When arises headacheWe are familiar to those who save painkillers. But this symptom can be a manifestation of hypertension that requires special treatment. However, most hypertensive are not aware of the disease, considering their ailments of trifling, and do not rush to contact the doctor. What turns around such frivolity?

Vessels suffer from high pressure

"The pressure can increase during exercise and decrease when a person is resting. This is the normal mechanism provided for by nature, "says the head of the Myocardial Infarction and Recovery Treatment of the Cardiology Institute. N. Strazesko Professor Valentin Shumakov. - However, the persistent increase in blood pressure creates an excessive voltage in the vessels and harm them. They lose their elasticity and begin to cope poorly with the load, especially if a person is experiencing stress or hard worries. Factors contributing to the development of hypertension to our turmoil, many: stress, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol abuse, smoking. "

According to Professor Shumakova, usually, at elevated pressure, there is a pain in the back of the head. Before your eyes can appear "flies", dizziness arises, nausea, sometimes vomiting, rapid heartbeat. Waking up in the morning, a person notes that he has eats his face. In addition to heart failure and brain circulation disorders, regular increase arterial pressure It is fraught with hemorrhages in the retina, renal failure. Hypertensive changes the properties of blood - it becomes more viscous. Due to the fact that the fat exchange is disturbed, atherosclerotic plaques appear in the vessels. The heart is required to spend even more effort to push the blood according to the vessels, which, again, leads to an even greater increase in pressure.

To date, the upper boundary of the norm for an adult is considered to be pressure 140/90. Higher digits should be a reason to appeal to the doctor. The so-called soft hypertension at which the pressure is 150/100, very cunning. In this case, the disease may not manifest, slowly pushing health. But the moment comes when he declares a sharp pressure jump - for thirty percent above the norm. The vessels may not withstand the load that sometimes leads to such severe complications as a stroke or heart attack.

It is impossible to cure, you can control

Experts say that hypertensive disease cannot be cured, but you can control, preventing exacerbations.

You will need a tonometer - a pressure measurement device. He must become the same common subject in the home first aid kit, like a thermometer. Those who are forty, pressure should be measured daily. The same applies to people whose relatives suffer from cardiovascular diseases.

At home, a tonometer with a phoneneoscope is used or a more modern electronic apparatus. Learn to use it. Before measuring the pressure, sit quietly 10-15 minutes. If the tonometer arrow regularly rolls over 150 to 90 - urgently consult a doctor. The specialist will determine the appearance of your hypertension and prescribe treatment.

In addition to drugs, overcome hypertension helps adequate perception of life adversity. Hormone Stress Adrenaline makes the heart beat more often. As a result, the pressure rises.

Dump put food. Excess sodium in the body can lead to arterial spasm, fluid delay and increase pressure.

Follow the body weight. It is believed that every kilogram of excess weight increases pressure by 2 mm. RT. Art.

Alcohol and cigarettes are the worst enemies of hypertension. The use of alcohol should be minimized or refusing it at all. The same with smoking. Components of tobacco smoke, falling into the blood, cause spasm of vessels.

Seven steps from hypertension

Hypertensive disease is one of the most common diseases in modern world. According to statistics, each fourth Russian has increased blood pressure, and after 65 years, hypertension occurs in each second. So, you were diagnosed with hypertensive disease. What do you need to know about it? What threatens the high blood pressure? And most importantly - how to be treated? How to stop the disease and avoid complications? Such questions most often ask me patients.

First, what is considered hypertension. Most recently, the diagnosis of hypertension was raised in cases where the blood pressure was above 160/95 mm Hg. Art. However, in the 90s of the 20th century, the criteria of hypertensive disease were revised and tightened. Now Russian doctors and their foreign colleagues enjoy a single classification of the stages of improving blood pressure. If the indicators on the tonometer exceed 140/90 mm Hg. Art. You can already talk about elevated arterial pressure. The doctor who marked you have increased pressure must re-measure to confirm the presence of your hypertensive disease. By the way, an important factor plays a role here - for some people a visit to the doctor's office is a certain stress. The person begins to worry, and the pressure, respectively, increases. This condition in medicine even got its name - "Hypertension of White Kolata". In such cases, blood pressure must be measured several times, if possible, in comfortable conditions for a patient, for example at home. If, under these conditions, the pressure will be above 140/90 mm Hg. Art. It is worth talking about hypertension.

The cause of increased blood pressure, as a rule, lies in a hypertensive disease, when the regulation of the tone of the vessels is primarily broken, but there are cases when high numbers on a tonometer are a sign (or symptom) of other diseases, such as disorders in the work of the kidneys, endocrine system, violations of the vessel structure et al. In such cases, they talk about symptomatic arterial hypertension. Diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic hypertension are complex and require compulsory observation from a specialist.

But back to hypertension.

Over the past century, the lifestyle of people has changed dramatically: they began to eat otherwise, physical activity decreased, the number of stresses increased significantly. Man turned out to be biologically unprepared for such changes.

What is happening? Initially, blood pressure can increase in response to physical Load, stressful situation, when smoking, drinking alcohol. If these adverse factors repeat often and especially if there is a hereditary predisposition, hypertensive disease begins to form. In vessels, changes are gradually arising, which are aggravated by atherosclerosis. In general, hypertension and atherosclerosis are interconnected and strengthen each other.

Here are the main factors contributing to the development of hypertension:

♦ Smoking,

♦ high level Cholesterol in blood,

♦ Availability cardiovascular diseases Family members (genetic predisposition),

♦ Low physical activity,

♦ age older than 60 years

♦ menopause and menopausal period in women.

If two or more listed factor are combined, the risk of obtaining hypertension increases. Please note that from such risk factors, like smoking, high cholesterol and low physical activity, you can get rid of changing lifestyle.

Hypertensive disease is not always accompanied by obvious signs - headache, dizziness, unpleasant sensations in the heart area. Often, the increase in blood pressure is fixed by chance - with a general medical examination or when contacting the doctor, quite different about another occasion. But if the doctor revealed with you hypertension, then with a deeper and careful examination, as a rule, changes in the state of the heart, kidneys, eyes find changes. This means that the disease has existed for a long time, and the man just does not know about her. There are cases when, hitting the hospital already with a stroke or infarction, the patient will first find out that he has hypertension.

