How many coushmen in the world. What is the difference between Cachelot from China: comparison and differences. Social structure and reproduction
Among all kinds of mammals, coushlot is allocated due to its huge toothpaste, impressive sizes, speed and endurance. These "marine messengers" are the only ones who remained alive from the entire family of couch. What is hunting for them? What threat does it represent for a person? How does it live and what is food? All this further in the article!
Description Cachelot
On the maritime expanses you can meet the surprising creatures of huge sizes.. One of them is Kishlot's whale predator. The main difference from other whales is a diet. He is not interested in Plankton Il Algae, but I hunt for a "fish bigger" in the literal sense of the word. They are predators who can attack people in emergency situations. If you do not threaten the lives of a cub and not to impede everyday affairs - they will not independently attack a person.
Appearance
Couslotes look very unusual and a little frightening. The first thing that rushes into the eyes is a huge head, which, at first glance, is more torso. The greatest figure is expressed in the profile, when looking at the FAS, the head does not stand out and the coushlot can be easily confused with the whale. "The greater the body, the more brain," such a rule applies to most mammals, but not on the couch.
The cranial box contains a large number of spongy fabric and fat, and the brain itself is just a few times more human. Spermacet is mined from the spongy substance - the substance with the wax basis. At the initial stages of the development of the chemical industry from it, candles, cream, the basis for ointments, glue were made.
It is interesting! Only after the opening of synthetic thickeners, humanity ceased to exterminate coushlots.
Behavior and lifestyle
Every 30 minutes, coughs pop up from the depths to breathe oxygen. Its respiratory system differs from the system of other whales, even a jet of water produced by couching, is directed at an angle, not directly. Another interesting ability of this whale is a very fast immersion. Despite its low speed (10 km / h), it can take a fully vertical position over the water. This is due to the powerful muscles of the tail, which he can stun enemies or fight back from rivals.
Life expectancy
Cachelot's female wears a german in itself for almost 16 months. Just one cub may appear at times. This limitation is due to the size of the fetus. The newborn reaches 3 meters long and weighs almost 950 kilograms. The first year it feeds exclusively with milk, it allows it to grow and develop.
Important! Before the introduction of a ban on hunting, the average age of the killed individual was 12-15 years old. That is, mammals did not live to a third of their lives.
In the second year of life, his teeth appear and he can hunt other fish. Give the females only every 3 years. The females begin to mate from the seven age, and the males - from 10 years old. The average life expectancy of coushlots is 50-60 years, sometimes up to 70 years. The female retains a childbearing function up to 45 years.
Dimensions of Cachelota
Adult males reach 20 meters long, and the weight can accomplish noted in 70 tons. The females are slightly smaller in size - the weight does not exceed 30 tons, and the length is 15 m.
Area, habitats
You can meet the sea titans in almost every ocean. From cold water, they try to stay away, nevertheless they are often observed in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the waters of the Bering Sea. Males can swim in the southern ocean. Females prefer water to warm, their geographical limit - Japan, Australia, California.
Kashlota diet
Cachelotes feed on meat and most often hunt on chalp clams and small fish. Looking for a sacrifice at a depth of 1.2 km, you can dive on a large fish to a depth of 3-4 km.
It is interesting! During periods of long-term hunger strike, coushlots saves a huge stock of fat, which is spent to maintain energy.
They can eat and desolene. Their digestive tract is capable of dissolving even bones, so they never die from hunger.
Reproduction and offspring
Cachelotov's females usually do not go beyond the boundaries of warm waters, so the pairing period and the birth of children they are limited not as sharply as in species whose females make constant migration into the cold waters of both hemispheres. Cashulota can occur within the course of the whole year, but most of the cubs appear in the fall. For the northern hemisphere, it happens in early autumn. So, in the North Atlantic, a greater number of offspring is born from May to November. Before the beginning of birth, females are collected in a plid zone, where conditions will be favorable to affect the development of offspring.
