This article discusses the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation. We offer you information on what measures the state takes place to help people with disabilities have been successfully adapted in modern society.

Social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation

Social protection of persons with disabilities is a set of events that the state is taking to fulfill obligations to citizens with disabilities. The events are registered in the Federal Law "On the Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation" and are mandatory for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Rehabilitation and abilities of disabled

Rehabilitation - measures that will lead to the restoration of abilities lost by illness. Rehabilitation objectives:

• save life;
• achieve speedy recovery;
• return a person to society.

The concept of abillation of people with health restrictions is measures to acquire new knowledge and skills. Ability is needed to return the skills and skills and skills.

Medical assistance to disabled

By law, people with health restrictions receive medical care for free. Special medical facilities are built in the country, which are intended for their treatment. For those who are not able to serve themselves, the state has established guesthouses with a 24-hour stay.

There is a list of medicines, medical equipment and products that can be obtained free on the prescription of the doctor. If the pharmacy does not have the right medication, the delivery request is drawn up, and it is obliged to bring it for 48 hours.

People with disabilities seek the provision of free trips to the sanatorium 1 time in 3 years on the basis of the conclusion of the doctor.

Ensuring unobstructed access of disabled information

At the local level, local governments are trying to ensure the conditions for the unhindered access of persons with disabilities to information.

They do:

• equipment with special devices for unhindered access to the building;
• vehicles equipment with special means for ease of use.

Providing disabled housing

The state allocates housing to people with disabilities of all groups. To provide housing in needy, it takes time. Therefore, it is important to register on time.

The provision of preferential housing is carried out in 2 ways:

• a residential premises is distinguished under a social hire agreement;
• subsidy to buy housing from the federal budget funds.

The subsidy is provided in the form of a certificate that is used only for buying a housing.

To do this, provide documents:

• personal statement;
• rehabilitation program;
• certificate of disability;
• certificate of family composition;
• act of surveys of housing and living conditions.

Education of disabled

In order for people with disabilities to receive formation on a par with other citizens, the state took measures:

• special organizations that exercise educational activities for teaching children with developmental impairment;
• children with disabilities, people with disabilities I and II are guaranteed benefits when entering educational institutions;
• students laid an increased scholarship.

People with health restrictions are important to get high-quality vocational education to become popular in the labor market.

Ensuring employment of persons with disabilities

Disability often means full or partial loss professional ability to work man. In cases where a person is able and wants to work, it is difficult for him to find a job suitable for qualifications. Not all employers agree to hire such a "problem" employee. Some unscrupulous employers evade the employment of people with disabilities.

But if the level of qualification and the skills of the applicant with disabilities corresponds to the necessary, the employer is obliged to accept it. If you refuse, you need to justify the reasons in writing. If you do not agree with the findings of the employer and consider them biased, contact the court.

The law "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" obliges the employer

prepare for them jobs and adapt technological equipment so that the employee can work without risk to health.

Material provision of disabled

People with health restrictions get material support in the form:

• pension payments;
• benefits;
• payments at the expense of damage to health;
• compensation.

Pension may be:

• disability labor, it is accrued, if there is at least a minimum work experience;
• social, it is accrued, if a person did not work during the life of any day, either when disability due to the conscious harm to health.

To make a pension, you need to send an application to the Pension Fund for registration.

Socially domestic service of disabled

Household service is carried out:

• at home;
• in stationary social service branches;
• in the form of consultation.

The programs provided at home include services:

• shipping and food delivery;
• delivery of drugs, medical care;
• accompaniment to the hospital;
• house cleaning;
• ritual services;
• water and fuel supply.

Payments and benefits

To increase the welfare of people with health restrictions, the state conducts cash payments:

• monthly cash payment. This compensation is put on all groups of people with disabilities and children with disabilities. To get paid, send an application to the Pension Fund. To the application, attach a passport, a certificate of disability from the Bureau of Medico-Social Examination, or a document giving the right to benefit and pension certificate.
• a set of social services.

It includes:

• providing prescription drugs prescribed;
• voucher in sanatorium;
• free tickets to transport.

Not everyone has the need to receive these guarantees in kind. According to a written statement, the state compensates for their money.

The program "Affordable Wednesday"

The program "Affordable Wednesday" is created so that people with disabilities no longer felt outcasts, led a full-fledged life and were successful members of society. The program started in 2011.

The program tasks include:

• create a competent infrastructure;
• create institutions to ensure full-fledged life, training and involvement in cultural and sports life.

Where and how to protect your rights to disabled

To protect your rights, use the services of qualified lawyers.

The law ensures that upon presentation of documents confirming the presence of 1 or 2 groups, you will be consulted for free. The same rule is valid for children - disabled people and people with disabilities living in boarding houses.

Free legal services for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities are provided only by lawyers who are involved in the activities of the State System of Free Legal Aid. The list of bureaus and lawyers working with disabled people are registered on the website of state bodies and lawyers.

If you look at the level social support The rights of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation from a formal point of view, it seems high enough. But in reality, achieve all the benefits prescribed by law is very and very difficult.