What threatens the increase in blood pressure?

If the hypertensive disease is not treated from the very beginning of its occurrence, changes occur in many organs. Previously, others, as a rule, are affected by the brain vessels, which leads to a decrease in its blood supply. This can manifest itself dizziness, headaches, instability when walking, decreased memory and disability, with general weakness. And most importantly, people's lifespan in people with an untreated hypertension is reduced by 10-15 years.

One of the most terrible complications for hypertension is a stroke - damage to a certain brain zone due to hemorrhage or limiting blood supply. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that strokes are not always developing at very high pressure. They can occur in the arterial pressure of 150 / 90-160 / 100 mm RT. Art.

With hypertension, the heart is striking. You may have already had to hear about the diagnosis of "left ventricle hypertrophy". Let's see what it means. The heart mainly consists of muscle tissue and works as a pump. Imagine that it comes from every reduction in pumping blood under high pressure. Heart muscle (like any other), working with overload, over time thickened - this is a phenomenon and called hypertrophy. With hypertensive disease, first of all, the left ventricle is changed, that is, the left ventricular hypertrophy develops, and the heart vessels remain the same, and for increased muscle mass, the blood supply becomes insufficient. With a long hypertensive disease, heart failure can subsequently be formed, in which the heart weakens and cannot fully pump blood. A shortness of breath appears, legs swell, there is a stagnant fluid in the lungs and other organs.

Hypertension is connected with the work of the kidneys. On the one hand, the kidneys can directly participate in the development of hypertension, on the other - high pressure damages the kidney, up to the development of renal failure.

Another target for hypertension is eyes. As a result of the disease, changes occur in the eye day, which leads to a decrease in visual acuity, and in extreme cases - to the retina hemorrhage.

Finally, high blood pressure can be one of the factors for the development of dementia (dementia).

The picture I painted, someone will seem too dark. It turns out that a person who is ill hypertension is doomed to suffering. But, fortunately, it is not. Hypertension is "grateful", as doctors say, the disease, since control over arterial pressure is to perform the task. With properly selected treatment and maintenance of blood pressure on normal levelFirst, it is possible to avoid heavy complications, and secondly, to increase the life expectancy. I want to emphasize that the success of treatment depends on the joint efforts of the doctor and the patient.

Unfortunately, it happens it is difficult to change the usual way of life - abandon your favorite dishes, quit smoking, start doing physical education. But, you see, health and full life is invaluable, and for the sake of Etogr it is worth working.

Let's start with the fact that a person can change independently. To do this, you need to do only seven steps.

First step - throw smoking. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for the development of heart attacks and strokes. During smoking, arterial pressure can increase, even if a person does not suffer from hypertension. The longer smoking, the more deep changes are developing not only in the lungs, but also in vessels. Medical practice shows that people who have never smoked or have long refused this harmful habit, hypertensive disease occurs more easily than smokers.

The second step is to reduce the consumption of the cook salt. The brilliant therapist E.M.Tareyev believed that an excess of the cooking salt in our food is the main factor in the development of hypertension. He even offered to allocate as one of the types of illness - "salt hypertension". On the day it is permissible to use no more than 4-6 g of salts. Its large quantity is contained in salt fish, clear and fish canned food, cheese, sausages, pickled and salted vegetables, sauces, semi-finished products. With hypertension, these products must be excluded from the diet. And so that food without salt seemed too fresh, replace salt with seasonings and greens - a laurel sheet, mint, nutmeg, dry mustard, dill, basilic. A lemon, pepper, onions, garlic can be added to the dishes. The most interesting thing is that people who have reduced salt consumption begin to understand the real taste of food.

Third step - get rid of overweight. Weight reduction will allow you not only to better endure exercise, but also more successfully supported with medications the optimal level of blood pressure. Sometimes when weight drops, it is even possible to reduce the dose of drugs taken. How to reduce weight? This is written a lot. Therefore, we emphasize only some moments important for hypertensive.

Exclude fatty meat, sausages, canned meat, sub-products, baking, sweetness from daily diet. Limit cheese, butter cream. Replace most of the animal fat with vegetable oils - olive, sunflower, corn, soy. From Margarins, choose soft varieties. Eggs can only be consumed boiled, no more than 2-3 times a week.

Prefers to post meat and bird, better veal and chickens (be sure to cut the skin). Beautiful lean dietary product - turkey meat. Prevention of atherosclerosis contributes to the use of fish (cod, mackerel, sturgeon). Vegetables can be recommended bean, carrots, broccoli cabbage, onions, from fruits - apples, plums, grapefruits.

Such nutrition helps to normalize the lipid (fat) composition of the blood, so it will be suitable for people without overweight.

The fourth step - regularly perform exercise. The most useful - those that bring pleasure are combined with the fresh air stay and train to a greater degree not a hand, and legs, such as walking, swimming, cycling. Elderly can be advised to regularly perform tireless exercises with a duration of 30-45 minutes 3-5 times a day. Hypertensive should not be lifted in gravity, make sharp movements. Competitions also do not fit them, because they can cause a sharp rise in blood pressure. Of course, it is impossible to engage in physical education immediately after eating. And also advice: if you feel dizziness during exercises, the pain in the chest, weakness, immediately stop them. In this case, only the doctor will help you choose a safe degree of load.

The fifth step is to reduce alcohol consumption. The daily dose of alcoholic beverages should not exceed 30 ml. It is this quantity (no more!) Will act as a medicine, preventing atherosclerosis, which almost always accompanies hypertension. If you drink more, the risk of obtaining hypertension increases.

Sixth step - learn to relax. People overloaded by affairs, who are always lacking time, often notice the flashes of hot tempering, impatient, which causes excessive emotional tension, and it does not most effect on the state of the cardiovascular system. How to deal with it? Analyze in a relaxed atmosphere, in what situations you most often occur the condition of the nervous voltage. Imagine one of them, lose it in your imagination and try to relax using simple relaxation techniques. Do, for example, the following exercise. Sit back, put on your knees with palms up. Focus on my breath. Imagine that with each breath, the body is filled with energy, and it fails with each exhale, weakens anxiety.

Try to better organize your vacation - more walk, perform tireless physical exercisesI enjoy your pleasure.

