Many mistakenly assume that the increase in blood sugar is characteristic only for diabetics. But actually it is not. Even W. healthy people can periodically increase this indicator and the reasons for this somewhat - hormonal disorders, diseases endocrine system etc. And before talking about why sugar rises in the blood, it is necessary to start to understand how role he performs in human organism And why need to track its level.

Sugar in the blood and its functions

Sugar is glucose that penetrates the human body directly with food. Its main sources are ordinary sugar and easily driving carbohydrates. Under the action of insulin glucose is split to acids, giving the body the energy necessary for it for normal functioning.

Insulin production is engaged in pancreas. Its number directly depends on the quality and quantity coming over all day food. If the pancreas work fails, the insulin production slows down, and in some cases, in general, decreases to a minimum. Accordingly, the glucose splitting process is also disturbed and it begins to accumulate in the tissues and body fluids, provoking the development of such a systemic disease as diabetes mellitus.

But it should be noted, this disease can be 2 types and each of them has its own characteristics. In type 1 diabetes, the synthesis of insulin is disturbed. It is observed in people having a hereditary predisposition to diabetes.

In type 2 diabetes, there are no failures in the work of the pancreas or the development of insulin, but in this case it cannot fully process glucose, as a result of which it increases in the blood.

Type 2 diabetes is acquired and in most cases begin to develop against the background of incorrect nutrition. It is dangerous by the fact that during its development, blood cholesterol is often rising, which increases the risks of the development of thrombophlebitis, stroke or myocardial infarction.

Symptoms and signs of violations

The most important signs that the blood sugar is elevated are:

• dry mouth;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• raising / decline in appetite;
• numbness and tingling lower extremities;
• darkening of the hotel skin;
• impairment;
• sword;
• reducing libido;
• bleeding gums.

Skin manifestations sugar diabetes can be the most diverse

At the same time, wounds and abrasions on the skin are healing for a very long time, ulcers can appear in their place. The skin becomes dry and begins to peel, it periodically appears itching and burning. If you have at least one of these symptoms, you must donate urgently biochemical analysis blood.

This can be done not only in the hospital, but also at home with a glucometer. If it shows deviations from the norm (for women and men, it is 3.3-5.5 mmol / l, for children - 2.7-5.5 mmol / l), then you should immediately seek help to the doctor.

Factors contributing to the increase in blood sugar

The main reason for which the level of glucose in the blood is raised, was considered above - this is not enough insulin production by the pancreas or its defective work. But there are also other factors that can lead to such changes. And they include:

• increase in the diet of "harmful" products and dishes - fatty, flour, smoked, fried, etc.;
• excessive use of alcoholic beverages;
• systematic overeating;
• stress, depression;
• hormonal disorders in the body associated with the onset of pregnancy and climax.

Causes of improving blood sugar can be worn and different. If systematic disorders are observed, they can be provoked:

• pathologies, with the development of which the work of bodies involved in the development of hormones are violated;
• violations of liver functions;
• violation of carbohydrate I. fat Exchange in organism;
• obesity.

Obesity is one of the common causes of diabetes mellitus.

However, in most cases, reasons high Sahara In the blood and development of diabetes is hereditary predisposition. If the family has persons who suffer from this disease, the risks of developing it in the descendants increases several times.

Among women

The reasons increased sugar In blood, women can be hidden in excessive use of chocolate, marmalade and other sweets, as well as in:

• psychological disorders;
• pathologies thyroid gland;
• long-term reception of oral contraceptives;
• pathologies of the gastrointestinal bodies.

Important! High blood sugar can indicate the development of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, to establish the exact cause of the data of violations, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination.

In pregnant women

In pregnant women, the increase in blood sugar is caused by the active production of hormones with the placenta necessary for normal growth and development of the fetus. These hormones contribute to an increase in blood glucose levels, which makes the load on the pancreas. And sometimes this body simply does not cope with its tasks, which leads to such violations.

Each pregnant woman must constantly monitor blood sugar level

Increased blood sugar in women during pregnancy is a dangerous state. All processes that occur in the mother's body negatively affect the work of the fetus organism. Its pancreas also experiences serious loads - it increases the amount of insulin production. As a result, a violation of a hormonal background occurs, which causes the transformation of excess glucose into fatty tissue.

The consequence of all this is the rapid range of the child's weight. And what it is more, the higher the need for an oxygen. And often by 8-9 months of pregnancy, hypoxia begins to develop, which may entail serious health problems for the baby.

Important! If a woman has an excess of blood sugar levels in the next test, it is necessary to go through urgent comprehensive treatment. If this is not done, firstly, to increase the risk of developing diabetes in a woman and her child in the future, secondly, the overweight of the fetus will lead to various complications for childbirth.

In men

Increased blood sugar in men is mainly due to violation of the pancreas. But other factors can also provoke such violations. For example:

• redundant level of growth hormone in the body (marked with high men);
• reception some medicinal preparations;
• cushing syndrome;
• harmful habits are tobacco, frequent use of alcoholic beverages;
• excessive physical exercise;
• liver pathology;
• epilepsy;
• pathology of the gastrointestinal bodies.

In children

In children, the causes of a sharp increase in blood sugar may occur for the following reasons:

• hereditary predisposition when someone from native sick diabetes;
• transferred infectious diseases, such as rubella or flu;
• deficiency in the body of vitamin D;
• the use of water, which contains many nitrates;
• previously, the beginning of the dust.

