Diabetes - severe disease that has become the scourge of humanity in our time. In order to prevent early complications that are inevitably developing in the course of the disease, there are ways to control blood glucose levels. One of them is the analysis on the level of glycated hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin - what is it?

Glycated hemoglobin HB A1 (Alfa-1 hemoglobin) is an intention of hemoglobin associated with glucose.

Glucose is always present in the blood, in a larger or smaller quantity. Hemoglobin molecules gradually and irreversibly connect with it.

The life of the erythrocytes (they are "capacity" for hemoglobin) is about 120-125 days, so blood test glycated hemoglobin Demonstrates blood sugar levels over the past four months. The higher this indicator, the greater the likelihood of the development of diabetes or its decompensation.

This analysis is considered to be the most reliable. Periodic control of glucose in the blood does not show the overall picture of the patient's state. By the level of glycated hemoglobin You can judge the threat of complications or, on the contrary, about careful control of the disease by the patient himself.

Why and who needs control of hemoglobin levels?

It is needed not only to diabetics. From time to time its level needs to be checked and healthy people, especially those who have a tendency to elevated arterial pressure and completeness. Both may be a harbinger of diabetes.

The analysis will show a threat or the presence of diabetes on the very early stages. Recommended regular control:

1. for all people over 45 years old - 1 time in 3 years, if the first analysis showed a level of 5-6% (norm);
2. those who have a genetic predisposition to diabetes (patients relatives);
3. with a sedentary lifestyle;
4. with glucose tolerance;
5. women who during pregnancy transferred gestational diabetes;
6. women who gave birth to a child with a weight of more than 4 kg;
7. in the syndrome of polycystic ovary (SEC);
8. patients with diabetes minimum 1 time in 6 months.

What is the optimal norm in women?

The norm of glycohemoglobin is the same for all healthy people - Women, men and children. It must be in the range of 4.5-6%, which corresponds to the blood glucose level of 5.7-7 mmol. If the indicator is above 6%, it means that the risk of developing diabetes is great. The doctor conducts additional research and prescribes a corrective low-carbon diet.

The indicator of the glycated hemoglobin can be reduced due to:

• frequent or recent bleeding;
• anemia;
• frequent hypoglycemia.

Does the analysis need for pregnancy? The feasibility of holding a test on glycohemoglobin during pregnancy defines a doctor.

Sugar diabetes develops, as a rule, in the third trimester.

Usually, other tests and analyzes are used to identify it - measurement of the level of sugar on an empty stomach, blood test after eating and at ridual time, a test for glucose tolerance.

High sugar adversely affects the development of the fetus and can cause complications and difficulties in childbirth. In such a woman, the fruit has large sizes - up to 4-4.5 kg.

The risk factor may be the presence of a SEC, similar diagnosis (diabetes) during previous pregnancy, age over 35 years old, obesity.

The rate of the substance in the body in children

In a healthy child normal indicator Glicated hemoglobin such as in adults - 4.5-6%. If the child is diagnosed diabetes, regular dimensions are required, have this in mind.

For children, a rigid minimum rate indicator is installed in the presence of a disease: without the risk of severe complications - 6.5%, which corresponds to the blood glucose level of 7.2 mmol; In the presence of complications and risk of the development of hypoglemia - 7% - 8.2 mmol. With this level, diabetes is considered compensated.

Teenagers, suffering from diabetes, can somewhat "fake" the overall picture of the course of the disease, showing good results of the Touchscreen sugar (on an empty stomach morning sugar), refusing some products on the eve of the analysis. In this case, parents must necessarily insist that the child makes the analysis on the glycated hemoglobin.

As for small children, suffering from this severe ailment, they must be constantly under such control. With good sugar compensation, life expectancy may be no less than a healthy person.

Type 1 diabetes is also called young diabetes, that is, those who fell ill under the age of 30. Therefore, these norms fully relate to young people suffering from this ailment.

Indicators in patients with diabetes mellitus 2

Indicators of blood sugar levels have a very thin line between the norm and abnormal. For diabetics of type 2, especially in old age and, when applying substitution therapy (insulin), with a decrease in blood sugar levels, it would seem normal numbers - 6.5-7 mmol - very high risk of hypoglycemia.