Legislative regulation

2,342 Total Views, 33 Views Today

When is a person considered a disabled person?

According to the law, the disabled person is considered a person who has a persistent violation of the physiological state of his body. Failure to perform a number of mandatory functions for this reason, as well as the presence of defects acting as a limiter of full-fledged life, are the reason for providing social support. Disability must be confirmed, and it is also necessary to identify the reasons for its appearance. These are:

• the presence of a common or occupational disease;
• health restrictions since childhood;
• injury and injuries obtained during the employment period or during hostilities;
• diseases that appeared as a result of man-made disasters, in particular, accidents on the Chernobyl.

There are still a number of reasons that are combined into a standard list and are listed in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Disability is assigned after medical and Social Examination or ITUwhich is held in medical institutionwhere a citizen is treated, commission. If a person is recognized by disabled person, it is provided with an appropriate certificate, which is further a basis for the provision of benefits and other types of social assistance.

Disability groups of only three and each of them are characterized by certain characteristics. To confirm your status, a citizen must once a year ( – once every 2 years, – just once) Pass re-release.

Regulation of issues and situations related to the presence of restrictions on health restrictions in the form of disabilities occurs in accordance with federal legislation, as well as on the basis of local regulations, orders and separate provisions.

Social support for disabled It is expressed in providing a specific set of benefits and surcharges, which depends on a number of factors:

• groups of disability - 1, 2 or 3rd, including disabled children and people limited from childhood;
• the reasons for the occurrence of such problems may be radiation irradiation or injury, injections in.

Along with the individual set of benefits and target help provided by a number of funds, support for disabled It is also carried out on general reasons and applies to all citizens with such a problem.

Social support for people with disabilities 1 group

Restrictions on the health of the first category includes the most complex, heavy and pronounced violations. Next:

• the possibility of non-competitive enrollment into the state educational institution of any level, if the examination was successful for such a citizen;
• for students passing in full-time, an increased scholarship is envisaged;
• the working week for citizens with disabilities is reduced. up to 35 hours;
• people who have health restrictions have the right to work out the place of employment to make leave at their own expense up to 60 days annually;
• it is provided with the right to free movement in any form of public transport within the citizen's residence region, as well as for the accompanying person, except for taxi trips;
• disabled disabled from paying real estate taxes and inherited property.

As benefits and pensions, the following types of payments can be noted:

1. Along with an old-age pension, disabled disability allowance in the amount of 3626.98 rubles.
2. In the absence of the necessary insurance experience, people with disabilities may issue a social pension in the amount 12082,06 rub.depending on the group . In the presence of dependents paid 1778.06 rubles For each, but not more than three.

Obtaining the first group of disability occurs in a standard manner, subject to a persistent disorder of the basic functions of the body and the impossibility of a citizen independently serve himself and perform any actions.

Social support for disabled people 2 groups

Disabled in the second group Also can count on. It should be said that there are no special differences between the benefits provided by the disabled people of the first group and the citizens of this category are not except for the amount of benefits and pensions:

• monthly surcharge with disabilities of the second category is 2590.24 rub.;
• social pension - 5180.24 rub.

As a benefit, it is possible to note the right to reduce hours at a work week for working citizens, additional leave, admission to an educational institution outside the competition, the right to an increased scholarship and complete exemption from tax payments.

This group includes people who have restrictions on health in the form of deafness, blindness and other similar violations. For such citizens, separate types of assistance are provided: Surdo and Typhroperer services, as well as auditing and complete exemption from the payment of the radio.

The second group of disability is drawn up only in the presence of strictly pronounced disorders of the body functioning, as well as injuries and damage, negatively affecting a certain degree of complexity and severity.

Social support for people with disabilities 3 groups

With disabilities of the Third Group Are citizens who have passed medical and social expertise, which confirmed the presence of a persistent violation of the physiological state of a person, but a moderate type.

• supplement is - 2073,51 rub.;
• social pension - 4403.24 rub.

The benefits include those species as for the disabled people of the first and second groups, with the exception of non-competitive admission to universities and high scholarships. Students surrender entrance exams and are credited to training on the general basis. There are no third group and tax breaks in disabled people.

Also law is also provided 50% reimbursement of fundsExpendable for paying medicines for those citizens who work out work.

Social support for children with disabilities

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides a number of benefits that are provided for health restrictions. It is expressed in the following:

• providing monthly social payments for children who cannot attend an educational or educational institution in order to organize training and education at home;
• reimbursement of funds spent on travel to the place of healthy rest once a year, including the passage of the accompanying person;
• free passage of necessary medical and rehabilitation procedures in state-owned clinics;
• reimbursement of funds spent on the purchase of technical means of rehabilitation and purchase of medicines.

In addition to providing social assistance, compulsory payments are made in favor of the child with health restrictions. The size of the middle manual of a disabled child is currently is 13 000 rubles and more.