Very important and full sleep. If you have insomnia, I recommend valerian tinctures (sold in a pharmacy) or the infusion of a hearth dye: 1 tbsp. A spoonful of crushed leaves or herbs to pour 1 glass of boiling water, insist for 2 hours, closing tightly with a lid, strain. Take 1 tbsp. A spoon is 3-4 times a day for 1-2 hours before meals and before bedtime. I do not keep infusion, you'dably brew fresh every day.

Seventh step - follow your arterial pressure. Pressure must be learned to measure at home. Digital blood pressure indicators will give you more objective information than just control over the general condition. You can evaluate the effectiveness of the medications taken and, if necessary, change them. In addition, so you exclude the "White Kolata Hypertension", which has already been said.

A little about the instruments for measuring pressure. They are three species: mechanical, electronic with manual pumping cuff and electronic with automatic pumping cuff. Mercury sphygmom-nometers are considered the most accurate.

Working with electronic devices does not require special training. Measure arterial pressure using a mechanical tonometer is also very simple. Lock the cuff over the elbow fold. Put the membrane of the phonenendoscope under the cuff on the shoulder artery (slightly above the elbow bend). Punify the cuffs need to quickly so that the arrow reaches the numbers slightly above the alleged systolic ("top") pressure. But it is a little, otherwise you can get overestimated numbers. To blow the cuff should be slowly - with a speed of 2-3 mm Hg. Art. per second. For the systolic pressure indicator, the appearance of the first tone (after the silence period, the heartbeat becomes heard). As the cuff plugs, the tones are becoming more and more clear, and then disappear. At the time of their disappearance, the diastolic-kone is fixed ("Lower") pressure.

When measuring blood pressure, observe several conditions:

♦ Measure pressure is better in the sitting position, after a fifteen-minute rest, in a quiet, room, in a relaxed atmosphere;

♦ Before measuring the pressure, one should not smoke, at least for half an hour;

♦ The tonometer cuff (the same part of it enters the air) should cover, even with very complete hands, at least 80% of the patient's shoulder circumference, otherwise you can get incorrect indicators;

♦ Measurement must be performed 2 times with an interval of 2 minutes. If the numbers differ in more than 5 mm Hg. Art. Third dimension should be performed. The average value of all measurements and will show your pressure.

Sometimes, when measuring the pressure, difficulties arise, for example, the difference in indicators in different hands. There are a number of reasons for that. This difference becomes more pronounced with age, with atherosclerosis, with hypertension. At right-hander right hand With a more developed musculature, blood pressure indicators may be slightly higher than on the left. This is not worth it. But which of the indicators received for the correct? For more informative take more high indicator Systolic ("Upper") pressure and a lower dia-metropolitan ("lower").

Sometimes, when measuring pressure, difficulties arise due to violations. heart Rhythm. In this case, it is better to make several measurements and use the mechanical tonometer.

Irina Belova

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How to avoid hypertension

Hypertension - increased blood pressure - a disease that represents a real threat not only to health, but also a person's life. Arterial pressure, elevated for a long time, can cause a violation of heart function, brain, kidneys, and in the absence of treatment - lead to myocardial infarction, brain stroke, angina, dementia.

Attention! This can lead to a lack of potassium, sodium accumulation in the blood and, as a result, an increase in blood pressure.

Hypertension (it is arterial hypertension) Is a cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by high arterial pressure. What is dangerous hypertension and that this is generally knows not everyone. Also, do not everyone know that each age group has its own indicator of blood pressure standards, and, it means, different indicators may be considered a disease.

In the blood pressure indicator there are 2 digits. The first (it is also the top) denotes systolic pressure, which depends on the force of pushing the heart of the blood in the vessels.

The second (or lower) digit indicates the diastolic pressure. It depends on the elasticity of blood vessels and their ability to hold blood flow.

Normal arterial pressure indicators in humans fluctuate in the range from 120 to 130 systolic and from 70 to 90 diastolic. Measurements are made at least 3 times within a day in a person at rest. The perfect pressure is 120 to 70.

Symptoms

Hypertension at first proceeds asymptomatic. You can just notice irritability, increased fatigue, dizziness and headaches. But many people on it simply do not pay special attention, considering the result of fatigue. It seems to them that it is worth just to relax - and everything will pass. But in fact, it should be for a person a reason to control the level of its blood pressure.

The only symptom of hypertension in initial stage It is precisely high pressure, and resistant. Resistant is not caused by a short-term jump due to stress or any emotional reaction, but having a chronic character.

Those who do not use regularly tonometer (and such most), you need to pay attention to the following symptoms increased pressure:

Risk group

High pressure with a large probability can develop in the following groups:

What could cause the disease?

Hypertension is two species - primary and secondary. What caused primary, today it is unknown for now.

About 10% of all cases of high pressure, its cause is the disease of the internal organs. This is called secondary (or symptomatic) arterial hypertension.

Newborn children can be due to next disease: Coarse aorta, congenital kidney anomalies, renal artery thrombosis.

In all other, secondary hypertension can be caused by endocrine pathologies (Izsenko-Cushing syndrome, congenital adrenogenital syndrome, horse, feuhromocytoma), some cardiovascular diseases (for example, insufficiency aortic valve). Also, secondary hypertension may have renal origin (renal arterial stenosis, chronic and acute jade).

As for the primary hypertension, there may be several reasons. Samoa frequent cause High blood pressure is atherosclerosis. Moreover, the opposite statement - hypertension can lead to atherosclerosis. In addition, the following may result in hypertension: a sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of salt and saturated fats, stress.

Risks: What can lead to?

First of all, the danger of high blood pressure is to increase the risks of atherosclerosis. The speed of blood flow accelerates the walls blood vessels They are injured, the swirls increase and becomes more destroyed platelets. All of these factors contribute to the occurrence of atherosclerosis.

What else could be the consequences of hypertension? It leads to violations in the work of internal organs and entire organism systems. Consider this in more detail:

All these unpleasant consequences may occur if the high pressure is left without proper treatment.

Woman, age 56 years old. The challenge came in 10-30. According to relatives, in the evening there were a strong headache complaints. In the morning, the speech was broken, the patient could not get out of bed.

Anamnesis. Woman 13 years old is observed at the therapist because of hypertension.

Objectively. The condition is severe, patient in consciousness. Hyperemia face. Blood pressure (blood pressure) - 250 per 130. Czech - 90 per minute. On the face of asymmetry "Oskala". Abruptly reduced muscle tone in the left limbs. Lubricated speech.

