The blood test on glucose is a constant ring of therapy and diagnostic control of diabetes patients. However, the study of the sugar level is appointed not only to those who have already been terrible diagnosed, but also for the purpose of diagnosing general status The body in different periods of life. What tests are carried out, norms and pathology indicators are considered further in the article.

To whom and why appoint analysis

Glucose is the basis of carbohydrate metabolism. The central is responsible for controlling the level of sugar in the blood nervous system, Hormonally active substances and liver. The pathological states of the body and a number of diseases may be accompanied by an increase in sugar level (hyperglycemia) or its depression (hypoglycemia).

The testimony for analyzing blood on glucose are the following states:

• diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent, insulin-dependent);
• dynamics of the state of diabetics;
• pregnancy period;
• preventive measures for risk groups;
• diagnosis and differentiation of hypo- and hyperglycemia;
• shock states;
• sepsis;
• liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• pathology of the endocrine system (Cushing, obesity, hypothyroidism);
• pickup diseases.

Types of analyzes

Blood - the biological environment of the body, by changes in the indicators of which you can determine the presence of pathologies, inflammatory processes, allergies and other anomalies. Blood tests also make it possible to specify the level of violations from carbohydrate metabolism and differentiate the condition of the body.

Blood research is an important diagnostic procedure for assessing the body's condition

General analysis

The study of peripheral blood indicators does not determine the level of glucose, but is a mandatory accompaniment of all other diagnostic events. With it, it clarify the indicators of hemoglobin, uniform elements, the results of blood coagulation, which is important for any disease and can carry additional clinical data.

Blood test for sugar

This study allows you to determine the level of glucose in the peripheral capillary blood. The rate of indicators for men and women is at the same limits and differs by about 10-12% of the indicators of venous blood. Sugar level in adults and children is different.

8 hours before you need to take analysis, only water should be used, it does not use medicines for a day (if necessary, consult with your doctor), refuse alcoholic beverages.

Blood take from the finger on an empty stomach in the morning. In decoding the results, the level of sugar is denoted in units of mmol / l, mg / dl, mg /% or mg / 100 ml. The norms are indicated in the table (in mmol / l).

Biochemistry

Biochemical analysis is also a universal diagnostic method. Material for research is taken from Vienna located in the elbow yam. Analysis should be handed over an empty stomach. Sugar level is higher than when it is determined in capillary blood (in mmol / l):

• norm from 5 years and older - 3.7-6;
• the condition of the preyabeth of 5 years and older - 6.1-6.9;
• "Sweet disease" from 5 years and older - more than 7;
• the norm for children up to 5 years - up to 5.6.

Blood from veins - material for biochemical analysis

Important! Mandatory moment is the refusal to clean the teeth and chewing gum on the day of testing, since each of the means contains sugar.

In parallel, cholesterol levels determine in biochemical analysis, since the carbohydrate exchange is directly related to lipid.

Definition of tolerance

The test is a long method that takes time for a few hours. It is prescribed to patients to clarify the presence of pregnant women and pregnant women to determine the hidden form of the disease.

Preparation is that during 3 days before the analysis should not limit the number of carbohydrates into the body, to conduct a normal lifestyle, without reducing physical exertion. In the morning that day, when the material is surrendered to the study, you need to abandon food, only water is allowed.

Fundamental factors are taken into account:

• the presence of concomitant respiratory infections;
• level of exercise for the previous day;
• reception of medicines affecting the amount of blood sugar.

Analysis on glucose tolerance takes place in the following steps:

1. Fence of venous blood or blood from the finger.
2. Glucose powder acquired in a pharmacy, in the amount of 75 g in the glass of water and drunk.
3. After 2 hours, blood is carried out again, as the first time.
4. In the appointment of the attending physician, there may be analyzes every half hour after the "load" glucose (intermediate studies).

Glucose powder reception in water - a glucose-tolerant test stage

The amount of the required powder for analysis "with load" is calculated at a ratio of 1.75 g per kilogram of mass, but 75 g is the maximum dose.

Glycated hemoglobin

It is hemoglobin, whose molecules are associated with glucose. For measurement units are interest. The higher the level of sugar, the greater the amount of hemoglobin will be gledged. The method allows you to determine the level of sugar in the last 90 days.

