Beta adrenoblocators what makes. Side effects when taking beta adrenoblockers. Side Effects of Alpha Adrenoblockers

23.07.2020 Insulin

Adrenoblocators constitute a large group of drugs that cause the blockade of receptors to adrenaline and norepinenguine. They are widely used in therapeutic and cardiological practice, are appointed everywhere patients of different ages, but mainly to the elderly people who are most likely to defeat vessels and hearts.

The functioning of organs and systems is subject to the action of various biologically active substances that affect certain receptors and cause certain changes - the expansion or narrowing of the vessels, a decrease or an increase in the strength of heart abbreviations, bronchial spasms, etc. In certain situations, these hormones are provided Excessive or there is a need to neutralize their effects due to the disease that has appeared.

Adrenaline and norepinephrine are highlighted by a brain layer of adrenal glands and have a wide range biological effects - narrowing of vessels, increase in pressure, increasing blood sugar, expansion of bronchi, relaxation of intestinal musculatory, expansion of pupils. These phenomena are possible due to the release of hormones in the peripheral nerve endings, from which the necessary impulses go to organs and tissues.

With various diseases, there is a need for adrenergic pulses blockade to eliminate the effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine. For this purpose, adrenoblastors are used, the mechanism of action of which is the blockade of adrenoreceptors, protein molecules to adrenaline and norerained, with the formation and allocation of hormone themselves is not violated.

Classification of adrenoblocking substances

Alfa-1 distinguish between alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 receptors located in vascular walls and heart. Depending on the variety of inactivable receptors, alpha and beta-adrenoblays are isolated.

Alpha-adrenoblockers include fantolamine, trapped, pyrroxyan, to the means that hinders the activity of beta receptors - anaprilin, labetalol, atenolol and others. Preparations of the first group are turned off only those effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine, which are mediated by alpha receptors, the second - respectively, beta-adrenoreceptors.

To increase the effectiveness of treatment and eliminate some side effects, selective adrenoblochemical substances have been developed, acting strictly to a certain type of receptors (α1,2, β1,2).

Groups of adrenoblocking products

Alpha adrenoblocators:
- α -1-adrenoblocators - prazosin, doxazozin;
- α -2-adrenoblays - yohimbin;
- α-1,2-adrenoblocators - fantolamine, pyrroxyan, niccoline.

Beta adrenoblocators:
- cardooselective (β-1) adrenoblays - atenolol, bisoprolol;
- non-selective β-1,2-adrenoblays - propranolol, sotalol, thymolol.

Blockers and alpha, and beta-adrenoreceptors - Labetalol, Carvedilol.

Alpha adrenoblocators

Alpha Adrenoblockers (Alfa-AB) blocking different types of alpha receptors act equally, realizing the same pharmacological effects, and the difference in their use is among them adverse Reactions, for obvious reasons, more than Alpha 1,2-blockers, because they are directed immediately to all adrenaline receptors.

Preparations of this group contribute to the expansion of vessels, What is especially noticeable in the skin, mucous membranes, intestinal wall, kidneys. With an increase in the capacitance of the peripheral blood circuit, the resistance of vascular walls is reduced and systemic blood pressure, so microcirculation and blood flow on the periphery of the circulatory system is much facilitated.

Reducing the venous return due to expansion and relaxation of the "periphery" contributes reducing the load on the heart, due to which its work becomes easier, and the state of the organ is improving. Alpha-adrenoblocators contribute to reducing the extent by facilitating the body's work, do not cause tachycardia, often occurring in the use of a number.

In addition to the vasodilatory and hypotensive effect, Alfa-AB for the better change the indicators of fat metabolism, contributing to a decrease in total and, increasing the concentration of anti-theaterogenic fat factions, so their appointment is possible in obesity and dislipoprotehemes of various origins.

When using α-blockers changes and carbohydrate exchange. Cells are becoming more sensitive to insulin, so sugar is better and more quickly assimilated, which prevents hyperglycemia and normalizes the indicator. This effect is very important for patients.