To such regions in the Pacific, the waters of the Marshal Island and the Bonin Islands, the East Coast of Japan, to a lesser extent - the water of the South Kuril Oils and Galapagos Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean - Azores, Bermuda, the coast of the African Province of Natal and Madagascar. Coughs dwell areas with pure deep water, which are located with the leeward side of the island or reef.
In the southern hemisphere "Fraight season" occurs in the period from December to April. Give the females away from home so that other predatory fish will harm off. Comfortable water temperature - 17-18 degrees Celsius. In April 1962
Near the island of Tristan-da-Kunya from the helicopter, rescuers watched the process of the birth of a young. Among several groups of cashelotov, which numbered 20-30 individuals. China alternately dived next to each other, so water seemed like a magnificent.
It is interesting! So that the newborn will not drown, I support my other females, diving under it and pushing up.
After some time, the water acquired a reddish color, and a newborn appeared on the ocean's surface, which immediately followed the mother. They were guarded by 4 other coushlot, most likely, also females. Eyewitnesses noted that during childbirth, the female took a vertical position, leaning out of the water almost a quarter of the body length. The newborn blade of the tailflower is rolled in the tube for some time.
Natural enemies
By virtue of their sizes and sharp teeth, the enemies from the coushlot is not so much. A newborne or female, which is without protection, but to attack the adult male, she will no longer risze. Sharks and whales are not rivals for them. In the race for light money and valuable trophies, humanity has driven the couching very close to the drawing of the extinction.
To date, the hunting and calfs of these animals is prohibited and persecuted by law.. And the well-being of the chemical and cosmetology industry did not affect anywhere, because scientists have long learned how to synthesize the mines of substances in laboratories.
Population and status of the form
Reducing the population of coushlots from natural reasons is not known, but as a result of industrial activities of mankind, these mammals suffered weighty losses. Hunting with the help of manual harpunas from sailing ships began in the first half of the XVIII century. And continued almost 100 years, after which the whales became so little that it was decided to stop hunting and fishery to preserve and restore the population. And it worked.
Population of coushments began to return to normal. But with the advent of industrial technologies, the whaling fleet was formed and the industry moved to a new level. As a result, by the 60s of the 21st centuries, in some regions of the World Ocean, a sharp decrease in the number of these mammals was noted. Such a situation broke the balance of ocean fauna due to the food chain shift.
Cachelot and man
"And man and sea beast are mammals. And to do what people did for 100 years - and that another crime, against our smaller brothers. " © Cupless Guide. 1993.
Fishery value
Hunting brought a large income of the industry. The basks were engaged in this in the Biscay bay already in the XI century. In North America, hunting coushlots began in the XVII century. The main valuable element that was mined from the bodies of Cashalotov was fat. Until the middle of the XIX century, this substance was the only ingredient that satisfied all the requests of the medical industry. It was used as fuel for lighting devices, like a lubricant, as a solution for softening leather products and in many other processes. In the bulk of cases, fat used for the manufacture of soap and in the production of margarine. Some varieties were used in the chemical industry.
It is interesting! All cetaceans are mammals. Their ancestors once lived on land. They still have fins on the webbed hands. But for thousands of years, living in water, they adapted to such a lifetime.
Fat mined mainly from individuals caught in the Arctic and Antarctic in the spring and summer period, because at this time they weighed more, and therefore the fat could be mined more. Almost 8,000 liters of fat mass produced from one couch. In 1946, a special International Committee for the Protection of Coughs was established. It is engaged in supporting the population and control of the number. Despite all the efforts, it did not help save the situation, the couch population was faster and faster and quickly sought to zero.
In the modern world, hunting does not have such a need and makes sense as before. And extremals that want to "play war" will pay a fine or at all will fall for a sieve. In addition to the fat of coushlots, very tasty meat, and fertilizers are made from bone tissue. Also from their bodies produce gray amber - a very valuable substance that is produced in their intestines. It is involved for the manufacture of spirits. Cachelotus tooth is valued as high as ivory.
Danger for man
Cachelot is the only look of whales that can swallow a person completely without fonding. Nevertheless, despite a large number of deaths when hunting for coushlots, these whales, apparently, extremely rarely swallowed people in the water. The only more or less confirmed case (it is even documented by the British Admiralty) occurred in 1891 in the Falkland Islands.