The advantages of the method are as follows:

• rent at any time, you can not on an empty stomach;
• has high accuracy;
• it is carried out easier and faster than TG;
• allows you to determine the presence of errors in the diet of diabetics over the past 90 days;
• it does not have dependence on stressful situations or availability of respiratory diseases.

Method disadvantages:

• the cost of analysis is higher in comparison with other methods;
• some patients have a reduced correlation of hemoglobin rates with sugar levels;
• anemia and hemoglobinopathy - a state at which the testimony is distorted;
• hypothyroidism can cause an increase glicated hemoglobinBut blood glucose content is normal.

Results and their evaluation are painted in the table. An important point is that the indicators are the same in women, men and children.

Definition of fructosamine level

The method is not popular, but indicative. It is carried out in order to determine the effectiveness of the chosen treatment regimen in patients with diabetes. Fructzamine is a complex of albumin (in most cases, in other - other proteins) with glucose.

Blood for diagnostics take from veins. Preparation does not require compliance with severe rules. Just need to abandon alcoholic beverages per day, half an hour before the blood is not smoking, do not eat coffee, tea, carbonated drinks, eliminate the reception of drugs.

Decoding results (norms of norm):

• children under 5 years old - 144-248 μmol / l;
• children from 5 to 12 years - 144-256 μmol / l;
• from 12 to 18 years - 150-264 μmol / l;
• adults, pregnancy period - 161-285 μmol / l.

Express method

The test for determining glucose is carried out both in laboratory and at home. A prerequisite is the presence of a special analyzer - a glucometer. A drop of capillary blood is placed on a special strip inserted into the analyzer. The result is known within a few minutes.

Glucometer - apparatus for the express method to determine blood sugar level

Important! The express method is used to control the level of glucose in the dynamics in patients with diabetes.

Pathology

Increased sugar levels may be evidence of the following states:

• diabetes;
• pancreatitis in acute and chronic form;
• pathology of adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma);
• long-term use of oral contraceptives (in women), diuretic products, steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (in men);
• liver diseases.

Glucose lowered may be in the following cases:

• the insufficiency of the hormones of the thyroid gland;
• alcohol poisoning;
• intoxication arsenic, medication;
• excessive physical exertion;
• starvation;
• disorders of suction of carbohydrates in the intestinal tract.

During the period of having a child, the state of hypoglycemia can develop due to the consumption of part of the maternal glucose to the baby. Or, on the contrary, in women, the level of sugar increases (gestational diabetes), and after childbirth, the state of glucose returns to normal indicators.

In any case, all the results evaluates the attending physician, on the basis of which the diagnosis is made or confirmed. high level Patient health.

Increasing the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood is a serious symptom, which indicates the presence of a pathological process in the human body associated with hormonal shifts and metabolic disorders. At the initial stage of development of such pathologies, clinical symptoms are not always present. Therefore, with the aim of prevention, it is recommended to periodically donate blood test on glucose. Consider why it is necessary to conduct blood research on glucose, and what the results may indicate.

Biochemical blood test on glucose

Glucose refers to important blood monosaccharides. It delivers the energy required for the vital cells of the cells. Glucose is formed as a result of digestion of carbohydrates and transformation of hepatic glycogen.

Directly regulate blood glucose levels Two hormones - glucagon and insulin. Glucagon contributes to the transformation of glycogen in glucose, leading to an increase in its blood content. Insulin increases for glucose the permeability of cell membranes, transfers glucose into cells, stimulates the production of glycogen and decrease blood glucose concentration. Glucose disintegrates as a result of glycolysis reactions.

There are certain causes of blood glucose metabolism:

The inability of the β-cells of the pancreas produce insulin;

Reduction of insulin receptors;

Liver inability to metabolize glycogen;

Intestinal absorption glucose absorption;

Changes in the concentration of hormones that take part in glucose metabolism.

As a result of the above reasons in the human body, quite serious diseases begin to develop.

• arterial hypertension;
• overweight;
• the presence of relatives suffering from diabetes and other diseases of the endocrine system;
• the appearance of at least one of the following symptoms: constant dryness in the mouth, stable strong thirst, inexplicable increase in the amount of urine isolated; Increased fatigue, sharp weight loss.

To determine the level of glucose, blood is used from veins (venous) or from finger (capillary).

IN laboratory diagnostics Apply three methods of blood tests on sugar.