Food plays an important role in the development and health of the child. Lack of vitamins and oversupply harmful substances In the body can provoke the development of diabetes mellitus 2

Often, in school children, a change in blood is observed with excitement, for example, before passing the exam or writing the final test work. The thing is that when a person is experiencing emotional discomfort, its body becomes hypersensitive, which becomes the reason for increasing the synthesis of hormones.

As a result, the appetite rises, the child begins to eat a lot of sweet, the result of which such a problem appears. But, as practice shows, it immediately disappears after the body is moving away from stress and returns to normal operation. If this does not happen, the child is immediately needed to show a specialist.

Raising blood sugar in the morning hours

Speaking about why sugar in the morning increases, only a few reasons can be distinguished. The most important of them is the morning dawn syndrome. In this case, the body takes place in the body of the hormones, it is in the morning hours, that is, immediately after awakening, which release carbohydrates, contributing to their rapid cleavage and penetration into blood.

But all these processes are only temporary and with regular tracking of their health, a person may noted that he has a high level of blood sugar in the morning, and after dinner and in the evening it is normal.

Blood sugar rate for adult

And if we talk about why this figure increases in the morning, it should also be said that the reason for this may be also syndrome Somoga. It is characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus, when insulin injection is prescribed patients. In this case, the so-called response of the body is happening to excess insulin, which manifests itself in the form of excessive generation of cross-rigorous hormones provoking blood sugar increases.

In any case, if the level of glucose in the blood in the evening remains normal, and in the morning it is raised, then it is necessary to urgently visit the doctor and discuss further treatment with him.

Blood sugar at night

At night, the increase in this indicator rarely occurs. Most often, the blood sugar rises closer to the morning, which is caused by the production of hormones. If its indicator rises at night, then the reason for this is post-aproglycemic hyperglycemia.

It is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels in the region of 2: 00-5: 00 hours. In this case, the organism's response is also occurring on the introduction of a large amount of insulin before bedtime or on excessive use of sweets or bakery products throughout the day.

It should be understood that the increase in blood sugar level is periodically observed in all people. But if these violations are systematic, this is a serious reason to appeal to the doctor.

The causes of high blood sugar are always individual. And not always, it is not always that diabetes mellitus. Many people live all their lives, fortunately, never encounter such questions. It is important to understand that a healthy person has elevated blood sugar - extreme rarity.. Moreover, this feature does not depend on gender and age. It is the same for women and men (with the exception of the period of pregnancy and newborn).

Glucose is the main power source of cells. With a decrease in its level in the bloodstream, many organs and systems suffer. The brain does not know how to get energy from alternative sources. But in large quantities, the same glucose becomes toxic and harmful, forcing the whole body to fight for the normalization of the indicator and work "to wear". As a rule, the symptoms of the imbalance are not always obvious, so without exception, it is necessary to periodically check for sugar.

Causes of high blood sugar

As already determined, what the blood sugar rate in man should know anyone who seeks to preserve their health for many years. Here, any deviations are fraught with serious problems and even subsequent disability. If the analysis showed hyperglycemia, it is worth deciding what the trouble lies. Consider the main points why it happens high Sugar. In blood and is always diabetes.

1. , including diabetes mellitus. In addition to different types Sugar disease is a significant impact on the level of glucose can be provided by the pathology of the thyroid gland, pathology of pituitary gland and others.
2. . Refer to a separate group, since it is the liver, in many respects responsible for maintaining normal values Sahara. Any serious failures in her work are inevitably reflected in the analysis.
3. . , increased exercise, stable / sharp nutritional violation, extreme sports and any activity that causes sharp emission of adrenaline (natural insulin antalnist). Separately, it is worth noting the effect of nervous loads and smoking.
4. , inadequate therapy folk recipes Treatment. Here the influence of hormonal contraceptives, steroids, diuretic drugs is estimated.
5. . This condition is called and requires careful medical control.
6. Regular, use of high products glycemic index, Increased body weight. Often such moments are accompanied by the initial stage of diabetes, predominant or violation of glucose tolerance. In the absence of adequate control, the development of true diabetes is almost inevitable.
7. Serious heart pathology, myocardial infarction, severe surgical interventions. In the latter case, the increase in sugar is, yet, a temporary nature associated with severe stress for the body.

Many of these reasons do not lead to the development of serious pathologies, but are only a temporary factor provoking an imbalance in the body. But any extinguishing from the level of blood sugar level is dangerous symptomrequiring mandatory consultation from a specialist.

Diabetes is chronic illnessAs a result of which there is a violation of the digestibility of glucose in the body, which in turn leads to an increase in glucose. But, there are other reasons for increasing blood sugar except diabetes.

Sugar diabetes is the third about the prevalence of a disease that represents a threat across around the world. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the first and second type of illness occurs.

However, pathology has specific varieties - modes, Lada and others. But they are detected much less often. It is not excluded that due to the fact that these kinds of illness are hard to diagnose, and they are easily confused with 1 or 2 diabetes type.

It is necessary to consider the reasons for improving blood sugar that do not touch diabetes. And also find out what symptoms indicate an increase in glucose in the human body?

