Reimbursement of lost earnings due to industrial injury. Decreased performance. Causes and signs of physiological and pathological decrease in working capacity How to establish the percentage of loss of professional working capacity
An industrial accident or an acquired disease can have negative consequences for human well-being. In particular, the result may be disability and the inability in the future to perform work duties in part or in full. The type and degree of damage received are determined in accordance with the established norms during the passage of a specialized examination.
The essence of the concept of "work ability"
The ability to work of a citizen in a professional sense implies the ability of a person to fulfill the duties established by the instructions for a specific position held by him. A separate role is played by the quality and timeliness of the work done.
In situations where there is a violation of the functions of the body, which has arisen as a result of an accident or illness acquired in the process of activity, they speak of disability. This means that the citizen is no longer able to carry out the actions and responsibilities assigned to him.
Types of disability
Disability is classified according to various parameters. The main criteria are:
- the likelihood of recovery of health indicators and return to work in the future;
- the level of preservation of the ability to work;
- professional sphere.
According to these parameters, the loss of the opportunity to apply one's professional skills and, in general, to carry out any useful actions can be of several types.
The types of disability can be as follows:
- Temporary loss of opportunity to work. In this case, it is implied that the ability to apply labor skills has been lost until the moment when health is restored. This type is recorded without establishing disability.
- Permanent or persistent disability. In other words, the person can no longer work due to the lack of chances for complete cure, for example, with amputation of limbs. In this case, one is assigned. However, this can also be removed if there is an improvement in physical performance.
- Partial degree of preservation of the opportunity to engage professional activities... Here we mean the restrictions imposed on a person and do not allow to perform work in full or allow easier working conditions.
- Complete disability. When this status is fixed, a person can no longer and should not work, since from now on he should live according to a regime corresponding to his state of health.
- Restriction to work in a specific professional area. In other words, a citizen is prohibited from engaging in activities in any area due to inconsistencies in health indicators, for example, a ban has been imposed on working in a hot shop.
- General disability excludes engaging in any kind of work, both due to the unsatisfactory condition of the citizen, and in connection with the risk of illness of other people. For example, when it comes to a viral infection.
As already mentioned, the loss of the ability to work can be recorded both as a result of illness or injury at work, as well as in case of illness, the need to care for a bedridden patient, and for other reasons.
How the degree of disability is identified
The degree of loss of ability to work is determined by specialized commissions, most often, the ITU State Service ( medical and social expertise) or by medical and forensic staff.
The last case is due to the fact that going to court allows you to more accurately identify the type of restriction in the use of a citizen of his professional skills. This is especially true if the disability is persistent, that is, the person can no longer work and provide for himself.
A forensic medical examination is required in case of an industrial injury, a serious accident at the workplace, when it is necessary to assess the damage caused to human health. On the basis of which, in the future, the amount of compensation for damage will be calculated and the amount of additional payments will be determined.
The commission includes:
- therapist;
- ophthalmologist;
- surgeon;
- neuropathologist;
- traumatologist and others.
If we are talking about (medical labor commission), social security workers are included in the group of specialists. The members of the commission carefully and comprehensively study how impaired the functions of the body are, assess the real capabilities of a person to perform this or that work.
The final identification of the degree of loss occurs by calculating the damage caused to health, as a percentage of the conditional criterion of the general ability to work. In order to obtain the most accurate result, tables with fixed values are used.
Percentage indicators
According to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor, under No. 56, it is customary to use the following indicators to determine the degree of disability:
- with a complete loss of the opportunity to work in any professional direction, even in the presence of specially created conditions, a 100% loss of the ability to work is established;
- the ability to work in specialized conditions - 70-90%;
- the ability to engage in professional activities under normal conditions, but either with a decrease in qualifications, or with a decrease in the volume of work - 40-60%.
There is another, lighter measure of disability, ranging from 10 to 30 percent. In this case, a person can engage in the following activities:
- labor in unchanged production conditions with a slight decrease in qualifications;
- activities subject to a lightweight workload;
- fulfillment of duties when working conditions change, but at the same time with a decrease in wages.