The first method (basal) is determining the blood glucose level on an empty stomach.

The second method is determining the blood glucose level two hours after eating.

The third method (random) is determining the level of glucose in the blood taken at a certain time, regardless of meals.

For each patient, the doctor selects the necessary method for analyzing blood.

The glycose rate in the blood test, taken from the vein, is 4.1-6.0 mmol / l. In children, the concentration of glucose in the blood should not exceed 5.6 mmol / l. For people over 60 years old permissible level This indicator is 6.5 mmol / l.

Glucose rate in the blood analysis capillary is slightly lower than in venous, and is 3.2-5.5 mmol / l.

An increase in blood glucose is called hyperglycemia. There is physiological hyperglycemia and pathological hyperglycemia.

The physiological increase in blood glucose happens after physical Loads, in stress, smoking. Therefore, it is very important before handing blood to avoid smoking, unrest. Usually, if the first time hyperglycemia was revealed, the patient prescribe a repeated analysis.

According to deciphering blood analysis, glucose increases with the following diseases and states:

• diabetes mellitus - the disease of the endocrine system, which develops as a result of insulin deficiency;
• feochromocytoma - pathology of the endocrine system, in which the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine in the blood of hormones;
• pancreatic diseases - pancreatitis of acute and chronic flow, pancreatic tumor;
• diseases of the endocrine system, which are characterized by an increase in the level of hormones that contribute to the emission of glucose into blood (disease or the syndrome of Cushing, thyrotoxicosis);
• chronic liver pathologies - hepatitis, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis;
• reception some medical preparationssuch as steroid anti-inflammatory products, diuretic drugs, oral contraceptives.

Below the glycosis rate in blood analysis (hypoglycemia) happens with such states and pathologies:

• insulinoma - pancreatic tumor, isolated insulin;
• starvation;
• impaired absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine;
• reception some medicines, for example, amphetamines, steroids;
• insulin overdose in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Pregnant women who do not suffer from diabetes mellitus, sometimes biochemical blood test on glucose can show a slight decrease in this indicator. This is due to the fact that the fetus consumes some part of glucose from the maternal organism.

It happens that during pregnancy, on the contrary, the content of glucose in the blood of a woman rises. The reason for this is that pregnancy provokes the formation of relative insulin deficiency. This condition is also called diabetes of pregnancy, which usually disappears after delivery. But all pregnant women with such a diagnosis should be under constant control of the endocrinologist and the gynecologist. Diabetes is able to complicate the course of pregnancy and harm the body of the child.

A competent decoding of blood test on glucose can only be made by a doctor. If necessary, the patient is prescribed a re-analysis of blood or other additional surveys.

Brain cells per day It is necessary to obtain 120 grams of glucose, muscle tissue cells - 35, erythrocytes - 30. What happens if the body will not have a sufficient amount of this substance? Why do you need to follow blood sugar levels? Let's figure it out together.

Appointment on blood glucose analysis

Glucose is a simple carbohydrate and is the main source of energy for organism cells. We get this substance with food rich in carbohydrates. It is necessary for the operation of brain cells, blood, muscular and nervous tissues, without it, no reaction in the body is impracticable. The glucose brain is especially needed, this body is only 2% of the body weight, but it consumes 20% of all calories obtained. For a person with a mass of body 70 kg, it is necessary to obtain 185 g of glucose per day. To find out how much glucose you need - multiply your weight by 2.6.

Glucose can and independently synthesize in cells (for example, adipose tissue), but in minor quantity. The reserve form of glucose - glycogen is deposited in the liver and skeletal muscles after receiving carbohydrate food. With carbohydrate starvation, glycogen decays in the liver and enters the bloodstream, and in the muscles it is split during physical exertion. In the body in the form of "stocks" may contain up to 450 g of glycogen, and 5 g of glucose must be present in the bloodstream, that is, one teaspoon.

Some cells are absorbed by glucose in its pure form (brain, liver, lens eye), while others are insulin-dependent (again - liver, as well as cells of muscle tissue and blood), that is, in order to get glucose, they need insulin - Pancreatic hormone.

Some parents advise their children to be fascinated before the chocolate exam in order to increase the brain activity. However, they do not take into account that carbohydrates obtained with chocolate are first falling into gastrointestinal And only then they are included in the carbohydrate exchange, and they will "reach" after 1-2 hours. But carbohydrates in oatmeal and nuts are more "fast", they are much more effective for the momentary stimulation of brain activity.