Social support for parents of disabled children

If there is in the family child with disabilitiesHis parents can also count on obtaining some species. All measures can be divided into several categories:

• labor - are provided at the place of work of parents in the form of a decrease in watches in the labor week, providing additional weekend and vacation;
• housing - provision of subsidies for improving living conditions as well as land plot For building a house. Discount for payment for utilities in the amount of 50%;
• pension - the right to high allowance and reduce the necessary experience for retirement for 5 years;
• medical - the possibility of free and extraordinary service and rehabilitation tools, as well as medicines at a discount;
• taxes - expressed in exemption from the payment of a number of tax liabilities, providing a standard deduction in the amount of 3 000 rubles For each child with disabilities.

Social payment for a child with health restriction is 1200 rubles monthly. Those citizens who do not have the opportunity to work due to the care of a disabled child may arrange allowance in the amount of 5 500 rubles.

Rehabilitation and abilities of disabled

From the beginning of 2016, the law entered into force, the content of which determined the boundaries between the concepts. Despite the fact that the terms are consonant, the difference between them is essential. Rehabilitation - This is a set of measures aimed at restoring the functions of the body after receiving injuries or lost as a result of the disease. ABILITY It implies the formation of initial skills in children who have deviations or disorders in development.

As rehabilitation measures can be noted:

• A complex of medical procedures, including prosthetics and sanatorium-resort treatment.
• Professional guidance - assistance in employment as part of federal programs and further adaptation, legal support.
• Socially environmental device - the provision of psychological assistance to introduce such citizens to the social environment.

As part of these measures, people with disabilities are provided by technical means, transportation, communication devices. In addition, it turns out information Support Service.

As for the ability, such types of assistance are provided within this procedure:

• system medical eventsaimed at restoring the functions of the child's body, both completely and partially;
• social support for children and their parents;
• pedagogical support.

Conclusion

As a result, you can make several conclusions:

1. Disability gives the right to a citizen to receive a complex of social support measures. Health breach must be confirmed by commission and decorated in the form of an official medical detention.
2. The law provides for three groups of health restrictions and each of them has its own parameters, characteristics, procedure for design. Payments and benefits depending on the group are also provided different.
3. Children with disabilities and their parents have the right to receive various social support measures at the federal and local levels.
4. Legislative measures are provided for the help of citizens during periods of rehabilitation and agility.

As is known, such a category of the population, as a disabled, is the most unprotected. This is due to certain restrictions in their activity. Russia in its legislative base provides the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in all branches of life. What kind of additional possibilities and benefits are Russian people with disabilities? This is further more detailed.

General concept

Who does the law recognizes disabled person? In regulatory legal acts, which are currently operating in Russia, a clear definition of such a concept as "disabled" is proposed. The legislator determines that such is, above all, a person who has some physical or other pronounced deviations. Under other deviations implies mental, sensory or mental.

All people with disabilities are divided into several groups, depending on the severity of injury and restrictions in vital activity. The most significant is the third group when a person is deprived of physical activity and does not have the ability to independently implement certain vital actions. The most simple group of disability is the first.

A separate group, the legislator considers children with disabilities. For such a category in Russia, special opportunities are provided that are also enshrined in legislation.

Regulations

All special rights and possibilities of persons with disabilities are reflected in legislation. In the Russian Federation, both its own and international legislation is used in relation to individuals in this category. In the first case, the main regulatory act is the Federal Law "On the Protection of Persons with Disabilities". It discloses the entire essence of the peculiarities provided for the life of such a category of population.

As for international legislation, the concept of additional rights to persons with disabilities is widely reviewed in the Convention on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, on the basis of which interpretation and Russian legislation is often made in relation to such issues. The attention of lawyers and simple readers in it presented 50 articles in which all the possibilities of people with limited abilities can be used in stages.

In addition to these major documents in Russian legislation, there is a mass of sectoral laws in which additional rights of persons with disabilities are prescribed. These are: kzot, family, housing, as well as some other codes.

Labor legislation

Protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation is widely covered in labor legislation. People leading legitimate labor activities have the right to work for a shorter time than an ordinary person - within 7 hours a day. In total, the weekly duration of labor hours is 35. In this case, the employer is obliged to pay wages in full, as for an employee who performs the same duties within 8 hours a day.

As for the time of rest, the disabled person has the right to a 30-day vacation, which should be provided every year. Moreover, such an employee is entitled to use the possibility of free holidays, the duration of which in total should not exceed 30 days a year.

At any enterprise, the employer must adequately equip the place to fulfill labor duties with disabilities, and in accordance with his physical characteristics. In addition, legislation prohibits the use of the work of this category of employees in the performance of overtime, night work, as well as on holidays and weekends. This option is permitted only with the written consent of the disabled person.

In order for the employment of persons with disabilities not to be problematic, the state obliges many categories of employers to organize in their enterprises, institutions and organizations of the place to work with disabilities. For this, quotas are installed. In the process of reducing the staff of the staff, the removal of such employees is prohibited - this is also the protection of the labor rights of persons with disabilities.