The special scope of the use of alpha-adrenoblockers is urological pathology. So, α-adrenoblocking drugs are actively used in prostate hyperplasia due to the ability to eliminate some of its symptoms (night urination, partial emptying bladder, a feeling of burning in the field of urethra).

Alpha-2-adrenoblockers have a weak effect on the vascular walls and the heart, therefore in cardiology are not popular, but in the process of clinical trials, a bright effect on the sexual sphere was observed. This fact has become a reason for their appointment during sexual dysfunction in men.

Indications for the use of alpha-AB are considered:

Peripheral blood flow disorders -, acricyanosis, diabetic microangiopathy);
Feochromocytoma;
Trophic lesions of soft fabrics of limbs, in particular, during atherosclerosis, frostbite, proleells;
The consequences of transferred, vascular dementia;
BPH;
Anesthesia and surgical operations - for the prevention of hypertensive crises.

Prazozin, Doxazozin Actively apply in hypertension therapy, Tamsulosin, Terasozin Effective with hyperplasia prostatic gland. Pirroxan has a sedative effect, improves sleep, relieves itching allergic dermatitis. In addition, due to the ability to coal the activity of the vestibular apparatus, the pyrroxyan can be appointed during marine and airborne illness. In drug practices, it is used to reduce the manifestations of the abolition of morphine and alcohol abstinence.

Nicercoline Used by neurologist doctors in the treatment, brain, is shown in sharp and chronic brain blood flow disorders, transient ischemic attacksmay be appointed with head injuries, for the prevention of migraine attacks. It has an excellent vasodilator effect, improves blood circulation in the limbs, therefore it is used in the pathology of the peripheral channel (Raino disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc.).

Beta adrenoblocators

Beta-adrenoblays (beta-ab) used in medicine are directed either on both types of beta receptors (1.2), or on beta-1. The first is called non-selective, second - selective. Selective beta-2-ab not used with therapeutic goalSince they do not have significant pharmacological effects, the rest are widespread.

basic action beta blockers

Beta-adrenoblocators have a wide range of effects associated with the inactivation of beta receptors of vessels and hearts. Some of them are capable not only to block, but also to some extent activate receptor molecules - the so-called internal simtomimetic activity. This property is noted for not selective drugsWhile selective beta-1-blockers are deprived.

Beta-adrenoblockers are widely used in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system -,. They reduce the frequency of heart cuts, reduce pressure, have an anesthetic effect with. With the oppression of Central nervous system Separate preparations are associated with a decrease in the concentration of attention, which is important for drivers of transport and persons engaged in intense physical and mental work. At the same time, this effect can be used for anxious disorders.

Non-selective beta blockers

Funds non-selective action Protect heart cuts, somewhat reduce total vascular peripheral resistance, have a hypotensive effect. The contractile activity of myocardium decreases, therefore, the amount of oxygen required for the operation is also becoming less, and, it means that hypoxia resistance increases (with, for example).

By reducing the tone of the vessels, the reduction of the emission of renin in the bloodstream is achieved by the hypotensive effect of beta-ab at hypertension. They have an antihypoxic and antithrombotic effect, reduce the activity of excitation centers in the conductive heart system, preventing arrhythmias.

Beta blockers tone a smooth muscles of bronchi, uterus, gastrointestinal tract And, at the same time, the bladder sphincter relax.

The relevant effects allow beta blockers to reduce the likelihood of and sudden coronary death, according to some data, half. Patients with ischemia hearts are noted that the attacks of pain become more rare, resistance to physical and mental loads increases. Hypertensive when receiving non-selective beta-abbecan risk and ischemia myocardium becomes less.

The ability to raise the tone of myometrium allows the use of drugs of this group in obstetric practice To prevent and treat atonic bleeding in childbirth, blood loss during operations.

Selective beta adrenoblockers

location of β-adrenoreceptors

Selective beta-adrenoblocators operate, first of all, on the heart. Their effect comes down to:

Heart rate gentlement;
Reduce the activity of the sinus node, conducting pathways and myocardium, due to which the antiarrhythmic effect is achieved;
Reduction of the required myocardium oxygen - antihypoxic effect;
Reduce systemic pressure;
Limit the focus of necrosis with heart attack.