Good to know
Glucose content in 100 g of product:

• 99.9 g - refined;
• 80 g - honey;
• 70 g - dates;
• 65 g - Makarona in / s;
• 65 g - raisins;
• 60 g - rice, oatmeal;
• 60 g - Wheat flour, buckwheat.

The content of glucose in the body is constantly changing. The blood sugar level "jumps" in the first 2 hours after meals, and in the case of starvation - on the contrary, it decreases. The body "loses" glucose during physical exertion, and not only sports, but also in the process of work on home or long hiking. However, not only physiological factors affect the concentration of this substance, but also pathological. Sugar rises at walled diseases, myocardial infarction, injuries, obesity, diabetes. The inquiry of the latter is that a long time the disease may not be felt about themselves, and the symptoms appear only in the last stages, when the disease is in the launched state and is practically not amenable to treatment.

You should refer to the doctor and pass the blood test on glucose if there are following symptoms:

• permanent thirst;
• rapid urination for urination;
• dry mucous membranes (especially in the mouth and genital organs);
• increased fatigue, no fatigue feeling;
• furuncula, acne, slow wounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
• sharp deterioration.

Methods for analyzing glucose and other sugars

So, you have been prescribed blood test on glucose. What he really is? This is an analysis of venous or capillary blood with special reagents and equipment. It allows you to identify a number of pathologies, most often assigned to diagnose diabetes. Consider what types of blood tests on sugar are.

Blood chemistry

It may be minimal and expanded and include a study by 10-20 indicators, including glucose. Reflect clinical picture all organism systems are assigned not only to diagnose diseases, but also in preventive purposes. Biochemical analysis on blood sugar levels helps to diagnose diabetes.

Glucose-bearing test on an empty stomach with a load

Allows you to identify hidden failures in carbohydrate exchange, as well as violation of glucose tolerance. The patient gives the venous blood on an empty stomach, then drinks a glass of water with glucose dissolved in it and passes the procedure for the intake of the biomaterial 4 times within 2 hours. Glucosoto-bead test pass pregnant women, because they are prone to the appearance of gestational diabetes, especially if they have a genetic predisposition, overweight or expect twins or triples. Violation of glucose tolerance in pregnant women can threaten life and health like moms and baby.

Glucosoto-bead test for C-peptide

It gives an estimate of the functions of cells producing insulin. We are necessary to control the effectiveness of diabetes therapy 1 and 2 types, as well as for those who take insulin. Study material - blood serum.

Analysis on glycated hemoglobin

Allows you to identify the concentration of glucose in the blood, which was present 3 months before the study. With this test, hyperglycemia is diagnosed, as well as adjust diabetes therapy.

The analysis reflects the constant or temporary increase in blood sugar in 1-3 weeks preceding the study. The test is used in proteinuria and pronounced hypoproteinemia, as well as to assess the effectiveness of hyperglycemia therapy.

Lactate analysis

The concentration of lactate is a marker of tissue hypoperfusion. Analysis is carried out to diagnose laccitosis arising from diabetes disease, as well as to confirm the reduced kidney function.

How to prepare and donate blood for glucose analysis?

It should be remembered by the basic rules for preparing for research to get reliable results:

• It is impossible to eat for 8 hours before blood delivery, and only non-carbonated water is allowed as a drink.
• Daily before the procedure does not drink alcohol.
• On the eve of the analysis, if possible, refuse to receive medicines.
• Before passing an analysis, do not chew chewing gum And it is advisable to not brush your teeth.

Usually, the analysis on glucose passes from the morning. The material for the test can be both venous and capillary blood. To determine the glucose tolerance, the blood is used, taken from the finger. The test for the glycated hemoglobin gives up at any time - not necessarily on an empty stomach, no external factors do not affect the result of this study. The type of analysis will depend on its duration.

Expand the data obtained can only a specialist, however, the existing general permissible limits of the norm on which you can pay attention to to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe results.

Note!
Persons under 40 years of age are encouraged to hand over glucose analysis 1 time in 3 years. And those who over 40 - 1 time per year.

Decoding results

The patient will find out about the indicators established during the analysis usually 1-2 days after the test. If you donated blood in the state clinic, most likely you will need to wait for the results longer. Private laboratories offer to perform a study in just two hours. In the form of glucose analysis, it is indicated by the same name and measured in millyol per liter.

