Diabetes - The disease in which insulin synthesis is broken. Insulin is called a hormone, which is involved in the process of converting sugar in glucose. If the pancreas produces an insufficient amount of insulin, sugar begins to accumulate in the blood, and diabetes develops. In some cases, its own hormone is not allocated at all - then the patient has to introduce artificial insulin to the form of injections.

Most often, women suffer from the disease. Provoking factors can be overweight, strong emotional shocks, reception hormonal drugs. The risk of developing diabetes by 50% increases after 40 years, when menopause comes, and a change in the hormonal background occurs. The cunning of the disease is that it does not show himself almost in any way, and to discover pathology can be accidentally when the planned survey is passed. That is why it is important to know which symptoms and signs may indicate diabetes (especially if someone suffers from this disease in the family).

In most cases, diabetes in women does not exhibit. Increased fatigue, sharp mood swings and periodic headaches The woman explains large loads at work or fatigue from everyday trouble. Chances of discovering the disease at the initial stage are higher in women who work in production requiring the passage of the annual medical examination (Russian Railways employees, catering staff, educators). The introduction of planned closerization also has a positive effect on the early diagnosis of dangerous diseases, so it is not worth refusing to pass the commission.

For the development of diabetes, women over 40 are influenced by several factors associated with physiological changes occurring in the women's body at this age. These include:

• change of hormonal background and status during menopause;
• violations in work thyroid glandarising from a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones;
• slowing of metabolic processes in the body (including synthesis and glucose metabolism).

The main way to control the possible presence of diabetes after 40 years is a regular biochemical study of blood. According to the results of the analysis, it is possible to determine the level of sugar, and if it is increased, send a patient for additional surveys to help clarify the diagnosis.

Sugar rate in women after 40 years

For research can be used venous or capillary blood. On sale now there is a large selection of glucometers designed to measure sugar at home. Specialists advise using this device to control sugar after diagnosis in the framework of therapeutic or maintenance therapy. For primary diagnosis It is better to get a laboratory study that allows you to get more accurate results.

In order for the analysis to show reliable results, it is important to prepare correctly. For this you need:

• do not eat and not drink within 8 hours before analysis (it is better to withstand the interval at 12 o'clock);
• during the day before research, exclude products from the menu, lowering sugar (cherry, apricots, spinach), alcohol and fried / acute food;
• do not clean your teeth and not use chewing elastic bands;
• do not smoke;
• do not take vitamins and other synthetic additives.

If the patient takes medicine, it should be warned about this laboratory assistant, which will make a special mark. Doctor accounting possible reactions When evaluating the results of the study.

Sugar indicators in women after 40 years may look like this:

It is necessary to donate blood on sugar every six months. This is important for early diagnosis and timely start of treatment. If a woman ignores these recommendations, it needs to be particularly attentive and when any signs indicating the possible development of diabetes mellitus, immediately contact the doctor.

How to recognize diabetes after 40 years?

Type 2 diabetes occupies 3rd place among diseases diagnosed in women older than 40-45 years (after the uterine and diseases of the mammary glands). The disease proceeds almost asymptomatic, but certain signs allowing to determine clinical picture diabetes, nevertheless exist. Most of these symptoms are characterized by other diseases, so they do not attach much importance. This explains the fact that a woman's doctor falls on the launched stages of the disease that flow against the background of complications.

Worsening vision

A woman can complain about reducing visual acuity, vague contours. Eyes quickly get tired, a feeling of burning and sensation of "sand in the eyes" appears. Against the background of diabetes, eye diseases are often developing: myopia or hyperopia, glaucoma, cataract. If a woman spends a lot of time at the computer, the symptoms are enhanced, and by the end of the day, the vision can appear fog before his eyes. The phenomenon is short-term and lasts no more than 1-2 minutes.

Permanent thirst

Violation of cell sensitivity to insulin may be accompanied by dry mucous membranes oral cavity. This is expressed in constant thirst, which does not pass even after a woman gets water or a compote. Against this background, fluid consumption increases. In some cases, the patient can drink up to 3-4 liters of beverages per day. Given that the kidneys in diabetes cannot function normally, such an abundant drinking mode leads to the formation of edema, which usually occurs on the limbs and surfaces of the person.

Increasing the fragility of bones

Violation of salt metabolism can lead to the development of initial forms of osteoporosis - a disease in which calcium salts are washed out of bone tissue. The bones become weak and fragile, easily break. If a woman, without visible reasons, often began to occur injuries, you need to consult a doctor. The earlier the diagnostics will be carried out, the greater the chances of successful treatment.

Skin itch

In diabetes mellitus, local and cellular immunity decreases, which increases the predisposition to bacterial and fungal infections. Most often skin covers and mucous membranes are affected. The most popular infection in women over 40 years old is the vaginal candidiasis (thrush). In patients with diabetes, the disease can recur by up to 4-6 times a year, while treatment each time becomes longer and requires the use of stronger preparations.