When the bobbocators are prescribed, the load on the heart muscle and the amount of blood falling into the aort of the left ventricle at the moment of systole is reduced. In patients taking selective drugs, the risk of tachycardia is reduced when the position is changed from lying on the vertical.

The clinical effect of cardioslelective bats becomes a decrease in the frequency and severity of angina attacks, enhancing the resistance to physical and psycho-emotional loads. In addition to improving the quality of life, they reduce mortality from cardiac pathology, the likelihood of hypoglycemia in diabetes, spasm bronchi among asthmatics.

The list of selective beta-AB includes many items, including Atenolol, Acebotolol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol (Egil), Nebivolol. The non-selective blockers of adrerengic activity include Nadolol, Pindolol (Viscome), Propranolol (Anaprilin, Obizant), Timolol (eye drops).

Indications for the purpose of beta-blockers consider:

Increase systemic and intraocular (glaucoma) pressure;
Ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction);
Migraine warning;
Feochromocythy, thyrotoxicosis.

Beta-adrenoblays - a serious group of drugs that can be appointed only by a doctor, but in this case, side reactions are possible. Patients may experience headaches and dizziness, complain about bad Son., weakness, reduced emotional background. The side effect can be hypotension, heart rate demolition or its violation, allergic reactions, shortness of breath.

Non-selective beta-adrenobloclars among side effects have a risk of stopping the heart, visual impairment, fainting, signs of respiratory failure. Eye drops may cause irritation of the mucous membrane, the feeling of burning, tearing, inflammatory processes In the fabrics of the eye. All these symptoms require consultation from a specialist.

When prescribing beta-blockers, the doctor will always take into account the presence of contraindications, which is more in the case of selective drugs. It is impossible to prescribe substances blocking adrenoreceptors, patients with conduction pathology in the heart in the form of blockade, bradycardia, they are prohibited in cardiogenic shock, individual hypersensitivity to constituent drugs, acute or chronic decompensated heart failure, bronchial asthma.

Selective beta blockers are not appointed pregnant women and nursing mothers, as well as patients with pathology of distal blood flow.

Application of alpha-beta adrenoblockers

Preparations from the group α, β-adrenoblockers contribute to a decrease in systemic and intraocular pressure, improve the fat metabolism (reduce the concentration of cholesterol and its derivatives, increase the proportion of anti-theaterogenic lipoproteins in the blood plasma). Expanding the vessels, reducing the pressure and load on myocardium, they do not affect the blood flow in the kidneys and the total peripheral vascular resistance.

Drugs acting on two types of receptors to adrenaline increase the reduction of myocardium, due to which the left ventricle completely throws the entire blood volume in the aorta at the moment of reduction. This influence is important with increasing the heart, expanding its cavities, which often happens during heart failure, heart defects.

When prescribing patients with heart failure, α, β-adrenoblochemical substances improve the work of the heart, making patients with more resistant to physical and emotional efforts, prevent tachycardia, and the attacks of angina with pain in the heart become stronger.

Holding a positive impact, first of all, on the muscle of the heart, α, β-adrenoblockers reduce mortality and risk of complications in acute myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy. The reason to their destination is considered:

Hypertonic disease, including, at the time of the crisis;
Stagnant heart failure - in a complex with other groups of drugs according to the scheme;
Chronic heap ischemia in the form of a stable angina;
Some types of heart rhythm disorders;
An increase in intraocular pressure is used locally in drops.

While taking drugs of this group, side effects are possible, which reflect the effect of the drug on both types of receptors - and alpha, and beta:

Dizziness and headache associated with a decrease in blood pressure are fainting;
Weakness, feeling of fatigue;
Defendment of heart cuts, deterioration of the conductivity of pulses by myocardium up to the blockade;
Depressive states;
Changes in blood indicators - a decrease in leukocytes and platelets, which is fraught with bleeding;
Swelling and improving body weight;
Shortness of breath and spasm of bronchi;
Allergic reactions.