Reference values \u200b\u200b(norm) of blood glucose content

Note immediately that normal indicators Glucose in venous and capillary blood differ slightly. So, in the first case, the allowable limit ranges from 3.5 to 6.1 mmol / l, and in the second - from 3.5 to 5.5 mmol / l. Indicator: 6.1 mmol / l or higher - is the basis for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. During pregnancy, the norm is 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

In the case of analyzing glucose tolerance with "load" healthy people Sugar level 2 hours after the use of water with glucose does not exceed 7.8 mmol / l. Indicators from 7.8 to 11.1 mmol / l talk about the prediabetic state of the patient. Above - indicate the presence of diabetes.

When analyzing on a glycated hemoglobin, the indicator below 5% indicates the absence of pathology. 5-6% - There is a risk of developing diabetes. 6-7% - the risk of developing the disease is increased. Over 7% - diagnosis "Sugar diabetes".

Deviation

Increased blood glucose levels can talk about the presence of the following diseases:

• diabetes;
• disorders of the endocrine system;
• acute or chronic pancreatitis;
• pancreatic diseases;
• epilepsy;
• poisoning arsenic, alcohol or drugs.

Glucose in the blood can be reduced due to the extensions below:

• vascular diseases;
• liver pathology;
• neoplasms in the pancreas;
• sarcoidosis;
• violation exchange processes;
• insulin overdose in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Sugar in the blood is much easier to control, rather than treat violations caused by it. In order to maintain glucose concentration in the norm, it is not necessary to do anything supernatural: it is necessary to eat right, often and small portions, maintain physical activity, abandon bad habits. Healthy image Life is the main way to protect yourself from the disease caused by the change in blood glucose content.

Where can I promptly pass blood on sugar analysis?

The blood glucose test is in the state clinic, departmental institution, or in the private medical center. The biochemical analysis service is offered today almost all medical institutions. However, difficulties arise when the doctor prescribes, for example, a fruitzamine test or a glycated hemoglobin. In this case, you will probably have to contact a private laboratory.

We recommend that you pay attention to the network of medical laboratories. Here is an analysis of glucose (in blood or urine) for 255 rubles. Also in Invitro, they conduct a glucose-bearing test, including during pregnancy, research on the content of lactate, fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin. Permanent customers are provided with 5% or 10% discounts. In addition, a laboratory officer can come to you and make a fence of the biomaterial right at your home.

In the blood of any person there is a certain amount of glucose, which supplies the entire organism. Any changes to the norm talk about health problems. Find out the value of sugar in the blood will help the blood test on glucose.

It is done in order to prevent, as at the very beginning clinical signs Not always are determined. It is necessary to understand why to hold a similar examination and that it will help to identify.

Blood analysis on glucose - what is it and why take it?

Glucose is a monosaccharide in the blood, which is formed in the process of transformation of glycogen and when digesting carbohydrates. The component is required for the stable functioning of blood cells of the brain and muscle tissues, which is why it needs to be controlled.

This substance is periodically formed in cells, but in a small volume. The main form is glycogen, which is formed in the liver after entering food, saturated with carbohydrates.

That is why it is important to take an analysis on glucose tolerance, as with many diseases characteristic signs manifest very late.

Test the test is necessary in the following cases:

1. Frequent urination.
2. Dehydration mucosa.
3. Feeling thirst.
4. Sharp weight loss.
5. Constant fatigue and fatigue.
6. The presence of acne and furunculov.
7. Slow healing wounds.
8. Worsening vision.

Solving how to hand over blood test on glucose, you can use in two ways: laboratory and express method.

The first method is carried out in laboratory conditions. The express method is produced at home with a glucometter.

How to prepare and pass the analysis?

How to hand over glucose analysis correctly, the following recommendations will be prompt:

1. It is forbidden to eat something in food 8 hours before blood delivery.
2. Water can only drink non-carbonated and without sweet additives.
3. During the day it is impossible to take alcohol.
4. On the eve of the procedure it is necessary to stop accepting medicines.
5. It is recommended before the procedure not to use dental paste.

That's why this analysis is rented in the morning hours. For the dough is taken as capillary and deoxygenated blood. To determine the glucose tolerance, blood is needed, which must be taken from the finger.

