Sugar rate in children after meals table. What blood sugar is considered normal for a child? What indicators are normal
The main reasons why blood sugar deviates in a child from normal level,
are poor nutrition, heredity, hormonal disorders, nervous tension.
Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia are often diagnosed in children aged 5–10 years. The reasons for the deviation of this indicator from the norm may be different, among which the following are distinguished.
Poor and irregular nutrition
Children grow up quickly and their bodies need glucose for normal development. At the same time, young children may have problems recognizing or reporting symptoms of low blood sugar or hypoglycemia. Hence, healthy glucose levels in children are usually higher than healthy glucose levels in adults. Different children have different needs; Your child's healthcare provider can determine the best glucose levels for your child as they grow and develop. Elevated levels glucose may indicate the need for diabetic testing.
Hormonal changes
Most often it is the result of a malfunction of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands and thymus gland. The child's body begins to produce special substances that destroy the cells that are responsible for the breakdown of carbohydrates and the absorption of glucose into the blood through the cell membranes.
Poor functioning of the digestive tract
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa, colitis, duodenitis, pancreatic diseases - all this contributes to the development of impaired absorption of glucose by the body.
Lean blood sugar should be near the low end of the range. Blood sugar after meals and before bed should be near the upper end of the range. There are several blood tests available for type 1 diabetes in children. Regardless of when your child last ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 milligrams per deciliter or 1 millimole per liter or higher suggests diabetes. This test shows your child's average blood sugar level over the past two to three months. Specifically, the test measures the percentage of blood sugar bound to an oxygen-containing protein in red blood cells. An A1C level of 5% or higher on two separate tests indicates diabetes. Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample is taken after your child fasts overnight.
- Random blood sugar test.
- This is the primary screening test for type 1 diabetes.
- A blood sample is taken at a random time.
- Glycidal hemoglobin.
Poor and irregular nutrition
Eating healthy is half the way to recovery. The child's body gets used to receiving food at a certain time and of the desired quality. If there are violations in the diet, then negative deviations in its work begin to appear, manifested by bad diseases.
It is important to distinguish between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes because treatment strategies differ. These additional tests include. Urine tests to check for ketones, which also suggests type 1 diabetes rather than type 2. Blood tests to check for antibodies that are common in type 1 diabetes. ... The American Diabetes Association recommends an A1C or lower for all children. Your doctor will also periodically use blood and urine tests to check your child.
Cholesterol Levels Function thyroid gland Kidney function. ... Also, your doctor will be regular. Assess Your Child's Blood Pressure and Growth Check sites where your child checks blood sugar and delivers insulin. Your child will need regular eye exams. Your child may also be screened for celiac disease at the time of the diabetes diagnosis and at regular intervals, depending on your child's age and symptoms.
Nervous tension
Problems in school or family strongly affect the child's still unformed psyche. For him, the whole world is still his father's house and school. If he gets negative in both cases, then there is a high probability of developing this disease.
Heredity
If the father or mother of the child, as well as other close relatives have such an ailment, then the baby is at risk at the level.
Lifelong treatment of type 1 diabetes includes blood sugar monitoring, insulin therapy, healthy eating and regular exercise - even for children. As your child grows and changes, so will your diabetes care plan.
If your child's diabetes treatment seems overwhelming, take it one day at a time. On some days you are doing great with your baby's sugar and on other days, it may seem like nothing good is working. Don't forget that you are not alone.
You will work closely with your child's diabetes care team - a doctor, diabetes educator, and nutritionist - to keep your child's blood sugar as close to normal as possible. You will need to check and record your blood sugar at least four times a day, but possibly more often. This requires frequent finger sticks. Some blood glucose meters allow testing at sites other than your fingertips.
Excess weight
Whatever the level of excess weight, it is always bad for health, especially for children. Obesity contributes to development not only diabetes mellitus or hypoglycemia, but also hypertension, heart disease.
Why the amount of glucose can deviate from the norm
Frequent testing is the only way to make sure your child's blood sugar stays within its target range, which can change as your child grows and changes. Your child's doctor will tell you what your child's blood sugar is in the target range.
Continuous glucose monitoring
Continuous glucose monitoring is the newest way to control blood sugar levels. This may be most beneficial for people who do not experience the usual symptoms of hypoglycemia prevention. This can be a complementary tool, but it usually does not replace regular blood sugar monitoring.
Excessive physical activity
Everything is good in moderation. Permanent physical exercise, being busy can lead to the syndrome chronic fatigue, which is a fertile ground for the formation and development of diseases associated with poor absorption of glucose. This will lead to the fact that the rate and samples for sugar will differ.
Anyone with type 1 diabetes requires insulin treatment to survive. Many types of insulin are available, including. Depending on your child's age and needs, your doctor may prescribe a mixture of types of insulin for use throughout the day and night.