Housing legislation

In the field of housing legislation, some benefits are also offered for such an unprotected population. In the Russian law on the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, it is said that some groups of people have the right to receive a separate housing area, their final list is proposed in the article of this regulatory legal act. These include people who have the active form of tuberculosis, as well as those that move on strollers, having deviations in the function of the musculoskeletal system. In addition, a separate housing is made by mentally ill to persons for whom it is mandatory a necessity of supervision by other persons. Disabled people with heavy forms of kidney damage and those that recently transferred transplant operations bone marrow Or other organs, must also be provided with separate housing equipped with special requirements.

Housing legislation also provides for the protection of the rights of people with disabilities, which do not suffer from the above diseases. They can get out of order of a queue of housing or a country area with land for housekeeping. In addition, persons with disabilities have the right to pay for all housing services in the amount of 50% of the cost of the total amount.

Family legislation

The law on the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation guarantees some possibilities for people with disabilities in the inheritance industry. So, in the process of dividing the inheritance, even if the person suffering from disabilities is not spelled out in the will, he must provide a share of all goods in the amount of at least 2/3. In the event that there is no testament, such an heir receives goods in equal parts with the rest.

In the Family Code, there is a mark that the disabled person in the case of a divorce procedure has the right to demand from the former spouse or spouse for detention. However, this feature can be refused.

Education system

In the education system, the state also protects the rights of persons with disabilities. In particular, this is expressed in providing opportunities for people with disabilities to receive special technical means For learning. In addition, they are relied on a special scholarship, as well as the possibility of learning special Programcompiled taking into account the abilities of the face. Disabled applicants have the right to extraordinary enrollment in the ranks of students to all higher educational institutions of Russia.

During the session, at each exam, a disabled student has an extra time in order to prepare for the answer.

Disabled children have the right to visit specialized school and pre-school institutions, which offer a full range of conditions created taking into account certain physical disadvantages of a person. In order to take advantage of this right, parents must send their own child to pass the Special Medical Commission, as a result of which the certificate required to enroll in the establishment of such a character.

Health industry

The Federal Law on Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities ensures the protection of such a category of population in the field of health. In accordance with its norms, any disabled has the right to preferential provision preparations that are necessary to maintain its normal life activity, as well as medical and technical means and some personal hygiene objects, the list of which is determined separately for each group. If it is necessary to carry out prosthetics, it is also carried out at the expense of public funds.

Each year, the local social insurance fund is obliged to provide disabled people to a resilience to a sanatorium with payment, food and travel in both directions.

Cultural industry

In legislative acts that regulate the activities of cultural institutions different speciesAlso proposed a number of opportunities that are provided in the order of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities.

First of all, in such regulatory acts it is stated that unobstructed access in the form of special means should be ensured in each cultural institution. In particular, the example of this can serve ramps and lifts

Tickets for visiting cultural events in public institutions are also offered with an additional discount. In particular, it concerns museums where the inlet for disabled is available at a discount of 50%.

The television system also provides additional opportunities for such a population. In particular, this applies to the TV shows, during which a survival is carried out, and a running line is offered.

Pension provision

Federal Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities provides for wide spectrum opportunities and pension provision. Thus, any disabled person who has not been accumulated necessary for the receipt of a retirement experience is entitled to receive a social pension until it reaches the retirement age. In addition, all representatives of this group that have at least one experience in the workbook receive a disability retirement retirement.

Tax law

In the field of tax legislation also protects the rights of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation. The range of its actions is relatively small, however, the activities of the state in this field are positively assessed by representatives of this category.

Disabled in the Russian Federation have the right to take advantage of social tax deduction. In addition, each person with disabilities can be released from land tax.

Tax legislation provides for a complete exemption from the payment of state duty, provided that the disabled I or II appeals to the court with a claim, the price of which is not more than 1 million rubles.

Protection of the rights of children with disabilities

The activities of the state in this field is the most relevant. This is due to the fact that children with disabilities are a particularly vulnerable group of people who need additional protection of their rights.

The law on the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities provides for the possibility of registration for a child of a separate pension, to ensure which should be applied to the Pension Fund. In addition, representatives of this group can use all Housing utilities with a discount of 50%, as well as utilities under the same conditions.

In the recipes, a disabled child doctors can receive free medicines that are needed to maintain normal level Life and activity. In public transport, a disabled child can move completely free, subject to the presentation of the relevant certificate.

Society for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities

In the system of public organizations of Russia, there is a separate society that develops new programs to improve the lives of people with disabilities, as well as control over the proper execution of laws on the rights of persons with disabilities and guarantees for them. This structure has branches throughout the Russian Federation, so that any representative of this population has the right to seek help or advice.

Social protection of the rights of persons with disabilities This group is provided on the public basis. As part of its activities, a collection of charitable funds for treatment or the provision of special technical supplies is made. In addition, the organization develops new programs to ensure more high level Life of representatives of the category. Anyone has the full right to apply to this structure at the place of residence in order to protect the rights of persons with disabilities, since a team of professional lawyers specializing in solving such issues works in society.