This reduction can cause severe consequences. Especially it is dangerous for older people. Therefore, it is simply impossible to reduce sugar to the indicators of a healthy person. It should be a little higher.

For patients with diabetes 2 type, the rate of indicators is determined depending on the age, the tendency to hypoglycemia and the availability of complications.

Type 2 diabetes develops in people of middle and older people. The norm for people in old age: without the risk of severe complications - 7.5% is the level of sugar 9.4 mmol, if there are complications of 8% - 10.2 mmol.

For middle-aged people, these indicators are 7% (8.6 mmol) and 7.5% (9.4 mmol), respectively.

Diagnostics of type 2 diabetes using analysis on glycated hemoglobin. The blood test on the glycated hemoglobin is very effective for the early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially its hidden form - prediabet.

It reveals tolerance to glucose. This means that the body ceases to fully react to insulin And part of glucose is not utilized by cells, but remains in the blood. Such. early diagnosis allows you to adjust the condition using a diet and physical Loadswithout resorting to sugar preparations.

Analysis value for people with diabetes mellitus

Diabetics with experience, carefully controlling and regulating sugar levels with a glucometter asks: "Why do I need it?".

Indicators may be excellent, diabetes seem to be compensated. The fact is that it can not know this.

An emission indicator on an empty stomach may be within the normal range - 6.5-7 mmol. And after eating, it will rise to 8.5-9 mmol, and this is already a lot.

It is such a hesitation of sugar within a day and shows the level of the glycated hemoglobin. This is the average. Perhaps, according to the results of the analysis, the doctor will decide to change the dose of insulin or the sugar.

There are sick, especially this applies to those who have type 2 diabetes, which believe that 2-3 measurements of the level of sugar level on an empty stomach per month.

Some do not even use a glucometer. For them, the regular dimension of the glycated hemoglobin is necessary to avoid the development of complications. And they are no less severe than with type 1 diabetes.

Where and how do you need to donate blood?

Today, the analysis on glycated hemoglobin can be made in private clinics and municipal medical institutions.

Within oMS programs And for the disabled, this analysis is free. If the coupons for free analysis do not give or miss them, in private clinic You will make it even without direction. Approximate cost from 500 rubles.

You can donate analysis on glycohemoglobin at any time, even after meals. Does not affect the result of the analysis and condition of a person - stress, colds , sports, alcohol intake. Blood fence is produced at any time of the day from Vienna. Prepared analysis for 3-4 days.

They say who is warned, he is armed. Take care to avoid such a serious disease, like diabetes or keep it under constant control.

Glycated hemoglobin plays an important role in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Thanks to him, detect the disease in the early stages of its development. This makes it possible to start treatment in a timely manner.

The level of this indicator is monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy. But few know what it is.

Get acquainted with glycated hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a component of erythrocytes - blood taurus responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. When sugar penetrates over the erythrocyte membrane, the reaction occurs. Amino acids and sugar interact. The result of this reaction is the glycated hemoglobin.

Inside erythrocytes, hemoglobin is stable, so the level of this indicator is constant for quite a long time (up to 120 days). For 4 months, red blood cells perform their work. After this period, they are destroyed in the red spleen pulp. Together with them, the decay process undergo glycohemoglobin and its free form. After that, bilirubin (the final product of the decay of hemoglobin) and glucose are not associated.

The glycosylated form is an important indicator in patients with diabetes, and in healthy people. Difference only in concentration.

What role plays in the diagnosis

There are several forms of glycated hemoglobin:

• HBA1A;
• HBA1B;
• HBA1C.

In medical practice, the last type appears most often. The correctness of the proceedings carbohydrate exchange - That's what the glycated hemoglobin shows. Its concentration will be high if the sugar level is greater than the norm.

The HBA1C value is measured as a percentage. An indicator is calculated as a percentage of the total hemoglobin volume.

The blood test on the glycated hemoglobin is needed in suspected of the presence of diabetes and tracking the body's reaction for treatment from this disease. It is very accurate. In a percentage, you can judge the blood sugar over the past 3 months.

Endocrinologists successfully use this indicator when diagnosing hidden forms of diabetes, when there are no obvious symptoms of the disease.