Often the fungus appear on the scalp, as well as under the breast. In this case, the skin is beginning to appear characteristic wet stains of red or brown, which have nasty smell And cause severe itch.

Increased weight

If a woman leads an active lifestyle, itifies correctly, but at the same time gaining weight, it is necessary to check the endocrinologist. An increase in body weight (most often rapid) is one of the main signs of diabetes of any type resulting from a violation of a hormonal background. There are cases that in just a few months the weight of the woman increased by 30-40 kg, so the consultation of a specialist when a weight gain without visible reasons for this reason.

Violation of the regenerative skin function

In diabetes, skin cover cannot be fully recovered, which leads to a long disturbance of the integrity of the dermis. Any cuts, abrasions and wounds are long delayed. The formation of crusts occurs slowly, the wounds can be bleed over several days, although normal should be delayed in 1-2 days. The use of special ointments and creams that improve skin regeneration gives a weak effect.

Starting urination at night

The patient begins to urinate while sleeping, with the day the number of urges to empty bladder Stored within the normal range. This is explained by the impaired of the kidney function and abundant fluid consumption typical for type 2 diabetes. The amount of urine released at night does not significantly increase and ranges from 100 to 230 ml. The color is usually light yellow, a minor turbidity and precipitation may be observed (this symptom depends on the state of the kidneys and the degree of violations in their functioning).

Ozzles and spots on the skin

This symptom is rarely found (approximately 17% of cases). Women can appear spots on the skin, externally resembling sections with increased pigmentation. They may have pink, bodily, burgundy and light brown. The surface of the spots can be covered with white scales. It is usually not observed itching. Size - from a few millimeters to 10-12 cm.

Sometimes ulcerative lesions appear on the site of such stains. Most often they are localized on the legs and hips, but in rare cases they can appear on the stomach and upper limbs.

Tingling and numbness

The feeling of tingling in the legs during diabetes occurs in each second case. Some women associate it with a lack of magnesium. In fact, with an insufficient admission of magnesium, numbness and convulsions appear mainly at night, and in diabetes they can occur at any time of the day, while such phenomena is up to 3-5 minutes (unlike night tingling).

If a woman did not have a menopacteric period, a menstrual cycle may be observed. Also frequent diabetes satellites are chronic fatigue, apathy, reduced performance and headaches. These phenomena are constant and not pass after the vitamin therapy and other measures.

After 50 years, the main symptoms of diabetes become a decrease in vision and itching in the field of genital organs. The patient often appear infectious diseases The urogenital system (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis), as well as purulent lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.

Important! Listed symptoms may occur single. Rarely all signs of the disease appear comprehensively, therefore, even one of them is a reason to appeal to the hospital and passing a comprehensive examination.

If diagnosed diabetes

If a woman has diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 2, it is important not to fall into despair. You can live with a disease, and live quite a long time and comfortable. To minimize the likelihood of complications and improve the quality of life, the woman should strictly fulfill all the appointments of the doctor. Systematic reception of sugar reduction drugs (" Sofor», « Glucophage."), And other drugs that are part of combined therapy and are selected individually, is a prerequisite for maintaining the normal work of the body and maintaining the life of the patient.

Drug glucophage with diabetes

Preparation Sioform

Some women after studying the annotation to the drug are afraid to take it because of a large number side Effects. It should be clearly understood that the benefits of such drugs are much higher than the alleged harm, since not only health, but also the life of the patient directly depends on treatment.

Important! In diabetes, it is necessary to take all the medicines that the doctor appointed. Independent cancellation of drugs is not allowed. In the event of side effects or worsening of well-being, you need to inform the attending physician, but do not stop taking medication.

Of great importance is the lifestyle, which will lead a woman after learning about the disease. The leading role is given to meals. The products are completely removed from the menu. glycemic index (that is, those that provoke sugar sharp fluctuations). These include:

• baking;
• white bread;
• confectionery and sweets;
• sugar;
• some types of croup (pearl, bone);
• sweet fruits (grapes, bananas, persimmon).

As desserts, a small number of marshmallows or grasses is allowed. You can eat a couple of petties of natural marmalade on pectin or seaweed. Especially useful fruits and berries. In diabetes, it is recommended to regularly use apples, cherry, raspberry, pears, plums. In the season you need to eat more apricots and sweet cherries - these are fruit perfectly reduce sugar and saturate the body with useful amino acids and vitamins.

Do not get involved in dried fruits. Despite all the benefits of dried fruit, it is allowed to be used only for the preparation of compotes, since the caloric content is very high.

Important! Any bad habits (overeating, alcoholism, smoking) reduce the life expectancy, adversely affect organs and may cause serious complications. Successful result from treatment will not be able to achieve if the patient does not completely abandon smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages.

