Under workability means a combination of various features and characteristics of a person, with which it can perform certain types of work. Depending on the nature labor activity A set of these signs may differ for various professions.

In the case of partial or complete loss of working capacity, employee can rely certain payments and compensation. It is worth considering which the types of temporary disability allocate and which employees can count on this.

Personally understands the impossibility of the employee for one reason or another to carry out any work. These reasons may be associated with the disease, an accident, age, and similar factors.

Disability can be classified by various signs and criteria. The main one includes the following:

The possibility of further restoration of health

These may include such subspecies:

• temporary - in this case, the loss of labor skills and functions is temporary, and the occurring injury or disease implies further recovery;
• permanent - while the recovery of the health status of the employee seems impossible.

The degree of conservation of ability to work

• partial - assumes the presence of restrictions for a person when performing work when it is able to perform it only partially or in a lightweight form;
• full - in this case, a person is fully limited in the possibilities of its activities and cannot (and also should not) carry out any work because it needs to be observed in the special regime.

According to the type of work

• professional - at the same time, the limit for applies only to one specific scope of labor activity, which can be contraindicated in its conditions (for example, work in the hot shop);
• in this case, it is excluded for a person to perform any type of work, which may be due to both its personal unsatisfactory state and, and from him, the threat to the health of the surrounding people (for example, with viral or infectious disease).

In the process of labor activity, the employee and employer often face such a type of disability as temporary. This species is also divided into several subspecies that it is worth considering in more detail.

Types of temporary disability

Temporary disability west non-permanentTherefore, after the expiration of a certain period, the employee will already be able to begin its labor duties. Depending on the reasons for which it has come, its types are distinguished:

Disease

This reason is the most frequent foundation for making an employee's disability status.

In this case, an employee has a violation of functions and skills due to illness, which makes the performance of work impossible. In this case, labor functions may be lost both completely and partially, and after required treatment Restore.

Accident in production and in everyday life

Although accidents differ in nature and the cause of the occurrence, each of them is payable. However, the specific amount of the benefit and the number of days to be paid is somewhat different.

Pregnancy, abortion and childbirth

Subject to appeal to the medical institution, the company's employee has the right to a certain number of days both before and after delivery, as well as on the occasion of such an operation as an abortion. The number of days at the same time depends on the severity of childbirth.

Advertisement quarantine

In this case, it is understood as an employee's suspension due to:

• the presence of an infectious disease is due to which it cannot be in contact with other people (for example, tuberculosis);
• located in close proximity to the carriers of the disease that could be converted to him.

In this case, it may be overwhelmed if the sick will be removed from work or the employee himself will cure himself from his disease.

Removal from work

May occur for various reasons, for example:

• the absence of a special right of a special right to fulfill a certain type of work (for example, a driver's license);
• finding an employee in a state or toxic intoxication;
• receipt, etc.

Depending on the particular case, the employee can be admitted back to operation, so translated to another position and even dismissed.

The need to care for a sick family member or relative

Most often, the right to arise only in relation to minor children. However, it also applies to some adult relatives, subject to the presence of a serious illness and only for a limited period.

Direction for sanatorium-resort treatment

A document confirming disability in this case is a hospital sheet. It is issued according to the general rules and only if there are weighty grounds for this, which is confirmed by the direction for treatment from the doctor.

Adoption of adoptive children

In this case, the right to the hospital arises only on the condition that the age of the admission child is less than three months. The rules of liberation from work are the same as in the case of childbirth.

Rehabilitation after various medical procedures

The duration of the hospital at the same time is established by the doctor attending a doctor.

Prosthetics

The periodization period from work in this case consists of time that is necessary for conducting procedures and travel there and back to the medical facility.

In most of the listed cases, the employee relies payments to the period of temporary disability, which is the responsibility of the employer. The amount and terms of payment depends on the set of different conditions.

Persistent disability and its types

A separate view of disability is persistent, the feature of which is that it can wear both permanent and temporary character, as well as to be complete, and partial. Another name for disability - disability.

In addition to individual features of health, disability is carrying certain legal consequences for the employee:

• partial restriction or complete refusal to work;
• the right to receive additional education in order to master the new profession, which is suitable for health;
• the right to receive monetary support in the form of benefits and pensions;
• availability of certain benefits in employment and dismissal, etc.

May be worn both temporary and constant character. In the first case, after certain procedures, disability is allowed, in the second case it is impossible.

The establishment of disability is a special procedure, which is not carried out by a separate physician medical institution, but a specialized state body - Bureau (MCEC). In the course of its holding, a group of specialists solves the following questions regarding the patient:

• establishment of a group of disability;
• development of an individual rehabilitation program;
• definition necessary measures social protection;
• the possibility of directions for training taking into account medical testimony, etc.

This occurs by analyzing and evaluating some criteria characterizing the ability of a person to work, namely:

• communication skills;
• self-service ability;
• the ability to control their actions;
• ability to keep any employment;
• orientation and movement skills;
• training ability.

After establishing disability, regardless of its degree, the patient has a duty of a regular planned passage of the IEC procedure.

1. Federal Law of 24.11.1995 No. 181-FZ "On Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation" (as amended 2015)

2. Decision of the Government of the Russian Federation of 20.02.2006 No. 95 "On the procedure and conditions of recognition of persons with disabilities" (as amended 2016).

3. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia of January 31, 2007 No. 77 "On approval of the form of referral to the medical and social expertise by the Organization providing medical and preventive assistance" (as amended 2009).

4. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated December 25, 2006 No. 874 "On approval of the form of referral to the medical and social expertise issued by the authority carrying out pension provision, or a body of social protection" (as amended 2009).

5. A list of diseases, defects, irreversible morphological changes, violations of the functions of organs and systems of the body, in which a group of disability without specifying the period of re-examination (the category "Child-disabled" until a citizen of age is 18 years old) is established by citizens no later than 2 years after the primary recognition of disabled (establishment of a "child-disabled child" category). Annex to the "Rules of Facial Recognition by Disabled" (as amended by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.04.2008 No. 247).