Physiological increase in sugar

The norm is considered to be the indicators of the sugar content, which vary from 3.3 to 5.5 units on an empty stomach. If glucose values \u200b\u200breach up to 7.0 units, this indicates the development of the prediabetic state.

In the case when sugar has increased over 7.0 units, then you can talk about diabetes mellitus. However, one result to argue about any pathology is completely meaningless and incorrect.

To confirm or disprove sugar diabetes, in any case additional tests will be recommended. And on the basis of all decodes of analyzes, the disease is already diagnosed.

As mentioned above, diabetes is characterized by an increase in blood sugar. But this ailment does not act as the only reason that leads to this pathology. In medical practice, physiological and pathological reasons Enhance glucose.

With intensive physical activity, long-term mental intense work, as well as after the meal, the concentration of sugar in the blood increases. This is a legitarious result of any physiological process in the body.

However, a certain period of time, since the body independently regulates the level of sugar, glucose indicators are gradually decreasing, as a result of which stabilize under adal limits.

The physiological increase in sugar can be based on such reasons:

• Pain shock, acute myocardial infarction.
• Middle and severe burns.
• Epileptic seizure.
• Heavy shape of angina.
• Violation of the functionality of the liver when sugar entering blood from glycogen cannot be fully absorbed.
• Card-brain injury, operational procedure (for example, an operation on the stomach).
• Stressful situation, nervous tension.
• Fractures, injuries and other injury.

Stress leads to the fact that certain hormones contribute to the blood, which contribute to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the body. However, when a person calms down, glucose returns to the norm alone.

Reception of some medicines leads to an increase in blood sugar content. For example, contraceptive pills, steroids, diuretic tablets, antidepressants, tranquilizers as a side effect provoke a sugar increase.

In medical practice there were cases when long reception medicines (Over two years), led to the development of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, if there is a hereditary factor, you need to carefully study the side effects of all accepted medicines.

In any case, when the body works fully, and it is possible to eradicate the source of sugar increases, then glucose is normalized at the required level. If this does not happen, then it is necessary to undergo an additional examination.

Pathological causes of improving sugar

Sugar level

As mentioned above, the reasons for increased blood sugar can be wounded in the development of diabetes, based on physiological etiology (sugar rises for a slight period of time).

In addition, in medical practice, diseases are distinguished, the emergence of which directly or indirectly leads to the fact that sugar in the human body rose.

Definitely, a sugar diabetes occupies the first place among pathologies, which leads to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the human body. Diabetes is an ailment of an endocrine system when the pancreatic hormone deficiency is observed.

Sugar diabetes can be confused with other pathologies, which also increase sugar performance. Consider the disease in more detail:

1. Feochromocytoma is an endocrine pathology, due to which a large amount of adrenaline and norepinenenaline is produced - these are hormones that ensure the increase in glucose. A sign of illness is an increase in blood pressure indicators, and they can vary significantly and achieve limit values. Symptoms: irritability, rapid heartbeat, increased sweating, state of rapid fear, nervous excitation.
2. Pathology of Itsenko-Cushing (problems with the pituitary gland), violation of the functionality of the thyroid gland. These arals lead to the fact that there is a large emission of glucose into the blood, accordingly its concentration increases.
3. Pancreatic increments, acute and chronic form pancreatitis, tumor education. When these states are observed, insulin cannot be fully generated, which leads to the development of secondary diabetes.
4. Chronic liver ailments - hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, tumor education in the organ.

As the information listed above shows, there are many diseases that lead to a hormonal imbalance in the body, as a result of which a pathological increase in sugar occurs.

As a rule, if adequate drug therapy, aimed at eradicating the main problem, sugar will soon come to normal.

Symptoms of elevated sugar

Increased blood sugar can be asymptomatic, that is, a person does not feel the deterioration of his well-being, there is no negative signs and deviations from the norm.

It happens that insignificant and weakly expressed signs of increasing the concentration of sugar are observed. However, people tend to not pay attention to their state, writing off the unusual symptoms on completely different reasons.

Basically, clinical picture Increased sugar in the human body is quite extensive, and the signs of "sweet blood" can vary significantly depending on the experience of pathology, age group, the sensitivity of the body to change.

Consider the symptoms that are inherent in blood sugar:

• Dry mouth, constant desire to drink up to 5 liters per day, abundant and frequent urinationThe increase in the proportion of urine per day is the most common classic symptoms of high sugar.
• General ailment, decay, weakness, lethargy, reduced performance.
• Reducing body weight against the background of former nutrition.
• Skin diseases that are seriously amenable to medication therapy.
• Frequent infectious and colds, impellent diseases.
• Unexpected attacks of nausea, vomiting.

The representatives of the fine sex against the background of the high concentration of sugar, it is observed and burning in the field of genital organs. In turn, the chronic increase in glucose in men negatively affects the erectile function.

It should be noted that an excessive increase in sugar is extremely dangerous, as this leads to numerous complications. If there is a critical increase in sugar over 15 units (can reach 35-40 units), then the patient has confused, hallucinations, increases the risk of coma and subsequent death.

It is not necessary that one person will have all the listed symptoms above. Yes, and the severity of signs can differ significantly.

However, if there are several symptoms data - this is a reason to appeal to the doctor. It is he who will be able to differentiate the disease, and put the correct diagnosis.

How to differentiate the disease?