Diagnosis: brain infarction.

Events. 10 ml of magnesium solution (25%) intravenously, sodium chloride in an isotonic solution is 10 ml. 4 glycine tablets under the tongue. For 20 min, the state stabilized, blood pressure - 190 per 100. The patient was hospitalized.

Preventive measures

Warning of the disease is much easier for its subsequent treatment.

Summary

Factors increasing the risk of hypertension and aggravating its consequences can be divided into 2 groups:

• Subject to independent elimination (or with medical help). This is a decrease in cholesterol, weight loss, reduction in salt consumption, etc.
• Factors to get rid of which is impossible. This is heredity and age.

Everyone who can attribute to the second group must be very careful to follow health and keep pressure under control.

Hypertension treatment - the process of time consuming and long

It is important to understand that as a chronic disease, hypertension is impossible to cure finally and irrevocably. This diagnosis will always be accompanied, but by regulating the lifestyle and reception of certain medical drugs, it is possible to significantly improve the state and feel quite comfortable

It is controlling the disease - the ultimate goal of each patient with a diagnosis of hypertension. Conservation of performance, as well as the exclusion of exacerbations and deterioration - the main task in the treatment of hypertension.

Hypertension is treated with a complex of drugs, combining different tablets in individually necessary doses. This is a more efficient method that allows you to combine the drugs of a different mechanism of action and distribute dosages with regard to the patient's condition.

A single daily reception helps stabilize pressure for the whole day, so a clear followation of the recommendations of the doctor will help gain good health for a long period. It is important to remember that even with a significant improvement in the receptions cannot be discontinued. Only regular use - a pledge of a stable effect

Non-media treatment of moderate hypertension is allowed when the sick consciously refers to his health and is ready to change its habits, nutrition and physical exertion. Low-lived and resolving diet, refusal of alcohol and tobacco, phytotherapy and other methods of treating hypertension without drugs give excellent results if the patient is not skeptical. For relaxation and alignment of emotional and mental state Also prescribe music and acupuncture.

Violation of the central nervous system

With hypertension, there is a sharp change in pressure. If the patient has progressing arterial hypertension, then a great chance of brain damage.

Arterial hypertension can cause:

• headaches;
• strokes;
• other consequences.

A sharp increase in blood pressure in veins is much stronger than the walls of the brain vessels and their fortress is reduced.

More launched stages of the central nervous system, and in particular the activity of the brain, can lead to a stroke (hemorrhage or blocking of parts of the vessels in the crust).

Insult, in turn, can dramatically reduce the lifetime or active human activity.

What is arterial hypertension

It is difficult to explain to a person who do not have medical knowledge, which is arterial hypertension, so you should entrust the diagnosis and treatment of pathology to a qualified physician. It makes it difficult the therapy with the necessity of constant dynamic control of blood pressure and target organs.

There are 2 types of hypertension:

• Primary;
• Secondary.

The primary form arises due to the spasm of small capillaries against the background of innervation disorders or excessive accumulation of fluid, which is transported through blood vessels.

The secondary increase in pressure occurs against the background of other diseases: the defeat of the thyroid and parachitoid glands, diseases of the kidneys and liver.

To figure out what arterial hypertension is, we propose to consider the mechanism for adjusting the level of pressure in the body.

In the vessels pressure is not constant. It is regulated by systole and diastole. Systolic reduction of the heart causes blood discharge by a large circle. Depending on the strength, the amount and intensity of blood flow is formed.

Diastole is determined by the elasticity of the walls of the vessels. If the plaques of cholesterol are postponed in them, diastolic pressure may increase (in the people it is called "Lower").

The relationship between these components determines the main characteristics of the level of hypo or hypertension.

The "central control unit" reduction of the heart and blood vessels is in the brain (bulbar). She is enough complex mechanism and consists of humoral and neurogenic components. The relationship between these individual factors is determined on the basis of the interaction of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers.

The functionality of the nervous system is influenced by external stimuli, with which a person is found. Excessive body weight, nervous stress and reinforced heart activity lead to active work sympathetic system. It causes the narrowing of blood vessels. Long-term experiences form a persistent focus of excitation ("dominant") in the brain, which will lead to constant activity of sympathy.

Enhanced heart activity also leads to the predominance of a sympathetic system over parasympathetic. If a person has congenital heart defects, an increase in sympathetic activity occurs. In such a situation, the use of soothing plant means is rationally to prevent arterial hypertension.

The mechanism of narrowing capillaries under the influence of sympathetic pulses lies in the blockade of nitrogen oxide, which is a physiological mediator of the expansion of blood vessels. In violation of the receipt of this substance in the vascular wall, the reduction of smooth muscle fibers is disturbed. Relaxation of the tone of peripheral vessels leads to a decrease in blood flow in big Circle blood circulation, which causes the drop in blood pressure.

Another interesting link of essential hypertension is the blockade of hormones of adrenal cortex. If the dangerous situation occurs, the process of adrenaline and norepinephrine is activated reflexively. These hormones produce adrenal glands. The substances increase the frequency of heart cuts, increase the minute blood release and amplify vascular tone.

Thus, if a person is long exposed to nervous stress and experiences, he does not avoid hypertension. The probability of the disease increases against the background of frequent use of the cook salt.

What is the danger of arterial hypertension

Pressure negatively affects the vessels, they become inelastic, damage. If the flow of blood is strong, then the vessels are bursting, hemorrhage occurs. The heart attack is not only cordial, and may occur in the body in which there are vessels that have lost elasticity.

Hypertension appears due to the violation of the functions of the tone of the vessels, which occurs due to strong unrest, stress.

Often the cause of increased pressure is heredity, if someone in the genus was hypertension, then the probability increases.

More often a dangerous disease appears after 40, but now it is young and can even appear in very young people. All both men and women are subject to.

Men should not be indifferent to high pressure, ignore the symptoms of the disease, to transfer on their feet, as mortality due to heart attacks, male strokes above.

Sometimes hypertensive disease is not manifested. Listen carefully to your body, analyze changes in well-being.

Each day, measure pressure and with deviations take medications assigned by the doctor.

