Allah bless the questioner. We look forward to continuing our cooperation.

The answer to the question about the conditions for the correctness of fasting for the acceptance of this action by the Lord.

1- fasting is not accepted by a non-Muslim.

2- it is necessary that the fasting person be of sound mind.

3- a prerequisite for a fasting person is reaching the age of puberty.

4- Ability, meaning physical ability, is released from the post by a sick and old person. So does a pregnant woman and a breastfeeding woman who cannot fast.

5- Women who are in the menstrual cycle, postpartum purifications, and men in the state of Janaba (state of cult desecration) are also exempted from fasting.

As well as the fact that fasting implies the rejection of a forbidden word such as lies, ridicule, an evil word for the eyes, gossip, slander, ridicule. Complete renunciation of evil and sinful deeds.

Allah Almighty knows ...

However, if a person did not remember about fasting before the onset of "dahvatul-kubra", the obligatory fasting of this person is not valid and does not go into the category of "nafl" (additional fasting), although this does not exempt him from the obligation to abstain from eating and drinking during Ramadan. before the time of iftar (fasting). Then he should make up for this day at another time after the end of Ramadan, but the obligation to perform kaffara (atonement) on him does not ...

Why you need to keep the urge
Everyone has probably heard about the Muslim fast in the month of Ramadan, consider himself a Muslim, or an adherent of another religion.
The first and, in my opinion, the main reason to keep the fast is the pleasure of the Almighty. Uraza is a direct order of Allah and must be followed by every Muslim. Addressing the faithful in the Qur'an, Allah the Great commands:
“O you who have believed! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who came before you (Jews and Christians) - maybe you will fear God! "(Quran: Sura 2, Ayat 183)
The second reason for fasting is that it promotes human health. Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in one of the Hadiths says: "Observe the fast - it will improve your health." Any Muslim had no doubts about these words. However, non-Muslims did not really believe in this.
How to keep uraza
We have analyzed two main reasons, ...

How to hold Uraz correctly for a woman

Fasting in Uraz helps to atone for sins that have been committed during the year. Ramadan is 30 or 29 days (depending on the lunar month) of strict fasting. During this period, Muslims should set aside time for donations, alms, reflection, ...

Most of our readers on these sultry days fulfill one of the main pillars of Islam - they keep the uraz. Of course, all of them are interested in questions. proper nutrition, fortunately, that there is plenty to choose from. What do nutritionists advise to consume or completely exclude from your diet?

In the early days of Ramadan, the duration of abstinence from food will be about 20 hours, and therefore it is necessary to eat foods that contain a significant amount of fiber. These types of foods include cereals and legumes, for example, barley, millet, oats, millet, lentils, brown rice, as well as wholemeal flour and all dishes that are prepared from them.

In addition, foods that are rich in fiber include crushed wheat grains, vegetables, green peas, zucchini, corn, spinach, beet leaves, which contain many iron elements, fruits and berries, almonds, dried apricots, figs and ...

Fasting, or, as it is also called, Uraza, is one of the five pillars of Islam. The faith of one who denies the obligation to observe it is invalid. Fasting (sawm) in translation from Arabic means "abstinence". And according to Sharia, it is abstinence from food, drink, sexual intercourse and everything that breaks fasting during daylight hours.
The hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) says that Ramadan is the month in which Allah has prescribed fasting for us.

It is pertinent to note that modern science asserts: Muslim fasting is good for health, it heals diseases, cleanses the body and removes toxins. It was not in vain that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast and you will get well."

Observance of fasting (uraza) in accordance with all the rules cleanses a Muslim both physically (from harmful accumulations in the body) and spiritually (from laziness, carelessness), besides, fasting (uraza) helps the full to understand the state of the hungry, helps to realize and appreciate the mercy of the Almighty, which ...

In the holy month of Ramadan for all Muslims, every believer observes the Uraza - a fast of 30 days according to the lunar calendar. Unlike Christian fasting, Muslim fasting does not impose restrictions on the amount and composition of food. The prohibition falls on the time of the reception of food, namely, it is not allowed to eat from sunrise to sunset. Like any post, Uraza is not a diet, first of all, it is an opportunity to cleanse and heal the soul by rejecting bad thoughts and actions. But much attention is paid to the cleansing of the body in the culture of Islam. How to properly keep Uraza for a woman and not harm the body by forced starvation?

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Why keep Uraza in the month of Ramadan?

Uraz in Ramadan is held, first of all, for the forgiveness of sins, this is an opportunity for a devout Muslim to atone for the sins he has done since the end of the previous fast. Twenty-nine or thirty days of the ninth month according to the lunar calendar is Ramadan, a month strictly ...

June 26, 2015

According to the Hanafi fiqh, the time of niyat begins with the onset of night (that is, after the time of the evening prayer) and ends with the onset of the time of "dahvatul-kubra". Therefore, if a person has forgotten about his intention or did not perform actions that indicate an unshakable determination to fast, and then, until the time of "dahvatul-kubra", remembered that he did not eat or drink just because he is fasting in Ramadan, this remembrance will be considered the correct intention, and, accordingly, the fast of this person will be valid.

However, if a person did not remember about fasting before the onset of "dahvatul-kubra", the obligatory fasting of this person is not valid and does not go into the category of "nafl" (additional fasting), although this does not exempt him from the obligation to abstain from eating and drinking during Ramadan. before the time of iftar (fasting). Then he should make up for this day at another time after the end of Ramadan, but ...

Muslims of Tatarstan are preparing for a meeting holy month... Today, famous experts of the Koran, the Koran-hafiz, are arriving from Turkey, who will conduct taraweeh-namaz in the mosques of Kazan during the entire holy month.

