Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-
Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-

V English language there are some two-part words, the first part of which contains the pronouns every-, some-, any- and even the particle no-. The principle of using such words overlaps with the topic of the previous section. You will need to remember all the words presented and learn how to master them well.

everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody

These four pronouns refer only to humans. Let us consider the meaning and application of each in order.

everybody - everything

Everybody knows where you work- Everyone knows where you work
Everybody is waiting for them.

Note that this and other similar pronouns are in the third person singular form (he, she). In the right case, verbs must be put in this particular form.

Don't say Everybody know or Everybody are waiting.

Everyone left the cafe and went to the square

somebody - somebody, somebody (in statements)

Somebody told me that you were ill- Someone told me that you are sick
I "m looking for somebody to share a flat- I'm looking for someone to rent an apartment together

The pronoun somebody is used in the same cases as the single some in affirmative sentences.

Tell yourself:

Someone calls me every night

anybody - anyone (questions and negatives)

Does anybody know how to get to the stadium?- Does anyone know how to get to the stadium?
Is anybody home? - Is there anyone at home?

I don "t see anybody - I don't see anyone

The difference between somebody and anybody is based on the opposition of some and any (see. previous section ).

Don't say: I don "t see somebody.

Tell yourself:

Do you know anyone here?
No i don't know anyone

nobody - nobody

Nobody loves me - Nobody loves me
Nobody said a word - Nobody said a word

Tell yourself:

No one believes you

Since nobody already carries negation, the verb in the sentence will be in the affirmative to avoid double negation. Literally such sentences will be translated into Russian as follows: Nobody loves me or Nobody believes you.

Now try to translate the following sentences yourself into English by choosing the correct pronoun:

Will you invite someone to the party?
Everyone wants to know English, but nobody wants to learn it
Someone is waiting for you outside the door

The four pronouns considered have duplicate words: everyone, someone, anyone, and no one, respectively. They are similar in design and meaning.

Everybody is happy = Everyone is happy
Somebody is waiting for you = Someone is waiting for you
Does anybody speak Spanish here? = Does anyone speak Spanish here?
Nobody understands us = No one understands us

From the examples, you can see that the pronoun no one is really spelled separately, unlike all other words.

In fact, we said a little superficially that words with roots -body and -one are similar. In meaning, they are very similar, but still some subtleties in their difference can be distinguished. For example, everybody is closer in meaning to the Russian "all", and everyone is closer to the Russian "everyone". And if we want to put the preposition of after such pronouns, then it is more correct to use words with the root -one.

Everyone of you is so kind to me- Each of you is so kind to me
Can anyone of them turn the light on?- Can any of them turn on the light?

Instead of no one, however, in the case of the preposition of, its modified version, none, will be used.

None of us is able to alter the history- None of us can change history

Say it yourself in English:

Everyone needs a good teacher
Do any of you know Peter?
I think none of us know Peter?

everything, something, anything, nothing

If pronouns with the roots -body and -one mean people, then words with the root -thing mean inanimate objects.

everything - everything

I "m tired of everything - I'm tired of everything

something - something, something, something (statements)

I need to tell you something - I need to tell you something

anything - anything, anything (questions, negations)

Does she know anything about Ancient Rome?- Does she know anything about Ancient Rome?
We don "t hear anything - We don't hear anything

Less commonly, anything can be found in affirmative sentences meaning "anything."

I can give you anything you want- I can give you whatever you want

nothing - nothing

What "s wrong? - What happened?
Nothing - Nothing

Say it yourself in English:

Can you see anything?
I don't want to eat anything
I liked everything
What? - Nothing

Other pronouns and adverbs

There are a lot of similar compound words with the pronouns every-, some-, any- and the particle no- in the English language. We will not analyze the rest of the words in detail, but only list some of them. Always remember the difference between some and any.

everywhere - everywhere, everywhere
somewhere - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere
anywhere - anywhere, anywhere
nowhere - nowhere

somehow - somehow
anyhow - somehow

anyway - anyway

To practice, tell yourself in English:

Now cars are everywhere
Have you seen Patricia anywhere?
No, I haven't seen her anywhere
They have nowhere to live
I think we will solve this problem somehow
Can you fix my car somehow?
I will stay here anyway

In English, you can find many more similar compound words. Only the most common ones have been considered here. Complete the practical tasks without fail.