6. Order of December 17, 2015 N 1024n "On the classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise citizens by federal government agencies of medical and social expertise" (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia from 07.07.2016 N 346n)

7. Clarifications of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 15, 2003 No. 1 "On the definition of disability by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise", approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 15, 2003 No. 17 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 29.04.2005 No. 317).

8. Order of July 31, 2015 N 528n on approval of the procedure for developing and implementing an individual program of rehabilitation or anticipation of a disabled person, an individual program of rehabilitation or having a disabled child issued by federal government agencies of medical and social expertise, and their forms (as amended 2016 d)

Didactic material

Recognition of persons with disabled person

I. General provisions

1. These Rules are determined in accordance with Federal law "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" The procedure and conditions for recognizing persons with disabilities. Recognition of the face (hereinafter - citizen) disabled person is carried out by federal government agencies of medical and social expertise: the Federal Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Bureau), the main bureaus of medical and social expertise (hereinafter - the main bureau), as well as the Bureau of Medical Social Expertise In cities and districts (hereinafter - the Bureau), which are branches of the main bureaus.

2. The recognition of a citizen with disabilities is carried out in conducting medical and social expertise on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state of the Citizen's body based on the analysis of its clinical and functional, social, professional, labor and psychological data using classifications and criteria approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

3. Medical and social expertise is carried out to establish the structure and degree of limiting the vital activity of a citizen (including the degree of limitation of the ability to work) and its rehabilitation potential.

4. Specialists of the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) are obliged to familiarize the citizen (his legal representative) with the procedure and conditions for the recognition of a citizen with disabilities, as well as to explain to citizens on issues related to the establishment of disability.

II. Conditions for recognition of a citizen with disabilities

5. The terms of recognition of a citizen with disabilities are:

a) violation of health with a resistant disorder of the functions of the body, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects;

b) restriction of vital activity (complete or partial loss by a citizen of the ability or opportunity to carry out self-service, independently move, orientate, communicate, control their behavior, to study or engage in labor activity);

c) the need for social protection measures, including rehabilitation.

6. The presence of one of these rules specified in paragraph 5 is not a basis sufficient to recognize a citizen with disabilities.

7. Depending on the degree of life limit, due to the resistant disorder of the body functions arising from diseases, the effects of injuries or defects, a citizen recognized as disabled I, II or III, a group of disability, and a citizen under the age of 18 - a category "Child -disabled".

8. When establishing a group of disability, a group of disability is simultaneously determined in accordance with the classifications and criteria provided for in paragraph 2 of these Rules, the degree of restriction of its ability to work (III, II or I, the degree of restriction) or a group of disability is established without limiting the ability to work.

9. The disability of the I Group is established for 2 years, II and III groups - for 1 year.

The degree of restriction of ability to work (the lack of limitation of ability to work) is established for the same time as a group of disability.

11. In case of recognition of a citizen with disabilities, the date of the disability is considered the day of receipt of a citizen of a citizen on conducting medical and social expertise.

12. Disability is established until the 1st day of the month following the month, which is scheduled for the next medical and social examination of a citizen (re-examination).

13. Citizens establishes a group of disability without indication of the period of re-examination, and citizens under the age of 18 are the category of "disabled child" until a citizen of age is 18 years old:

no later than 2 years after the primary recognition of disabled person (establishing a "child-disabled" category) a citizen of having diseases, defects, irreversible morphological changes, violation of the functions of organs and body systems on the list according to the application;

no later than 4 years after the initial recognition of a citizen with disabilities (establishing a "child-disabled" category) in case of identifying the impossibility of eliminating or decreasing, during the implementation of rehabilitation measures, the degree of limiting the vital activity of a citizen caused by persistent irreversible morphological changes, defects and violations of the functions of organs and systems of the body ( Except as specified in the Annex to this Regulation).

The establishment of a group of disability without specifying the period of re-examination (the category "Child-disabled" before the age of 18 years old) can be implemented in the primary recognition of a citizen with disabilities (establishing a "child-disabled child") on the grounds specified in the second and third paragraphs of this paragraph, In the absence of positive results of rehabilitation activities conducted by a citizen before its direction on the medical and social expertise. At the same time, it is necessary that in the direction of the medical and social expertise issued by a citizen by the organization providing him with medical and prophylactic assistance and sent it to medical and social expertise, or in medical documents in the event of a citizen's direction for medical and social expertise in accordance with paragraph 17 These Rules contained data on the absence of positive results of such rehabilitation activities.

Citizens who applied to the Bureau independently in accordance with paragraph 19 of these Rules, a disability group without an indication of the period of re-examination (the category of a "child-disabled child" until a citizen of age is 18 years old) can be established with the primary recognition of a citizen with disabilities (establish a "child-disabled child" In the absence of positive results assigned to him in accordance with the specified point of rehabilitation activities.

(p. 13 as amended. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.04.2008 N 247)

13.1. Citizens who have established a "child-disabled" category, at the age of 18, are subject to re-evidence in the manner established by these Rules. At the same time, the calculation of the deadlines provided for by paragraphs by the second and third paragraph 13 of these Rules is carried out from the date of the provision of a group of disability for the first time after reaching the age of 18.

(p. 13.1 introduced by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 07.04.2008 N 247)

14. In case of recognition of a citizen with disabilities as a reason for disability, a common disease, labor injury, a professional disease, disability from childhood, disability from childhood due to injuries (contusion, injury) associated with combat actions in the period of the Great Patriotic War, Military injury, a disease obtained during military service, disabilities associated with a catastrophe at the Chernobyl NPP, the consequences of radiation impacts and direct participation in the activities of special risk units, as well as other reasons established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

In the absence of documents confirming the fact of the vocational disease, labor injury, military injury or other circumstances provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, which caused disabilities, the general disease is indicated as the cause of disability. In this case, the citizen is assisted in obtaining these documents. When submitting relevant documents to the Bureau, the reason for disability changes from the date of submission of these documents without additional examination of the disabled person.