Exempt from fasting:

- Sick, travelers, pregnant and lactating women. However, they should fast later when they can.

- Old people, as well as the mentally ill, ...

"Faith (includes) more than sixty branches, and bashfulness is (one of) branches of faith." "SAKHIH" AL-BUKHARI. No. 9 (9). Allah Almighty said: "Your wealth and your children are nothing but a temptation ..." ("Mutual Deception", 15). “When the call to prayer is pronounced, the shaitan retreats, emitting the winds with a noise, so as not to hear this call, and when the call ends, he (again) approaches. And he retreats during ikama, and when the announcement of the beginning of the prayer ends, he (again) approaches to stand between the person and his heart and inspire him: “Remember this and that”, which he did not even think about (before prayer, and he does this) so that a person remains (in a similar) position, not knowing how many (rak'ahs) prayers he has performed. " "SAKHIH" AL-BUKHARI. No. 352. (608). “(Once one) a man walking along the road saw a branch with thorns and removed it from the path, and Allah ...

The ninth month of the Muslim calendar Ramadan is one of the four holy months of the year. Men and women at this time keep the strict fast of Uraz, which is one of the main pillars of Islam. The main specificity of this fasting is that the quantitative composition of food is not regulated - everything is allowed to eat, and only the timing of the meal plays an important role. Let's figure out how a woman needs to keep Uraza correctly so that long-term abstinence benefits the body. Indeed, in addition to spiritual cleansing, Muslims keep fasting in order to heal the body.

Why keep Uraza in the month of Ramadan

Fasting in Uraz helps to atone for sins that have been committed during the year. Ramadan is 30 or 29 days (depending on the lunar month) of strict fasting. During this period, Muslims should set aside time for donations, alms, reflection, contemplation and all kinds of good deeds. However, the main task of every believer is not to drink water or consume ...

The arrival of the month of Ramadan is confirmed in the following ways:

1) Man himself must see the new moon;

2) if two righteous people say that they saw a new moon in the evening;

3) according to the lunar Hijra calendar, the month of Ramadan exactly occurs after 30 days from the first day of the month of Sha'ban;

4) if a religious authority, whose opinions can be guided, gives a decree on the onset of the month of Ramadan, then even those persons who do not follow his views in matters of Islamic law must act in accordance with this decree;

- if a Muslim cannot be convinced of the arrival of the month of Ramadan and for this reason does not start fasting, although two righteous people told him that they saw the moon last night, he must make up for this day of fasting as one missed after the month of Ramadan

- confirmation of the arrival of the first day of the month of Ramadan in one city is not a confirmation for the people of another city, unless these cities are located at all ...

How to fast in the month of Ramadan
17.06.2015 |

Muslims of Tatarstan are preparing for the meeting of the holy month. Today, famous experts of the Koran, the Koran-hafiz, are arriving from Turkey, who will conduct taraweeh-namaz in the mosques of Kazan throughout the holy month.

The ninth month of the lunar calendar of Muslims - Ramadan, will begin on June 18, and the first taraweeh prayer will sound in the republic's mosques on June 17. This decision was made back on May 26 - at a meeting of the Council of Ulema of the Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Tatarstan, which took place in the Kazan mosque "Tynichlyk". For a month, faithful Muslims must observe fasting - from morning prayer at dawn to evening prayer at sunset. At this time, you can neither drink nor eat, but you need to do good deeds and pray fervently.

Exempt from fasting:

- The mentally ill and children - completely.

- Sick, travelers, pregnant and lactating women. However, they must fast later, ...

If you already know the main points of the post, then I will write small tips from my personal experience... (Also, there is nothing new, all these tips are given in the internet). 1) Do not drink tea and coffee or sugary soda. 2) Drink only water and herbal infusions. 3) Do not overeat during Iftar. In the beginning, it is better to drink water and eat dates and fruits. Then a short break for the body to absorb sugar and water, and only then eat thoroughly. The risk of overeating will be much lower this way. 4) Do not eat salty, smoked, fried, with a pungent smell (fresh onion, garlic). 5) Find a loophole - how to sleep during the day, at least an hour. 6) After the morning meal (suhoor), if you have time before going to work, it is better to sleep. 7) eat more foods with a lot of vitamins (honey, dates, you can take a teaspoon a day of black cumin oil mixed with olive oil 1: 1).

The most important thing is to talk to people less. Only in cases of extreme ...

INTERNAL MORAL GROWTH

Ayrat Gimadutdinov - Director General of the auditing and consulting company "Audex":

The big difference is whether to fast in winter in summer, or, I don't feel it, because you already enter the regime, you plan the day, how to distribute the energy for it.

Fasting is not harmful, it is only necessary to observe the measure when breaking the fast, did not read. I overeat and the scholars who write on this topic, too, they say that fasting is good for health.

Earlier fewer people held now, their number increased. Some keep it, if not the whole month, then at least a week, some keep it a day. In general, there are more people in mosques.

It is possible to observe the norms of Islam in the modern world. When you apply religious, moral, personal and norms of life, and at work, and in business, it only brings relief.

On Eid al-Adha, I usually go to the mosque in Mardzhani, because I grew up these from nearby places. Then I'm going to go to Yardham ...

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According to the Hanafi fiqh, the time of niyat begins with the onset of night (that is, after the time of the evening prayer) and ends with the onset of the time of "dahvatul-kubra". Therefore, if a person has forgotten about his intention or did not perform actions that indicate an unshakable determination to fast, and then, until the time of "dahvatul-kubra", remembered that he did not eat or drink just because he is fasting in Ramadan, this remembrance will be considered the correct intention, and, accordingly, the fast of this person will be valid.