Social help

The legislation of the Russian Federation also guarantees the provision of social assistance for disabled people. As a rule, it is focused on people who are in a predicary financial situation.

As part of such opportunities, poor disabled person has the full right to receive product sets from social services, material assistance, as well as clothing. In order to issue this benefit in practice, it is necessary to provide in the service located in the building of the Executive Committee at the place of residence, the application of the appropriate content, a certificate indicative of the presence of disability, as well as its group and, in addition, a certificate of family composition and its material position.

Every person with disabilities can receive the ability to stay in social service institutions, recreation homes, as well as in rehabilitation centers. In addition, if necessary, all needy people with disabilities can be provided with a temporary shelter in which everything is being organized for a comfortable stay.

Responsibility for disabled discrimination

In order to ensure proper and complete level of persons with disabilities, legislation provides for criminal liability for their oppression and discrimination. This article in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was submitted on the basis of a similar provision existing in Article 5 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. It refers to the full prohibition of disabled discrimination and infringement of them in rights. It is on the basis of this provision and article in the Criminal Code that any disabled person has the full right to apply to the court with a statement to protect their rights in any sphere of vital activity. As practice shows, most often the oppression of persons with disabilities is carried out in the work area, which is associated with the unwillingness of the employer to use the hired labor of this population.

Today, people with disabilities belong to the most socially unprotected category of the population. Their income is significantly lower than the average, and the needs for medical and social services are much higher.

They have a lesser extent have the opportunity to get an education, can not engage labor activity. Most of them have no family and do not want to participate in public life. Dolgalov B.A., Ladikova V.N. Socio psychological problems disabled. M.: Spark, 2010. P.95.

All this suggests that people with disabilities in our society are a discriminated minority.

In accordance with Article 2 Federal Law "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation", the social protection of persons with disabilities is a system of guaranteed by the state of economic, social and legal measures that provide disabilities for overcoming, substitution (compensation) of life restrictions and aimed at creating them equal to other citizens of participation in society . On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of 24.11.1995 No. 181 - FZ // Russian newspaper. 1995. December 02. № 234.

Disability is a problem not one person, and not even part of society, but the whole society as a whole.

The essence of it lies in the legal, economic, industrial, communicative, psychological features of the interaction of people with disabilities with the surrounding world.

Such genesis of public thought is explained by the relevant development of economic opportunities and the level of social maturity of various historical eras.

In accordance with Article 1 of the Federal Law "On Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation", the disabled person - a person who has a violation of health with the resistant disorder of the functions of the body, due to the disease, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limited livelihoods and the necessity of its social protection . On the social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of 24.11.1995 No. 181 - FZ // Russian newspaper. 1995. December 02. № 234.

Limiting of vital activity is a complete or partial loss of the face of the ability or the ability to carry out self-service, to move independently, orientate, communicate, control your behavior, study and engage in labor activity.

Blind, deaf, dumb, people with impaired movement coordination, fully or partially paralyzed are disabled due to obvious deviations from the normal physical condition of the person.

Persons with disabilities are also recognized persons who do not have external differences from ordinary people, but they suffer from diseases that do not allow them to work in a variety of spheres as they do healthy people. For example, a person suffering ischemic disease Hearts are not able to perform heavy physical work, but the mental activity is perfect forces.

All disabled on different grounds are divided into several groups: Gostyushin A.V., Schubina S.I. Alphabet survival. M .. 2010. p.55.

1. By age - disabled children, disabled adults.

2. By the origin of disabilities: disabled since childhood, disabled people, disabled labor, disabled of a common disease.

3. According to the degree of working capacity: disabled people-bodied and disabled, persons with disabilities I (disabled), persons with disabilities of group II (temporarily disabled or able-bodied in limited spheres), persons with disabilities of groups (able-bodied working conditions).

4. By the nature of the disease, people with disabilities may relate to mobile, low-voice or fixed groups.

Depending on the belonging to a particular group, employment issues and the organization of disabled people are resolved.

Multiotic disabled people (capable of moving only with the help of wheelchairs or on crutches) can work at home or with their delivery to the place of work.

This circumstance determines many additional problems: equipment of the workplace at home or in the enterprise, delivery of orders for home and finished products to the warehouse or consumer, material and technical supply, repair, prevention of equipment at home, the allocation of transport for the delivery of a disabled person to work and From the job.

Even more complicated by the situation with fixed disabled people, chained to bed. They cannot move without any assistance, but they are able to work mentally: analyze socio-political, economic, environmental and other situations; write articles, artwork, create paintings, engage in accounting activities.

If such a disabled person lives in a family, many problems are solved relatively simple. And if he is alone?

Special workers will need, who would find such people with disabilities, revealed their abilities, helped to receive orders, enter into contracts, acquire the necessary materials and tools, organize product sales.

It is clear that such a disabled need and in everyday care, starting from the morning toilet and ending with the provision of products.