III. The order of the direction of a citizen

on medical and social expertise

15. A citizen is sent to the medical and social expertise by an organization providing medical and preventive assistance, regardless of its organizational and legal form, a body carrying out the pension provision, or by the social protection authority.

16. The organization providing medical and preventive assistance sends a citizen to medical and social expertise after the necessary diagnostic, medical and rehabilitation measures in the presence of data confirming the resistant violation of the functions of the body due to diseases, the effects of injuries or defects.

At the same time, in the direction of the medical and social expertise, the form of which is approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, indicate data on the state of the health of the citizen, reflecting the degree of violation of the functions of organs and systems, the state of the organism compensatory capabilities, as well as the results of the rehabilitation activities.

17. The authority that performs the pension provision, as well as the body of social protection of the population, is entitled to send a citizen to the medical and social expertise, having signs of limiting livelihoods and in need of social protection, if he has medical documentsconfirming the violations of the body functions due to diseases, the effects of injuries or defects.

The form of the appropriate direction on the medical and social expertise issued by the authority by pension provision, or the social protection authority is approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

18. Organizations providing medical and preventive assistance, authorities carrying out pension provision, as well as the social protection bodies of the population are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of information specified in the direction of medical and social expertise, in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

19. In the event that an organization providing medical and preventive assistance, a pension body or social protection authority refused to a citizen in the direction of medical and social expertise, it is a certificate, on the basis of which a citizen (his legal representative) has the right to apply to the bureau on their own.

The Bureau's specialists conduct an inspection of a citizen and, according to its results, make up a program of an additional examination of a citizen and holding rehabilitation activities, after the fulfillment of which there is a question of the presence of life restrictions.

IV. The procedure for conducting medical and social

examination of a citizen

20. Citizen's medical and social expertise is held at the place of residence (at the place of stay, at the place of finding a pension case, a disabled person who left for permanent residence outside the Russian Federation).

21. The Main Bureau of the Citizen's Medical and Social Examination is held in the event of an appeal of the Bureau's decision, as well as in the direction of the Bureau in cases requiring special types of surveys.

22. In the Federal Bureau, the Citizen's medical and social expertise is held in the event of the decision of the Main Bureau, as well as in the direction of the Main Bureau in cases requiring particularly complex special types of surveys.

23. Medical and social expertise can be held at home if a citizen cannot appear at the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) for health, which is confirmed by the conclusion of an organization that provides medical and preventive care, or in a hospital where a citizen is on treatment, or in absentia by decision of the relevant bureau.

24. Medical and social expertise is held at the request of a citizen (his legal representative).

The application is submitted to the Bureau in writing with the application of the Direction on the medical and social expertise issued by the Organization providing medical and preventive assistance (a body that implements the pension provision, the body of social protection of the population), and medical documents confirming the violation of health.

25. Medical and social expertise is conducted by the Office of the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) by examining a citizen, studying the documents submitted by them, the analysis of socio-domestic, professional labor, psychological and other citizen data.

26. When conducting medical and social expertise, a citizen is conducted.

27. In conducting a medical and social examination of a citizen at the invitation of the Head of the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau), representatives of state extrabudgetary funds, the Federal Service for Labor and Employment, as well as specialists of the relevant profile (hereinafter referred to as consultants).

28. The decision to recognize a citizen with disabilities or a refusal to recognize him with disabilities is made by a simple majority of votes of specialists who conducted medical and social expertise, based on the discussion of the results of its medical and social expertise.

The decision is announced by a citizen who has held medical and social expertise (his legal representative), in the presence of all specialists who conducted medical and social expertise, which, if necessary, give an explanation on him.

29. According to the results of the medical and social expertise, a citizen is drawn up with an act, which is signed by the head of the relevant Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) and specialists who have made a decision and then assures printing.

The conclusions of consultants involved in the medical and social expertise, a list of documents and basic information that served as the basis for the decision-making is recorded in the act of medical and social examination of a citizen or joined it.

The procedure for the compilation and form of an act of medical and social examination of a citizen is approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

The shelf life of a citizen's medical and social examination is 10 years.

30. When conducting a medical and social examination of a citizen at the General Bureau of the Act of Medical Social Expertise, a citizen with the application of all available documents is sent to the Main Bureau within 3 days from the day of the medical and social expertise in the Bureau.

When conducting a medical and social examination of a citizen in the Federal Bureau of the Act of Medical Social Expertise, a citizen with an application of all available documents is sent to the Federal Bureau of 3 days from the date of medical and social expertise in the main bureau.

31. In cases requiring special types of surveys of a citizen in order to establish the structure and degree of life limitation (including the degree of restriction of the ability to work), rehabilitation capacity, as well as obtaining other additional information, a program of an additional survey may be approved, which is approved by the head of the relevant Bureau (Main Bureau, federal bureau). This program is brought to the attention of a citizen passing by the medical and social expertise in the form available to it.

The additional examination program may provide for the necessary additional survey in a medical, rehabilitation organization, to obtain the conclusion of the Main Bureau or the Federal Bureau, the request for the necessary information, conducting the examination of the conditions and nature of professional activities, the social situation of the citizen and other events.

32. After receiving the data provided for by the Additional Survey Program, specialists of the relevant Bureau (Chief Bureau, the Federal Bureau) decide on the recognition of a citizen with disabilities or a refusal to recognize it with disabilities.

33. In case of a citizen's refusal (his legal representative) from an additional examination and providing the required documents, the decision to recognize a citizen with disabilities or refusal to recognize him with disabilities is made on the basis of available data, as appropriate entry in the act of medical and social expertise a citizen.

34. For a citizen recognized as disabled, specialists of the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau), conducted by medical and social expertise, is being developed individual program Rehabilitation, which is approved by the head of the relevant bureau.

