do if basophiles in blood are increased

In most cases, basophilia is cured if eliminating the immediate cause of its occurrence, in particular, cure the main disease. But in some cases, the high level of basophils may be observed from relatively healthy people., Then it is necessary to use these recommendations:

1. Increase the saturation of the body with vitamin B12, because it actively participates in the process of forming blood cells and the work of the brain. This can be done by taking special preparations or adding dishes from meat, kidneys, eggs and milk to its diet.
2. Include iron-containing vitamins and products in the diet: liver (especially chicken), buckwheat, fish and other seafood.

If blood basophiles are increased, in some cases, it suffices to cancel the reception of drugs: anti-random, estrogen-containing and similar. In women, basophilia can be observed during ovulation, in the first days of the menstrual cycle, as well as at the occurrence of pregnancy. This is due to the direct link between the level of estrogen and progesterone in the blood and the number of basophils.

Source: http://simptomy-lechenney.net/povyshennye-bazofily-v-krovi/

Basophiles: functions, norm, level increase in blood - cause, mechanism and manifestations

Basophiles (BASO) are a few group of representatives of the granulocytic series. These small (sizes less neutrophils) cells after formation come immediately to the periphery (in tissue), without creating a reserve in the bone marrow. Basophiles live for long, until the week.

They are weakly phagocyt, but in their task it is not included. Basophiles are carriers of receptors to immunoglobulin E, horizontal producers and other stimulating substances, take part in the process of coagulation (produce anticoagulant - heparin).

Fabric form of basophils - Mustocytes that are familiar with fatty cells. Basophiles are many in the skin, serous shells, as well as in connective tissue surrounding capillary vessels. These leukocytes still have many useful propertiesTrue, the basophils themselves in the blood of all are nothing - 0-1%, but if the body has a need for them, the number will increase them.

Reduced values \u200b\u200bdoes not happen

The norm of basophils in peripheral blood in adults is 0-1%But this does not mean that they may not be in the body at all, for example, the allergic reaction of their intensive intensive activates and their number will increase. There is no such thing as "basophilia" in medical practice.

Despite the fact that the leukocyte formula in children has features to change with age, experiencing two crossings, basophils all these changes relate - they remain on one digit of the norm - on average 0.5% (0-1%), and in a newborn baby They are generally not always possible to meet in a smear.

In general, the ratio of white cells in the formula (as a percentage) in infants may noticeably vary even during the day (crying, anxiety, the introduction of adhesiveness, change in temperature, disease), therefore, to obtain a more accurate result, the results assess the results in absolute values.

The absolute content of basophils will normally be within the limits: from 0 to 0.09 x 109 / l (0.09 giga / liter).

Reasons increased values Basophiles can be various states, Starting from the immediate reaction to the introduction of the drug and ending with a long-term inflammatory process. In short, the levels of these cells are increased in the case of:

• Acute hypersensitivity reactions;
• Some hematological diseases (hemophilia, eritremia, hemolytic anemia, chronic myeloid leukemia)
• After the introduction of preventive vaccines;
• Viral infections (windmill, flu);
• Rheumatoid arthritis;
• Tuberculosis process;
• Iron deficient anemia;
• Nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
• Malignant neoplasms from epithelial tissue.

Thus, the overall blood test with an increased amount of basophil granulocytes primarily indicates the penetration of someone else's antigen, which in its characteristics absolutely does not fit into the antigenic composition of this body, so the latter and trying to turn the enemy as soon as possible. Sometimes, the answer is very stormy and rapid ( anaphylactic shock), then the patient requires the same rapid medical care (the introduction of adrenaline, hormones), otherwise the sorry will quickly come.

Important functions of the small group

On the surface of basophils, a large number of stimulating substances are concentrated, receptors to immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokines, complement. They carry out immediate-type reactions (granulocyte-dependent type), where these cells play a major role. We can see the participation of basophils in the development of anaphylactic shock. Seconds - and man requires emergency help.