Differentiate physiological cause Increased sugar from pathological etiology is quite simple. As a rule, according to one study, which shows the exceeding indicators, do not judge the disease.

If the first analysis showed excess normal indicators, the doctor will necessarily appoint a re-test. When the reason was the physiological increase in sugar (stress, or the patient did not comply with the recommendations before the study), the second result will be within the permissible norm.

Along with this, in order to differentiate sugar chronic disease or prediabetic state characterized by an increase in glucose concentration in the human body, such studies can be recommended:

1. Study of biological fluid on an empty stomach. It is necessary not to eat at least 10 hours before the test. As a rule, several fences are performed on different days, after the results are decrypted and compared.
2. Test that determines the sensitivity to sugar. Initially, the patient takes the blood on an empty stomach, after the sugar load is carried out and the biological fluid is taken again, after 30, 60, 120 minutes.
3. Provide the opportunity to trace the sugar in the human body over the past three months.

If a glycated hemoglobin Up to 5.7% means that the exchange of carbohydrates works fully, the risk of diabetes is reduced to zero. With variations of results from 5.7 to 6%, the probability of diabetes is high, you need to go to low carbon dialing.

Normally, the content of glucose in the blood (glycemia) in an adult is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. This indicator depends on many factors (gender, age, mental and physical condition and others), and indicates the flow of physiological processes. Increasing the level of glucose is called hyperglycemia, which is accompanied by a number of specific symptoms, and may be dangerous to life.

Highlight the following reasons hyperglycemia:

• infectious diseases;
• systemic diseases;
• the use of steroid drugs;
• pregnancy;
• diabetes;
• stress;
• the predominance in the diet of easily digestible carbohydrates.

A short-term increase in sugar can provoke the attack of angina, epilepsy or myocardial infarction. Also increase blood glucose in the occurrence of severe pain burning.

How does the sugar increase manifest

Increased sugar levels, as a rule, manifests itself in several symptoms. If the sharp form of hyperglycemia is developing, then they are expressed most intensively. Evidence of the increased content of glucose in the blood may be such signs:

• dry mouth mucous membrane, thirst;
• violation of urination (frequent, abundant, including - at night);
• itching skin;
• changing body weight indicators in both sides;
• increased drowsiness;
• weakness, fast fatigue;
• dizziness, pain in the head;
• the smell of acetone is oral cavity;
• long healing of damage on the skin;
• vision impairment;
• increased susceptibility to infections;
• violation of potency in men.

If it is detected by such symptoms (not necessarily - all), it is necessary to pass tests for blood glucose content.

How symptoms develop

The mechanism for the development of each of the above symptoms is one way or another is associated with glucose. So frequent desire to drink (polydipsy) arises due to the binding of water molecules with sugar. The liquid migrates from the intercellular space into the lumen of the vessels. As a result, tissue is dehydrated.

At the same time, an increase in blood volume due to the water enhancing provokes arterial pressure and reinforced blood circulation in the kidneys. The body seeks to get rid of the excess fluid by urination, the polyuria is developing.

Without insulin, glucose molecules cannot penetrate the cells. Therefore, when it is not enough to generate a pancreas, as it happens when diabetes of the first type, the fabrics experience a deficit of energy. The body is forced to use other ways of energy supply (proteins, fats), as a result of which the body weight is reduced.

Obesity occurs when the functional activity of insulin-dependent receptors is broken - the second type diabetes. In this case, insulin is produced in sufficient quantity, stimulates the synthesis of fats, and glucose also does not enter the cells, leading to energy starvation.

With the deficit of energy in the tissues of the brain, the sensations of weakness, dizziness, the rapid onset of fatigue are connected. Testing a flaw in glucose, the body is sharply oxidizing fats. This causes an increase in the content of ketone bodies in the bloodstream, and leads to the appearance of the smell of acetone from the mouth.

The inability of glucose penetrate the tissue affects the immune system - leukocytes become functionally defective, and cannot fully struggle with infection. Any damage to the skin becomes "entrance" for pathogenic microorganisms. Slow healing contributes to the excess sugar in the wound tissues, which becomes a favorable nutrient medium for microbes.

The basis of diagnosis is based on tolerance testing (tolerance) to glucose. To do this, in the morning clock, the empty stomach is made of blood pressure, and the sugar content is determined. After that, the patient takes the glucose solution inside. Two hours later they take blood for analysis.

The reliability of indicators depends on a number of conditions:

• the analysis is carried out against the background of emotional and physical peace;
• 10 hours before the procedure, it is impossible to eat anything;
• the day before the delivery you need to exclude excessive physical activity;
• the time interval (2 hours) after receiving the solution of glucose must be carried out in calm condition, sitting or lying.

The results under which the first measurement of the level of glucose shows 7 mmol / l, and the second - more than 11, give grounds to diagnose diabetes.

In addition to glucose, the content of other compounds are detected in the blood, such as:

• glycated hemoglobin (shows the average glucose value in the last three months);
• insulsions (hormones activating insulin allocation);
• amylin (regulates the volume and rate of enrollment into blood glucose after meals);
• glucagon (activates liver cells to produce and isolating glucose).

Methods of reduced hyperglycemia

The reduction in sugar levels is the elimination of a factor that was the cause of hyperglycemia. So, if the reception of drugs gives an increase in blood glucose content, it is necessary to consult with the attending physician about their possible replacement. For diseases of the thyroid gland and others, you need to cure them. In the case of gestational diabetes (during pregnancy), it is enough to revise the diet.