35. Extract from the act of medical and social expertise a citizen recognized as disabled with disabilities is sent to the relevant Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) to the authority that makes its pension provision, within 3 days from the date of the decision to recognize the citizen with disabilities.

The procedure for compiling and form statements are approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Information about all cases of invalid recognition of military-ridicated or citizens are submitted by the Bureau (Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau) in the relevant military commissariats.

36. A citizen recognized as disabled is a certificate confirming the fact of the establishment of disability, indicating a group of disability and the degree of restriction of the ability to work or indicating a group of disabilities without limiting the ability to work, as well as an individual rehabilitation program.

The procedure for compiling and form of reference and the individual rehabilitation program are approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

A citizen who is not recognized as disabled, at his request, is issued a certificate of the results of medical and social expertise.

37. A citizen who has a document on temporary disability and a recognized disabled person, a disability group and the date of its establishment are affixed in the specified document.

V. The procedure for re-evaluating the disabled

38. Realization of the disabled person is carried out in the manner prescribed by sections I - IV of these Rules.

39. Realization of persons with disabilities I group is held 1 time in 2 years, persons with disabilities II and III groups - 1 time per year, and children with disabilities - 1 time during the period for which the child has a child-disabled category.

The re-examination of a citizen, the disability of which is established without the indication of the period of re-examination, may be carried out on his personal statement (the statement of his legal representative), or in the direction of an organization providing medical and preventive assistance, due to a change in the state of health, or when implementing the Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau Controls for decisions taken by the Bureau, the main bureau.

40. Revitalization of the disabled person can be carried out in advance, but not more than 2 months before the expiration of the established period of disability.

41. The re-registration of the disabled person of the previously established period is carried out on his personal statement (the statement of his legal representative), or in the direction of an organization providing medical and preventive assistance, due to a change in the state of health, or when implementing the Main Bureau, the Federal Device Control Bureau adopted Accordingly, the Bureau, the Main Bureau.

Vi. The procedure for appealing the decision of the Bureau,

main Bureau, Federal Bureau

42. A citizen (his legal representative) may appeal the decision of the Bureau to the Main Bureau within a month on the basis of a written statement submitted to the Bureau, which conducted medical and social expertise, or to the Main Bureau.

The Bureau, who conducted a citizen's medical and social expertise, within 3 days from the date of receipt of the application sends it with all the available documents to the Main Bureau.

43. The Main Bureau No later than 1 month from the date of receipt of the statement of a citizen conducts its medical and social expertise and on the basis of the results obtained makes an appropriate decision.

44. In case of appealing by a citizen's decision of the Main Bureau, the chief expert on medical and social expertise on the relevant subject of the Russian Federation with the consent of a citizen may entrust its medical and social expertise to another composition of the Main Bureau specialists.

45. The decision of the Main Bureau may be appealed within the month term to the Federal Bureau on the basis of a statement submitted by a citizen (his legal representative) to the Main Bureau, which conducted medical and social expertise or to the Federal Bureau.

The Federal Bureau no later than 1 month from the date of receipt of the statement of a citizen conducts its medical and social expertise and on the basis of the results obtained makes the appropriate decision.

46. \u200b\u200bDecisions of the Bureau, the Main Bureau, the Federal Bureau can be appealed to the court by a citizen (his legal representative) in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Examination rack disability

Resistant disability - Long-term or constant loss of ability to work or a significant disability caused by chronic disease (injury, anatomical defect), leading to a pronounced violation of the functions of the body. Depending on the degree of disability, disability is established by conducting medical and social expertise.

Medical and social expertise(ITU ) - Determination of the needs of an examined person in social protection measures on the basis of assessing the livelihoods caused by a resistant disorder of the body's function.

In Russia, a three-stage federal system has been created public institutions ITU, which includes the Federal Bureau of Medical Social Expertise, the Main Bureau of Medical Social Expertise, as well as the Bureau of Medicocial Expertise in Municipal Employments, which are branches of the main bureaus.

Citizens are sent to ITU, having persistent limitations of life and ability to work and need social protection, to conclusted the medical commission at:

An obvious unfavorable clinical and labor forecast regardless of the timing of temporary disability, but no later than 4 months from the date of its start;

A favorable clinical and labor forecast for temporary disability ongoing over 10 months (in some cases: states after injury and reconstructive operations, in the treatment of tuberculosis - over 12 months);

The need to change the program of professional rehabilitation by working disabled in case of deterioration of clinical and labor forecast, regardless of the group of disability and temporary disability.

A citizen is sent to the medical and social expertise by the Organization providing him to medical and preventive assistance (a body carrying out pension provision, social protection authority), after the necessary diagnostic, medical and rehabilitation measures in the presence of data confirming the resistant violation of the body conditions, due to diseases, The consequences of injuries or defects. At the same time, in the "direction to the medical and social expertise" (f. 088 / y-06), indicate data on the state of the health of the citizen, reflecting the degree of violation of the functions of organs and systems, the state of compensatory capabilities of the body, as well as the results of the rehabilitation activities.

In the event that the Organization providing therapeutic and precutic assistance refused to a citizen in the direction of ITU, it is certified by a certificate, on the basis of which he has the right to contact the Bureau on its own. Specialists of the Bureau conduct an examination of a citizen and, according to its results, make up a program of additional examination and rehabilitation activities, after the fulfillment of which there is a question about the presence of life restrictions

A citizen recognized as disabled is a certificate confirming the fact of the establishment of disability, indicating the disability group and the degree of limitation (or without limitation) of the ability to work, as well as the individual rehabilitation program.

A citizen who is not recognized as disabled, at his request, is issued a certificate of ITU results.

A citizen may appeal the decision of the Bureau, submitting a written application to higher authorities: to the Main Bureau or Federal ITU Bureau. Decisions taken at the ITU Bureau (three instances), a citizen can appeal in court in the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Disability

Disability indicators are an important medical and social indicator of public health. Disabled person (Lat. invalidus.- Weak, weak) It is considered to be a person who has a violation of health with a resistant disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the restriction of vital activity and the necessity of its social protection.