This is an incomplete list possible effectswhich the patient can read all information in the instructions for use to a specific medicine. Do not panic, finding such an impressive list of probable adverse reactions, because the frequency of their occurrence is low and usually treatment is moved well. If there are contraindications to specific substances, the doctor will be able to pick up another means with the same mechanism of action, but safe for the patient.

Alpha-beta adrenoblockers can be used in the form of droplets for the treatment of increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma). The probability of system action is small, but still it is worth keeping some possible manifestations Treatment: hypotension and gesting geases, bronchi spasm, shortness of breath, feeling of heartbeat and weakness, nausea, allergic reactions. When these symptoms appear, it is necessary to urgently go to an ophthalmologist for therapy correction.

Like any other drug group, α, β-adrenoblays have contraindications to the application, which are aware of therapists, cardiologists and other doctors using them in their practice.

These funds can not be prescribed to patients with impaired pulses in the heart (synoatrial blockade, AB blockade 2-3 degrees, sinus bradycardia At the pulse rate less than 50 per minute), as they will further exacerbate the disease. Due to the effect of pressure reduction, these drugs do not apply in hypotoniki, with cardiogenic shock, decompensated heart failure.

Individual intolerance, allergies, severe liver damage, bronchial obstruction disease (asthma, obstructive bronchitis) are also an obstacle to the use of adreno-blocking agents.

Alpha-beta-adrenoblockers are not appointed by future mothers and lactating women due to a possible negative action on the fruit and the body of the chest baby.

The list of drugs with beta-adrenoblocking effects is very wide, they are taken by a large number of patients with cardiovascular pathology around the world. For high efficiencyThey usually endured well, relatively rarely give adverse reactions and can be appointed for a long time.

Like any other medicine, the beta blocker cannot be used independently, without controlling the doctor, Even if it helps reduce pressure or eliminate tachycardia in a close relative or neighbor. Before applying such drugs, a thorough examination is needed to establish an accurate diagnosis to eliminate the risk of adverse reactions and complications, as well as consultation of the therapist, cardiologist, an ophthalmologist.

How do beta blockers work?
Modern beta blockers: list

Modern beta adrenoblockers are preparations that are prescribed for cardiovascular therapy, in particular hypertension. There is a wide range of drugs of this group. It is imperative that the treatment prescribed exclusively the doctor. Self-treatment is categorically prohibited!

Beta adrenoblays: purpose

Beta blockers are a very important group of drugs that are prescribed to patients with hypertension and heart disease. The mechanism of operation of drugs is to exposed to the sympathetic nervous system. Drugs of this group belong to the most important means of treating diseases such as:

Also, the purpose of this group of drugs is justified in the treatment of patients with marfane syndrome, migraine, abstineent syndrome, prolapse mitral valve, aortic aneurysm and in the case of vegetative crises. Prescribing drugs should exclusively by the doctor after a detailed inspection, diagnosis of the patient and collecting complaints. Despite the free access of medicines in pharmacies, in no way can you independently select medicines. Therapy of beta-blockers is a complex and serious event that can ease the life of the patient, and significantly harm it with incorrect appointment.

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Beta adrenoblays: varieties

The list of drugs of this group is very extensive.

It is customary to allocate the following groups of Beta-Adrenaline receptor blockers:

less slows down the frequency of heart cuts;
the pump function of the heart is not so reduced;
less increases peripheral vessel resistance;
the risk of atherosclerosis is not so great, since the effect on the level of cholesterol in the blood is minimal.

At the same time, both varieties of medicines are equally effective in reducing pressure. Side effects from the reception of these drugs are also less.

The list of drugs that possess sympathomimetic activity: SECTRAL, Cordanum, celiprolol (from cardioslective group), Alprengolo, trashcore (from a group of non-selective).

The following medicines do not have this property: Cardooselective medicines Betaxolol (Locase), Bisoprolol, Concorc, Metoprolol (Vasocordin, Enhylok), Nebivolol (University) and non-selective Nadolol (Corgard), Anaprilin (Inderal).