Warning symptoms of arterial hypertension

The main symptoms of arterial hypertension:

• headache, when it appears, do not drink painkillers, and measure the pressure;
• blood from the nose;
• noise in ears;
• insomnia;
• flies before eyes;
• pain in the eyes, as if they were putting on them;
• heaviness in the head;
• weak heart rhythm;
• swelling;
• fast fatiguability;
• blush skin face;
• vomiting;
• worsening memory;
• strong heartbeat.

These neurotic symptoms. Heart failure appears in the late stage when due to the increased pressure of the heart muscle is overwhelmed.

Sometimes high pressure is physiological feature From birth, but more often appears with age, due to strong neuropsychiatric loads, stress.

There is such a job when a person is constantly tense at work, and he cannot be relaxed. In this case, the tension accumulates, is negatively reflected on the vessels and a sharp jump of pressure and hemorrhage in the brain may occur, that is, stroke.

The second risk group - people who had a concussion that have intracranial pathologies have happened.

What else can cause arterial hypertension?

Age. The vessels are not young, atherosclerosis can develop, aggravating the disease. With a strong spasm of blood vessels, the blood to the brain, heart, the kidney practically does not come.

If there is cholesterol plaques on the walls, the blood can stop flowing to the most important organs. A heart attack or stroke can happen.

Therefore, with age, it is necessary to monitor the power so that extra cholesterol does not fall into the body.

In women, high pressure may appear in hormonal changes during the climax period.

Salt, smoking, alcohol, excess weight, increase the load on the heart and it is quickly wearing and may not withstand a hypertensive crisis.

Therefore, your task is:

• refuse salty and smoked;
• fight bad habits;
• try to reset extra kilograms.

Conclusion: arterial hypertension Dangerous disease. When we move little, the blood does not circulate, it is forced, the heart begins to work more intense and does not cope with the load. Therefore, every 40 minutes walk, make a workout. We still know from school and follow useful rule constantly!

If the diastolic pressure is raised

High lower pressure reflects the poor state of peripheral vessels: the lumen of the walls, the muscular layer of the vessels lost the ability to stretch. With an elevated diastolic indicator, it is possible to conclude about the presence of atherosclerosis in the vessels, as well as about the problems with the kidneys.

Hypertension - serious disease. But you should not be afraid of it, you just need to know and not forget. If you constantly be alert, all dangerous complications will be part of the party. To do this, it is necessary to make a habit of regularly measuring the pressure. It is best to purchase your own domestic measuring instrument. Noticing that the pressure began to rise, it is necessary to take action urgently. It is necessary to relate to this seriously, do not neglect the advice of doctors, if necessary, to make adjustments to the daily lifeguards. Only preventive measures Stop the disease from the veryest.

Hypertension danger of the disease

To the table of contents \u003e\u003e Hypertension is dangerous

Hypertension ( ) - one of the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and on the contrary atherosclerosis most often causes hypertension. Heart has to work with a constantly increased load. In hypertension, the speed of blood flow accelerates, the jurisdiction increases and the number of broken platelets increases, the walls of blood vessels are injured. The heart, brain, kidneys are especially affected. Thereby elevated blood pressure Increases the probability of the development of atherosclerosis and brings its formidable consequences. Moreover hypertension It is capable of worsening not only the course of atherosclerosis itself, but also the diseases that he provokes.

In turn, atherosclerosis provokes the development of hypertension. The close interdependence of atherosclerosis and hypertension is also proved and doubt

Special attention is paid to the impact of hypertension on the development of an atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries of the heart in women

Hypertension occurs as a result of a combination of hereditary factors and adverse external influences: nervous overvoltage, overweight body, excessive salt consumption. With hypertension may be observed various symptoms: rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), sweating, redness of the face, the feeling of ripples in the head, chills, anxiety, inner tension, flies in front of the eyes, edema and the end of the face in the morning, swelling of the hands and numbness of the fingers

However, which is very important, hypertension can leak and asymptomatic. As doctors say, the presence of hypertension in humans sometimes becomes known in resuscitation

Therefore, every person from time to time should measure its pressure. If you suspect atherosclerosis or already sick, it is necessary to do this and, and regularly. After all, even moderate increase in pressure increases several times the danger of stroke and myocardial infarction in the future.

To know exactly if you have hypertension. You need to purchase a tonometer - a special instrument for measuring pressure to measure it in a relaxed atmosphere. The fact is that some particularly sensitive patients react with an increase in pressure even at visit the doctor. Of course, in this case, understand how things really are, it is quite difficult.

Perfect pressure - 120/70. Indications 130/80 The World Health Organization (WHO) considers as the upper limit of the norm, well, if your pressure went out for 140/90 at least 2-3 times in rest, you already need treatment. I will notice along the way that the pressure should not fall below the figure 100/60. Hypotension also does not add health to a health.

Unfortunately, in our society insufficiently relate to the problem of hypertension. Many women consider high pressure inevitable evil and do not appeal to the doctor until they start to faint when the pressure goes over 220. It is extremely dangerous. Remember that hypertension is not only harmful in itself, but also increases the risk of developing many diseases, in particular atherosclerosis.

In the case of a stable increase in pressure, be sure to consult a doctor who will prescribe a suitable treatment.

It will reduce the blood pressure in 3 minutes, eliminate the headache, dizziness, as well as unpleasant symptoms caused by the impact of radiation radiation of a mobile phone or computer.

Than dangerous increased pressure in arterial hypertension

Hypertension is chronic illnessarising from the spasm of the walls of small vessels and blood supply disorders. The reasons for the state are clarified, but doctors consider the basic etiological factor of the disease, frequent stress, overweight and intensive use of the cook salt.

At the initial stages of pathology, a slight increase in pressure in small vessels is formed, which does not lead to serious clinical symptoms.

Hypertensive disease is the historical name of arterial hypertension. Pathology is most often formed against the background of atherosclerosis (depositing of cholesterol plaques in vessels) and becomes the main cause of the death rate of the population in our country.

Influence on target organs

The organs that suffer from the devastating effects of hypertension (persistent increase in pressure) are primarily called targets. These include:

It is worth it for more details than dangerously increased pressure for these organs.

What happens to vessels

Increased pressure is accompanied by excessive vessel tensions. Prolonged destruction in such a state disrupts the power of the elastic muscle wall, converts its structure: part of the muscles is replaced by cells connective tissue. The result becomes bad blood circulation In the organs, the break of vessels and hemorrhages leading to the leaning fabrics.