In any case, each situation submitted to the commission is examined on an individual basis. Therefore, the indicated values should be taken conditionally, for familiarization. The final and exact decision, one way or another, remains with the experts.
Disability due to injury occupational disease without fail requires appropriate expertise in order to identify the degree of loss of the opportunity to work. Depending on the indicator obtained, the type of disability is determined and monetary payments are assigned.
In addition to state benefits, if a disability category has been assigned, a citizen can count on compensation for harm in court. The latter case concerns situations when an injury was received at work, and its consequences really caused serious damage to human health.
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Loss of working capacity is subdivided into temporary and permanent.
Temporary disability means a state of the body when the manifestations of the disease or the consequences of trauma, depriving the patient of the opportunity to perform professional work, are temporary in nature and can be eliminated under the influence of treatment. Thus, temporary disability is distinguished by a favorable clinical and work prognosis for the immediate period after the development of the disease.
Persistent disability is a condition when the manifestations of the disease and the disorders of the body's functions caused by it impede the performance of professional work and acquire a stable character, despite the treatment. This condition of the patient corresponds to the concept of "disability", it can be long-term or permanent.
Disability arises from a variety of mainly chronic diseases if they lead to a decrease in qualifications and wages working or completely depriving him of the opportunity to continue working. V varying degrees the ability to work may also decrease for a short period. Therefore, both temporary and permanent disability is subdivided into full and partial.
With a complete loss of ability to work, the patient temporarily or for a long time loses the ability to perform any kind of professional work.
Temporary partial disability is determined in cases where the patient cannot perform his usual work for some time, however, without harm to health, he can continue to work in favorable conditions with less workload. Examples of such conditions include the following:
A kolkhoz milkmaid, who had recently started to work on the farm for the first time, developed a mild extensor tendovaginitis of the left hand fingers during manual milking of cows. The patient was prescribed outpatient treatment, and in accordance with the conclusion of the VKK, she was transferred for a period of 2 weeks to another job as an accountant with the same remuneration. After the end of this period, due to her recovery, she was recommended to continue working on the livestock farm, but only with the use of mechanized milking.
A tractor driver of a state farm who periodically participated in the transportation and unloading of pesticides (in particular, organophosphorus), due to violation of sanitary rules, developed acute poisoning with a sharp inhibition of blood cholinesterase activity, manifested by an asthmatic state due to bronchospasm and increased bronchial secretion. For a period of monthly treatment in the inpatient department of the regional hospital and subsequent outpatient treatment for 15 days, the patient was recognized as temporarily completely incapacitated.
In the future, the practical recovery of the patient and, at the same time, the existing minor residual effects of the transferred intoxication (somewhat increased fatigue, short-term dizziness arising) gave the VKK reason to determine his temporary partial disability and to recommend light ancillary work in the repair shop for a period of 1 month. After this period, the subject's professional ability to work fully recovered and he was allowed to return to his previous labor activity as a tractor driver with a recommendation to exclude contact with pesticides.
Persistent partial disability is characterized by such a state of the patient's body when he needs to change his profession or reduce the volume of production activities, which entails a noticeable decrease in qualifications and wages. At the same time, the state of health forces the patient to stop his usual work, but allows him to continue working in lightweight jobs without harm, and often with health benefits. This partial enduring loss disability should be considered significant.
In contrast to it, there is also a slight persistent partial disability when the body develops pronounced long-term or completely irreversible pathological changes that do not interfere with the performance of the previous work. If necessary, working conditions can be slightly changed, in accordance with the conclusion of the VKK, without establishing a disability group.
For example, a worker of an integrated construction brigade on a collective farm, who previously performed mainly painting work (using solvents, varnishes, mineral oils and other irritating substances), was transferred to carpentry and roofing works out of contact with any substances that irritate the skin.
In the constant need to work and earn money, a person has to exhaust all his resources in order to manage to complete all assigned tasks. But the margin of safety is different for everyone, and sometimes the volume of working capacity ends, turning work activity into a real hell. In this case, it is necessary to urgently take on the restoration of their own strength, both physical and moral.