However, if a person did not remember about fasting before the onset of "dahvatul-kubra", the obligatory fasting of this person is not valid and does not go into the category of "nafl" (additional fasting), although this does not exempt him from the obligation to abstain from eating and drinking during Ramadan. before the time of iftar (fasting). Then he should make up for this day at another time after the end of Ramadan, but the obligation to perform kaffara (atonement) does not lie with him ”(“ Al-Mufassal fil fiqhi hanafi ”, p. 271).

The time interval from the adhan to the morning prayer before sunrise should be divided by 2, and then subtract the resulting figure from the time of the onset of the lunch prayer.

For example: the adhan for the morning prayer is given at 4 a.m., and the sun rises at 6 a.m., thus, the interval between the adhan for morning prayer and sunrise is two hours, divide by 2, we get 1 hour. Lunch prayer starts at 12.30. We subtract one hour from 12.30, we get 11.30. As a result, it was established that the time "dahvatul-kubra" begins at 11.30.

Actions that do not break the fast

There are more than 24 actions that do not break the fast.

Fasting is not broken if a person, out of forgetfulness, drank, ate or had sexual intercourse. Fasting is not broken even if he, forgetting that he is fasting, combined these actions (for example, he had sexual intercourse and then drank water). The reason for this provision is a hadith with the following meaning: "If a fasting person ate or drank out of forgetfulness, then this is the food that Allah Almighty gave him, and there is no obligation to compensate for the fast" (cite Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Imam Bukhari, Imam Abu Dawood and Imam Tirmidhi). Although this hadith does not mention sexual intercourse due to forgetfulness, the Hanafi scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) in this case refer it by qiyas (by analogy) to food and drink. If a man remembered that he was fasting during intercourse, he must immediately stop it and distance himself from his wife. If a man immediately, as soon as he remembered that he was fasting, stopped intercourse and left his wife, his fast is not broken. If a man, during intercourse, out of forgetfulness, remembered that he was fasting, but continued it, then his fast is broken, and he will have to not only make up for the day of fasting, but also be punished for his act in the form of kaffara (expiatory fast for 60 days continuously).

If during the fast a person saw someone eating food out of forgetfulness, then the decision whether to remind him that he is fasting depends on who the person is:

1. If someone who has forgotten that he is fasting has enough strength to abstain from food and drink until the end of the day of fasting (for example, if he is a young strong man), be sure to remind him that now is the time for fasting. Silence in this case is makrooh tahrimi, that is, it is necessary to recall it, otherwise the one who did not begin to remind falls into sin. If a person is reminded that he is fasting, but he still continues to eat or drink, his fast is broken, and he is obliged to compensate for this day, but without kaffara (this opinion refers to Imam Abu Yusuf).

2. If a person who began to eat food out of forgetfulness is outwardly weak and from the outside it can be seen that it will be difficult for him to abstain from eating and drinking until the end of the day, it is better not to remind him that now is the time for fasting, it does not matter, young or old. In this case, the forgetfulness of the fasting person should be perceived as a manifestation of the mercy of Allah Almighty to this person.

If a man, as a result of thinking or looking at a woman's genitals, has released semen, his fast is not broken. Although this action is haraam, its forbiddenness does not mean that it automatically breaks the fast.

If a person stepped into a cold shower and felt cold inside, the fast is valid.

Using eye cosmetics (be it antimony or eyeshadow), rubbing oil into your mustache, and applying cream, ointment or oil to the body and rubbing into the skin do not affect the validity of the fast. At the same time, according to the most correct opinion, the fast is not violated even if a person, after applying antimony, felt its taste in his mouth or saw that his saliva was colored in the color of antimony. It doesn't matter if the incense comes from the antimony or not.

The insertion of a finger into the penis does not interfere with fasting, provided that the finger was dry (that is, it was not moistened with water or, for example, medicine) and was inserted shallowly into the outer part of the penis (if the finger was inserted deep into the inner part of the penis , this breaks the post). This rule applies to the examination of a woman by a gynecologist. During the examination, the fast is not broken if only the outer part of the penis was examined, and nothing wet was introduced into the penis.

Hijama (bloodletting) does not break the fast. In this regard, there is a hadith, which says that during the fast the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) performed hijama (this hadith is quoted by the imams: Ahmad, Shafi'i, Bukhari, Abu Daud, Ibn Majah, Nasai, etc.). There is also a hadith with the meaning: "The fasting of the one who is bloodletting and the one who makes bloodletting is violated," but, according to the interpretation of scholars, the meaning of this hadith is that bloodletting reduces the reward for fasting, while the validity of fasting is not violated. Nevertheless, it is permissible to perform bloodletting, but only if the person is sure that this procedure will not weaken him and he will be able to continue fasting.

Gyibat (slander about another person in his absence) also does not break the fast, although there is a hadith, the external meaning of which indicates the opposite effect.

Change of intention does not affect the validity of the fast. If a person during the fast decided to break the fast, but did not do this, his fast remains valid.

A distinction should be made between inhaling fragrances and inhaling smoke or steam. During fasting, it is absolutely permissible for a person to inhale the aromas of flowers, incense, etc. But if a person intentionally inhaled smoke or steam through his mouth or nose and it got into his throat, the fast is broken. It doesn't matter what kind of smoke it was - incense smoke, cigarette smoke, and so on. If smoke gets into a person's nose or mouth by accident, against his will, his fast is valid. For example, if a person got into a room where they smoke, covered his mouth and nose with his palm, but the smoke still got inside, the fast is not broken.