Exercises
Exercises

Exercise 1
Say what the following pronouns and adverbs mean

somebody, everything, nobody, anybody, anything, something, everyone, nothing, somewhere, everywhere, somehow.

Exercise 2
Translate sentences from English into Russian

1. They don "t believe anyone;
2. She told that she loved someone, but didn "t tell his name;
3. Yesterday my boss got angry and went somewhere in the middle of the meeting;
4. Will your parents go anywhere on holiday this summer?
5. I have nowhere to go;
6. We have nothing to tell you;
7. No one came to my birthday party;
8. Everybody forgot to pay the bills except me;
9. I had to tell you something very important;
10. Could you recommend me anybody to make me a haircut?

Exercise 3
Translate sentences into english

Body

1. Will anyone watch this movie?
2. Nobody will watch this movie;
3. Everyone wants to sleep;
4. We didn't want to disturb anyone.

1. I will listen to each of you;
2. Are you going to call someone?
3. Nobody can play better than you;
4. None of you can win this game;
5. Someone is shouting in the street.

Thing

1. Is there something in this bag?
2. There is nothing in this bag;
3. I have nothing to say to you;
4. I love spring. Everything is so fresh and green.

Where

1. Mike can't find the keys anywhere;
2. You must look for them elsewhere;
3. She would like to live somewhere in Europe.

-> Common mistakes in English -> Parts of speech -> Terminology -> Meaningful and functional words -> Comparison of English and native languages

The pronouns SOMEBODY and SOMEONE are translated the same way - someone, someone, someone. These pronouns are noun-pronouns and serve as subject and object in a sentence. The pronouns SOMEBODY and SOMEONE are synonyms, and in most cases are interchangeable, but there is a difference between them that resembles the difference between the pronouns EVERY and EACH.

The pronouns SOMEBODY and SOMEONE are derived and consist of the indefinite pronoun SOME and the nouns BODY and ONE. It is the nouns that influence the meaning of the derived pronouns they are part of.

One of the main values noun BODY there is a word - "body" and this word "body" can correspond as an inanimate object, some kind of material, physical body, for example: a celestial body, or the main part of any mechanism. The noun BODY also refers to a living being, which is a person. Therefore, the word BODY can be translated like this - human or the main part of the human body- torso.

SOMEBODY = SOMEBODY, SOMEBODY - it makes sense: some kind of "body", that is, some one person from many others like himself, no matter which person, taken at random, that is, you can talk about him the same way, as well as about all other people in general, since we do not distinguish this person from the crowd. Therefore, SOMEBODY does not separate, but on the contrary unites all their own kind into a group. I say SOMEBODY and I mean the whole crowd. SOMEBODY is like a theory of random numbers, no one knows which number will drop out. In a way, the pronoun EVERY = everyone behaves in the same way.

For example:

Somebody is sure to find the lost papers. = Someone will probably find the lost documents. = (some people, one or more persons -> “someone” is any person, no matter what, unknown to you or me, one of the crowd or several people).

I am afraid somebody will know about it. = I'm afraid someone will find out about this. = (some people, one or more person –-> “someone” is any person from my environment, unknown to me, or to you, or to several people).

Ask somebody to show you the way to the post-office. = Ask someone to show you the way to the post office. = (some people, one or more persons -> “somebody” is any person passing by or several people).

One of the meanings noun ONE there is a word - “man”, that is, a lone person, a person who is an individual, and therefore stands out from the crowd and has some characteristic features.

SOMEONE = SOMEONE - it makes sense: some person from many of his own kind, but nevertheless he in some way “leaves a mark”, that is, stands out. I say SOMEONE and imagine one person, unknown to me, but this someone "left a mark", stood out from the crowd. In a way, the pronoun EACH = everyone behaves in the same way.

For example:

This is a letter from someone who lost the papers. = This is a letter from someone who has lost their documents. = (a person, one person -> from “someone” - from some person, but it was this “someone” who lost documents and wrote a letter, so to speak, “left a mark”).

Someone left a journal here yesterday. = Someone left a journal here. (a person, one person-> “someone” - unknown to me or to you, but a very specific person who “left a mark”).

Someone has asked you on the phone. = Someone asked you to go to the phone. = (a person, one person -> “someone” - some person, but he called and asked for the phone).