In all these cases, special social workers help disabled people who are paying for their care. Behind the blind, but mobile disabled, employees paid by the state or charitable organizations are also fixed. Dobrovolskaya T.A. Shabalina N.B. Disabled and Society: Socio-psychological integration. M. ,. 2009. p.63.

According to official statistics, in Russia now 10 million people with disabilities (about 7% of the population). According to social information agency, there are not less than 15 million among the current people with disabilities a lot of young people and children. Grishina L.P. Actual problems of disabilities in the Russian Federation. M, 2010. p.39.

In the overall contingent of disabled people, men make up more than 50%, women - more than 44%, 65-80% are the elderly people. Along with the increase in the number of people with disabilities, the trends of qualitative changes of their composition are traced.

Over the past decade, the number of disabled children has increased by an advanced pace: if in the RSFSR in 1990 Registered in the social protection bodies of the population consisted of 155,100 such children, in the Russian Federation in 1995. This indicator increased to 453,700, and in 1999. - Up to 592,300 children.

It is alarming and the fact that, according to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 50,000 children are born annually in our country, which are recognized as disabled since childhood.

In recent years, the number of people with disabilities is also growing due to military injury. Now their number is almost 42,200 people.

Persons of the retirement age account for 80% of the total number of persons with disabilities; Disabled Great Patriotic War - more than 15%, I groups of 12.7%, group II - 58%, group III - 29.3%.

The structure of the distribution of disability in connection with the general disease in Russia is as follows: in the first place of the disease of cardio-vascular system (22.6%), followed by malignant neoplasms (20.5%), then injury (12.6%), diseases of the respiratory organs and tuberculosis (8.06%), in fifth place - mental disorders (2.7 %).

The prevalence of disability is generally higher among the urban population compared to rural residents. Kalmet H.Yu. Living medium for disabled. M., .2010. P.86.

The dynamics of the growth of disability in Russia is characterized by the following indicators: in the age structure, people with disabilities prevail, on nosology - the most often disability is associated with diseases of the circulatory system, persons with disabilities of group II prevail.

Over the past 30 years, there has been sustainable trends and mechanisms for the formation of such policies, supporting the governments of various countries to develop approaches to solving problems of this social group and assist state and public institutions in identifying and implementing policies addressed to disabled people.

Basic principles for the formation of policies for the disabled: Holodova E.I. Social work: theory and practice: studies. benefit. M., 2010. P. 60.

1. The state is responsible for eliminating the conditions leading to disability and solving issues related to the effects of disabilities.

2. The state provides persons with disabilities the opportunity to achieve the same living standards, including in the sphere of income, education, employment, health care, participation in public life.

3. Disabled people have the right to live in society, society blames isolation of persons with disabilities. For this, society seeks to form the conditions for the independent life of the disabled (barrier-free Wednesday).

4. For disabled people, the rights and obligations of citizens of this society are recognized. In the competence of the state there are ways to recognize, ensure and implement the rights and obligations of persons with disabilities as members of society.

5. The state is committed to the equestrost of social policy measures against persons with disabilities throughout the country, regardless of where the disabled person lives (in rural or urban areas, the capital or province).

6. In implementing policies regarding persons with disabilities, features of the individual or persons with disabilities should be taken into account: all the disabled, due to the specifics of their disease, are in different starting conditions, and to ensure the rights and obligations of citizens of the country with respect to each group of persons with disabilities, there is a set of events.

State politics currently remains the main public mechanism in determining, categorizing and legalizing disability and continues to be a significant element in designing and maintaining the dependent status of people with disabilities.

In Russian debates on social policy regarding people with disabilities, along with the approval and adoption of integration ideas, the issue of costs and benefits is raised, and the quality and spectrum of existing social protection measures remains a secondary issue.

In social legislation and programs, the necessary requirements of accessibility and integration are contained, but in practice it is not always possible to talk about readiness and ability to provide declared and achieve the designated goals. Varkovastova T. V. Social protection of persons with disabilities in Russia. M., 2010. P. 122.

Social protection systems disabled in developed countries include a number of interrelated elements reflected in the regulatory consolidation of the rights of persons with disabilities, the rights and obligations of state bodies, public and charitable organizations, forms and methods of their activities in this area.

The main criteria for the development of state policies regarding people with disabilities are: Trunov I.L. Social protection of persons with disabilities in Russia: a look at the problem // Right and politics. 2010. № 5. P. 84-87.

The presence of an officially recognized policy regarding persons with disabilities.

The presence of special anti-discrimination legislation on persons with disabilities.

Judicial and administrative mechanisms for the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities.

The presence of non-governmental organizations of persons with disabilities.

Access to persons with disabilities to the implementation of civil rights, including the right to work, for education, to create a family, to privacy and property, as well as political rights.

The presence of a barrier-free physical and social environment.

Thus, at the present stage of the development of the Company, a complex of measures for social integration of persons with disabilities to society is one of the priorities of the social policy of the state and local authorities.

The relevance of the problem is determined by the presence in social structure Society of a significant number of persons having signs of life limitations.

Federal law "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation" and other regulatory acts have established a fairly wide amount of the rights of persons with disabilities and state guarantees of their implementation.