In 2013 In the Russian Federation, 13.2 million people with disabilities were registered, including 574.4 thousand children with disabilities. Every year, about 1.5 million people recognize disabled people.

The recognition of a person with disabilities is carried out on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the state of his health on the basis of the analysis of its clinical and functional, social and domestic, professional labor and psychological data, and only during medical and social expertise.

Depending on the degree of life limit,

conducted by a resistant disorder of the functions of the body that arose as a result of diseases, the effects of injuries or defects, a person recognized as disabled, establish I, II or III a group of disability, and a child under the age of 18 - a category "Child-disabled" category.

Criteria for determining disability

Criterion for determination I groupsdisability is social insufficiency, requiring social protection or assistance, due to a violation of health with a persistent significantly expressed disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a sharply expressed restriction of one of the categories of vital activity or a combination of them.

♦ Indications for the establishment of the I Group of Disability:

Inability to self-service or complete dependence on other persons;

Inability to independently movement and the need for permanent help of other persons;

Inability to orientation (disorientation);

Inability to communicate;

Inability to control your behavior.

Criterion for establishing Group IIdisability is social insufficiency requiring social protection or assistance, due to a violation of health with a persistent pronounced disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a pronounced restriction of one of the categories of vital activity or a combination.

Self-service ability with partial help of other persons and using auxiliary means;

Ability to independently moving using auxiliary means and (or) with the help of other persons;

Inability to work or the ability to carry out work in specially created conditions using auxiliary means and (or) a specially equipped workplace, with the help of other persons;

Inability to learning or ability to learn only in special educational institutions or special programs at home;

The ability of orientation in time and in space, requiring the help of other persons;

Ability to communicate using auxiliary means and (or) with the help of other persons;

The progressive reduction in criticism towards its behavior and the surrounding environment with the possibility of partial correction only with regular assistance of other persons.

Criterion for determination Group IIIdisability is social insufficiency requiring social protection or help, due to a violation of health with persistent slight or moderately pronounced disorders of the body functions, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the U1082 to a non-timber or a moderately pronounced restriction of one of the categories of life or their combination.

♦ Indications for establishing a group of disability:

Self-catering ability using aids;

Ability to independently movement with a longer time of time, fragmentation and reduction of distance;

Ability to learn in educational institutions of a general type while complying with the special mode of the educational process and (or) using special methods and learning regimes, with the help of other persons (except for training personnel);

The ability to independently orientation only in the usual situation subject to the use of aids;

The ability to communicate, characterized by a decrease in speed, reduce the amount of assimilation, obtaining and transmitting information.

When establishing a group of disability simultaneously determine the degree of restriction of its ability to work(III, II or I, the degree of restriction), or a disability group is established without limiting the ability to work.

When evaluating the degree of limitation of the ability to work, the ability to work under normal production conditions, in specially created conditions, or inability to work.

Depending on the circumstances of the offensive of disability during medical and social expertise determine the following reasons disability.

1. Disability due to the general diseaseit is the most frequent cause disability except for cases directly related to professional diseases, labor injury, military injury, etc.

2. Disability due to labor injuryit is established by citizens whose disability came due to damage to the health associated with an accident in production.

3. Disability due to a professional diseaseit is established to citizens whose disability has come due to sharp and chronic professional diseases.

4. Disability since childhood:the face under the age of 18, recognized as disabled, establishes the status of a disabled child; Upon reaching the age of 18 and older than these persons, "disability from childhood" is established.

5. Disability from former servicemenit is established for diseases and injuries associated with the fulfillment of military duties.

6. Disability due to radiation disastersit is established by citizens whose disability came due to the elimination of accidents at the Chernobyl NPP, on the "Mayak" and others.

A person recognized as disabled is a certificate confirming the fact of the establishment of disability, indicating a group of disabilities and the degree of restriction of the ability to work or indicating a group of disability without limiting the ability to work.

In order to dynamically monitor the state of health and the forecast for the development of compensatory and adaptive capabilities of persons with disabilities, they conduct their systematic re-evidence.

Persons with disabilities II and III groups are re-released annually, people with disabilities I group once every 2 years. Despite the fact that today, about 30% of people with disabilities have perpetual evidence of disability, such frequent passage of re-releases is often unreasonable and arouses complaints from patients, in connection with which since 2008 expanded indications for perpetual recognition of a person with disabilities. In accordance with the new rules, citizens establishes a group of disability without specifying the period of re-examination, and citizens under the age of 18 are the category of "disabled child" in the following cases:

No later than 2 years after the initial recognition of disabled person (the establishment of a "child-disabled" category) a citizen of having diseases, defects, irreversible morphological changes, violation of the functions of organs and systems of the body listed in the Special List approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation;

No later than 4 years after the primary recognition of a citizen with disabilities (establishing a "child-disabled" category), when the impossibility of eliminating or decreasing in the course of the implementation of rehabilitation measures, the degree of restriction of the life of a citizen, caused by persistent irreversible morphological changes, defects and violations of the functions of organs and systems of the body.

Establishing a group of disability without specifying the term

in the absence of positive results of rehabilitation activities carried out by the patient before its direction on medical and social expertise. It is necessary that data contained data on the absence of positive results of such rehabilitation activities.

Rehabilitation of disabled

For a citizen recognized as disabled, specialists of the Bureau, conducted by medical and social expertise, is being developed individual rehabilitation program (IPR),which is a list of rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring the abilities of the disabled person to household, public and professional activities in accordance with the structure of its needs, the circle of interest, the level of claims, accounting for the projected level of its somatic state, psychophysiological endurance, social status and the real opportunities of the social environment Infrastructure. In IPR, specify the form, forms of recommended rehabilitation activities, their

volume, deadlines and performers.

Rehabilitation of disabled- The process and system of medical, psychological, pedagogical, socio-economic activities aimed at eliminating or possibly more complete compensation for the restrictions of vital activity caused by health impairment with a resistant disorder of the body functions.