The same meaning applies to derived pronouns with ANY, NO, EVERY.

ANYONE (a person, any person) Is anyone waiting for you? = Is someone waiting for you? (we are talking about one person)

ANYBODY (any people, any or more persons) Is anybody else at home? = Is anyone home? (is there someone else, one person or two, three ...)

NO ONE = (not a person) No one could answer the question. = No one was able to answer the question. (no one)

NOBODY = (no people) Nobody can fly. = Nobody can fly. (all people can't fly)

EVERYONE = (every person) Everyone is ready to answer. = Everyone is ready to answer. (every person is ready)

EVERYBODY = (all people) Come on, everybody! Dance and sing! = Come on, everyone! We dance and sing! (together)

This is why derived pronouns with BODY never follow the preposition OF. And derivatives with ONE can be with the preposition OF, as they indicate “singularity” and individuality.

For example:

Have you spoken to any of them? = Have you talked to any of them?

Have you spoken to anyone of them? = Have you talked to any of them?

1. Use a suitable indefinite pronoun somebody, anybody, nobody or. Translate the sentences.

1. Why is it so quiet here? - Because ... came to my party.
2. Can ... give me a haircut? - I’m sorry, but there isn’t ... available at the moment. ... is busy.
3. ... is coming here.
4. Have you seen ... in the office?
5. He is completely alone. Why is ... ignoring him?
6. Did you hear ...'s voice?
7. ... stole my purse in the bus.
8. Pick up the phone. ... is calling.
9. I'm so tired. I really don’t want to see ... tonight.
10. I don’t like that nurse. Let's find ... else.
11. The music was fantastic. ... liked it.
12. He rang the doorbell but ... opened it.
13. I'm sure that ... wants to be a billionaire.
14. Are you waiting for ...?
15. Has ... seen my laptop?
16. Hardly ... passed that examination.
17. If ... has questions, I'll be glad to answer them.
18. You left the door unlocked! ... could have entered the house!
19. Does ... mind if I turn the radio off?
20. Let’s go. ... is ready for the festival.

2. Modify the pattern clauses.

E.g .: There is nobody in the bus. (There is no one on the bus.) - Yes. There isn’t anybody in the bus.

1. There was nobody in the yard. (There was no one in the yard.)
2. This is nobody's land. (This is nobody's land.)
3. He could find nobody to dance with. (He couldn't find anyone to dance.)
4. There is nobody at home now. (No one is home now.)
5. We can see nobody in the car-park. (We don't see anyone in the parking lot.)
6. It was nobody's fault. (It was no one's fault.)

3. Choose the correct form of the verb. Translate the sentences.

1. Everybody ... (know / knows) his name.
2. Everyone ... (is / are) happy.
3. Somebody ... (is / are) waiting for you in the hall.
4. Everybody ... (was / were) at work on time.
5. ... (Is / Are) everybody ready for the test?
6. Nobody ... (love / loves) me.
7. Everyone ... (was / were) so kind to her.
8. ... (Do / Does) anybody play the violin here?
9. Everybody ... (need / needs) a good friend.
10. Somebody ... (has / have) left a telephone on the table.

4. Translate the story.

This is a story about four people: Everybody, Anybody, Somebody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done. so Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that because it was Everybody "s job. Everybody thought that Anybody could do it. But Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn" t do it. So Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done ...

Answers:

1. nobody (Why is it so quiet here? - Because no one came for the evening.)
2. anybody - anybody - Everybody (Can anyone give me a haircut? - Sorry, but there is no free master at the moment. Everyone is busy.)
3. Somebody (Look. Someone is coming.)
4. anybody (Have you seen anyone in the office?)
5. everybody (He's completely alone. Why is everyone ignoring him?)
6. somebody (Did you hear someone's voice?)
7. Somebody (Someone stole my wallet on the bus.)
8. Somebody (Pick up the phone. Someone is calling.)
9. anybody (I'm so tired. I really don't want to see anyone tonight.)
10. somebody (I don't like this nanny. Let's find someone else.)
11. Everybody (The music was fantastic. Everyone loved it.)
12. nobody (He rang the doorbell, but nobody opened it.)
13. everybody (I'm sure everyone wants to be a billionaire.)
14. somebody (Are you waiting for someone?)
15. anybody (Has anyone seen my laptop?)
16. anybody (Hardly anyone passed the exam.)
17. anybody (If anyone has any questions, I'll be happy to answer them.)
18. Anybody (You left the door unlocked! Anyone could enter the house!)
19. anybody (Anybody mind if I turn off the radio?)
20. Everybody (Let's go. Everyone is ready for the festival.)