Fasting is not broken if dust gets into the throat, even if it was dust from flour.

If a fly gets into a person's mouth and he accidentally swallows it, the fast is valid.

If a person took the medicine before the start of the fasting day, but already during the fast felt its taste in the mouth, this does not affect the validity of the fast.

The state of "janaba" (great pollution) does not in any way affect the validity of fasting. If a person wakes up in a state of defilement, his fast is valid, even if he has been in this state for several days in a row (although it is forbidden for him to remain in this state, because he will not be able to pray, since in order to perform the daily prayer, it is imperative to cleanse himself of great defilement ). In general, being in a state of ritual purity is not a condition for the validity of fasting.

According to the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam Muhammad, if a man introduced water into his genitals, the fast is not broken. However, Imam Abu Yusuf expressed the opinion that if the water reached Bladder, fasting is broken.

The ingress of water into the ear while bathing in the river or while performing gross ablution does not break the fast. In the Hanafi madhhab, there is disagreement as to whether fasting is broken if a person himself drops water or medicine into his ear (if the liquid penetrates into the middle ear located behind eardrum). According to the most correct opinion in the madhhab, fasting is broken. If a person cleans his ears, for example with a stick, and inserts a stick with dirt on it several times, this does not break the fast.

According to the Hanafi madhhab, swallowing mucous discharge from the nose does not break the fast, provided that it does not go beyond oral cavity(or nose) enough to separate from it. If a person has already blown his nose or spat out this discharge, but then swallowed it, the fast is broken. The same goes for swallowing saliva. But if saliva flows out of a person's mouth and hangs in the form of a thread or drop, without separating from the mouth, its swallowing does not break the fast. If a person's lips are wet with saliva during a conversation, and he then licked them, this does not affect the validity of the fast. According to the Shafi'i madhhab, if a person has swallowed accumulated saliva or accumulated mucous discharge from the nose, the fast is broken, therefore the scientists of the Hanafi madhhab recommend not to swallow the accumulated saliva or accumulated mucous discharge from the nose in order to overcome the disagreement between the madhhabs.

The book “Al-Huja” says: “Sheikh Abu Ibrahim was asked if the fast of a person who swallowed mucus (meaning mucus / bile that got into the mouth from the inside) was broken. The Sheikh replied: “If we are talking about a small amount of mucus, then the fast is not broken, according to the ijma of the Hanafis. And if the mucus filled the mouth and came out, then the fast is broken, according to Abu Yusuf, and not broken, according to Abu Hanifa. "

Vomiting, according to the most correct opinion in the madhhab, expressed by Imam Muhammad, does not break the fast if the person did not intentionally cause it. On this topic, there is a hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) with the following meaning: "The fast of a person who has been overcome by vomiting is not broken, and there is no obligation to fulfill it, and if a person deliberately induces vomiting, his fast is broken" (hadith cite Imam Malik, ad-Darimi, Abu Daud, Tirmidhi). If a person vomited against his will (even if vomiting filled the entire mouth) and he involuntarily swallowed vomit, according to the opinion of Imam Muhammad, his fast is not broken. One of the reasons for this is that vomiting is a substance that cannot be eaten. As to whether deliberately induced vomiting affects the validity of fasting, there is disagreement between Imam Muhammad and Imam Abu Yusuf. According to Imam Abu Yusuf, if the vomiting was caused deliberately, the fast is not broken if the vomit has not completely filled the mouth (i.e., it could be kept in the mouth). In this case, the fast is not broken even if the person intentionally swallowed such an amount of vomit. However, the most correct opinion in the madhhab on this issue is the opinion of Imam Muhammad, according to which the fast of a person who intentionally caused vomiting is violated in any case - whether he swallowed vomit or not.

If a person has a small piece of food (smaller than a pea) stuck in his teeth after suhoor (morning meal) and he swallows this piece during fasting, the fast is not broken. A small amount of food should be understood as such an amount that a person easily swallows along with saliva, without resorting to using the tongue and without making any effort to swallow it.

In the book "Al-Qafi" it is said that if a piece of food remains on the lip (that is, outside the mouth cavity) that does not exceed the size of a sesame seed, and gets into his mouth and dissolves there, while he does not felt no taste in the mouth, this does not affect the validity of the fast.

Should you keep fasting if your fast is invalidated or you haven't fasted since the beginning of the day for a good reason?
If a person has committed actions that break the fast, he should spend the rest of the day in fasting, even if the completion of the fast for that day has already become obligatory for him. The same applies to a person who had a good reason not to fast, but then that reason disappeared before the end of the fast day. He is charged with fasting the rest of the day, thereby expressing his respect for the month of Ramadan.

There are several categories of such people:

1. A woman who ended her haid (menses) or nifas (postpartum cleansing) after dawn on the day of fasting. She should spend the rest of the day in fasting and also restore that day after Ramadan.

2. A traveler who did not observe fasting on the way, but before the end of the fasting day arrived at the place where he intends to stay for 15 days or more, or returned home, must also spend the rest of the day in fasting, and also restore this day of fasting after Ramadan.

3. A sick person who has recovered before the end of the day should fast for the rest of the day, and also make up for the day of fasting. But if a sick person renounced the right not to fast and, expressing an intention at the right time, fasted and recovered until the end of the day, his fast is counted as fasting in Ramadan. And there is no need to make up for this day. The same applies to a traveler who observed the fast on the way and by the end of the day of fasting ceased to be a traveler.

4. A person who becomes an adult on the day of fasting must, from the moment of coming of age, observe the fast for the rest of the day.