Fact!Cachelot broke the boat with British whale schooner "The Star of the East", one sailor died at the same time, and the other, Harpooner James Bartley, disappeared and was also considered dead.
Cachelot, sinking the boat, was killed in a few hours; The cutting of his carcass continued all night. By the morning of the kitoboy, coming to the internships of China, found in his stomach James Bartley, who was unconscious. Bartley survived, although not without health consequences. His hair fell on his head, and the skin lost the pigment and remained white as paper. Bartley had to leave the whaling fishery, but he was able to earn good, showing himself at the fairs as a man who was in the Kita belly as a biblical ion.
Recently, they do not indulge their attention. Many speaks about smart, smart and fun dolphins, about good-natured giants whales, but about the noble knights of the seas, coushlots, for some reason, no word. Maybe because not everyone read the amazing Roman Henry Melville about White Cashlot Mobi Dick.
What did he deserve particular attention to the writer? Yes, at least because Cachelot, although it belongs to the whale family, is sharply different from all the inhabitants of the Earth, both underwater and land. It can rightly be called the most mysterious animals. He works somehow completely wrong, in any case, is completely incomprehensible to us.
Whales are not fish, but mammal animals that should pop up to make a breath of air. They only are hidden under water for a short time and reach small depths, and then pop up, otherwise they will damn and die. But for Cachelot, the general rules are not written. It can stay under water at least a whole hour and dive to a depth of one kilometer.
Some sources indicate the possible ability of the couch dive even up to 3000 meters. Maybe there is no depth limits for coushlot? Of course, no whale on such expathers can even dream. 25-30 meters - here are the depth of their stay.
Cachelot falls on very large depths, and there because there is a huge pressure - up to 100 atmospheres, it would have to be a monstrous press, flatten the couch in a cake, so there is no way! He pops up, alive and healthy leather.
Well, if he stays under water for a long time, then there should be a lot of air, and therefore, and the lungs from the coushlot should be - what! There was no one. He is even two times less from him than the rest of the whales. What he breathes for so long - no one knows exactly.
It is assumed that the air reserves accumulate in the muscles, as well as in the air bag in the overgrown nostril. All creatures, both large and small, two nostrils. And only the coushlota is one left. Once, however, there was also the right, but it has long been overgrown.
With air, too, everything is not entirely clear. Kembal disease is known to all divers when nitrogen captured by light with the breath of air, it turns into blood under high pressure, and from it in the body fabric. With a quick rise to the surface, microscopic nitrogen bubbles are released and clogged small blood vessels. Heavy poisoning comes, which brings heavy suffering, and often death.
The same fate, it seems, should be prepared and coughot, because it is not "from another test," and the laws of physics exist for him. But Cachelot pops out of the depths with a terrible speed, like a torpedo, and nothing is done! As maybe - one of its secrets. It is believed that the plasma of Cachelot's blood has an increased ability to dissolve nitrogen, not allowing this gas to form microbubs.
Yes, and everything else he has a strange and inexplicable, as if it was some kind of alien, and not the earthly animal. For example, he has the longest intestine in the world - 160 meters! Why does he need him? Absolutely not known. This is one of the mysteries unanswered, because predators usually intestines are generally shorter than that of herbivores.
But in this intestine it contains amber - a substance precious for humans, but for what couching uses him, no one really knows. By the most common amber version, the amber is allocated as a result of irritation of the intestinal mucosa, caused by the horny beaks of the squams swallowed by Cachelot, in any case, in the pieces of amber can always be found a lot of untapped beaks of chappings.
But for many decades, scientists have never managed to establish whether the amber is a product of normal vital activity or the result of pathology. However, it is noteworthy that the amber falls only in the intestines of males.
In a huge head of Cashollot, which is good to use as a trumpet tool, the white liquid accumulates - spermacet, easily healing any wounds (about him even went legends as a miraculous, curing all diseases medicine). In the first half of the 20th century, spermacet was used in perfumery and medicine, including for the preparation of anti-harm ointments. Nowadays, natural spermacet is no longer mined and does not apply.