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Lipo and hydrophilic drugs

Another type of blockers. Lipophilic medicines dissolve in fats. If you get into the body, these medicines are largely processed by the liver. The effect of drugs of this species is sufficiently short-term, since they are quickly derived from the body. At the same time, they are distinguished by the best penetration through the hematostephalic barrier, through which nutrients undergo the brain and wear the waste of nervous tissue. In addition, a smaller percentage of mortality among patients with ischemia has been proved, which took lipophilic blockers. However, these drugs have side effects on the CNS, cause insomnia, depressive states.

Hydrophilic drugs are well soluble in water. They do not pass the process of metabolism in the liver, and are reduced to a greater extent through the kidneys, that is, with urine. In this case, the type of medication is not subject to change. Hydrophilic preparations have a prolonged effect, since it is not very quickly removed from the body.

Some medications have properties of both lipot and hydrophilic, that is, the same successfully dissolve both in fats and in water. This property has bisoprolol. This is especially important in cases where the patient has problems with kidney or liver: the body "chooses" for the withdrawal of the medication that system that is in a healthier condition.

Typically, lipophilic blockers are taken regardless of food intake, and hydrophilic blockers are taken before meals and drinking a large volume of water.

The selection of beta blockers is an archiving and very difficult task, since the choice of a particular medication depends on many factors. All these factors can only take into account a qualified specialist. Modern pharmacology has a wide range really effective drugstherefore the most important priority task of the patient is to find good doctorwhich competently selects adequate for a particular patient treatment and will determine which medicines will be better for him. Only in this case, drug therapy will bring the result and in the literal sense of the word will extend the life of the patient.

Today it is difficult to imagine cardiology without the use of funds that belong to the category of beta blockers. These medicines have proven themselves in the treatment of such complex diseases as hypertension, tachycardia, heart failure. They proved their effectiveness in the practice of therapy of ischemic heart disease and metabolic syndrome.

What is beta blockers

This term is called drugs with which it turns out to be reversible blocking? -Adrenergic receptors. These funds are effective in hypertension therapy, as they affect the work of the sympathetic nervous system.

These drugs are widely used in medicine since the sixties of the last century. It must be said that due to their discovery, the effectiveness of heart pathology therapy has increased significantly.

Classification of beta blockers

Despite the fact that all medicines included in this group are distinguished by the possibility of blocking adrenoreceptors, they are divided into different categories.

Classification is carried out depending on the subspecies of receptors and other characteristics.

Selective and non-selective means

There are two varieties of receptors - beta1 and beta2. Preparations from a group of beta-blockers that are equally affected by both types are called non-selective.

Those drugs whose action is directed to beta1 receptors, called selective. The second name is cardioslective.

To such means can be attributed bisoprolol, metoprolol.

It is worth noting that as the dosage increases, the specificity of the medication is reduced. This means that it begins to block two receptors at once.

Lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs

Lipophilic remedies come into a group of fat-soluble. They are easier penetrated through the barrier located between the blood and central nervous systems. The processing of such drugs is actively involved in the liver. This group includes metoprolol, propranolol.

Hydrophilic agents are easily dissolved in water. They are not so recycled by the liver and are removed almost in its original form. Such means have a longer impact, since longer are in the body. To them should be attributed atenolol and esmolol.

Alpha and beta blockers

The name of alpha blockers received those drugs that temporarily suspend work? -Adrenoreceptors. They are widely used as auxiliary with hypertension therapy.

We also enjoy them in the case of prostate adenoma as a means of improving urination. This category includes doxazozin, terasosin.

Beta blockers carry out blocking? -Adrenoreceptors. This category can be attributed metoprolol, propranolol.

Concor

This preparation includes a valid enthussed bisoprolol. It should be attributed to the category of metabolically neutral beta blockers, since it does not cause violations of lipid or carbohydrate metabolism.

When using this fund, the level of glucose does not change and hypoglycemia is not observed.