For primary development Diabetes or in case of impossibility of eliminating the cause, therapeutic treatment is shown. To do this, for the disease developing in the first type, insulin injections are prescribed, and during the second type, drugs that reduce the level of glucose.

Despite the fact that in each, separately, the case of the therapeutic scheme is compiled individually, there are rules common to all patients. Should accurately perform the instructions of the doctor, follow the diet, lead healthy image Life, and regularly donate blood on the sugar content.

Nutrition with hyperglycemia

Attentive revision of the diet is the first thing to do with the high content of glucose in the blood. There is a lot of dietary recommendations, which are based on a decrease in the volume of simple carbohydrates in food. The decrease in caloric meals should be combined with the simultaneous preservation of the necessary number of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

Carbohydrates must be predominantly slow type, with a low glycemic index. Daily caloric content is calculated based on individual characteristics. At the same time, the daytime food should be divided into several (up to 6) receptions, with intervals of no more than three hours.

The menu needs to include products that contribute to the reduction of blood glucose. It:

• sour fruits;
• citrus;
• berries (lingonberry, rowan);
• topinambur;
• fresh greens.

From croup priority has buckwheat. In boiled form, it has low calorie and high nutritional value. The buckwheat includes minerals, vitamins and active substances that contribute not only to the decrease in sugar, but also body weight, as well as the purification of the body from toxins and slags.

Significantly reduce the level of glucose will help the next recipe. It is necessary to mix the tablespoon shredded to the state of the cereal powder with a glass of kefir, give it to brew 7-9 hours. You need to drink the mixture 60 minutes before meals for the week.

What threatens the increase in sugar

Complications resulting from elevated blood glucose can be worn as a sharp, quickly manifest and distant character. In the first case, hyperglycemia can cause such states as:

• the damage to the CNS, a coma, a precomath state (manifested by a disruption of nervous conductivity, disorder of reflex ties, partial or complete loss of consciousness);
• ketoacidosis;
• dehydration of the body;
• milk-sour koma.

Such states have preceding symptoms. These are: severe weakness, thirst and large amount of urine allocated (up to 4 l). If such signs appear, you need to urgently seek medical help.

Remote consequences high level Sugar in the body:

• damage to the blood and nervous vessels of the lower extremities, followed by necrosis and gangrena;
• kidney damage, consisting in a complete loss of kidney structures of its functions, followed by the development of insufficiency (represents a threat to life);
• destruction of the retina, leading to loss of vision.

Elevated level Sugar in the blood does not always talk about the presence of pathology in the body. If the symptoms appear increasingly, moreover, others are joined, then it is necessary to donate blood for the glucose content, and consult with a specialist.

IN folk medicine There were a lot of recipes intended to reduce blood glucose content. Below are the most efficient.

• Take the Oats, the volume near the glass or half of the half-liter bank. Pour it with boiling water (6 glasses). Cook on slow heat for an hour. As an option: Hold on a water bath or put in the oven at the same time. When the decoction cools, it should be strain. You can take in any quantity throughout the day unlimited time.
• Take 40 grams of partitions walnut. Place them in half liters of water and put cooking on a small heat for an hour. After the decoction completely cools, it needs to be strain. Use the tool before taking food. The dosage is one tablespoon. You can store the decoction in the refrigerator.
• In the spring period, you need to assemble lilac kidneys until the dissolution. Two tablespoons of raw materials twist 0.4 liters of hot water, and leave to laugh at 6 o'clock (it is best to do in a thermos). After the infusion is ready, it should be strain. Drink small portions throughout the day.
• Wash and graze hell (root). The resulting cleaner is diluted with a dairy product (kefir, yogurt, sour milk, natural yogurt) in a ratio of 1:10. Use the tool before taking food, three times a day. Dosage is one tablespoon.
• Prepare an infusion of laurel sheet: on 10 crushed leaves will need 200 ml of boiling water. Pour the raw material in the thermos, leave for a day. Strain. It is necessary to take infusion warm, about 4 times a day (no more). Dosage is a quarter cup before meal.

As is well known, diabetic sugar affects diabetics primarily power and injections of insulin. In patients with diabetes type 2 - also tablets. We strongly recommend moving on with diabetes 1 and 2 types. While your diet contains products overloaded with carbohydrates, the sugar will not succeed in any way. As for the treatment of diabetes insulin, start with and p.

The real goal in the treatment of diabetes 1 and 2 types - stably keep sugar 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol / l before and after meals. At the same time, it should be no lower than 3.5-3.8 mmol / l, including at night. This is a blood sugar rate in healthy people. It is available for you too! You can achieve such indicators if you stick to a low-carbohydrate diet, to understand drugs from diabetes and learn how to priterate insulin. Below we will look at the secondary factors that affect sugar. They are also important. It is assumed that you are already adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet, picked up the optimal scheme of insulin therapy and drug intake.

Recipes for low-carbohydrate diet with diabetes 1 and 2 types

Passive lifestyle

If your level of physical activity decreases, it may cause a gradual increase in blood sugar. A sedentary lifestyle leads to the fact that the insulin sensitivity is reduced, as well as the body burns less glucose. It is necessary to slightly increase the dosage of insulin in advance if you are going to spend the evening with a book or a TV. The same if you plan a trip by plane, train, bus or car, during which you will sit for a long time.