5. If a non-believer converted to Islam in the month of Ramadan, he should spend the rest of the day in fasting with the rest of the Muslims. At the same time, the unbeliever who converted to Islam and the child who has become an adult are not obliged to fill this day of fasting.

6. A madman who regains his sanity on the day of fasting after the time of "dahvatul-kubra" should fast for the rest of the day, although he is also obliged to make up for this day. If he regained his sanity before "dahvatul-kubra" and managed to express his intention for the post, his post is valid and does not require replenishment.

There are seven things related to makrohu (blamed) during fasting:

1. Taste food (even during a nafl fast). If a woman prepares food and there is no one who could taste it (for example, for salt), except for herself (for example, a woman who does not fast because she is in a state of Haida can do this), it is permissible to taste food no makrooh. A woman is allowed to chew food in order to then give it to her child. If a woman has a husband who is very picky about food with difficult character, it is not makrooh for her to taste food to see if there is enough salt. If the husband does not have a bad character and finicky about food, you should not taste what you are cooking.

2. Chew chewing gum provided that nothing is separated from it during the chewing process (be it sugar or small particles), otherwise chewing it is haraam. This rule applies to both men and women. Outside fasting, chewing gum is mustahab for a woman and makrooh for a man if a man does it in public (in solitude, makrooh subsides). Chewing gum outside of fasting to get rid of bad smell from the mouth is allowed.

3. Kissing your wife / husband if there is a possibility that the person will not restrain himself as a result and will have intercourse or that a seed will be released. The same applies to "mubasharatul-fahisha" (contact of the genitals of a man and a woman without copulation).

4. Biting the wife's lip (this implies that her saliva does not enter the husband's mouth, otherwise this action breaks the fast).

5. Build up saliva in your mouth and then swallow a lot of saliva at a time.

6. Doing hard work, if the person is confident that this work will weaken him and he will be forced to break the fast.

7. Performing bloodletting, if there is a high probability that it will weaken the person and he will be forced to perform Iftar.

The following seven actions do not apply to makrohu:

1. Kisses and "mubasharatul-fahisha", if the person has no fear that this may lead to sexual intercourse. This position is indicated by an argument in the form of a hadith, in which Aisha says that the Messenger of Allah e performed similar actions during fasting (hadith are quoted by Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim).

2. Applying fat or oil to the mustache.

3. Application of antimony to the eyelashes.

4. Hijama (bloodletting), provided that the person is sure that the hijama will not weaken him so much that he will be forced to perform Iftar.

5. Using siwak. Including the use of sivak at the end of the day. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the use of sivak during fasting after the onset of the lunch prayer is makruh. According to the Hanafi madhhab, the use of sivak is Sunnah in any case. This is evidenced by the hadith in which the Messenger of Allah e said: "One of the best qualities of the fasting person is the use of sivak" (hadith quoted by Ibn Majah, al-Bayhaqi, ad-Darakutni), as well as the hadith, which says that the Messenger of Allah e used siwak during fasting both at the beginning of the day and at the end of the day (hadith quoted by Imam Ahmad). It is not makrooh to use a siwak, even if the siwak is fresh, green, or moistened with water.

6. Rinsing of the mouth and nose, even if it is not done during the minor ablution.

7. Showering or wrapping in a wet sheet. The permissibility of this is indicated by the hadith, where it is said that the Messenger of Allah e during fasting poured water on his head during the heat in order to reduce the feeling of thirst. There is also a hadith on this topic that Ibn Umar wrapped himself in a wet sheet during fasting. These actions are not makrooh because they help the person to fast.

Desirable (mustahab) actions during fasting

Suhoor and Iftar. The Messenger of Allah e said: "Perform suhoor, truly in suhoor there is barakat for you" (hadith quoted by Imam Ahmad, Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim).

If a person commits suhoor, his reward for fasting increases. However, one should not eat too much during suhoor, as this contradicts the meaning of fasting (fasting implies a certain heaviness for a person).

There is also the following hadith on this topic: “Three things from the morality of the Messenger e: shortly after sunset, take iftar, shortly before dawn, take suhoor and put right hand to the left during prayer ”(lead imam Muhammad, imam Abdur-Razak and imam al-Bayhaqi).

If the sky is overcast, it is advisable to delay the iftar a little, so as not to be mistaken. In general, it is advisable to take Iftar before the stars are clearly visible in the sky.

As a suhoor, it is enough to drink a sip of water. In this regard, the Messenger of Allah e said: “Suhoor contains barakat, even if a person drank only a sip of water. Indeed, Allah Almighty and His angels bless those who perform suhoor. "

Situations in which it is allowed to interrupt the fast

In some cases, it is permissible for a person, and sometimes even obligatory, to interrupt the fast. There are several reasons why a person may not fast: illness; travel; compulsion; pregnancy; lactation; hunger; thirst; old age.

If a person feels that he will die of illness if he continues to fast, he should definitely break the fast. It is also permissible to interrupt the fast if a person is afraid that the disease will otherwise drag on.

If a person knows for sure that his illness proceeds according to a certain cycle, for example, at the beginning of each month he has a severe fever, he is allowed to interrupt the fast at the beginning of the month, without waiting for the disease to manifest itself (the same applies to a woman who, based on your experience and knowledge about the features of your menstrual cycle, almost 100% sure that she will start a hyde at the beginning of the month). If a person's illness does not manifest itself at its usual time (for example, it turns out that he has recovered), according to the most correct opinion in the madhhab, he, in addition to replenishing the fast, will not have the obligation to commit kaffara for breaking the fast (the same refers to a woman who did not start the hyde at the usual time).