But why spermatset Cachelot? Moreover, it is a unique formation in the world of cetacean, available only in the couch. On one of the latest theories, it helps to give the direction to sound waves during echolocation. But this organ clearly has other functions. Sometimes it is believed that the sperchatic organ can serve for cooling, that is, the removal of the heat from the body of the couch.
It is also possible that the head filled with spermate is used by whales for shocking shock. Indeed, male coughs in the fights with each other in the period of mating or at the attack of enemies they punches first of all head. However, there is a spermacet bag in females, so this question is not completely resolved.
Or here is another mystery. In Starin, they talked about people swallowed by whales, and then miraculously saved. In the Bible tells about the adventures of St. Jonah, which was swallowed with a huge whale, but he was warmly prayed to the Lord, and he saved him.
All these legends are not treated with huge tasty whales - blue and humpbacks, and to old couch, whose weight reaches 50, or even 100 tons. They really, by the power, swallow a person entirely that they sometimes do.
At the same time, the coushlots are not wounded by a person, although with its four-meter the lower jaw with huge teeth (the weight of each of these "teeth" - 3 kilograms) could have a snack and otnoal into pieces of anyone. Why are they so careful with people?
Maybe they just save them in trouble, just as Dolphins do? But it is done in its own way, the only way affordable by it.
Significantly known, at least one case of a wonderful salvation, whose participant was Kitoby James Bartley with Schununa "The Star of the East". Cachelot, obviously, by taking a ship and a boat with a sailor for his irreconcilable enemies, squid, attacked them. In Schoon, he made a hole with a blow, and the boat turned over.
The sailor dropped from the boat swallowed. Kitobov managed to cope with the soda aboard the ship, after that they tangled Cachelot. When his carcass pulled out on board and opened the belly, they discovered Bartley there, whom everyone was already considered dead. The sailor seemed to sleep. He was shocked by the shoulder, and he woke up.
In general, James did not suffer, that's just evounced somehow. Whether from fear, whether the gastric juices of Cachelota was raised from it all the colors.
However, it was this particular acquired feature of Bartley paid himself. He threw his job on Schoon and began to drive around the fairs, where he shown for money as a living wonder: it was necessary, I visited the stomach at Cashlot and survived! Naturally, he added a lot of "terrible" details to swim more.
Well, now the most important thing! Why do Cachelots dive for a kilometer depth when they are full of diverse food around them? The more you think about it, the inevitability you come to the conclusion that the Knight of the seas, as if specially prepared by nature for deadly fights, is looking for meetings with their long-standing and sworn enemy - a giant squid, in order to fight him and break into his part of his smoking body with insidious eyes Line.
Yes, only here is the outcome of the battle, alas, not always clear. The case is known when Cachelot was mined, having swallowed so much squid that his tentacles did not fit in the Kita belly, and the outdated outwards and climbed to the Flying of Cashlot. This squid weighed about 200 kg.
Also on the skin of the coushlotov, there are sometimes traces from the squid sucks of diameters 20 cm. At the same time, as even the largest famous science of squid (even those whose length, together with the tentacles, reached 10 meters), the diameter of the sucker does not exceed 5 cm. With what Casalotes are found in the mysterious ocean depths unknown giants?
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Males - 50 -70 tons, and females up to 30 tons.
General
This is a marine animal belonging to mammals. He is the only representative of his family.
It is believed to the herd animals. Groups can reach hundreds or thousands of heads. The main enemies are people who are hunting for its bodies. Often, these individuals even wounded are able to sink the whaling ship.
Mostly the world ocean. The females live in the subtropical zone, and the males produce migration reaching north to Bering and the Barents seas, and from the south side to Antarctica.
Feed mainly squid and octopus.
Sizes and weight
The head is 1/3 of the whole body. It has a spermacet pillow, which weighs 6 tons. There are two options for its purpose. In the first one is assumed that it is an echolocator. And the second - compares it with a swimming bubble.