The sample is characterized by a small blood volume. The test allows you to find out what a person has a blood testing rate on glucose.

Timely execution of analysis makes it possible to learn about the early occurrence of the disease and prevent its further development.

The values \u200b\u200band results can affect the use of food with elevated levels of sugar, fatty and fried products, prolonged abstinence from food and the use of medicines. Nervous overload also affect. On the eve, it is necessary to avoid exposure to stress and muscle loads that can cause hyperglycemia.

If physiotherapeutic procedures or x-rays were carried out, then the blood delivery should be postponed for several days.

Why and how to decipher the result?

Medical workers can decipher the information received. But there are certain values \u200b\u200bof the norms that you need to know.

The results of the analysis becomes known a few days after testing. Normal meaning An indicator is considered at the level of 3.5-6.1 mmol / l. If the indicator is above 6.1 mmol / l, then this is considered evidence of the availability sugar diabetes.

The normal result of blood testing on glucose during pregnancy shows 3.3-6.6 mmol / l.

So why it is necessary to determine the deviation in time, as it happens with the following diseases:

1. Pancreatic diseases.
2. Problems with endocrine system.
3. Chronic and acute pancreatitis.
4. Strong poisoning.
5. Epilepsy.

Sugar diabetes occurs in the pathologies of the pancreas. In this case, insulin is reduced, ensuring the assimilation of the main component.

Low level is observed in the following pathologies:

1. Liver disease.
2. Problems with metabolic processes.
3. Vascular diseases.

In order not to be needed, you need to control blood sugar concentration. To do this, there is no need to do something unusual, it is important to eat right, refuse bad habits and not forget about physical activity.

Analysis on glucose tolerance during pregnancy and for all other groups of people is carried out by a special way. The patient takes blood 4 times in 2 hours. First on an empty stomach. Then you need to drink glucose. Repeated analysis is taken after an hour, one and a half hours and two hours later. In this case, the result is estimated throughout the test.

Features of glucose analysis during pregnancy

Many things are wondering how to hand over glucose analysis during pregnancy. The procedure should be done in the morning on an empty stomach.

To reveal the increase in the value of this component, the following methods are applied:

1. An peripheral blood is performed on an empty stomach.
2. An analysis of tolerance and general analysis of blood is made.
3. A general urine analysis is performed, urine glucose.

In this case, the violation of glucose tolerance is determined. Appearance initial stage Diabetes is the most important reason why blood testing is carried out. This method characterized by high accuracy. It is used when problems with weight, predisposition to the completeness and birth of children with a lot of weight.

If the state is normal, then glucose should not be in the urine. In some cases, it happens the norm. In pregnant women can be found in the second and third trimesters. And this does not indicate the appearance of diabetes. We are talking about gestational diabetes, which disappears after the birth of a child. Such negative states are associated with a significant load on the female organism.

The reason why prescribed analysis on glucose during pregnancy is the predisposition of women in this period to various complications. Increased glucose level is considered to be a consequence of not only diabetes, but also problems with the endocrine system, with kidneys and pancreas.

With deviation permissible norms The synthesis of ketone bodies with high toxicity begins. That is why testing is necessarily carried out, since intoxication is poorly reflected in the state of the child.

During pregnancy, glucose increases in the following cases:

1. Hereditary predisposition.
2. If a woman over 35 years old.
3. With multi-way.
4. If previous children were born with a lot of weight.
5. Overweight and obesity.

Analysis on glucose during pregnancy is prescribed several times. The first time when registering, and then at week 30. In the interval between the two procedures, a reaction test is performed to glucose.

Timely analysis on the content of glucose will prevent dangerous disease. Careful examination and control of important indicators during pregnancy will help preserve the health of the child and mother.

The increase in glucose blood content almost always signals serious changes in human health. This is a reaction to violation of metabolic processes or hormonal failure. Often symptoms of the disease appear when it is no longer at the initial stage. Therefore, in order not to lose time for the treatment of the disease, it is necessary to determine glucose according to the results of blood test.

What is glucose

Glucose is a blood monosaccharide, which is colorless crystals. It is considered the main source of energy for a person, which means it determines its activity. 3.3-5.5 mmol / l is the rate of glucose level in the human body.