1. There wasn’t anybody in the yard.
2. This isn’t anybody’s land.
3. He couldn’t find anybody to dance with.
4. There isn’t anybody at home now.
5. We can’t see anybody in the car-park.
6. It wasn’t anybody’s fault.

1. knows (Everyone knows his name.)
2. is (Everyone is happy.)
3. is (Someone is waiting for you in the lobby.)
4. was (Everyone came to work on time.)
5. Is (Is everyone ready for the test?)
6. loves (Nobody loves me.)
7. was (Everyone was so kind to her.)
8. Does (Does anyone play violin here?)
9. needs (Everyone needs a good friend.)
10. has (Someone left their phone on the table.)

Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-
Words derived from every-, some-, any- and no-

In English, there are some two-part words, the first part of which contains the pronouns every-, some-, any- and even the particle no-. The principle of using such words overlaps with the topic of the previous section. You will need to remember all the words presented and learn how to master them well.

everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody

These four pronouns refer only to humans. Let us consider the meaning and application of each in order.

everybody - everything

Everybody knows where you work- Everyone knows where you work
Everybody is waiting for them.

Note that this and other similar pronouns are in the third person singular form (he, she). In the right case, verbs must be put in this particular form.

Don't say Everybody know or Everybody are waiting.

Everyone left the cafe and went to the square

somebody - somebody, somebody (in statements)

Somebody told me that you were ill- Someone told me that you are sick
I "m looking for somebody to share a flat- I'm looking for someone to rent an apartment together

The pronoun somebody is used in the same cases as the single some in affirmative sentences.

Tell yourself:

Someone calls me every night

anybody - anyone (questions and negatives)

Does anybody know how to get to the stadium?- Does anyone know how to get to the stadium?
Is anybody home? - Is there anyone at home?

I don "t see anybody - I don't see anyone

The difference between somebody and anybody is based on the opposition of some and any (see. previous section ).

Don't say: I don "t see somebody.

Tell yourself:

Do you know anyone here?
No i don't know anyone

nobody - nobody

Nobody loves me - Nobody loves me
Nobody said a word - Nobody said a word

Tell yourself:

No one believes you

Since nobody already carries negation, the verb in the sentence will be in the affirmative to avoid double negation. Literally such sentences will be translated into Russian as follows: Nobody loves me or Nobody believes you.

Now try to translate the following sentences yourself into English by choosing the correct pronoun:

Will you invite someone to the party?
Everyone wants to know English, but nobody wants to learn it
Someone is waiting for you outside the door

The four pronouns considered have duplicate words: everyone, someone, anyone, and no one, respectively. They are similar in design and meaning.

Everybody is happy = Everyone is happy
Somebody is waiting for you = Someone is waiting for you
Does anybody speak Spanish here? = Does anyone speak Spanish here?
Nobody understands us = No one understands us

From the examples, you can see that the pronoun no one is really spelled separately, unlike all other words.

In fact, we said a little superficially that words with roots -body and -one are similar. In meaning, they are very similar, but still some subtleties in their difference can be distinguished. For example, everybody is closer in meaning to the Russian "all", and everyone is closer to the Russian "everyone". And if we want to put the preposition of after such pronouns, then it is more correct to use words with the root -one.

Everyone of you is so kind to me- Each of you is so kind to me
Can anyone of them turn the light on?- Can any of them turn on the light?

Instead of no one, however, in the case of the preposition of, its modified version, none, will be used.

None of us is able to alter the history- None of us can change history

Say it yourself in English:

Everyone needs a good teacher
Do any of you know Peter?
I think none of us know Peter?

everything, something, anything, nothing

If pronouns with the roots -body and -one mean people, then words with the root -thing mean inanimate objects.

everything - everything

I "m tired of everything - I'm tired of everything

something - something, something, something (statements)

I need to tell you something - I need to tell you something

anything - anything, anything (questions, negations)

Does she know anything about Ancient Rome?- Does she know anything about Ancient Rome?
We don "t hear anything - We don't hear anything

Less commonly, anything can be found in affirmative sentences meaning "anything."