If a pregnant woman fears that she may get sick or lose her mind if she refrains from eating and drinking, she is allowed to interrupt the fast. If a woman feels that abstaining from food and drink can lead to her death or the death of the child she is carrying, it is not only permissible for her to break the fast, but also obligatory. The same applies to a woman who is breastfeeding. If a child who is breastfeeding a woman develops diarrhea, that woman is allowed to interrupt the fast in order to take medicine that will help prevent the child's illness. The hadith says: "Truly, Allah Almighty created an indulgence for a traveler who can leave fasting and shorten prayer, as well as an indulgence for a pregnant and nursing woman who is allowed not to fast" (cite Imam Muhammad, Imam Ahmad, Abu Daud, at- Tirmidhi, an-Nasai).

How to determine the truth of fears for your health

When determining how justified the fear of illness or death is, it is necessary to pay attention to two factors:

1. An experience... This refers to a situation when a person has previously observed that as a result of abstaining from food and drink, his health has deteriorated significantly, the disease has worsened / protracted, or there is a danger that he will die.

2. Doctor's diagnosis... It is understood that a doctor has informed the person about the danger to health or life. In the book "Al-Burkhan" it is said that the doctor who conducts the medical examination must be a Muslim, and must also be a professional doctor and have the quality of "adal". However, Imam al-Kamal expressed the opinion that the presence of the quality of "adal" in this case is not necessary. It is enough that the doctor is not an obvious sinner, and then his assessment of the state of the fasting person will be enough to conclude whether it is possible to interrupt the fast.
If a person interrupted the fast without having the experience described above or based on the conclusion of a doctor who does not possess the qualities listed above, then, in addition to completing the missed fast, he is obliged to perform kaffara.

A person is allowed to interrupt fasting if he feels a feeling of hunger or thirst to such an extent that it can lead to death, clouding of mind or loss of vision, hearing, etc. In this case, it is made a condition that hunger or thirst are not caused by a person consciously (for example, if the person was doing hard work, knowing that it will lead to unbearable thirst). If a person breaks the fast after he has aroused a strong thirst in himself with exhausting work, he must make up for the fast and perform kaffara.

A traveler has the right not to observe fasting on the way only if he went on a journey before the onset of Fajr. On this score, Allah Almighty says in the Qur'an (meaning): “He who is sick and who is on the way have the right not to fast. They must restore the days of fasting, which they missed, in another month "(Surah" Al-Bakara ", ayah 184).

If the traveler can fast on the way and this does not harm him, it is better not to interrupt the fast, as in the Quran, Allah Almighty said: "But if you fast, it is better for you." However, if he is traveling in a group in which everyone has interrupted the fast, it is better for him to also break the fast, thereby following the jamaat. The same applies to the case if a person's fellow travelers collect money to buy food for iftar and break the fast - it is better for a person to invest his share in the money collected for iftar and join the jamaat.

In a situation where a person has a valid reason not to fast in Ramadan (for example, he is sick or on the way), and he feels that he will die before the end of Ramadan and do not have time to make up the fast, the question arises - is he obliged to write a will and appoint one who will pay fidyu (feed the poor) for the days of fasting he missed. In this case, the person does not have the obligation to draw up a will indicating the payment of the fidia. If this person dies without writing a will, there will be no sin on him. However, if a person who did not fast for a good reason had the opportunity to make up for the fast (that is, he became sedentary or recovered and found time after the end of Ramadan, when he could make up the fast), and he feels that he will soon die, not having time to restore the missed days of fasting, he is obliged to write a will and appoint a person who will pay fidu for him. Fidya is calculated according to the number of days on which a person could make up for the fast. If he had three days to fill the fast before he died, he has to pay fidu for three days, etc.

If a person made a vow that he would fast for a whole month, if he recovered, then recovered, but after being healthy for one day, fell ill again and felt that he would die, he must write a will to pay the fidya for the entire month that he promised to fast. If he fasted on that only day when he was healthy, that day should be subtracted from the total; if he did not fast, the fidya is paid for the entire month. This opinion was expressed by the imams Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf (may Allah Almighty have mercy on them). According to Imam Muhammad, you need to pay fidyu only for one day - the day on which a person recovered, he could keep the fast, but did not keep it. The fatwa in the Hanafi madhhab is based on the opinion of the imams Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf.

If a person has accumulated debts for fasting, for example, ten days, it is advisable to make up for these days of fasting as soon as an opportunity arises, without delay, and also to fast all 10 days in a row. However, this is not a condition for the validity of the replenishment of the fast - it is allowed to replenish the fast gradually over a period of time.

If a person did not manage to make up for the missed days of fasting and the new month of Ramadan has already begun, he should postpone his debts and begin to perform the obligatory fast, and the remaining days for last year replenish after the end of this year's Ramadan. If a person during Ramadan expressed his intention to fast kada (fasting), his fast will be counted as a mandatory fast in Ramadan, provided that this person is healthy and is not a traveler. If a traveler during Ramadan expresses his intention to fill the fast for the last Ramadan, his fast will be counted in accordance with the intention. In this case, there is disagreement among the sheikhs regarding the fasting of the sick. A person is not obliged to pay a fidu for postponing the completion of a mandatory post until later.

FeeDya payout

A person who is in a state of extreme old age and does not have the strength to keep the fast is allowed not to fast, but it is necessary to pay fidyu for each day of fasting. As a fidya, it is necessary either to feed one poor man twice every day (and both times he must be fed enough to be completely satiated), or to give the poor man every day half of ca (about 4 kg) of wheat. In addition, it is allowed, instead of products, to give the poor man the value of this wheat in monetary terms. A person has a choice: pay the fidyu at the beginning of the month of Ramadan or at the end. It is allowed to give fidyu to the same poor man.