Russia as a social state provides social and legal protection of persons with disabilities, through the formation of diverse targets for the protection of persons with disabilities, the introduction of various rehabilitation systems and technologies both on the state and regional level.

Thus, at present, when solving questions about the social protection of persons with disabilities, the issue of costs and benefits is raised under the challenge, and the quality and range of existing social protection measures of persons with disabilities remains secondary.

The current legislation of the Russian Federation and federal and regional programs contains the necessary requirements of accessibility and integration, but in practice it is not always possible to talk about readiness and ability to provide declared and achieve the designated goals.

People with disabilities have functional difficulties as a result of disease, deviations or deficiencies of development, health, appearance, due to the inaptability of the external environment towards their special needs, as well as because of the prejudice of the Company in relation to themselves. To reduce the impact of such restrictions, a system of state guarantees on social protection of persons with disabilities has been developed

Social protection of persons with disabilities - a system guaranteed by the state economic, legal measures and social support measures, providing disabled conditions for overcoming, substitution (compensation) restrictions on life and aimed at creating them equal with other citizens opportunities for participation in society.

Social support for persons with disabilities is a system of measures that provides social guarantees with disabilities established by laws and other regulatory legal acts, with the exception of pension provision.

Medical and social services of persons with disabilities are carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

State support for persons with disabilities includes the following activities:

• 1. Rendering qualified medical care Disabled in the framework of the program guarantees of the provision of free medical care to citizens of the Russian Federation.
• 2. Ensuring unobstructed access of persons with disabilities to information. Ensuring the release of literature for persons with disabilities in vision is the consumables of the Russian Federation. The Russian gesture language is recognized as the language of communication in the presence of hearing impairment and (or) speech, including in the areas of oral use of the state language of the Russian Federation. A system of subtituration or a survival of television programs, cinema and video films is introduced. Authorized bodies provide disabled assistance in obtaining services for the Survival, Typhalospectorate, the provision of Survivors, providing Typhalities.

Public authorities and local governments create conditions in the subordinate institutions to obtain disabled services for translation services with the use of a Russian gesture language.

• 3. Participation of persons with disabilities in the implementation of operations (transactions with money, notarial actions, etc.) using facsimile reproduction of his own signature
• 4. The Government of the Russian Federation, the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and the organization regardless of organizational and legal forms create conditions for persons with disabilities (including persons with disabilities using wheelchairs and drivers) for unhindered access to social infrastructure sites (residential, public and industrial buildings, buildings and structures, sports facilities, recreation places, cultural and entertainment and other institutions), as well as for unhindered use of railway, air, water, long-distance by car and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, communications and information (including means that provide sound signals of light signals of traffic lights and devices governing pedestrian movement through transport communications).
• 5. Ensuring disabled residential areas. Disabled and families with disabled children who need to improve housing conditions are recorded and provided by residential premises in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
• 6. Disabled families and families with disabled children are compensated for the cost of paying residential premises and utility services in the amount of 50 percent:
  • · Boards for hiring and fees for the content of residential premises, including fees for services, work on the management of an apartment building, for the maintenance and current repair of common property in an apartment building, based on the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises of state and municipal housing stocks;
  • · Cards for cold water, hot water, electrical energy, thermal energy consumed in the content of common property in an apartment building, as well as for the discharge of wastewater in order to maintain a common property in an apartment building, regardless of the type of housing stock;
  • · Communal services fees calculated based on the volume of consumed communal services defined by the testimony of accounting devices, but no more consumption standards approved in the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In the absence of these instruments of accounting, the fee for utilities is calculated based on the standards for the consumption of utilities approved in the procedure established by the legislation;
  • · Payment of fuel costs purchased within the limits established for the sale of the population and transport services for the delivery of this fuel - when living in homes that do not have central heating.
• 7. Disabled people and families with disabilities are provided with the right to the priority obtaining land plots for individual housing construction, the maintenance of utility and country farm and gardening.
• 8. Education of disabled. The state supports education to disabled education and guarantees the creation of disabled conditions for its preparation.

Support for general education vocational education and vocational training of persons with disabilities is aimed at:

• · The exercise of human rights and freedoms is on par with other citizens;
• · Development of personality, individual abilities and opportunities;
• · Integration into society.
• 9. Ensuring the employment of disabled.

Disabled people are provided with guarantees of employment by federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation through the following special events that contribute to the increase in their competitiveness in the labor market:

• · Establishments in organizations regardless of organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership of quota for accepting disabled people and the minimum number of special jobs for people with disabilities;
• · Reservations of jobs by professions that are most suitable for employment of disabled;
• · Stimulating the creation by enterprises, institutions, organizations of additional jobs (including special) for the employment of disabled;
• · Creating disabled working conditions in accordance with individual programs rehabilitation of disabled;
• · Creating conditions for entrepreneurial activities of persons with disabilities;
• · Organization of training for disabled new professions.
• 10. Establishing quotas for receiving disabled work.