The following main types of disabled rehabilitation are allocated:

Medical rehabilitation - The type of rehabilitation aimed at restoring disturbed functions or to carry out various therapeutic and corrective activities that adapt the disabled person to life and socially useful activities.

Psychological rehabilitation- The type of rehabilitation aimed at developing an active life position and a positive labor plant in the disabled person, mainly at the expense of psychotherapy.

Professional rehabilitationincludes a set of activities for professional orientation, training and retraining, selection of the appropriate profession, ensuring the working conditions that meet the state of health, the adaptation of the workplace to the existing defect and others.

Social rehabilitation- The process of restoring the abilities of the individual to independent public and family-household activities. It includes socially environmental orientation and social adaptation. Social and environmental orientation is an individual selection of available types of public and family-household activities, and socio-household adaptation determines the optimal regimes of public and family-household activities in specific social environment and the adaptation to them with disabilities.

To register cases of disability at the Bureau of Medical and Social Examination, a form of 7-shapes is conducted. This form contains data on the number, as part of persons over 18 years old, for the first time recognized by disabled, the results of re-examining persons with disabilities for this year, as well as indicators of medical, professional and social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. Similar data on children's children under the age of 18 are contained in the form of 7-d (sobes).

Based on the development of statistical documents, the following main disability indicators of the population:

Primary disability;

Indicator of the structure of the primary disability (by groups of disability);

Indicator of full medical and professional rehabilitation of persons with disabilities;

The total indicator of partial medical and professional rehabilitation of persons with disabilities.

Indicator primary disabilitycharacterizes

prevalence among persons working age cases of disabilities

sTIs installed for the first time in this year. The indicator is calculated by the formula:

*Note: The indicator can be calculated in separate age-sex groups, disease classes, nosological forms.

In the structure of the primary disability of the adult population 1st place occupy diseases of the circulatory system (51%), 2nd - malignant neoplasms (13%), 3rd disease bone-muscular system and connective tissue (eight%). These reasons make up more than 70% in the structure of all causes of the primary disability of the population.

The indicator of the structure of the primary disability (by groups of invalidity)characterizes the distribution of the primary disability in groups. The indicator is calculated by the formula:

In the structure of the primary disability of the population of the Russian Federation in 2013, the share of persons with disabilities I accounted for 9.4%, group II - 54.7%, group III - 35.9%.

Resistant disability is a long-term or constant disability or a significant disability limitation caused by chronic disease (injury, an anatomical defect) with a significant impairment of the body functions. Depending on the degree of disability, disability is established.

Under disabilities (lat. Invalidus - weak, weak) understand the persistent, long disability. The concept of "disability" has medical, legal and social aspects.

According to WHO, not less than 25% of the total population can be attributed to the category of patients, people with disabilities are 10% of the total population of the globe. In England, this figure is 8%, in the US - 10%, in Canada - 20%. The concept of "disability" in its development has passed a long way from the absolutization of biological factors of its formation, when the focus was on anatomophysiological violations, to the "social environment" systematization based on the transfer of attention to the relationship between human and society.

The influence of socio-economic conditions for disability is higher in those territories where less average wage, Small cash incomes per capita, a high proportion of workers engaged in manual labor working in harmful working conditions, where unsatisfactory living conditions (housing provision) and life, poor resting conditions. The level and quality of therapeutic and prophylactic assistance is disability higher in those territories where there is less security of LPU beds, low staffedness of medical personnel, low coverage of patient dispensarization, poor equipment with diagnostic equipment. The activities of the State Service ITU more often disability acts as a reason, and the ITU Bureau Indicators are as a result. At the same time, the disability is lower in those territories where treatment is more often extended.

The environmental situation and working conditions according to WHO, the state of the environment introduces a 25 -30% "contribution" to the health of each person. Over the past 10 years in Russia, there has been a constant deterioration of the state of the environment, working conditions, the living standards of the population and its health. More than 75% of production wastes have one or another degree of toxicity for the environment and human health. About 47% of total emissions taken into account harmful substances Makes vehicles. This becomes one of the main reasons for the development of sharp and chronic diseases respiratory tract. Chronic forms ECCOUNTED PATHOLOGY In children over time, the occurrence of IRCs, IBS, early form atherosclerosis, chronic nonspecific lung diseases, etc. The proportion of enterprises with unsatisfactory working conditions has reached 45%, with extremely unsatisfactory - 42%.

A distinctive feature Professional diseases are high degree Disability (more than 50%) and long-term stay on disability (10-20 years or more), while overall working capacity is often preserved, while the only criterion for the establishment of disability is the impossibility of continuing work in contact with vague. This is evidenced high level Disabled groups of group III among patients (more than 80%), whereas among all the disabled it does not exceed 30%. The disability is higher in those territories where there are more discharge of polluted wastewater, emissions of solid and gaseous substances into the atmosphere where much is made mineral fertilizerwhere the capital investments on environmental protection and working conditions. Wars and armed conflicts, natural and man-made disasters, road accidents have a significant impact on the state of disability.

A disabled person - a person who has a violation of health with a resistant disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the restriction of life and the necessity of its social protection (FZ "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" No. 181 -fz from 24. 11 . 1995)

The classification of violations of the basic functions of the human body (Order of the Ministry of Health and the Code of the Russian Federation No. 535 of 22. 08. 2005) - disorders of mental functions (perception, attention, memory, thinking, intelligence, emotions, will, consciousness, behavior, psychomotor functions); - violations of linguistic and speech functions (violations of oral (rinolalia, dysarthria, stuttering, alaria, aphasia) and written (disgrave, dyslexia), verbal and non-verbal speech, violation of voice formation, etc.); - disorders of sensory functions (vision, hearing, smell, tanging, tactile, pain, temperature and other types of sensitivity); - disorders of statitional functions (motor functions of the head, torso, limbs, static, coordination of movements); - disorders of blood circulation, respiration, digestion, isolation, blood formation, metabolism and energy, internal secretion, immunity; - Violations caused by physical ugliness (deformities of the face, head, torso, limbs leading to external deformations, abnormal openings of digestive, urinary, respiratory tracts, body size).