The males grow to 20 m and weigh up to 50 tons, and even more. Females reach 13 m and weigh 30 tons. Also, individuals differ in the shape of the head, the physique, the number of teeth, etc.
Cachelota consider the giant among the tooth whales. He grows all his life. The individuals are known, which weigh 39 tons at 13 meters. There are data about male, weighing up to 100 tons.
Scientists produced weighing Cachelot organs, which reached, length in 16 m. It was found that the weight of the heart is 160 kg, the kidneys - 400, the lungs - 376, the brain - 36, the digestive tract - 126, and liver - 1000 kg. The brain and intestines are the largest among all animals. And the heart has a meter size per meter.
The weight of one tooth reaches 1 kg, all their thirty couples. Although they are practically not used. After all, the building of the muzzle allows suction prey.
There is a legend that squid, followed by couching, left traces from the suction cup with a diameter of 20 cm. In Antarctica, when opening the stomach of an individual weighing forty tons, found a living squid weighing 200 kg. The tentacles were visible from the mouth of Cashollot. They shook tightly to the Orange's head.
In the waters of the oceans, you can meet amazing animals of colossal sizes. One of them is the predatory whale Kashlot. In contrast to the fellows that feed on plankton, this giant possesses sharp teeth and is not averse to the fish. Therefore, he is believed to the detachment of teeth whales.
You can meet sea gigids in almost every ocean. From too ice water, they try to stay away, but they are still often observed in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the depths of the Bering Sea. Fearless males sometimes attend the southern ocean. Females prefer water warmer, their territorial limit is Japan, Australia, California.
Growth and weight of coushlot
Grown, males reach a length of 20 meters, and weighing up to 70 tons. The females are inferior to sizes - their weight does not exceed 30 tons, and the length is 15 m.
Materials on the topic:
Why are dolphins thrown ashore?
Appearance Cashalota
It looks Cachelot interesting and peculiar. First of all, attention to yourself attracts their disproportionally large head, it constitutes a third of the whole body. The bulky of the head unit is especially noticeable to the profile. Looking at the FAS, the head is clearly flattened and becomes already, moving to the face. The largest size of the front section reaches an adult male.
It can be mistaken to imagine that the brain also achieves large sizes. However, in fact, everything is exactly the opposite - the brain of the coushlot of minor sizes, and almost the entire cranial box contains spongy fabric with plenty of fat. Having a spongy substance, man processes it to obtain spermaceta - substance with a wax basis. Before the development of the chemical industry on the basis of this composition, creams, ointments, candles were made. After stopping the extraction of spermaceta, Cachelotov stopped exterminating so massively.
What eats coushlot?
Cachelots are carnivore and most often hunt for chalp clams and various fish. The search for the victim takes place at a depth of 1.2 km, sometimes the attractive prey of Cachelot tracks, plunging 3 km.
Materials on the topic:
Calan - very fast and energetic predator
How Cachelotes float, speed
Every half an hour of coushlot rises from the depths to ride. It can easily be distinguished from other whales - elastic high fountain of water, emitted with breathing, not vertical, but inclined. This teeth whale is an excellent diver and a wonderful jumper. Over the water surface, it may seem full length, also knows how to take a vertical position in the water. But the giants are not in rush to move, the speed of them on average is 10 km / h.
Live these mammals with large herds. One male accounts for up to 15 females. Sometimes the flocks are combined, and the numerous group jointly moves and extracts food. The immature males are forced to create their own group - they are not interested for females.
Life expectancy Cashalota
The female shelters the fruit of 18 months. Young is born only one. At the time of birth, the weight of it is about a ton, and the length of the body does not exceed 3 meters. The first year mother feeds the kid with milk. During this period, the small coushlot increases by about 2 times in size and acquires teeth. Give the females only every 3 years. The reproductive age of females is 7 years old, male - no earlier than 10 years. The average life expectancy of coushlots is 50-60 years, sometimes up to 70 years. The female is capable of reproducing up to 45-50 years.