Slimming or weight set

Fat cells in the human body produce hormones that counteract insulin. Thus, obesity increases blood sugar and increases the need for insulin. If diabetics scored the weight, then the insulin dosages need to be raised, and if he has lost weight, then lower. The effect becomes noticeable when the body weight varies with 0.5 kg, if this occurs due to the accumulation or decrease in body fat. If the weight grows, because muscle mass increases, then the insulin dosages are usually reduced significantly. Brings significant benefits, it is desirable to "swing" in the gym.

Slimming and weight gain change in patients with diabetes individual coefficients - a sensitivity factor for insulin and carbohydrate coefficient. If you do not know what it is, then learn the article "". Recall that blood sugar rate is 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol / l before and after eating. At the same time, sugar should not be below 3.5-3.8 mmol / l at any time, including at night. Based on these numbers, pick up the suitable insulin dosages. Determine them by experiments with a glucometer. If the body has changes, then you need to adjust dosages and extended insulin, and the bolus, which you have been tied on the food.

Some patients with type 1 diabetes, more often young women, reduce their insulin dosages, trying to lose weight. Because of the insulin deficit, they have sugar "offshore". This is a deadly dangerous technique, fraught with intensive care or immediately under a lying stone. Such patients need help of a psychotherapist, and even immediately a psychiatrist. You can easily lose weight if you go on. Due to this, your insulin dosages will decrease in 2-7 times, and this will be naturally. This is a way to lose weight and keep normal sugar in diabetes.

Why you can not overeat

What happens when you eat so tightly that you feel the "stomach stomach"? It turns out that interesting events occur. Let's deal with them - it is important that you control your diabetes well. Abundant food stretches the walls of the stomach. In response to these intestinal cells, special hormones are isolated into the blood, which are called incremental ("those that increase"). They transmit the pancreas signal - to release insulin into the blood to prevent sugar jump after eating.

Insulin is a potent hormone. When the pancreas highlights it into the blood, it can cause a sharp decrease in sugar and hypoglycemia. To prevent this, the pancreas at the same time highlights another less powerful hormone-glucagon. This is a kind of "antagonist", which smoothes insulin effects. It launches glukegenesis and glycogenolysis (glycogen cleavage to glucose). Both of these processes lead to the emission of glucose from the liver into blood. In diabetics, pancreas can produce insulin, but it still produces glucagon normally! That is why abundant meals increase blood sugar, even if diabetics eats a fiber that is not digested.

In Russian-speaking countries, noodles and some meat are usually served in Chinese restaurants. Abroad, Chinese restaurants are different. There, the cooks often prepare meat and it's not noodles to it, but the puff green beans, mushrooms, bamboo shoots, sea cabbage or Chinese cabbage (Pak-Choi). All this vegetable food with large content fiber, which is basically suitable for low-carbohydrate diet with diabetes. But if a lot of it is to eat, then the development of a large number of injurists. Following them, the pancreas will allocate glucagon, not balanced by insulin - and the blood sugar takes off. Calls this problem "The Effect of the Chinese Restaurant".

The conclusion is that it is categorically impossible to overeat with diabetes 1 and 2. Any overeating increases blood sugar, and so unpredictable that it is impossible to calculate the appropriate insulin dose. Avenue attacks are a serious problem, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes. On our site you will find many real methods, how to cope with them without prejudice to health and psyche. Read more:

Intensive mental work

Central nervous system - One of the main consumers of glucose in the human body. When the brain works hard, then sugar in the blood can fall. In what situations it is possible:

• intensive learning;
• concentration on several tasks at the same time;
• new environment (change of work, place of residence);
• intensive social interaction (for example, important communication at the conference);
• the exciting environment that stimulates the intensive work of the brain - buying, casino, etc.

Try to plan situations in advance in which you will need intensive mental work. Lower the dosage of bolus insulin to the food by 10-33%. Keep glucose tablets with me, have experience of using them. Once again we recall that hypoglycemia (sugar drop below the norm) is not a reason to eat forbidden products overloaded with carbohydrates. Accurately measured dose of glucose tablets - what you need.

Age

With age in the body, the level of hormones is reduced, which counteract insulin. One of them is a growth hormone. Probably, after 60 years you will need to downgrade daily dose Exalted insulin.

Remember that hypoglycemia in old age is especially dangerous because the natural hormonal response to it is weakened. Adrenaline and other hormones increase blood sugar. However, in the elderly, in hypoglycemia, they are not developed sufficiently. Therefore, the risk of losing consciousness and other heavy symptoms increases. Also, hypoglycemia can cause a heart attack.

Reflexing sugar after hypoglycemia

A stronger remedy for the phenomenon of the morning dawn is to divide the evening dose of "extended" insulin into two halves and prick one of them for the night, and the other - later, in the middle of the night. To do this, you need to prepare an injection from the evening and start an alarm clock so that it worked after 4 hours. Night injection will quickly enter the habit, and you will make sure it gives a minimum of inconvenience. A glucometer will show that the benefits of such a significant mode.