This indicator is used as a marker that determines people entering the risk area for the development of complications in diabetes. The table shows the indicators for age categories that specialists are focused.

Standard analyzes are significantly losing on its background. Analysis on HBA1C is more informative and convenient.

Norm for women

Each woman should pay attention to the level of glycated hemoglobin in the body. Significant deviations from accepted norms (table below) - indicates the following failures:

1. Diabetes of various shapes.
2. Lack of iron.
3. Renal failure.
4. Weak vessel walls.
5. The consequences of surgical intervention.

The norm in women should be within these values:

If the inconsistency was found to the specified indicators, it is necessary to undergo a survey, which will help identify the reasons for changing the level of glucose.

Regulations for men

In men, this indicator is higher than women. The rate of age is indicated in the table:

Unlike women, strong sex representatives, this study must be held regularly. This is especially true of men older than 40 years.

A quick weight gain may mean that a sugar diabetes has started to develop. Appeal to a specialist at the first symptoms helps to diagnose the disease in the early stages, which means timely and successful treatment.

Children's norms

In a healthy child, the level of "sugar compound" is equal to the indicators of an adult: 4.5-6%. If B. childhood Diabetes was diagnosed, it contains strict control of compliance with standard indicators. So, the norm in children suffering from this disease without the risk of complications is 6.5% (7.2 mmol / l glucose). The indicator at the level of 7% indicates the possibility of the development of hypoglycemia.

In teenage-diabetics, the overall picture of the disease may be hidden. This option is possible if the analysis they passed on an empty stomach.

Norms for pregnant women

During pregnancy female organism He undergives many changes. This affects both glucose levels. Therefore, the norm during pregnancy a woman is somewhat different than in its usual condition:

1. At the old age, it is 6.5%.
2. The average corresponds to the indicator of 7%.
3. "Elderly" pregnant women should be at least 7.5%.

Glycated hemoglobin, the norm during pregnancy should be checked every 1.5 months. Since on this analysis determine how the future kid develops and feels. Deviations from standards are negatively reflected in the state of not only "pupportier", but also his moms:

• The indicator below indicates an insufficient level of iron and can lead to braking the development of the fetus. It is necessary to revise the lifestyle, there are more seasonal fruits and vegetables.
• The high level of "sugar" hemoglobin suggests that the kid is likely to be large (from 4 kg). So, childbirth will be heavy.

In any case, to properly enter adjustments, you must consult with your doctor.

Standards for patients with diabetes

Analysis on glycated hemoglobin is given in diagnosis when the patient already knows about his disease. Purpose of the study:

• Best control of blood glucose levels.
• Correction of dosage of sugar drugs.

Norma with diabetes mellitus is approximately 8%. Maintaining such high level due to addiction of the body. If the indicator decreases sharply, it can provoke the development of the hypoglycemic state. This is especially true of people aged. The younger generation needs to strive for a level of 6.5%, this will warn the appearance of complications.

If the level is more than 8%, it means that the assigned therapy is ineffective and requires changes. A person with an indicator from 12% requires urgent hospitalization.

But at the same time, it is necessary to remember that a sharp decrease in the level of glycated hemoglobin is dangerous. It can provoke the development of complications in small eye and kidney vessels. The right is considered to be a decline of 1-1.5% per year.

Factors contributing to increasing

Increasing the level of this hemoglobin is possible not only when the risk of sugar diabetes occurs. It also contributes to other states of the human body:

1. High content of fetal hemoglobin in infants. After HBF displays the baby, the HBA1C is equal with a norm of a healthy person.
2. Iron deficiency in the body contributes to an increase in the concentration of HBA1.
3. After removing the spleen (the organ where red blood cells break).

These processes provoke an increase in the level of glycated hemoglobin, but over time it comes to normal.

Factors contributing to a decrease

If the level of "sugar" hemoglobin is lowered, this means that a person is:

• The blood loss, as a result of which the level of hemoglobin decreased.
• It was blood transfusion, and with it there was a dilution of the HBA1C concentration.
• Malokroviya, that is, the duration of the existence of erythrocytes is reduced.
• Reducing glucose content.

There are defective forms of hemoglobin, and they can distort the results of the tests. At level below, 4% may manifest symptoms of hypoglycemia. One of the reasons for this phenomenon may be insulin (pancreatic tumor), at which the level of insulin is elevated.