New generation beta blockers

To date, there are three generations of such drugs. Of course, it is preferable to use the means of a new generation. They need to be used only once a day.

In addition, they are associated with a small number of side effects. New beta blockers include carvedilol., coleiprolol.

Scope of beta blockers

These funds are quite successfully applied in various violations in the heart.

With hypertension

With the help of beta blockers manage to prevent bad influence Sympathetic nervous system for the work of the heart. Due to this, it is possible to facilitate its functioning, reduce the need for oxygen.

Due to this, the load is significantly reduced and, as a result, pressure is reduced. In the case of hypertension shows carvedilol., bisoprolol.

For tachycardia

The tools greatly reduce the frequency of heart cuts. That is why in the case of tachycardia, with an indicator of more than 90 beats, the beta blockers are prescribed per minute. The most effective means in this case include bisoprolol, propranolol.

With myocardial infarction

With the help of beta-blockers, it is possible to limit the area of \u200b\u200bnecrosis, reduce the risk of recurrence, protect myocardium from the toxic effect of hypercathecholamine.

Also these drugs reduce the risk sudden death, Help to increase endurance during exercise, reduce the likelihood of arrhythmias and have a clearly pronounced antiagonal effect.

In the first day after a heart attack apply anaprin, The use of which is shown the following two years, subject to the absence of side effects. If there are contraindications, prescribe cardooselective drugs - for example, cordanum.

With diabetes

Patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from heart pathologies must necessarily use these drugs. It should be borne in mind that non-selective tools lead to an increase in the metabolic response to insulin. That is why they are not recommended to use them.

High-selective beta blockers do not have a negative action. Moreover, drugs such as carvedilol. and nebivolcan improve lipid and carbohydrate exchanges. They also make tissues more susceptible to insulin.

In heart failure

These drugs are shown to treat patients with heart failure. Initially, a small dose of a medicine is prescribed, which gradually increase. As the most efficient means carvedilol..

Instructions for use

Structure

As active substance In such preparations, as a rule, Atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol, thymolol, bisoprolol, etc. are used.

Auxiliary substances can be different and depend on the manufacturer and form of release. drug. Starch, magnesium stearate, calcium hydrophosphate, dyes, etc. can be used.

Mechanism of action

These drugs may have different mechanisms. The difference is used by the active substance.

The main role of beta-blockers is to prevent cardiotoxic action of catecholamines.

The following mechanisms have important meaning:

Antihypertensive effect. It is associated with stopping the formation of renin and the production of angiotensin II. As a result, it is possible to release norepinephrine and reduce central vasomotor activity.
Anti-Hicemic effect. Due to the decrease in the number of heartbreaks, it is possible to reduce the need for oxygen.
Antiarrhythmic action. As a result of direct electrophysiological action on the heart, it is possible to reduce sympathetic influences and myocardial ischemia. Also, by such substances, it is possible to prevent hypokalemia induced by catecholamines.

Separate drugs may have antioxidant characteristics, suppress the proliferation of smooth muscle vessel cells.

Indications for use

Such drugs are usually prescribed at:

arrhythmias;
hypertension;
heart failure;
the syndrome of the elongated interval Qt.

Mode of application

Before taking the drug, you must inform the doctor if you are pregnant. Important value has the fact of pregnancy planning.

Also, a specialist should be aware of the presence of such pathologies as arrhythmia, emphysema, asthma, bradycardia.

Beta blockers take during eating or immediately after it. Due to this, it is possible to minimize the likely side effects. The duration and frequency of drug intake should be determined exclusively by a specialist.

During the period of use, it is sometimes necessary to monitor the pulse. If you noted that its frequency is below the desired indicator, you need to notify the doctor immediately.

It is also very important to be regularly observed at a specialist who will be able to assess the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment and its side effects.

Side effects

Preparations have quite a few side effects:

Constant fatigue.
Reducing the rhythm of the heart.
Asthma exacerbation.
Heart blocks.
Toxic impact.
Reduced LDL cholesterol.
Reducing blood sugar.
The threat of pressure growth after the cancellation of the drug.
Heart attacks.