If the old person's condition has improved and he is able to fast, it is his responsibility to make up for the days of fasting that he missed, and the paid fidya is canceled.

If a person made a vow to fast constantly (for example, every day), and then realized that he did not have the strength for this, he is allowed to interrupt the fast, but at the same time it is necessary to pay fidyu for each missed day of fasting.

If a person, for some reason, cannot fulfill the duties assigned to him, he must ask for forgiveness from Allah Almighty for not being able to fast.

Phidya is not provided for fasting, which was a substitute for another compulsory action in atonement for any sin. For example, if a person has to commit kaffara, the first thing he has to do is to release the slave. If this is not possible, he must fast for two months in a row. In this case, the basis of kaffara is the liberation of the slave, not fasting, so a person who cannot observe this type of fast for some reason should not pay fidyu. If a person does not have the opportunity to feed the poor (or the type of kaffara that he must perform, in principle, does not imply such an alternative as feeding the poor), he must also ask for forgiveness from Allah Almighty.

The material was prepared by the teacher of the madrasah named after Imam Abu Hanifa

Each religion has different posts. They are long and short, especially revered and less revered. For Muslims, the most important is the fast of Ramadan, which falls on the month of the same name. It is required for all believers. Muslim fasting has some differences, for example, from Christian in its modern form, although the spiritual purpose is the same both there and there.

What is Ramadan and how it originated

The Muslim fast of Ramadan is one of the most important events of this religion. It is mandatory and also one of the five pillars of Islam. Although, according to legend, the Prophet Muhammad was unfavorable to asceticism, he himself established this fast. It falls on the ninth month of the lunar calendar, and since the lunar year is shorter than the Gregorian, the beginning of the fast is shifted annually by eleven days earlier than the previous one. Its name coincides with the name of the month of Ramadan, but in the Turkic languages ​​it is most often called Uraza.

It was in this month that the first revelation from the Lord was given to the Prophet Muhammad, which was given to him by the angel Jebrail. Such revelations were subsequently included in the Qur'an. The first revelation was received on the night of the twenty-seventh, and it is believed that it is on this day that Allah is most supportive of the believers. When the Muslim fast begins, then in the daytime one should completely refuse to eat. Other austerities are also observed, which will be described in more detail below.

It should be noted that the time of the beginning of the fast and the time of the exit from it is determined by the locality in which the fasting person is. If a believer began his fast in one place, but for certain reasons he had to leave for another and there he ends a day or two earlier, then this should be accepted. The day of leaving Ramadan should be met with everyone, and the missed days should be postponed to another time.

What is the purpose of fasting for Muslims

The essence of Muslim fasting is the manifestation of one's willpower over the desires of the flesh for the triumph of the spirit. At this time, the believer needs to concentrate on his inner world in order to find his sinful inclinations and destroy them, as well as repent of those sins that have been committed. It is very important to fight against pride at this time in order to sincerely humble ourselves before the will of the Creator.

Ramadan should reflect on your life, rethink life values, what is truly important and what is superficial. Thanks to this, there is a strengthening of faith, the spiritual growth of the believer and, possibly, a change in life priorities.

Activities prohibited and permitted during Ramadan

Muslim fasting has a number of prohibited and permitted actions that violate its course. We list them below.

• Do not deliberately eat or drink.
• Smoking is prohibited.
• During fasting, sexual intercourse is prohibited if it leads to ejaculation.
• Cannot be entered medications rectally and vaginally (in this case, it is better to postpone the post).
• The fast is considered invalid if the intention has not been uttered. This is done every day.
• Do not swallow moisture, which even enters your mouth involuntarily. That is why swimming is not recommended during the fast and you need to take a shower with caution.
• You can brush your teeth, but you need to be careful not to swallow water or toothpaste in the process.
• Swallowing saliva is not considered a violation of the fast.
• It is allowed to donate blood or to bleed during Ramadan.
• You can also administer drugs by injection.

Eating while fasting

In the month of Muslim fasting, there are only two meals. The first time a believer takes food before the sun rises (this is a prerequisite). This pre-dawn breakfast is called suhoor. This is a mandatory action, since it is believed that the Muslim in this case will receive more reward, since he will perform all the actions prescribed by the Prophet Muhammad. Then, after sunrise, the believer should not eat anything.

The evening meal is called iftar. It is performed after sunset and prayer and, of course, local time is taken into account). Eating later is not recommended. The conversation takes place with a small amount of dates, and then you can eat fully, but very modestly. However, all the dishes are quite satisfying and there are a lot of them, because this month it is customary to treat not only your family, but also other people. During fasting, you must at least once invite neighbors, friends, distant relatives to visit you and feed them.

It should be noted that at night the believer is obliged to pronounce the intention. This is a phrase that speaks of the desire to fast for the sake of Allah. It can be in any form and must be pronounced with the heart. If the phrase was not uttered, then the day of fasting is considered invalid. It is recited at night between prayers.

Many believers from other religions are surprised by this method of fasting, but the ancient Christians also had this type of fast. The whole day they did not eat food and prayed fervently, only after Vespers could they consume a certain amount of food in order to maintain strength in their bodies. Over time, the type of fasting has changed somewhat in the Christian tradition, as a result, they have only excluded certain types of food from their diet. Thus, the type of fasting that is now preserved in Islam has rather ancient roots.

Exit post

Muslim fasting ends thirty days later on the first day of the month of Shawwal. In honor of this, a real holiday is organized, which is called Eid al-Adha. On this day, believers break their fast and perform Eid Prayer. Also in this (fasting) alms should be paid. This is done in a mosque or for those who need help. You should also visit the mosque, and then celebrate the end of the fast with relatives and close friends.