Brain damage

They are associated with damage to the brain vessels. They narrow, their walls are compacted, the progress of blood to the brainstorms is disturbed, oxygen starvation develops. If the vessels have thrombus or cholesterol plaques, the narrowing of the vessels can completely overlap the access of oxygen and nutrients to the brain. This leads to encephalopathy, ischemic stroke. In addition, the possible gap the aneurysm of the brain leads to hemorrhage and hemorrhagic stroke. As a result, a person or dies, or becomes disabled.

Pathological changes in the heart

High pressure forces the heart to shrink more often and stronger. Stressful work leads to the following changes:

• Thickening of the walls of the left ventricle. Consequences: Heart ischemia, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction.
• The heart does not receive opportunities for a full rest, the relaxation phases are becoming very shorter. The tired heart begins to shrink badly, it cannot fully pump blood. Consequences: Heart failure.

High pressure and kidneys

The narrowing of renal vessels leads to a lack of blood supply, which provokes the death of nephrons (kidney cells). For this reason, the removal of fluid from the body is disturbed, its stagnation increases blood volume, blood pressure increases, protein appears in the urine, the blood is contaminated with slags. Result: renal failure.

How do the organs suffer

At elevated pressure, small vessels are exposed to a strong effect. They are spashed, thinned, their structure is destroyed. Damaged vessels are broken, hemorrhage occurs. Eye apples Eugenated by web from capillaries, so they suffer from increasing pressure most. Pathological processes in the vessels of the retinal eye lead to loss of vision.

Principles of treatment of increased blood pressure

1. Normalization of the day mode is a full-fledged holiday of at least 8 hours at night, walking in the afternoon in any weather, light daily exercises, a refusal of smoking.
2. Proper nutrition with small portions 4 or 5 times a day, do not overeat, with restriction of cook salt, coffee and strong tea, the exception of alcohol, oily meat. Major-vegetable diet. Be sure to: Sea fish, vegetable oil, nuts, apricots, dried apricots, apples.
3. Medicines - on the appointment of the attending physician (diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, aPF inhibitors etc.) more often used a combination of these groups, usually treatment is prescribed for a long time under regular medical control. With secondary hypertension, the main disease is mandatory. In addition, the course of treatment with hypertension includes sedatives, phytotherapy, statins increased level Cholesterol, preparations for strengthening the heart muscle.

As prevention, compliance is recommended. right image Life, rejection of bad habits, full healthy rest, overweight fighting and regular blood pressure.

Why pressure rises

The arterial pressure indicator indicates the speed of blood movement in the vessels. If the normal mode, then the tonometer data is within the limits of the norm. If the blood flow gives failures, the digital parameters immediately change. With pressure growth, blood flow changes, the body becomes little oxygen, hearts and other organs do not receive nutrients in the desired volumes. The pressure growth will be for the following reasons:

1. Strongly narrowed vessels. This reason may be after stress, due to improper power, when a lot of cholesterol is assembled in the blood, which cloculates the vascular system.
2. Increased blood volume for circulation.
3. High blood viscosity. Often it becomes thicker when consuming alcohol, even beer.

With the growth of indicators, all authorities have to work with the load, due to this, their rapid wear occurs.

Methods of treatment

Whatever high pressure, it is necessary to reduce it gradually, especially with hypertensive disease 2 and 3 degrees. If you bring down hell sharply, the patient has the risk of heart attacks, strokes. For this reason, at first, it is recommended to reduce the pressure of a maximum of 10-15% of the initial indicators. If the patient suffers this reduction normally, after 30 days you can shoot down by another 10-15%.

Today, increased blood pressure, high in the life of a person is made to be treated at several drugs at once, only if this is not the first stage of the disease. For the convenience of patients created combined toolsthat effectively affect the body. Thanks to the combined mechanism of the drug;

1. can be prescribed in low dosages;
2. thereby reducing adverse unwanted reactions.

Since high blood pressure is a major threat to the health and life of the patient, hypertensive needs to know the rules for receiving medicines and follow them. First of all, it is necessary to understand that without the participation of the Doctor, it is strictly forbidden to reduce, increase the doses of drugs, to refuse treatment.

Especially dangerous violation of the reception of beta blockers, as it will cause a heart catastrophe. Also the patient should understand that a good hypotensive drug cannot work instantly. The video in this article will popular tell than can be dangerous high pressure.

Diastolic pressure

This indicator is the second digit on the tonometer during the measurement. Most often, differences from systolic pressure will be 40-50 units. Digital value depends on the functioning of the vessels during the reduction in the heart. Increased lower pressure says that a vascular system cannot perform its work in due measure. Often, the problem is hidden in violation of the elasticity and blockage of vessels, the narrowing of their lumen.

Among the main reasons can be allocated:

1. Diseases of the kidneys.
2. Failures and diseases of the endocrine system.
3. High blood coagulation.
4. A large amount of cholesterol in the blood.
5. Bad habits.
6. Stress.

The sharp rise in the lower pressure is also dangerous for people, because it can cause:

1. Stroke.
2. Atherosclerosis.
3. The elasticity of the entire vascular system is reduced.
4. The vessels are growing quickly.
5. Ulcers are formed on the body.
6. Development of kidney failure.

Even with long-term finding of a person in the cold, the indicators can jump, because the blood circulation in the cold changes, and then begins to restore due to the increased activity of the vessels.

What is dangerous hypertension hypertension

It is believed that the higher the pressure, the greater the likelihood of irreversible lesions of the body. Hypertensive disease is the most serious cause of death throughout the world.

In the blood vessels there may begin the development of aneurysm, there are vulnerable places in which the vessels can be blocked and rushing. High arterial pressure is quite often complicated by hypertensive crises - periods when a short-term jump is occurring. The development of such crises is usually preceded by:

1. physical overvoltage;
2. stressful situation;
3. changing weather conditions.

With a hypertensive crisis, extremely high pressure is escorted by powerful symptoms: headache, especially in the field of the nape, pain in the heart, the feeling of heat in the body, the attacks of nausea, vomiting, violation of vision.