Reasons for decreased performance
1. Chronic diseases, in the symptomatology of which there is a suppression of the activity of the central nervous system... This manifests itself in drowsiness, increased laziness, clumsy behavior and absent-mindedness. A condition that is often called the period when everything falls out of hand. Along with this, it develops chronic fatigue- where they got up, there they fell asleep, which undoubtedly amounts to big problem for a person dependent on work activities.
2. On the contrary, an overexcited nervous system, depression, regular stress, which exhaust you and distract the activity of neurons to heal existing damage in the nerve fibers, while they should be responsible for your attentiveness, reaction and performance directly. Overexcitation can be caused by natural physiological features, or taking medications, excessive consumption of coffee and tea.
3. Overwork. Typically, this condition is based on overwork, not getting enough sleep, and inappropriate daily routine. Lack of vacation and the need to work on weekends accelerate the process of overwork. If you eliminate the factors that provoke fatigue in time or can significantly reduce them, then fatigue can be quickly eliminated.
4. Lack of sleep, sleep disturbances. This provokes malfunctions of the central nervous system, develops a state of irritability, depression, worsens overall health, and lowers immunity.
5. Psychological factor. It so happens that work is just annoying. You do not like what you are doing, you do not get satisfaction, neither aesthetic nor material, which creates a certain pressure on the psyche and reduces activity in the workplace. A situation arises, as you have to do everything "out of hand", as a result of which your efficiency decreases.
6. Incorrectly arranged work schedule. The incorrect selection of important and minor matters leads to the fact that you spend more time and effort than is actually necessary. This contributes to increased fatigue and overwork, and then a decrease in performance.
7. Large consumption of carbohydrates, in particular, sweets, sugar.
How to improve performance
To improve performance, it is necessary to adhere to a whole range of measures. It is not enough to eliminate only one of the reasons, since the reluctance or inability to work is usually caused by several factors at once, and not just one thing.
1. Treatment of existing diseases. If performance has dropped sharply and is accompanied by chronic fatigue, drowsiness, laziness, difficulty awakening and irritability, a tendency to depression and stress, then it is important to exclude a number of serious diseases that can develop in the endocrine and nervous system. It should be noted that this condition is also typical for oncological diseases. They may be accompanied by recurrent pain and a general decrease in immunity. Also pay special attention to existing chronic diseases.
2. An active life position. It's not enough to overcome yourself and get up to work in the morning. To cope with laziness, which goes hand in hand with reduced performance, you must force yourself to stand up - do something, but not lie down. This works on the principle of a reverse response - the neurons of the brain give a signal for action, but the action also helps the neurons to send the signals necessary for this!
3. If possible, change the type of activity, get another job or open your favorite business! Working activity should bring not only practical benefits, but also aesthetic pleasure, then fatigue can be defeated on a psychological level.
4. If your performance is reduced due to psychological factors, something prevents you from moving on, contact a psychologist, tell us about the problems that may hinder your active work and climbing the career ladder.
5. Go in for sports. Physical activity is an important part of an active life in all areas. Increased muscle tone, improved health, improved blood circulation and oxygen supply to the body help fight stress and more effectively cope with tasks.
6. Know when to stop! Workaholism is a trait that is only useful at specific points in your life. It is not suitable for regular use, as it leads to a gradual depletion of a person's nervous and physical reserves of strength, contributing to a decrease in performance. Use the weekend for your development and relaxation, plan your vacation, make it varied.
7. Get busy with time management! Plan your affairs and tasks as efficiently as possible. Numerous online time management tutorials, advice from businessmen who have to spend their time as actively as possible will help you make the right plan. This will help you prioritize your work correctly.
8. Adjust your diet in favor of more fiber and a complete rejection of all types of fast food! Reduce carbohydrate intake - excess carbohydrates suppress the central nervous system and negatively affect attention and response.
Prevention of decreased performance
1. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. No bad habits! Optimal water intake. A diet worthy of a healthy and confident person is more seasonal vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, macro and micronutrients. Indulge in seafood and skip very fatty, sugary foods and canned foods. Watch your cholesterol and blood sugar levels!