Who Can't Fast

Fasting in the month of Ramadan in the Muslim tradition may not be observed in the following cases:

• If a person is sick and it is very difficult or impossible for him to maintain fasting.
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women also do not observe Ramadan.
• Children who have not reached puberty.
• Old people, infirm and incurable sick, but they have to feed the poor or pay a certain amount.
• Also, people on the road may not observe fasting, but they must make up for it after completing the journey. However, if they began to abstain in food, then it is not allowed to interrupt, even if they had to leave. For non-observance of the fast, the journey must be distant, at least eighty-three kilometers from home.
• Ramadan may not be adhered to by non-Muslims (for them it is considered invalid).
• Mentally ill people who are in a clouded mind.

It should be noted that even if believers do not observe fasting, it is not permitted to conspicuously eat, drink, and smoke in front of other believers.

Conclusion

So, as we can see, the great Muslim fast is very important for all believers. At this time, a person becomes closer to the Lord due to the abandonment of all that is superfluous that usually accompanies his life. In addition, during Muslim fasting, spiritual unity takes place with loved ones, since everyone supports each other in this pious deed, and also conducts numerous conversations about the spiritual.

(meaning): “O you who have believed! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for your predecessors - perhaps you will be intimidated. You should fast for a few days. And if any of you is sick or on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. And those who are able to fast with difficulty should feed the poor man in atonement. And if someone voluntarily performs a good deed, then so much the better for him. But you'd better fast if you only knew! In the month of Ramadan, the Qur'an was revealed - correct guidance for the people, clear evidence of correct guidance and discernment. Anyone of you who is caught this month should fast.... And if someone is sick or on the way, then let him fast the same number of days at another time. Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you trouble.

He wants you to complete a certain number of days and magnify Allah for guiding you on the straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful ... You are allowed to enter into intimacy with your wives on the night of the fast. Your wives are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. Allah knows that you are betraying yourself (disobey Allah and have sexual intercourse with your wives at night during fasting in Ramadan), and therefore He accepted your repentance and forgave you. From now on, enter into intimacy with them and strive for what Allah has prescribed for you. Eat and drink until you can tell the white thread of the dawn from the black, and then fast until the night ... "(Surah "al-Bakara", ayahs 183-187).

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- every monday and thursday... It is narrated from the words of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The deeds (of people) are presented (to Allah) on Monday and Thursday, and I want my deeds to be presented at that time, when I fast "(at-Tirmidhi)

It is reported that Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, always observed fasting on Mondays and Thursdays" (at-Tirmidhi)

- three days in each lunar month- 1st day, full moon days (13, 14 and 15); 28, 29, 30 numbers

It is best to observe this fast on white days, which are the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth days (of each lunar month). They also say (what we are talking about) the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth days of the month, but the first is correct and generally accepted.

It is reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, said: "In white days the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, always observed fasting both at home and on the way" (al-Nasai)

It is reported that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “My beloved friend gave me instructions regarding three (things): to observe (additional) fasting for three days every month, to perform an additional morning (dua) prayer in two rak'ahs in the morning, and make Vitr before going to bed "(Al-Bukhari; Muslim)

It is reported from the words of Abdullah bin Amr bin al-Asa, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "Observing a fast for three days every month (like) a constant fast" (Al-Bukhari; Muslim)

Mu "aza al-" Adawiyya narrated that (once) she asked Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): "Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) observe a monthly three-day fast?" She said, "Yes." (Mu "aza said): I asked:" From what (day) month did he (start) fasting? " She said: He did not attach any importance to what (day) of the month (to begin this) fast. ”(Muslim)

On the days of the month Rajab

On the days of the month Shaban but not one or two days before the month of Ramadan

It is reported that Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "In no month did the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, fasted more than in sha" bath, and it happened that he fasted during the entire sha "ban". In another version of this hadith, it is reported that Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "... and he usually observed the fast during the entire sha" ban, with the exception of a small (part of it) "(Al-Bukhari; Muslim)

6 days of the month Shawval... Whoever complements his Ramadan fast with six days in the month of Shawwal will receive a reward equal to daily fasting for a year.

In the month Muharram: on the day of Ashura, as well as on the previous and subsequent days (9-11 days)

It is narrated from the words of Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: "After Ramadan, the best for fasting is the month of Allah Muharram, and the best prayer after the obligatory one is night prayer" (Muslim)

First 10 days Zul-Hijja

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “No matter what days righteous deeds are performed, Allah loves (doing them) most of all these days,” meaning the (first) ten days of the month of Zul Hijja (Al-Bukhari )

V day of araf(9 zul-hiji).

It is narrated from the words of Abu Qatada, may Allah be pleased with him, that when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was asked about fasting on the day of Araf, he said that fasting on this day serves as an atonement for the sins of the past and next year (Muslim)

It is narrated from the words of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, himself observed fasting on the day of Ashura and commanded that (everyone else) do this (Al-Bukhari; Muslim)

It is narrated from the words of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, that (once) the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Indeed, if I live until the next (year), then I will definitely fast in the ninth (month)" ( Muslim)

You can't fast v holidays Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Adha and on Fridays (outside the month of Ramadan). Permanent Sunnat fasts, which are exhausting the body and can harm health, are not recommended.

It is narrated from the words of Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Do not single out Friday night among (other) nights for prayers and do not single out Friday among (other) days for (observing) fasting. , unless on the day of Friday falls the day of the usual fasting of one of you "(Muslim)

Allah Almighty knows best