Medical and psychological assistance
There are several options for delivering insulin, including. The advantage of the needle and syringe is that some different types insulin can be mixed in one injection, reducing the number of injections. This device looks like an ink pen, except that the cartridge is filled with insulin. Mixed insulin pens are available, but these mixes are not usually intended for children. Insulin pump. It is a cell phone-sized device that is worn outside the body. A tube connects the insulin reservoir with a catheter inserted under the skin of your abdomen.
- Fine needle and syringe.
- Insulin pen.
The blood sugar rate for children of different ages is set within the following framework:
- up to 1 year from 2.8 to 4.4 mmol / l;
- from 1 to 5 years from 3.3 to 5 mmol / l;
- 6 years and older from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l;
If the indicators of the analysis for sugar and the norm for children differ up or down, a second test should be done in order to make sure of the diagnosis. If your blood sugar is very close to normal performance, then the test should also be repeated.
Why elevated level
Instead, your child needs a lot of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain - foods high in food and low in fat and calories. the child's intake of carbohydrates must be consistent. Your child's dietitian is likely to assume that your child - and the rest of the family - is eating less animal products and sweets. This meal plan is best for the whole family.
Understanding what and how much to feed your baby can be a challenge. A dietitian can help you create a meal plan that suits your child's health goals, nutritional preferences, and lifestyle. Certain foods, such as those high in sugar or fat, can be more difficult to include in your child's diet than healthier choices. For example, foods high in fat can cause a spike in blood sugar a few hours after your child has eaten, because fat slows down digestion.
Why elevated level
If the child's test values \u200b\u200bfor sugar and the norm vary greatly upward, this indicates a possible diabetes mellitus. The main points why an elevated level can occur:
Unfortunately, there is no set formula to tell you how your baby's body will handle different foods. But, over time, you will learn more about how your beloved child affects his or her blood sugar, and then you can learn to compensate for them.
Everyone needs regular aerobic exercise, and children with type 1 diabetes are no exception. Encourage your child to get regular physical activity and, better yet, exercise with your child. Make physical activity a part of your child's daily life.
- long-term use of non-steroidal drugs;
- disturbances in the work of the hormonal system;
- pancreatitis, tumors and other disorders of the pancreas;
- overweight.
Why is the level lowered
If the baby's blood sugar level has dropped sharply, this indicates the occurrence of hypoglycemia. Highly dangerous diseasewhich can cause coma and also lead to death. The reasons why this deviation occurs may be the following:
But remember that physical activity usually lowers blood sugar levels and can affect blood sugar levels up to 12 hours after exercise. If your child starts a new activity, check your child's blood sugar more often than usual until you know how his or her body is responding to the activity. You may need to adjust your child's intake plan or insulin dose to compensate for the increased activity.
Even if your child takes insulin and eats on a tight schedule, the amount of sugar in his or her blood can change unpredictably. With the help of your child's diabetes care team, you will learn how your child's blood sugar changes in response to.
- diseases of the nervous system;
- hormonal disorders;
- oncological diseases;
- malnutrition and dehydration;
It is important to remember that the detection of this disease on early stage promotes more successful treatmentkeeping the body of children in a healthy state.
Symptoms
Food can be a particular problem for very young children with type 1 diabetes because they often don't finish on their plates. This is a problem if you gave your child an insulin injection to cover more food than he or she. Tell your doctor if this will be a problem for your child, so you and your doctor can come up with an insulin regimen that works for your family. The more active your child is, the lower his blood sugar level can be. To compensate, you may need to lower your child's insulin dose to unusual physical activity. Or, your child may need a pre-workout snack. Disease. The disease affects your baby's need for insulin in different ways. Hormones produced during illness raise blood sugar levels, but lowering carbohydrate intake due to poor appetite or vomiting lowers the need for insulin. Ask your doctor about a sick day management plan. Growth sprinkles and puberty. It's just that once you've mastered the baby's insulin needs, he or she sprouts seemingly overnight and suddenly isn't getting enough insulin. Hormones can also affect insulin needs, especially for teenage girls when they start their period. avoid problems with low blood sugar during the night, you may need to adjust your child's insulin routine. Ask your doctor about good blood sugar levels before bed.
- Food.
- Physical activity.
Elevated or reduced level blood sugars are similar and manifest as follows:
- dry mouth, the child constantly asks for a drink;
- dryness of the skin of the body, small ulcers on the legs may occur;
- itchy skin;
- high level weakness and cold hands and feet;
- frequent headaches.
It should be noted that with hypoglycemia, the baby becomes restless and overly active. After eating sweets, he becomes overly agitated for a short period, the skin turns pale, his head starts spinning, and the child may lose consciousness. This is a very dangerous moment, which can provoke not only someone, but also a fatal outcome.
Sugar levels
Some short-term complications of type 1 diabetes such as low level blood sugar, high blood sugar, and ketoacidosis are usually diagnosed by detecting ketones in the urine and require immediate attention. If left untreated, these conditions can cause seizures and loss of consciousness.