Two hormones adjust the blood glucose content. They are insulin and glucagon. The first hormone increases the permeability of cell shells and the delivery of glucose in them. Under the influence of this glucose hormone is converted into glycogen.

Glucagon, on the contrary, transforms glycogen in glucose, thereby increasing its blood content. Further increase in glucose contributes to the development of hazardous diseases.

Based on the results of blood test results, the level of sugar in the body is determined and proceed to the treatment of diseases.

Varieties of blood research

In medical practice, blood test is used capillary, selection of a finger material, or a venous blood test. There are 4 types of laboratory blood analysis level glucose.

1. method for determining the content of glucose in the laboratory;
2. express method;
3. determination of glycated hemoglobin;
4. analysis under the influence of "sugar" load.

Analysis is considered more accurate in which the method of determining the level of sugar in the body is produced in the laboratory.

The advantage of the express method can be considered that the analysis on glucose can be carried out without extreme help in the house or at work. However, there is a possibility that the device determining the level of glucose can be faulty. This will entail the error in measurements, which means the results of the analysis will be unreliable.

What can be an indication for analysis

There are a number of symptoms in which the doctor recommends passing blood test to determine the level of glucose. These include:

• weight reduction;
• constant feeling of fatigue;
• constant feeling of thirst and dryness of the oral cavity;
• frequent urination and increase in urine volume.

Most often, the emergence of various diseases associated with the growth of glucose are susceptible to people suffering overweight and having high pressure.

Such patients may need, it important momentSince not every drug can be taken with such a disease.

Also a great cause of the disease in people whose relatives suffered a similar disease or whose metabolism is broken.

Analyzes at home are appointed in the following cases:

1. if necessary, a comprehensive examination;
2. with already identified disorders in metabolism;
3. to determine the effectiveness of treatment;
4. in the presence of diseases and failures in the pancreas.

Preparation for the surcharge

The blood test for the content of glucose will require a certain preparation.

It is important to comply with some requirements, namely:

• blood test is given on an empty stomach. This means that no later than 7-8 hours before the analysis should be the last meal. Drink recommended clean and unsweetened water;
• per day before analyzing completely eliminate the use of alcohol;
• before surrendering the analysis, it is not recommended to brush your teeth or chewing the chewing;
• it is desirable, before analyzing, stop using all medicines. If it is impossible to refuse them completely, then this should be informed about this;

Decoding results of analyzes

The results of the analysis reflect the content of glucose in the body and its deviation from normal level. The decoding takes into account that the norm is recognized as the blood glucose content in the range of 3.3-5.5 mmol / l.

Sugar level of about 6 mmol / l is considered an prediabetic state. Also the cause increased level There may be a violation of the process of preparation for analysis. Sugar above this level is considered the basis for diagnosing diabetes.

Causes of the deflection of the level of glucose from the norm

The reasons for increasing blood glucose may be as follows:

• stress or intense physical exertion;
• epilepsy;
• violation of hormone production;
• eating before visiting the doctor;
• intoxication of the body;
• use of medicines.

Reduced glucose level decoding can show at several reasons.

Most likely reasons Reducing glucose in the body is:

1. alcohol poisoning;
2. liver failures;
3. with prolonged observance of a strict diet;
4. various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
5. excess weight;
6. disorders in the work of the nervous and cardiovascular system;
7. strong poisoning;
8. high dose insulin intake.

To confirm or eliminate the presence of diabetes mellitus of any type, two clarifying analysis are used.

Often, the diagnosis of the patient and the further purpose of the medication depends on their result.

Analysis under the influence of "sugar" load

The essence of this analysis is as follows. Man dresses blood for two hours 4 times. The first blood fence is carried out on an empty stomach. After the patient drinks 75 ml. dissolved glucose. After 60 minutes, blood fence is repeated. After that, the procedure is repeated this time with an interval at half an hour.

With a normal patient reaction on glucose at the first blood sample, the sugar level should be low. After the first reception, the level rises, then it goes to the decline, which confirms.

Glycated hemoglobin

According to the results of this test, the average level of glucose has been determined for a period of time. The maximum period of time is 3 months. The amount of sugar in the body is determined on the basis of the reaction rate of blood cells and glucose and the formation of a glycated hemoglobin.

This analysis is carried out to determine the effect of treatment and prescribed drugs. It is held approximately three months after the start of treatment. Blood fence is made of finger, regardless of meals in time of day.