For disabled I and II groups, there is an abbreviated duration of working time not more than 35 hours per week with the maintenance of full wage.

Invalids are provided with an annual vacation of at least 30 calendar days.

11. Material provision of disabled.

The material support of persons with disabilities includes cash payments on various reasons (pensions, benefits, insurance payments when insuring the risk of violation of health, payments to compensation for health, and other payments), compensation in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

12. Socio-domestic service of persons with disabilities.

Socio-domestic service of persons with disabilities is carried out in the manner and on the grounds defined by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with the participation of public associations of persons with disabilities.

The form of provision of these social support measures is determined by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The basic laws on disabled in the Russian Federation and the Omsk region are:

• · Federal Law of 24.11.1995. № 181-FZ (ed. From June 29, 2015) "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation"
• · Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 20.02.2006 N 95 (ed. From 06.08.2015) "On the procedure and conditions for recognizing persons with disabilities"
• · Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation of September 29, 2014 N 664N "On the classifications and criteria used in the implementation of medical and social expertise citizens by federal government agencies Medical and social expertise "
• · Federal Law of January 12, 1995 N 5-FZ (ed. From June 29, 2015) "On Veterans"
• · Federal Law of December 17, 2001 N 173-FZ (ed. Dated June 4, 2014) "On labor pensions in the Russian Federation"
• · Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2010 N1031N (Ed. Dated June 17, 2013) "On the form of certificate confirming the fact of establishment, and discharge from the certificate of examination of a citizen recognized by the disabled person issued by federal government agencies of the medical and social expertise, and the procedure for their compilation "
• · Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 27, 1996 N 901 "On the provision of benefits to disabled people and families with children with disabilities, to ensure their residential premises, pay for housing and utilities"
• · Law of the Omsk region of July 26, 2011 N 1373-OZ (ed. Dated November 7, 2013) "On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Omsk region"
• · Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ (ed. Dated July 21, 2914) "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation"

And other regulatory acts of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation.

For legal and social support for disabled people, various advice has been created in the heads of the regions, as well as public organizations.

In the Omsk region, there is a council for disabled cases under the Governor of the Omsk Region, which was established to ensure the interaction of the executive authorities of the Omsk Region with local governments, public associations, other bodies and organizations in the consideration of issues related to the problem of disability and disabled issues in the Omsk region . Regulations on the Council for Disabled Persons under the Governor of the Omsk Region and its composition are approved by the Governor of the Omsk Region.

The state authorities of the Omsk region:

• · Attract representatives of public associations of persons with disabilities to prepare, adopt and implement decisions, including in the development of regulatory legal acts of the Omsk region affecting their interests;
• · Attract representatives of public associations of persons with disabilities to participate in the consideration of issues related to the creation of the terms of disabilities for unhindered access to objects of engineering, transport and social infrastructures;
• · Promoting public associations of persons with disabilities in the implementation of their activities in the Omsk Region, including through the provision of subsidies from the regional budget in accordance with federal and regional legislation.

The right of persons with disabilities to create public associations is described in Article 33 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 N 181-FZ "On the Social Protection of Disabled in the Russian Federation"

Public associations created and operating in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of persons with disabilities, ensuring them equal with other citizens of opportunities, there is a form of social protection of persons with disabilities. The state provides assistance and assistance to these public associations, including material, technical and financial. Local governments have the right to provide support to public associations of persons with disabilities at the expense of local budgets (With the exception of inter-budget transfers provided from the budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation).

The most famous public associations in Russia are the "All-Russian Society of Disabled Persons" and "Union of Disabled Persons".

All-Russian Society of Disabled Society created on August 17, 1988. The objectives of the Wari are: Protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities. Providing people with disabilities with other citizens opportunities for participation in all spheres of life integration of persons with disabilities in society. Today, it is more than 1.6 million people, 24.3 thousand primary organizations, 2,100 district and urban and 81 regional organizations in 1998 have been awarded a special advisory status with the UN Economic and Social Council. It has a representative office in all regions of the Russian Federation, incl. and in the Omsk region.

The All-Russian Union of Public Organizations of the Disabled Union "Union of Disabilities of Russia" was registered on June 11, 1999 by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for No. 3714, on the initiative of public organizations of people with disabilities of Russia.

The Union of Disabled Russia is a public base aimed at the development of a system that will allow people with disabilities to reveal their potential, and fully realize themselves in modern society, to obtain equal rights and conditions for life along with the rest of the Russian citizens.

Russia's disabilities union organizes charitable activities and conducts various public and state events

Main goals:

• · Protection of the rights and interests of persons with disabilities;
• · Ensuring the disabled people with other citizens of participation opportunities in all spheres of public life;
• · Implementation of social programs aimed at providing comprehensive assistance to disabled;
• · Development of comprehensive cooperation of organizations of persons with disabilities with public organizations, state and commercial structures

Thus, the measures of social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation include: medical and social services, pension provision and legal protection of persons with disabilities, based on adopted legislative acts in the Russian Federation.