Lifestyle with diabetes must be as calm as possible. Any stress and excitement can lead to hormonal vibrations that negatively affect the course of the disease and can contribute to its progression. Woman must learn to control their emotions. A good effect gives the use of relaxing techniques.

You can distract from negative thoughts and remove fatigue using one of the following methods:

• relaxing bath S. marine Solu and essential oil roses;
• aromatherapy;
• massage;
• herbal teas with honey or milk.

If the patient suffers from insomnia, you can drink a glass of warm milk with honey before bedtime. In the appointment of a doctor, you can take lightweight preparations: " Valerian», « Glycine», « Motherwort».

Don't forget about exercise. A set of exercises for women with diabetes should be selected individually taking into account age features and availability chronic diseases. In many hospitals, there are special classes of exercise classes for patients with type 2 diabetes that can be visited in the direction of the attending physician.

Sugar diabetes - deadly dangerous disease, rapidly progressive every year, so it is important to pay attention to its prevention. Early diagnosis also refers to K. preventive measuresSince it allows you to identify the border forms of pathology and take timely measures to treat them. Knowing the symptoms and signs of illness that have been manifested in women after 40 years, you can quickly react and consult a doctor, warning the transition of the disease in the launched form.

Video - Sugar Diabetes: Symptoms

Sugar diabetes in women is not in vain is considered a very serious disease. During the illness, the human body is amazed by capillaries and vessels, and the organs lose the ability of normal functioning. The most dangerous and common complication of diabetes is cataract, which often leads to absolute blindness.

There are cases when developing chronic form renal failure, impotence, development trophic Yazv Stop, with a further defeat of their gangrena. As a rule, the consequence of this disease is neuropathy, when first appear in the legs painful feelingsAnd then the skin loses sensitivity. In addition, diabetes mellitus affects the liver condition, and does not rarely cause its cirrhosis.

The first signs of diabetes in women after 30, 40, 50, 60 years

Today, diabetes is divided into two types. Each form of the disease can be characterized by both indirect signs and main.

The main symptoms of diabetes in women are:

• permanent thirst;
• student urination;
• significant weight loss that can reach fifteen kilograms;
• total weakness organism and fast fatigue patient;
• the presence of the smell of acetone from the mouth;
• vision nebula;
• dizziness and severity in the legs.

Concerning indirect signs Diseases include them:

• long treatment of infectious diseases (immunity is weakened due to diabetes mellitus);
• too long delaying wounds;
• decrease in body temperature;
• suggesogues appear in the calf areas.

All major signs of this disease in women, often depend on constitutional features. female organism. The special structure of their hormone system and the presence of female sex hormones, not rarely, represent the severity of diabetes not so distinctly, like men. However, despite this, many signs of diabetes in women pointing to the presence of this disease exist. It is important to be able to not only distinguish them, but also to contact the doctor (endocrinologist) in time for timely help.

So, the main signs of diabetes in women are:

• weight weight loss or fast weight;
• increased fluid consumption that does not entail swelling in the morning hours;
• reducing appetite or increase;
• failure B. menstrual cycle;
• pronounced pigmentation on the face, as well as on the skin of the hands;
• skin itch;
• hair liness and nails;
• unpleasant odor of acetone from mouth;
• weakness and dizziness.

All these signs of diabetes in women make it possible to promptly determine this disease is still on early stages its development, as well as take necessary measures To prevent the risk of complications.

If you have some major signs of diabetes, it is not a reason to get upset immediately and start panicing. An unambiguous and accurate diagnosis can only be installed by the doctor by conducting laboratory studies.

Basically, diabetes mellitus does not develop at one point. Initially, there is a failed tolerance for glucose. Next increases insulin deficiency, and then develops diabetes mellitus.

We must not forget that all major signs of diabetes in women can be masked under symptoms and other serious diseases. That is why it is very important that every woman takes place a regular examination, which includes the surrender of blood analysis on glucose.

With a small increase in blood sugar, it is difficult to determine the diagnosis of diabetes. This state was called the border and means a violation of glucose tolerance. It is at this stage that there is a high risk of sugar diabetes. However, this phenomenon is reversible. If you will be sure to comply with the recommendations of your attending physician, you can avoid a serious illness.

Prevention

In order to protect yourself from diabetes, each woman should stick to the diet and eat fractionally, that is, about five times a day. It is necessary to reduce to a minimum consumption of all refined carbohydrates and saturated fat (honey, jam, sugar, etc.). Your feedstock can be only complex carbohydrates and those products that are rich in soluble fibers. If you submit a diet in the percentage, then the following is obtained: the content of carbohydrates should be at least sixty percent, fats - about twenty percent, proteins - no more than twenty percent. You should give preference to exclusively white bird puff meats, vegetable dishes, herbal beams, low-fat fish. Fried food needs to be replaced with boiled or stew. Sweets, drinks with sugar, smoked, carbonated drinks and salt must be eliminated from the diet, and do physical exercises. In this case, your prevention of diabetes will indeed be effective.