If a person turned out to be near, whose symptoms of a hypertensive crisis appear, immediately need to call him ambulance And wait for the doctor's arrival. It will take ask for a patient when the last time he took medications from pressure. It is strictly forbidden to give the patient increased dosages of such a drug, as it can be dangerous for his life!

Long-term hypertension causes hazardous pathological changes in the human body, which can bear a threat to life. First of all, the so-called target bodies are suffering: kidneys, eyes, heart, brain. Due to unstable blood circulation in these organs against the background of elevated blood pressure, myocardial infarction is developing, ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke, renal, heart failure, retinal damage.

Under the infarction should be understood as a protracted attack of the pain of the chest. Pain I. total weakness The body is so strong that even the nitroglycerin tablet will not be able to calm them. If you do not take the most rapid treatment, this state will end with the death of a sick person.

In the stroke, there is a circulation in the brain vessels, which is characterized by:

1. attails of strong pain in the head;
2. loss of sensitivity;
3. paralysis of one of the half of the body.

When chronic heart damage is developing, the organ loses the opportunity to fully provide tissues with a sufficient amount of oxygen. In this case, it is not able to transfer even a light physical activity, for example, moving around the apartment or climb along the steps.

Another danger that high blood pressure carries is renal failure. For this state, features are characterized: excessively fast fatigue, weakness and lethargy without an explicit reason, the swelling of the upper and lower extremities, traces of protein in the urine.

When there was a defeat of organs of vision, a person is concerned about the spasm of arteries that feed the visual nerve, partial or complete loss of vision. It is possible that hemorrhage in the retina or vitreous body. As a result, in the field of view is formed black spot, film.

Arterial hypertension can be enhanced by other factors that seriously increase the risk of mental health problems.

These factors include obesity various degrees, high cholesterol, blood sugar, bad habits and minimal stay outside.

Danger of hypertension

Is it worth worrying when the doctor puts the diagnosis of "arterial hypertension", and even addressed the degree and stage to him? What should be the treatment? Is it possible to avoid progression of the disease? Reply to these questions in order.

What is hypertension really?

True arterial hypertension is rarely found in young people, more often she comes with age, sinking unnoticed. Sometimes, in parallel with the complaints of high pressure numbers, the patient is bothering headaches, "clouding" in the eyes, less often - a hearing impairment, and then, having measured blood pressure, randomly detect overestimated numbers. It happens, Hypertension is asymptomant and find it by chance. Arterial hypertension is considered pressure that keeps constantly above the numbers 140/90 for a long time.

What is the danger of hypertension?

With long-term flow, arterial hypertension is dangerous in that over time, it can lead to complications, malignant hypertension, when it is difficult to control the indicators and treatment is not effective, as well as to heart attack, stroke, angina, serious problems with vision and kidneys, provoke heavy damage Other organs, lead to death.

Risk factors

The disease is heavier and more complications causes people who are not treated effective methods And they do not control "high digits", in men after 55 and women after 65, in smokers, in diabetes patients, have overweight, as well as having serious heredity in terms of cardiovascular diseases. The abuse of salted food, carbohydrates and insufficient physical activity always reduce the effect of treatment.

What tests and surveys may appoint a doctor?

In addition to the simple pressure measurement, the doctor may assign some surveys or send to a consultation to adjacent narrow specialists to assume possible complications and determine the tactics of treatment. The degree of the disease is determined by average pressure numbers for several dimensions, and the stage depends on how long a person is ill, whether hypertension progresses whether high pressure affected other organs. To determine the stage and prescribe drugs that not only drop pressure, but also prevent complications, the doctor, as a rule, will recommend:

• General analysis of blood and urine
• Blood analysis on biochemistry
• Cardiography
• Echocardiography
• Consultation of the neuropathologist (if necessary)
• Consultation of nephrologist
• Consultation Okulista

Prevention and treatment of hypertension. Purpose of treatment

First of all, it is important to prevent severe complications such as infarction and stroke, normalize pressure. Active lifestyle, fresh air, walking, rejection of cigarettes and alcohol, an increase in vegetable and rich in magnesium food, a decrease in the use of saline products together with medicines will allow good results to achieve good results.

We are useful rich in potassium dried fruits.

From medications are assigned one or combine several drugs. Doses of the doctor selects individually since the minimum.

When need "ambulance" or hospitalization

If high pressure is not reduced by the usual preparations, the patient is unconscious or violated speech and coordination, acute pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart, stomach, between the shovels, a violation of vision has sharply - it is necessary to immediately cause "ambulance" or to go to the hospital.

Methods of diagnosis

To identify hypertensive diseases help certain types of diagnostic research.

• At first, the doctor makes blood pressure measurement using a specific scheme.
• Next, the patient is prescribed an electrocardiogram of the heart.
• Echocardiography is one of the methods of ultrasound, helping to assess structural and functional changes in the heart.
• Ultrasound Doppler arteries are used to study the state of heart and kidney vessels.
• Biochemical analyzes of blood and urine.

Based on the results of the survey, the doctor selects the patient medicationswhich will eliminate disease manifestations, as well as improve the condition of the heart and blood vessels.

It should be remembered that arterial hypertension is treated for a very long time. Only long-term drug therapy will allow preventing the development of a complication of hypertension.

Hypertension - dangerous diseasewhich does not kill a person without treatment. Today, high pressure is diagnosed in many people of old age, but even young people are not insured from hypertension. Despite the seriousness of the state, not many know than dangerous high pressure. It is not necessary to wait for the consequences of the disease, it is necessary to immediately stop the pressure growth at the first manifestations.

To determine the pressure must be measured using a tonometer. Normally, human indicators must be 120 per 80 mm Hg. Art. Such values \u200b\u200bare characteristic of full healthy peopleBut there may be small deviations of up to 20 units, which is also considered normal. Indicators may vary as a result of stress, coffee or physical activity, but if there are no hypertension, they are rapidly normalized, without the use of drugs.

You can estimate the norm not only by the values \u200b\u200bof the tonometer, it is also important to take into account its condition, sensations. If in the eyes begins to darken sharply, headache and head hurts in the ears, then hypertension is most likely developed. As a rule, patients with a diagnosed diagnosis are known than dangerously increased pressure, how to stop it and facilitate their condition. Such patients always have pills that can reduce the high indicator on the tonometer.