Classification of violations of the body functions according to severity: 1 degree - minor violations of functions; 2 degree - moderate disorders of functions; 3 degree - pronounced violations of functions; 4 Degree - significantly pronounced violations of functions. Resistant disorder of the body's function is considered if it cannot be restored during a period of temporary disability.

Temporary disability is limited to 10 months, and in some cases - 12 months. (injuries, states after reconstructive operations, tuberculosis). Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 514 of 01. 08. 2007 "On the procedure for issuing medical institutions of disability"

Recommendations for the heads of medical and prophylactic institutions and doctoring doctors, specialists of the executive bodies of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation "The estimated time limits of temporary disability for the most common diseases and injuries" (in accordance with the ICD-10) (utensils. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Social Insurance Fund Of the Russian Federation dated August 21, 2000 N 2510/9362 -34, 02 -08/10 -1977 P) Approximate terms of temporary disability are a recommendatory nature. However, a significant increase in or reducing the approximate time of temporary disability (by 30 or more percent) should serve as a reason for the examination of temporary disability by the head of the department, the medical commission (VC) with the assessment of volumes, quality and efficiency. medical care, applying modern medical technologies, timeliness of attraction to the medical process of other specialists or medical institutions In order to identify objective or subjective factors and adequate measures.

The direction of patients on the IECE (medical and social expert commission) is carried out by medical institutions. For the passage of the IECE, 3 documents are presented: the messenger sheet, passport and disability sheet.

Direction to the medical and social expertise (f. 088 / U-06), in use of the called "Messenger Sheet", is issued to a citizen (his legal representative) or an organization providing medical infiltrate assistance (any legal form), or by the pension authority Provision (department of the Department of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation), or the social protection authority (the Office of Social Protection of the Municipal Education Population).

This direction (f. 088 / U-06) is filled in the clinic at the place of residence of a citizen after the necessary diagnostic, medical and rehabilitation measures in the presence of data confirming the resistant violation of the functions of the body of a citizen, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects.

The Medical and Social Expert Commission is an authority exerting the examination with a long and constant (resistant) disability. MCEC is an important stage in the system of medical and social rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, predetermines the paths and forms of involvement of persons with disabilities into socially useful work.

The main functions of MCEC in accordance with the Model Regulations are: 1. Determination of the state of disability, constant (resistant) or long loss; 2. Establishment of a group of disability for the first time or during re-informing; 3. Determination of the cause of disability resistivity; 4. Determining the time of the actual occurrence of disabilities; 5. Establishing the degree of disability due to industrial accident (in%);

6. The definition for disabled conditions and types of labor, works and professions available to them for health states, as well as conditions and methods with which disturbed disability can be restored or improved; 7. Direction for retraining; 8. Checking the correctness of the use of persons with disabilities at work in accordance with the conclusions of the Commission; 9. Facilitating the health promotion, disability prevention (validation of trolics during temporary disability 10 (12) months in a year, participation in preventive programs); 10. Studying with health authorities, enterprises, institutions, organizations and trade union bodies causes disability in case of disability and participation in the development of disability prevention activities and disability.

Documents at a raft loss of ability to work are: 1. Act of examination at MSEK 2. Statistical coupon 3. Conclusion for a medical institutional institution 4. Lime for the company 5. Extract to the social security department or to the social protection department. 6. Help on the decision of MCEC

The grounds for the Direction on IEC on the Medical and Social Examination are citizens who have signs of persistent restriction of life and disability and in need of social protection: with an obvious unfavorable clinical and labor forecast, regardless of time disability, but no later than 4 months from the date of its start. ; With a favorable clinical and labor forecast for temporary disability, ongoing over 10 months (in some cases: States after injury and reconstructive operations, in the treatment of tuberculosis - over 12 months); If it is necessary to change the professional rehabilitation program with working disabled in case of deterioration of clinical and labor forecast, regardless of the group of disability and temporary disability. Doctors and VC (medical commissions) in state, municipal and private health organizations are engaged in issues of temporary disability of citizens in state, municipal and private health organizations, if there are relevant documents (licenses).

Classification of the main categories of life (Order of the Ministry of Health and CP of the Russian Federation No. 535 of 22. 08. 2005) 1. The ability to self-service - the ability of a person to independently carry out basic physiological needs, perform daily household activities, including personal hygiene skills. 2. The ability to independently move - the ability to move independently in space, maintain the balance of the body when moving, alone and change the body position, use public transport. 3. The ability to learn is the ability to perceive, memorizing, learning and reproducing knowledge (general education, professional, etc.), mastering skills and skills (professional, social, cultural, domestic).

4. The ability to work the ability to carry out labor activities in accordance with the requirements for content, volume, quality and conditions of work. 5. The ability to orientation is the ability to adequately perceive the environment, assessing the situation, the ability to define the time and location. 6. The ability to communicate is the ability to establish contacts between people by perception, processing and transmitting information. 7. The ability to control their behavior to the ability to realize itself and adequate behavior, taking into account the socio-legal and moral societies.