2. Lead an active lifestyle. In a healthy body, not only healthy mind but also a high level of efficiency!
3. Go on vacation regularly. Use it not for lying on the couch, but for development, physical and moral - travel, go hiking, communicate, play active team games, have fun, share the positive yourself. Take something new from each vacation that will motivate you for further work, which will be a symbolic confirmation that you are not working in vain.
4. The weekend should be for rest and relaxation, not for finishing work! If you are not doing something on the weekend, then you need to seriously reconsider your plans and priorities for completing certain tasks.
5. Always write down your plans, tasks, keep a notebook with annual, monthly and daily plans - this will help you not to get confused in a huge number of life tasks and needs, and therefore, to maintain mental balance and save a lot of physical strength. This will help to strengthen the position of working capacity. high level and make your work as efficient as possible!
6. Do not put everything on your shoulders - each person should have their own responsibilities, for which they should be responsible!
Zinaida Rublevskaya
for women's magazine website
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Decreased performance- this is a discrepancy between the results of the activity and the efforts that are spent on it, and the fatigue that this activity causes.
If a person really worked hard, then a temporary decrease in working capacity is natural and is due to the need for psychophysical recovery. Decrease in stamina and performance outside of stress is considered pathological; it can be determined by the action of a number of factors and internal processes:
2. Factors affecting the decline in performance
1. Systemic physiological factors:
- deterioration in the supply of oxygen to cells due to increased blood viscosity or capillary disorders;
- active formation of excessive amounts of free radicals in the muscles; weakened immunity;
- disturbances in the work of the nervous system due to psycho-emotional overload.
- infectious diseases acute and chronic course;
- somatic diseases.
2. External factors that reduce performance:
- lack of sleep;
- unbalanced diet;
- insufficient intake of vitamins;
- taking alcohol, nicotine or other toxic substances.
3. Stages of any work
It is normal to perform any work or physical exercise, intellectual and mechanical labor include several stages:
- Adaptation. The beginning of any activity occurs with a volitional effort, and in the first 20-30 minutes, efficiency increases as the body adapts to stress;
- Compensation. Long period of high performance. As fatigue progresses, maximum performance is maintained by volitional effort for up to two hours.
- Volatile compensation. Against the background of objective signs of fatigue, performance either decreases or returns to the maximum level. The duration of this period varies greatly and depends on the type of activity, the nature and intensity of the load;
- Decreased performance. Intense decline in stamina. Subjective feeling of extreme fatigue. Ineffectiveness of strong-willed support for continuing activities.
This scheme of inclusion in work and implementation of activities can be largely disrupted under the influence of external and internal factors. For many people, decreased performance is regular throughout the day (morning, evening, lunchtime). There are also seasonal fluctuations in performance.
If we consider the entire duration of a person's life as the period under study, then low performance in childhood and old age is natural, and the peak of performance falls on early and middle adulthood.
However, it has been noticed that many people, even in old age, in some types of activity retain their working capacity above the average level (intellectual or creative potential, long-term endurance when performing monotonous operations, the ability to concentrate).
An abnormal decrease in performance can be said in those cases when the following phenomenon repeats over a long period: the peak of activity does not provide the results that were usually observed under such loads, or their achievement requires a significantly greater investment of time and effort. It is imperative to pay attention to a long-term decrease in efficiency, because chronic increasing fatigue is a precursor symptom of a number of somatic and mental illness... So, for example, oncological diseases like an avalanche reduce performance and endurance, and severe clinical depression can manifest itself with complaints of lack of strength and internal energy.
Against the background of physical inactivity and a decrease in physical activity, a modern person is exposed to colossal psychoemotional and (especially) informational loads, for which he is not evolutionarily ready. Even in the absence of disease, varied diet and the desire to maintain physical fitness - there are frequent cases of decreased performance and vital tone in general. Chronic fatigue syndrome develops in a peculiar " vicious circle", Since the objective inability to perform (at the same level of productivity) functions familiar to a person entails a completely natural decrease in mood, self-esteem, motivation and, as a secondary consequence, a decline in working capacity.