Added 13,05,2015 years.And there is another method that will accurately help keep a normal sugar in the morning on an empty stomach. This is a preventive injection of a small insulin dose quick action In 3-5 am. This injection will begin to operate after 15-30 minutes, but will turn into full force in 1-1.5 hours. Just when the phenomenon of the morning dawn began to manifest. Insulin injection of fast action in the morning is more potent toolThan Injection extended insulin among the nights. Dosage must be calculated neatly so that hypoglycemia does not happen. Let's deal with how to do it.

Suppose you usually wake up around 7 am. The phenomenon of the morning dawn begins to manifest about 5 o'clock in the morning. The preventive dose of short or ultra-screw insulin must be done at 3-4 in the morning. Here you woke up on the alarm clock at this time, the sugar was measured - and see that it is about 6 mmol / l. You already know the experience that if you do nothing, then the sugar will rise by 2-3 mmol / l. To avoid this, you prophylactically roll a small dose of quick insulin. It should be 0.5-2 units, depending on the mass of the body of diabetics and the type of insulin, which is used. You hardly need more than 3 units.

Type 1 diabetes patient, which usually gets up in the morning at 6 o'clock in the morning, prophylactic quick insulin injeces at 3 o'clock in the morning. If you start your day at 7 am, try pricking fast insulin at 4 o'clock, then at 3 o'clock in the morning. Experienced determine what time is better.

If sugar in 3-5 o'clock in the morning was higher than 6.0-6.5 mmol / l means you do not feel the mode. Dinner later than you need, or incorrectly picked up the dose of extended insulin overnight. In this case, the dose of fast insulin in the morning you are still increasing. The focus is focused to carefully observe the mode from the evening. Put a daily reminder on the phone at 17.30-18.00 that it is time to dinner, and let the whole world wait.

What to remember:

• Extended insulin needed to prick in the middle of the night, and fast - later, at 3-4 o'clock in the morning.
• The dose of fast insulin is 0.5-2, it is hardly necessary for more than 3 units if the sugar is not elevated at night.
• If sugar is 3.5-5.0 mmol / l - fast insulin pricks do not need to avoid hypoglycemia. If sugar is below 3.5 mmol / l - take some glucose in tablets.
• If sugar in 3-5 o'clock in the morning was higher than 6.0-6.5 mmol / l means, you did not fully follow the mode from the evening. Observe it.

Caries teeth complicates diabetes treatment

People pay much less attention to their teeth than it would be. This is especially true of diabetes patients. First, chronically elevated sugar leads to infectious diseases of the oral cavity, because it creates a favorable nutrient medium for bacteria. Then infection in the oral cavity in turn prevents the blood sugar to the norm downgrade. A vicious circle is formed.

You can rarely see the patient with diabetes "with experience", which would not have problems with the teeth. Infectious diseases The oral cavity, which take place hard, can be a sign of diabetes for those patients who have not yet been examined and not diagnosed. Dentists often guide their patients on blood test for sugar, and, as a rule, their suspicions are justified.

If the insulin suddenly stopped working, i.e., your normal dose of insulin does not lower the sugar as usual, first of all, make sure that the insulin in the bottle does not climb. Then check that his shelf life has not passed. If it is all right, then the reason No. 3 of the prevalence - you develop an infectious disease in the mouth. First of all, inspect your gums, whether there are signs of infection. The list of these signs includes redness, swelling, bleeding, soreness to the touch. Type in the mouth of water with ice and hold 30 seconds. If some tooth is reached - this is accurate infection, Urgently consult a dentist.

Infectious diseases of teeth and gums in patients with diabetes are very common. They need to be treated as quickly as possible because they interfere with support sugar normally. For your information, dentistry in the CIS countries is considered better in terms of price / quality ratio than in all of Europe. Because it is not too regulated by the state. Let's hope that this state of things will continue further. Starts "dental tourism" to us from Britain and the United States. In such a situation, we are with you to local residents - the more ashamed to walk with sick teeth.

Hidden inflammation and how to eliminate it

Type 2 diabetes consists of 2 metabolic disorders:

• Insulin resistance - reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin
• Insulin production with pancreatic iron in an amount is insufficient to overcome insulin resistance.

List 5 reasons that cause insulin resistance. It is heredity (genetic causes), dehydration, infectious diseases, obesity, as well as high blood sugar. Now we will refine. Infectious diseases and obesity cause insulin resistance not directly, but because they provoke inflammation. Hidden or explicit inflammation, in turn, increases insulin resistance.

Inflammation is the response of the immune system to the invasion of alien proteins, in particular, microorganisms. Suppose a man was injured and an infection fell into the wound. The immune system Trying to destroy microbes, directing their "fighters" against them. Side effects This battle is that the wound swells, hurts, blushes, becomes hot to the touch, it stands out of it. All this is inflammation.

Important causes of hidden inflammation, except infections:

• Abdominal obesity (on the stomach and around the waist) - fat cells highlights substances into the blood that provoke hidden inflammatory reactions.
• Autoimmune diseases, for example, red lupus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis other.
• Gluten intolerance. This is a protein that is contained in cereals, especially in wheat, rye, oats and barley. Heavy genetic gluten intolerance is a serious illness called celiac disease. At the same time, 70-80% of people have gluten intolerance in easy form. It causes chronic hidden inflammation and through it - insulin resistance.

Chronic inflammation is a serious problem that domestic doctors practically do not pay attention. Nevertheless, hidden inflammatory reactions can "figure out" the organism for years. They strengthen insulin resistance, and also damage blood vessels From the inside, causing atherosclerosis, and then the heart attack and stroke.