I can give you anything you want- I can give you whatever you want

nothing - nothing

What "s wrong? - What happened?
Nothing - Nothing

Say it yourself in English:

Can you see anything?
I don't want to eat anything
I liked everything
What? - Nothing

Other pronouns and adverbs

There are a lot of similar compound words with the pronouns every-, some-, any- and the particle no- in the English language. We will not analyze the rest of the words in detail, but only list some of them. Always remember the difference between some and any.

everywhere - everywhere, everywhere
somewhere - somewhere, somewhere, somewhere
anywhere - anywhere, anywhere
nowhere - nowhere

somehow - somehow
anyhow - somehow

anyway - anyway

To practice, tell yourself in English:

Now cars are everywhere
Have you seen Patricia anywhere?
No, I haven't seen her anywhere
They have nowhere to live
I think we will solve this problem somehow
Can you fix my car somehow?
I will stay here anyway

In English, you can find many more similar compound words. Only the most common ones have been considered here. Complete the practical tasks without fail.

Exercises
Exercises

Exercise 1
Say what the following pronouns and adverbs mean

somebody, everything, nobody, anybody, anything, something, everyone, nothing, somewhere, everywhere, somehow.

Exercise 2
Translate sentences from English into Russian

1. They don "t believe anyone;
2. She told that she loved someone, but didn "t tell his name;
3. Yesterday my boss got angry and went somewhere in the middle of the meeting;
4. Will your parents go anywhere on holiday this summer?
5. I have nowhere to go;
6. We have nothing to tell you;
7. No one came to my birthday party;
8. Everybody forgot to pay the bills except me;
9. I had to tell you something very important;
10. Could you recommend me anybody to make me a haircut?

Exercise 3
Translate sentences into english

Body

1. Will anyone watch this movie?
2. Nobody will watch this movie;
3. Everyone wants to sleep;
4. We didn't want to disturb anyone.

1. I will listen to each of you;
2. Are you going to call someone?
3. Nobody can play better than you;
4. None of you can win this game;
5. Someone is shouting in the street.

Thing

1. Is there something in this bag?
2. There is nothing in this bag;
3. I have nothing to say to you;
4. I love spring. Everything is so fresh and green.

Where

1. Mike can't find the keys anywhere;
2. You must look for them elsewhere;
3. She would like to live somewhere in Europe.

Let's say you found a word, wrote it out (or just looked in the dictionary). How to keep it in memory? It depends on the characteristic properties of your memory and on ...

Pronouns somebody, anybody, nobody

Pronouns somebody and anybody denote someone, someone and the pronoun nobody - nobody, nobody... Pronoun somebody used in affirmative sentences. In interrogative and negative sentences somebody changes to anybody... Pronoun nobody used meaningfully where a word is needed no one... However, if the sentence uses nobody, then the verb is in the affirmative form without a negative particle not as well as other negative words take on a non-negative form. If the verb is used with a particle not, that is, in negative form, you can use only anybody.

Affirmative sentences

There is somebody in my flat.
There is someone in my apartment.

Somebody must do something about it.
Someone has to do something about this.

Somebody is going to do that.
Someone is going to do it.

Negative sentences

There isn "t anybody in my flat.
There is no one in my apartment.

They shouldn "t see anybody.
They shouldn't see anyone.

We cannot find anybody.
We cannot find anyone.

Negative sentences formed with nobody

There is nobody in my flat.
There is no one in my apartment.

Nobody must do anything about it.
Nobody should do anything about this.

Nobody is going to do that.
Nobody is going to do this.

Interrogative sentences

Is there anybody in your flat?
Is there anyone in your apartment?

Can anybody come here?
Can anyone come in here?

Is anybody going to do that?
Is anyone going to do this?

Expression of plurality

To form the plural of countable nouns, the ending –S... To express plurality in English, words like many, much, a lot of, plenty of denoting ....

Second form of the verb

The second, or past, form of the verb denotes forms of the type: did, wrote, read. The second form of most verbs is formed with the ending –Ed("call - called, play - played, paint - painted"). However, a number of verbs ...

All temporary structures in active voice