Basophiles produce histamine, serotonin, heparin, proteolytic enzymes, peroxidase, prostaglandins and other biologically active substances (BAV), which until time stored in their granules (here it turns out that they are needed for what). The hitting of a foreign antigen forces basophils to quickly migrate into the place of "accident" and throw away the Bav from its granules, and thereby contribute to the guidance of order at problem areas (expansion of capillaries, healing of wound surfaces, etc.).

As noted, basophiles - participants in the production of natural anticoagulant - heparin, preventing blood coagulation where there is no need for an anaphylaxis, when there is a real danger of development thrombohemorgic syndrome.

Emphasizing the functional abilities of tissue fat cells, basophiles on their surfaces focus on high-affinity binding sites (they are called high-atground receptors - FcεR), which ideally meet the needs of the immunoglobulins of this class (E).

These sections, that is, FCεR receptors, unlike other FC structures, have the ability to bind the antibodies fluid in the bloodstream, why are the high-attic.

Since basophiles from nature are endowed with the advantage to possess similar receptors, then freely floating antibodies quickly "feel", "sit down" on them and firmly "stick" (associated).

By the way, eosinophils also have the same receptors, so they always accumulate in the zones of the reactions of the hypersensitivity of the immediate type, where together with basophilists perform effector function (cells-effects of IgE-indirect allergic reactions).

Schematically, all this interaction between antibodies and basophilic granulocyte receptors can be represented as follows:

1. Antibodies, moving along the bloodstream, are looking for suitable receptors, which are located on the membranes of basophilic leukocytes. Having found the desired object, antibodies are attached to it, which is able to attract similar antigens specificity.
2. Antigens, penetrating into the body, fall to waiting for them, associated with basophilic granulocytes, antibodies.
3. When interacting with antibodies, the specific antigens are "stitched" with them, as a result of which the IGE aggregates are formed.
4. Receptors will signal basophiluses and fat cells on the launch of the local response reaction. This causes them to be activated and start the allocation of the contents of the granules, that is, biogenic amines and other mediators of the hypersensitivity of the immediate type.
5. In one instant of the granules of basophils (degranulation), histamine with serotonin and heparin, causing the local extension of the microcirculatory vessels in the focus of inflammation. The permeability of the capillary walls increases, the blood flow in this area is enhanced, the liquid is accumulated in the surrounding tissues, the granulocytes circulating there are raised from the blood flow to the "catastrophe". With degranulation, the basophils themselves do not suffer, the viability remains preserved, it is simply all arranged that the granules are sent to the periphery of the cell and through the membrane pores outward.

Such a rapid reaction can be a protector of the body or serve as a factor attracting other participants in the infectious focus of other participants in the immune response:

• Neutrophils with all properties of phagocytic cells;
• Macrophages and monocytes, exciting and processing alien substances;
• Lymphocytes destroying antigens or giving commands to produce antibodies;
• Antibodies themselves.

But nevertheless, first of all, such events (the reaction of an immediate type) make up the basis for the development of anaphylaxis, and then perceived in another quality.

For histamine and serotonin, a long-term action is not typical, because these substances cannot exist long. Meanwhile, the local inflammatory center does not disappear with the termination of serotonin and histamine, the fight against infection is maintained at the expense of other components of the reaction (cytokines, vasoactive metabolites - leukotrienes and other substances produced in the focus of inflammation).

Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis and emergency shock

Clinically allergic (anaphylactic) reaction can manifest itself:

1. Anaphylactic shock, which refers to the most severe manifestations of allergies (loss of consciousness, fall arterial pressure) and requires immediate medical care;
2. Attack of suffocation in patients-asthmatics;
3. Continuous sneezing and swelling of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis);
4. The appearance of rash (urticaria).

Obviously, the fastest response of the body on the admission of alien antigen is anaphylactic shock. The time of the offensive is seconds.

Many people witnessed or experienced cases when insect bite (more often than bee) or administration of drugs (usually novocaine in the dentist) caused a sharp drop in pressure, which created a threat to life.

This is an anaphylactic shock that a person who survived a similar horror should be remembered for the rest of his life, because the second case will develop even more rapidly. However, each subsequent answer is heavier than the previous - antibodies are already there. And well, if there is a copper first-aid kit with adrenaline and glucocorticoids nearby ...

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