Low HBA1C concentration can be called:

1. Overdose of saccharifying tablets.
2. Low carb diet.
3. Insufficiency of adrenal glands.
4. Genetic diseases.

Simple ways to stabilize the indicator

The target level of glycated hemoglobin can be achieved by performing standard recommendations:

• Proper nutrition.
• Stress management.
• Regular sports.

Right ration

Fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants contribute to stabilization of sugar concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to use them more into food. Special attention should be paid to bananas and bean.

Low-calorie milk and yogurt will help not only lose weight, but also enrich the body by calcium and vitamins of the group D. These products are especially necessary for diabetics of the second type. They also need to increase the consumption of fatty fish (tuna, mackerel, salmon) and nuts. This measure will help reduce body resistance to insulin..

As a refueling for products it is worth using cinnamon. The required rate of its consumption is 1/2 teaspoon. It can be added to tea, sprinkle fruits, meat and vegetables with it.

It is necessary to reduce the consumption of fatty and high-calorie food to a minimum. Sweets and snacks lead to an increase in sugar levels.

Regular physical exertion

Daily exercise should take at least 30 minutes a day, as it is possible to lower the level of the glycated indicator by improving the work of the heart and reduce weight.

It is necessary to combine aerobic (walking, swimming) and anaerobic (strength training) exercise. It is important to try to move more during the day, giving preference to stairs and walks on foot.

The more active man, the level of hemoglobin A1C is closer to normal.

Caring for the nervous system

Specialists argue that stress and concern have a negative impact on the heart, and this, in turn, leads to an increase in the level of glycated hemoglobin. Therefore, it is advisable to perform respiratory gymnastics, engage in yoga and meditation.

If possible, it is necessary to gradually get rid of habits causing stress. Take all prescribed medicines in a timely manner.

How to prepare for the surrender

The blood test on the glycated hemoglobin is recommended in the morning. He does not require special preparation. The only condition: before visiting the laboratory, do not perform any physical exertion.

The accuracy of the results does not affect:

• How tightly patient was on the day before.
• Whether man has alcoholic beverages.
• Transferred stress.
• The presence of viral and colds.

But there are temporary limitations. Here is a small list of recommendations, how to take the analysis:

• If a person has no symptoms of diabetes, then you need to visit the laboratory once every 3 years (the norm for a healthy person).
• If earlier the result was 5.7-6.4%, then it is necessary to donate blood annually.
• If the indicator above is 7%, it means that the test passes 1 time in 6 months.
• People with poorly controlled sugar levels are examined every 3 months.

Blood fence is made from vein or finger. It all depends on the choice of the analyzer. The results will be ready the next day. The following factors can distort data:

1. The patient suffers to anemia.
2. The presence of thyroid disease.
3. Reception of vitamins C and E.

Causes of overestimated and understated indicators

To accurately determine the cause of the overestimated level, which showed the analysis, only after a comprehensive examination. Increased blood sugar, which shows glycated hemoglobin, is not always the only reason. Other prerequisites are possible for obtaining such a result:

• Splenectomy - removal of the spleen.
• Renal failure.
• Elevated level Fetal hemoglobin.
• Reduced content Iron in the body.

The low level of "sugar hemoglobin" is also dangerous as its elevated concentration. Although it rarely happens, the reasons for this phenomenon still should be known.

If the analysis showed 4% below, it is a bad sign. Strong fatigue, vision disorder, drowsiness, fainting, irritability - all this symptoms show that the glycated hemoglobin fell. Factors that provoked it may be:

• Recent blood loss in large volumes.
• Pathologies that caused the premature destruction of red blood cells.
• Hepatic and renal failure.
• Failure to work the pancreas.
• Hypoglycemia.

HBA1C analysis makes it possible to detect diabetes in the early stages, control its development and even determine the correctness of the development has not yet born.

Another advantage of this technique is the stability of the indicators: it is possible to donate blood in the presence of colds and viral diseases, After eating food and an empty stomach. The data obtained as a result of this study is accurate and informative (a period of 3 months is traced). The only negative is that not in each laboratory is carried out on the glycated hemoglobin.