There are conditions in which the reception of such drugs is quite dangerous:

diabetes;
depression;
obstructive pathology of the lungs;
disturbances of peripheral arteries;
dislipidemia;
dysfunction of the sinus node flowing without symptoms.

Contraindications

There are also contraindications to the use of such funds:

Bronchial asthma.
Individual sensitivity.
Atrioventricular blockade of the second or third degree.
Bradycardia.
Cardiogenic shock.
Sinus node weakness syndrome.
Pathology of peripheral arteries.
Low pressure.

Interaction with other drugs

Some medicines can interact with beta-blockers and strengthen their effect.

You need to tell a doctor if you accept:

Means from ARVI.
Medicines for the treatment of hypertension.
Tools for diabetes therapy, including insulin.
Inhibitors of Mao.

Form release

Such preparations can be produced in the form of tablets or injection solutions.

Storage conditions

These drugs should be stored at a temperature not exceeding twenty-five degrees. It is necessary to do it in a dark place, outside the children's access zone.

It is impossible to use medicines after their expiration date has expired.

Overdose drugs

There are distinctive signs of overdose:

, loss of consciousness;
arrhythmia;
sudden bradycardia;
akricyanosis;
coma, convulsive state.

Depending on the symptoms, such drugs are prescribed as first aid:

In the case of heart failure, diuretics are prescribed, as well as cardiac glycosides.
When reduced pressure Adjoin Adrenaline and Meston.
In Bradycardia, Atropine, Dopamine, Dobutamine is shown.
In bronchospasm, isoproterenol, aminoophyllin is used.

Beta blockers and alcohol

Alcoholic beverages can reduce the positive effect of the use of beta blockers. Therefore, during the course of treatment, alcohol is not recommended.

Beta blockers and pregnancy

Atenolol and metoprolol are most secure during this period. Moreover, these funds are prescribed, as a rule, only during the third trimester of pregnancy.

It should be borne in mind that such drugs can cause fetal growth delay - especially if they take them in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

Cancellation of beta blockers

The sharp cancellation of any drug is extremely undesirable. This is due to an increase in the threat of sharp heartcards. This phenomenon is called "Cancellation Syndrome".

As a result, the cutting cancellation can significantly increase blood pressure and even develop.

In people suffering from angina, there may increase the intensity of angial episodes.

Patients with heart failure can complain about the symptoms of decompensation. Therefore, the reduction in the dose should be made gradually - this is carried out within a few weeks. It is very important to control the patient's health status.

List of used drugs

The best beta blockers today are:

bisoprolol;
carvedilol;
metoprolol succinate;
nebivolol.

However, only a doctor should assign a beta block. Moreover, it is recommended to choose the new generation medicines.

According to patient reviews, it is modern drugs The beta-blockers of the new generation cause a minimum of side effects and help to cope with the problem, without leading to the deterioration of the quality of life.

Where you can buy beta blockers

You can buy beta-blockers in a pharmacy, but some drugs are sold only by a doctor's prescription. The average price of beta-blockers pills is about 200-300 rubles.

What can be replaced by beta blockers

At the initial stage of treatment, doctors do not advise to replace beta-blockers by other medicines. If you do it yourself, there is a serious risk of myocardial infarction.

When the patient feels improved, you can gradually reduce the dosage. However, it follows under constant medical control. An adequate replacement of beta blockers can be chosen only by a specialist.

Beta blockers proved their effectiveness in the treatment of many heart pathologies. However, the therapy gives the desired results, it is recommended to use the means of a new generation and strictly adhere to all the prescriptions of the specialist.

This will allow you not only to cope with the symptoms of pathology, but also do not harm your own health.

The video will make it possible to more accurately understand what place the beta blockers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases occupy:

Thank you

The site provides reference information solely to familiarize yourself. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is obligatory!