4. Risk factors for the development of chronic fatigue syndrome
- a hypertrophied sense of responsibility, which does not allow even on weekends or on vacation to "disconnect" from work;
- disturbances in the cycle activity - relaxation, prolonged labor activity without days off and vacations;
- changes blood pressure, meteorological dependence;
- problems in personal life;
- chronic distress;
- neglect of a healthy mode of life; chaotic alternation of meals, sleep; the inability to devote at least some time to hobbies and hobbies, communication with loved ones;
- misunderstanding, loneliness, isolation;
- excessive immersion in the virtual world, the fading of interest in real life against the background of increasing dependence on remote communication and the media.
A variety of factors can cause a persistent decrease in performance, but in any case, you should not take it lightly. Regardless of whether the cause was physical illness or the external environment, changes in well-being such as apathy, lack of interest in work, decreased attention, loss of interest in favorite things and activities, physical weakness and rapid fatigability - signal the need to revise the lifestyle and making adjustments to the regime of work and rest, revising the system of values and priorities. If such a correction does not bring results, it is imperative to seek medical help.
Decreased performance is a condition that has many different causes. If you have such a symptom, you can think of it as pretty serious illness and about chronic fatigue syndrome, so in this case everything is strictly individual.
Why is this happening
First of all, the reasons are chronic diseases, which are based on damage to the central nervous system. There are symptoms such as drowsiness, laziness, clumsiness, absent-mindedness. At the same time, it seems that literally everything is falling out of hand.
At the same time, chronic fatigue begins to develop slowly. This adversely affects performance.
The second reason for the decrease in performance is stressful conditions, depression and other phenomena that suppress the work of the central nervous system. In addition to oppression, overexcitation, for example, strong emotions, also affects performance. This can also include taking certain medications, as well as excessive consumption of coffee or tea.
Third, not less common reason- overwork. More often than not, factors such as overwork, lack of sleep, and inappropriate daily routines play a role. And the lack of vacation and the need to work even on weekends only exacerbate the process. Therefore, it is important to timely identify and be sure to eliminate all these factors. Otherwise, overwork can further develop into chronic fatigue syndrome.
The fifth is the psychological factor. It so happens that work is very annoying, while a person does not receive satisfaction from his activity, and also does not receive financial satisfaction from it. In this case, the work is done somehow, which greatly affects the performance.
The fifth common reason is the wrong work schedule. This should also include incorrectly prioritized priorities when choosing primary and secondary tasks in terms of importance.
And finally, eating a lot of sugar and carbohydrates can cause decreased performance.
How to fix
To improve performance, there are some important rules to follow. The first thing to do is to visit a doctor and find out if there are any serious deviations in health, and these may be disorders from the endocrine, nervous and other systems. This condition is often inherent in cancer, so visiting an oncologist should also be mandatory. It is also necessary to try to transfer all existing chronic diseases to the stage of remission.
It is important not to sleep in the morning and wake up at the same time every day. This helps to activate the neurons that are responsible for performance. In this case, you can easily get rid of laziness. The most important thing is to force yourself to get out of bed.
If necessary, you can act more radically and change your unloved job or quit where there are unloved bosses. As a rule, this saves from a decrease in performance in most cases. After all, work should bring not only money, but also pleasure and self-satisfaction.
If a decrease in the desire to engage in a particular activity is associated with a psychological factor, then you should definitely contact a psychologist who will advise on how to act in a given situation. As a rule, such sessions almost always help to restore the joy of life.
Be sure to play sports and preferably in the fresh air. This is one of the best ways to fight depression. Also, know when to stop at work and try not to stay at the enterprise after the end of the working day.
And, of course, do not forget about time management, which can be incredibly useful, because not everyone can manage their time wisely.
With regard to preventive measures, it is recommended to keep healthy image life, regularly visit other countries on vacation, and on weekends you need to rest, and not finish the work that is left from the working week.