Pay on the fight against inflammatory responses serious attention! Not so serious how maintaining steadily low sugar In the blood, but still significant. What should be done:

1. Test blood tests on inflammation markers. First of all, it is a C-reactive protein (not to be confused with a s-peptide!) And fibrinogen.
2. Decide your teeth problems. Sick teeth are a focus of a chronic infection that increases insulin resistance, and also slowly destroys blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
3. Important! Find on the Internet and examine the symptoms of gluten intolerance. If you have these symptoms, then try combining a low-carbohydrate diet with a gluten-free. Evaluate changes in their own well-being after 6 weeks. If it became better, then continue to eat and further.
4. The level of chronic inflammation in the body lower the following additives: alpha lipoic acid, green tea extract, as well as sources of fatty acids omega-3 - fish oil, flaxseed oil, evening primrose oil. Read also, what additives need to be taken from hypertension and with heart problems.

Stress, rage, anger

Situations that cause stress or rage periodically happen to all of us. Some of their examples:

• public speaking;
• exams passage;
• call to the carpet to the boss;
• visit a dentist;
• a visit to the doctor from which you expect bad news.

A sharp release of stress hormones causes, besides all the rest, increasing blood sugar. However, all people have a different reaction. The same event may be pretty, and the other patient with diabetes will not hook at all. Accordingly, he does not rise sugar. Conclusion: you need to track situations that are repeated regularly, and your sugar takes off in them because of stress. What reasons do you regularly cause sugar jumps? If you determine them, you can predict in advance and plan your reaction. The troubles that can be predicted in your power and prevent.

Most stressful situations occur spontaneously. But some of them probably happen to you regularly. In such cases, you know in advance that the event will happen and when it happens. Make an injection of a small dose of high-speed insulin in 1-2 hours before the alleged event. This compensates for the action of stress hormones. At the same time, it is necessary to measure sugar with a glucometer once every 30-60 minutes to make sure that they did not cease to the insulin dosage. Suppose you need 1-2 units of fast insulin for prevention before the stressful situation. If you do not make a preventive injection in advance, then it will be necessary to prick 4-6 units to extinguish sugar when he has already jumped. And most likely, you are not separated by one way, and you will need to do two injections at an interval of 4-5 hours. Prevention is much easier and more correct than to shoot off sugar when he has already risen.

Many diabetes patients have a habit of accusing chronic stress that they do not work normally control blood sugar. This is false and dangerous point of view. It allows you to take responsibility for compliance with the regime with a lazy patient, shifting it to "insurmountable" circumstances. Unfortunately, in such a situation, the complications of diabetes are developing rapidly, and they are not interested in excuses.

For many years, watching your patients and over the course of its own diabetes. During this time, he came to the conclusion that chronic stress does not directly affect blood sugar. Unless if the patient uses it as an excuse to lean from compliance with the mode. Most often, this is manifested in the fact that diabetics allows itself to overeat or eat "prohibited" products with a high content of carbohydrates.

We all come from time to time through periods of failures and chagrins. Their extensive list includes: problem marriages, divorce, dismissal or loss of business, slow fussing of a loved one because of the incurable disease, etc. Such periods can continue for a long time, and it seems that you have completely lost control over your life. In fact, there is always at least one thing that you can accurately control. This is your blood sugar.

Many diabetics note that they jump sugar in the blood due to short episodes of acute stress. Classic examples of such situations are difficult examinations in an educational institution, as well as public speeches. Dr. Bernstein notes that his blood sugar jumps at 4.0-5.5 mmol / l every time he has to give an interview to television journalists. Therefore, such situations have to enter an additional "short" insulin.

The general rule is. If the episode is sharp enough to cause epinephrine emissions (adrenaline), then it is likely that it will also cause blood sugar jump. Epinephrine is one of the stress hormones that provoke the liver to turn their glycogen in glucose reserves. This is part of the human instinctive reaction "Fight or run." The body is trying to provide additional energy to cope with the threatening situation. Epinephrine's elevated level is usually manifested in the taught pulse and trembling hands. In patients with diabetes type 2 on initial stagewhich produce enough or even too much insulin, sharp stress is unlikely to cause blood sugar jump.

If the blood sugar remains elevated for several days in a row, and even more so, weeks, then it is not necessary to write it off on chronic stress or a survived acute episode. Look for a more believable reason and eliminate it.

Caffeine

Caffeine is a stimulator that increases blood sugar about 1 hour after use. It makes the liver split more glycogen and throw glucose into blood. On some people, caffeine acts stronger than others. Perhaps it is one of the reasons for inexplicable sugar jumps that you have.

Products that contain significant caffeine doses

It is assumed that you follow, so do not drink the usual cola, do not eat chocolate, etc.

Recommended by experiments on different days to determine how caffeine acts on your blood sugar. If it turns out to be significantly affected, then it is necessary to use it less or slightly increase insulin dosages. The use of caffeine products complicates compliance with a low-carbohydrate diet. Therefore, it is wiser from them to refrain. It is recommended to leave in your diet only green tea 1-3 cups per day. Please note that with diabetes type 2 it is unwanted to use any sugar substitutes and products that contain them. This is a hint of a dietary cola.