Classification according to the severity of restrictions of life categories I. Restriction of self-service (independent movement, orientation, communication, control over their behavior): 1 degree - self-service capacity with longer time, fragmentation of its execution, reduction of volume, using if necessary technical means; 2 degree - self-catering ability with regular partial help of other persons using, if necessary, auxiliary technical means; 3 degree - inability to self-service, the need of permanent assistance and complete dependence on other persons; II. Restriction of learning ability: 1 degree - learning ability, as well as to obtain education a certain level within the framework of state educational standards in educational institutions general purpose using special teaching methods, special training regimen, with use of auxiliary technical means and technologies if necessary; 2 degree - learning ability only in special (correctional) educational institutions for students, pupils with limited features health or home on special programs using if necessary auxiliary technical means and technologies; 3 degree - inability to learn;

Restriction of the ability to work with the criterion of establishing 1 degree of restriction of the ability to work to work with a persistent moderately pronounced disorder of the body functions due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a decrease in the qualifications, volume, severity and tension of work, the impossibility of continuing The main profession with the possibility of performing other types of work of lower qualifications under normal working conditions in the following cases: when performing work under normal working conditions under the main profession with a decrease in production activities for at least 2 times, a decrease in labor gravity by no less than two classes ; When transferring to another work of lower qualifications under normal working conditions due to the inability to continue to work on the main profession.

The criterion for establishing 2 degrees of restriction of the ability to work is a violation of health with a persistent pronounced disorder of the body's functions, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, in which work is possible to carry out work activities in specially created working conditions, using auxiliary technical means and (or) Use other persons. The criterion for establishing 3 degrees of restriction of ability to work is a violation of health with a persistent significantly expressed disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a complete inability to work activities, including in specially created conditions, or contraindicateness of work.

The criteria for establishing the first group of disability criterion to determine the first group of disability is a violation of human health with a persistent significantly expressed disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to a limitation of one of the following categories of life or a combination and the necessity of its social protection self-service III degree; ability to move the III degree; ability to orientation of the III degree; ability to communicate III degree; The ability to control their behavior of the III degree.

Criteria for establishing a second group of disability criterion to establish a second group of disability is a violation of human health with a persistent pronounced disorder of the body functions, due to diseases, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the limitation of one of the following categories of livelihoods or their combination and the necessity of its social protection: the ability to self-service II degree; ability to move the II degree; ability to orientation of the II degree; ability to communicate II degree; ability to control their behavior of II degree; learning abilities III, II degrees; Ability to work activities III, II degrees.

The criteria for establishing the third group of disability criterion for determining the third group of disability is a violation of human health with a persistent moderately pronounced disorder of the body functions due to diseases, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to the restriction of the ability to work the I degree I or the restriction of the following livelihood categories in their various combinations and Caused by its social protection: the ability to self-service I degree; ability to move the I degree; ability to orientation of the I degree; ability to communicate I degree; ability to control their behavior of I degree; Ability to teach I degree.

Criteria for establishing a child-disabled child category "Child-disabled" category in the presence of restrictions of vital activity of any category and any of three degrees of severity (which are estimated in accordance with age norm), causing the need for social protection.

The deadlines for the establishment of disability groups Category "Child-disabled" is set for 1 year, 2 years and until the child has been achieved by the 18-year-old age; I a group of disability is set for 2 years; II and III a group of disability is set for 1 year; The degree of restriction of ability to work (the lack of limitation of ability to work) is established for the same time as a group of disability. In the event that the causal relationship of disability is established with the implementation of work on the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, the re-examination is made 1 time in 5 years, regardless of the group of disability (indication of the MSO RSFSR No. 1 -76 -U from 11. 09. 92); Without an indication of the period of re-examination, disability is established in these persons when reached the redundant age retirement (men - 50 years old, women are 45 years old). In the event of a citizen of a disabled person of disability, the day of receipt of a citizen on the conduct of medical and social expertise is considered to be received. Disability is established up to the 1st day of the month following the month, which is scheduled to hold another medical special examination of a citizen (re-examination).

The establishment of a group of disability is indefinite (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 247 of 07. 04. 2008) no later than 2 years after the initial recognition of disabled person (establishing a "child-disabled" category) a citizen, having diseases, defects, irreversible morphological changes, violations of organs of organs and the body systems on the list according to the application; No later than 4 years after the initial recognition of a citizen with disabilities (establishing a "child-disabled" category) in case of identifying the impossibility of eliminating or decreasing, during the implementation of rehabilitation measures, the degree of limiting the vital activity of a citizen caused by persistent irreversible morphological changes, defects and violations of the functions of organs and systems of the body ( Except as specified in the Appendix).

The dynamics of the first established disability of the children's population of the Russian Federation in different age groups of 1996-2007.

The decoration of the person's sick leave, directed to the examination of the ITU institution and having disability sheets should be examined as a priority (letter of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 6070 -Ao from 09. 1999). When directed to ITU, the corresponding dates in the lines are indicated in the sheet of disability: "sent to the ITU Bureau", "Registration of documents at the ITU Bureau", "was examined at the ITU Bureau". In the Row "Conclusion of the ITU Bureau", an entry is made on the results of the survey and the signature of the ITU Bureau leader is set. In the "Starting" row, recording is made: "The degree of restriction of the ability to work is established" and the date of registration of documents at the ITU Bureau is specified. If the degree of restriction of the ability to work the ITU bureau is not established, the period of examination of one line is indicated in the graphs: "From what date" and "for what number inclusive" Table "Exemption from work".

When establishing disability with the degree of restriction of the ability to work on labor activity, the time of temporary disability is completed by the date directly preceding the day of registration of documents in the ITU facilitation. Temporarily disabled persons who have not been established by disability, including the determination of the degree of restriction of labor activities, a disability sheet may be issued to solving a medical commission before disability for a period of no more than 4 months after the date of registration of documents in the ITU facilities, with the frequency of issuance A sheet of disability by decision of the medical commission is no less often than 30 days later, or re-directions on ITU. If a citizen refuses to referrals to ITU or its late appearance on ITU in a disrespectful reason, a disability sheet is not extended from the date of refusal to send documents to ITU or the day of registration of documents in the ITU facilities, information about it is indicated in a disability sheet and in a medical card outpatient (stationary) patient.

Primary disability prevention - a system of state measures aimed at reducing morbidity and injuries, improving working conditions, an environmental situation; Secondary - early diagnosis and adequate treatment, prevention of the development of complications and consequences. This can be achieved by the distance of the disability occurrence or the establishment of disability less severe group; Tertiary - prevention of weighting disability.