Hypoglycemia - The blood sugar level is below your child's target range. Blood sugar levels can drop for many reasons, including skipping meals, getting more physical activity than usual, or injecting too much insulin.
Medical and psychological assistance
The child is treated both medically and psychologically. Of drugs insulin injections are prescribed. It is usually injected into the shoulder, abdomen, or buttocks once a day. The injection site must be constantly changed so that the fatty layer of the epidermis in this place does not thin out. But, in addition to taking this drug, you need to adhere to the following basic rules.
Regular physical activity
You can choose certain sports that contribute to the activation metabolic processes in the body of children and knock down high sugar.
Compliance with the correct diet
In agreement with the pediatrician, a nutritional schedule should be drawn up, it should be regular. It is necessary to exclude carbohydrate foods from the daily diet, such as pasta, buns, some types of cereals, bananas, grapes, sweets. It is necessary to give the child more green vegetables and fruits, animal fats should be replaced with vegetable ones. Babies should be fed frequently, about 5 times a day.
Personal hygiene
Impaired glucose uptake causes such a phenomenon as dryness of all skin integuments. What causes itching, all kinds of irritation and suppuration. At the same time, it is important to teach the baby to observe personal hygiene and lubricate the irritated skin with a soothing cream.
And, of course, psychological help and support is very important for a child at this stage of life. It is important to explain to him the fact that he is normal, just a slightly different standard of living than that of other children. There are special organizations that help children and adolescents adapt to new conditions of existence, teach them how to inject themselves.
Children with the same disease are very vulnerable, they want to make the whole world happy and are very responsive to the emotions of others. It is important to teach him the understanding that he is responsible only for his emotions and happiness, and this is the norm.
It should be remembered that the baby is still growing and developing and there is a chance complete cure from diabetes or hypoglycemia. The origins of all diseases should be sought in oneself. You need to talk to the child and understand what he feels, what caused the illness. Parental warmth and love, mutual understanding in the family can work wonders.
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A blood sugar test is to determine the glucose content in it. Although the concept of sugar has recently been pleasantly associated with something uniquely harmful, without sufficient content of this substance, adequate work of the organs is very difficult, and the brain is completely on a glucose diet. Blood sugar for children and adults is an energetic substance. Fats and proteins are the building blocks of cells and tissues. Extraction of energy from such substances is associated with additional efforts for the body, but carbohydrates, which include glucose, on the contrary, have the main function of energy. Thus, the adequacy of biochemical reactions in the human body and the health of cells depend on the level of glucose in the blood, and therefore general state and well-being.
Blood sugar testing in children can be done in a variety of ways. The most common is the finger pick. 8-12 hours before that, it is necessary to stop all meals, only pure water is permissible from the liquid. Juices, compotes and other drinks contain certain doses of sugar, like, by the way, and toothpaste. In order to avoid the absorption of sugar through the mucous membranes of the mouth, it is better not to brush the teeth before taking blood.
The norm of blood sugar in children
Children in their physiological parameters are strikingly different from adults, so it is quite logical that the rate of glucose content changes with age. For infants, a range of 2.78-4.4 mmol per liter is permissible, for children under 6 years of age, a corridor normal values is modified to 3.3-5 mmol. The rate of blood sugar in young and middle children school age is determined by a wider interval of 3.33 - 5.55 mmol, and starting from the age of 14 and up to the half-century anniversary, the indicator from 3.89 to 5.83 mmol per liter is relevant. When studying medical records and conclusions on the analyzes of your child, you must remember that measurements can be carried out in different units, and the specific method of blood sampling and the chosen research method impose their own adjustments and errors, therefore the final conclusion about the compliance of the blood sugar content in children with the norm should be done by a specialist. This must be borne in mind when conducting analysis at home. The readings of a portable blood glucose meter should be taken into account, but it is not worth making diagnoses based on them, since even incorrect storage of the test strips distorts the result.
What causes low or high blood sugar in children
The condition in which there is a lack of glucose is called hypoglycemia. Symptoms of this ailment are considered pallor, irritability, cold sweat, increased heart rate, weakness, drowsiness, headache... If the child is still very young and cannot report a worsening condition, the presence of hypoglycemia can be suspected by atypical behavior. Whims for no reason, lethargy, refusal of sweets and food - all this is the basis for a blood sugar test. Hypoglycemia can occur as a result of overexertion or after an eating disorder; in all other cases, a decrease in blood sugar is an alarming symptom.
The opposite phenomenon - hyperglycemia - is characterized by an excess of glucose, high sugar in blood. In children of the newborn period, the disease can be observed for reasons that are not fully understood. In older children, hyperglycemia can be provoked by stress, transferred infectious diseasesas well as work disruptions endocrine system, including diabetes.
Individual symptoms of hyperglycemia are similar to the opposite state of hypoglycemia - there is weakness, coldness of the extremities, headache. The state of an excess of glucose also has its own symptoms: strong thirst and dry mouth, sharp deterioration vision, pruritus and gastrointestinal disorders.