It is much more difficult for those who occur with the attacks of sharp pressure growth for the first time. In some cases, the disease is not accompanied by obvious symptoms, with the initial stage of hypertension. Therefore, patients may not know that their pressure is elevated.

Symptoms

It's important to know!

The vessels are very rapidly polluted, especially in older people. To do this, it is not necessary to eat everydays of burgers or potatoes. It is enough to eat one sausage or scrambled eggs so that some amount of cholesterol is deposited in the vessels. Over time, pollution accumulates ...

It is possible to determine the growth of pressure according to characteristic symptoms:

If one or several symptoms described appear, you need to immediately do pressure measurements. This will help determine what to do and best turn to a specialist to obtain recommendations and continue to diagnose the organism.

Experts identify 3 types of hypertension, which are characterized by different pressure indicators:

If the patient has the first type of hypertension, then the symptoms and growth of indicators may not be felt. From time to time, small pains and fatigue are possible. With each new increase in pressure, the state will deteriorate, pathology develops. To control it is necessary to make measurements from time to time, especially if the described symptoms appear. The first type of illness does not cause dangers for the body, but starting from the second, internal organs Subjected to strong load and change.

Most often suffer:

Internal changes occur slowly, sometimes up to several years. If you do not treat treatment, it develops 3 of the hypertension stage. It is with a high resistance pressure in patients begins strokes, heart attacks, and death occurs in heavy patients. Symptoms of growth of indicators cannot be defined. If signs appear, you need to immediately call an ambulance, it is possible to stop the attack itself, but to save health and life, without medical care not enough.

The arterial pressure indicator indicates the speed of blood movement in the vessels. If the normal mode, then the tonometer data is within the limits of the norm. If the blood flow gives failures, the digital parameters immediately change. With pressure growth, blood flow changes, the body becomes little oxygen, hearts and other organs do not receive nutrients in the desired volumes. The pressure growth will be for the following reasons:

With the growth of indicators, all authorities have to work with the load, due to this, their rapid wear occurs.

Systolic pressure

When measuring the pressure, the first digit is the systolic indicator, it is also the top. Indicates the number of the heart and the frequency of heart cuts, during blood ejection. With an increase in the upper pressure, the pulse increases, discomfort appears in the chest. In medicine, systolic pressure is often called systolic pressure, since it depends on the state and work of the heart.

Sharp growth is dangerous for people and leads to the following:

It is the growth of the upper pressure that is always more dangerous for people than increasing the lower indicator.

This indicator is the second digit on the tonometer during the measurement. Most often, differences from systolic pressure will be 40-50 units. Digital value depends on the functioning of the vessels during the reduction in the heart. Increased lower pressure says that a vascular system cannot perform its work in due measure. Often, the problem is hidden in violation of the elasticity and blockage of vessels, the narrowing of their lumen.

Among the main reasons can be allocated:

The sharp rise in the lower pressure is also dangerous for people, because it can cause:

Even with long-term finding of a person in the cold, the indicators can jump, because the blood circulation in the cold changes, and then begins to restore due to the increased activity of the vessels.

Risk group

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

90-95% of people have high blood pressure developing regardless of lifestyle, being a risk factor for brain diseases, kidneys, hearts, vision, as well as heart attacks and strokes! In 2017, scientists have discovered the relationship between pressure enhancement mechanisms and blood clotting factor.

Anyone may suffer from hypertension, and it does not develop just like that. To do this, there must be some provoking factors that lead to sharp rise in indicators. The risk group includes the following category of people:

According to statistical data in men, the development of hypertension appears twice as much as women and the main causes in improper nutrition and lifestyle

What is the danger?

Many patients are wondering than dangerous hypertension and consistently increased pressure. First of all, it should be noted that the risk of atherosclerosis development increases, and if the pathology is already there, it will begin to be aggravated. The flow of blood according to vessels is also enhanced, which traums their walls, strongly affected parts can be destroyed and hemorrhage begins. Also hypertension is dangerous for the entire body and specific organs.

A heart

The main human body is the heart. With the growth of pressure, it has to work in reinforced mode, the number of abbreviations is increasing, as well as blood emissions. If this body is affected specifically, then complications are as follows:

With hypertension, the heart does not have time to relax, it constantly works and through time loses the possibility of normal functioning. In case of heart disease, the entire body, systems and internal organs begin to suffer.

Vascular system

At high pressure, the vessels are also strongly susceptible to hazardous consequences. They have to, like the heart is in constant voltage, which leads to a decrease in the elasticity of the walls, over time they wear out. Patients with the disease begin to appear permanent spasms of vessels, as well as they are blocked by cholesterol plaques.

The danger is that the vascular system does not receive all oxygen, there is a lack of power and walls deform. When the walls are ruptured, hemorrhage begins, which leads to a stroke, irreversible consequences and death.

Activities

With hypertension and high tonometer marks, a frequent array spasm begins, which is responsible for functions. spectator nerve, still confuses blood supply. All this can lead to impairment of vision and even full blindness.

Pathological processes are often developing in the brain due to blood circulation and organ nutrition.

Kidney

Attacks and sharp jumps of indicators that appear often, and stay for a long time, inevitably affect the functioning of the kidneys. Diseases of the kidneys in hypertension are developing the first. Toxins, slags cannot be completely output, which leads to their sediment in the blood and on the vascular system.

With permanent jumps, the pair body also experiences loads, which causes the organ deficiency, and in the launched cases, complete dysfunction.

As can be seen, the consequences are not just serious, but also life-threatening. If unstable indicators are observed on a tonometer, then you need to turn to the doctor as soon as possible. At the very beginning of the development of pathology, it is possible to quickly normalize the state, even without the use of medicines.

No less terrible exacerbation of hypertension is crisis, which is rapidly developing and difficult to stop at home, without certain knowledge and skills. Crisis is characterized by sharp jumps, as well as symptoms of arrhythmias, tachycardia. In some cases, the fatal outcome occurs if the patient does not have time to assist.

For men, the disease is dangerous by the development of impotence, since all vessels are affected in the body, which is responsible for sexual activity. As a result of all the complications described, each person needs to listen to his health and respond to any changes. To facilitate treatment and general status It is necessary to adjust the diet, lifestyle, include in the routine of the day of sports, as well as to be in the fresh air.

Simple tips and timely preventive inspection make it possible to avoid the appearance of the disease and eliminate the dangerous consequences.