Adrenoblocators There are a group of drugs combined by a common pharmacological action - the ability to neutralize adrenaline receptors of blood vessels and hearts. That is, the adrenobloclars "turn off" receptors, which are in the usual state react to adrenaline and norepinephrine. Accordingly, the effects of adrenoblockers are completely opposite to those in adrenaline and norepinephrine.

general characteristics

Adrenoblocators act on adrenoreceptors, which are located in the walls of blood vessels and in the heart. Actually, this group of preparations received its name from the fact that they block the effect of adrenoreceptors.

Normally, when adrenoreceptors are free, adrenaline or norepinephrine, which appeared in the bloodstream can affect them. Adrenaline when binding to adrenoreceptors provokes the following effects:

Vasoconstrictor (abruptly narrows the clearance of blood vessels);
Hypertensive (blood pressure increases);
Antiallergic;
Broncholitical (expanding the lumen of the bronchi);
Hyperglycemic (increases blood glucose levels).

The drugs of the adrenoblocators group, as it were, turn off the adrenoreceptors and, accordingly, have an action directly opposite to adrenaline, that is, expand blood vessels, reduce blood pressure, narrow the lumen of the bronchi and reduce the level of glucose in the blood. Naturally, these are the most common effects of adrenoblockers inherent in all drugs without exception. pharmacological group.

Classification

In the walls of blood vessels there are four types of adrenoreceptors - it is alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2, which are commonly referred to as: alpha-1-adrenoreceptors, alpha-2-adrenoreceptors, beta-1-adrenoreceptors and beta -2-adrenoreceptors. Adrenoblator groups can be turned off different kinds receptors, for example, only beta-1-adrenoreceptors or alpha-1,2-adrenoreceptors, etc. Adrenoblays are divided into several groups, depending on which kinds of adrenoreceptors they turn off.

So, adrenoblays are classified into the following groups:

1. Alpha adrenoblocators:

Alpha-1-adrenobloclars (Alfuzosin, Doxazozin, Prazozin, Silodosin, Tsamulosin, Terasozin, Ureradil);
Alpha-2-adrenoblays (yohimbin);
Alfa-1,2-adrenobloclars (Nicergoline, fantolamine, prophest, dihydroergotamine, dihydroeergocritine, alpha dihydroergocriptine, dihydroergotoxin).

2. Beta adrenoblocators:

Beta-1,2-adrenoblays (also called non-selective) - bopindolol, methipranolol, supolyol, oxporalolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, thymolol;
Beta-1-adrenoblocators (also called cardioslective or simply selective) - Atenolol, Acebotolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, metoprolol, Nebivolol, Talinolol, Coleiprolol, Esetenolol, Esmolol.

3. Alpha Beta Adrenoblockers (Alpha and beta-adrenoreceptors are turned off at the same time) - butmethyloxadiazole (proxodolol), carvedilol, labetalol.

In this classification, see international names active substances included with the composition of drugs belonging to each group of adrenoblockers.

Each group of beta-adrenobloclockers is also divided into two types - with internal sympathomimetic activity (BCA) or without BCA. However, this classification is auxiliary, and only doctors are needed to select the optimal drug.

Adrenoblays - list

We give lists of drugs of each group of adrenobloclars (alpha and beta) separately to avoid confusion. In all the lists, first indicate the name of the active substance (INN), and then below - the commercial names of the drugs, which include this current component.

Alpha-adrenoblocators

We give lists of alpha-adrenoblockers of various subgroups in different lists for the easiest and structured search for the necessary information.

To preparations of the group of alpha-1-adrenoblockers The following are:

1. Alfuzosin (MNN):

Alphuprost MR;
Alfuzosin;
Alfuzosine hydrochloride;
Dalfaz;
Dalfaz Retard;
Dalfaz cf.

2. Doxazozin (MNN):

Artesin;
Artesin Retard;
Doxazozin;
Doxazozin Belopeo;
Doxazozin Zentiv;
Doxazozin Sandoz;
Doxazozin-ratiopharm;
Doxazozin Teva;
Doxazozin mesylate;
Zoxon;
Camirev;
Camiree Chl;
Cardura;
Cardura neo;
Tonokardin;
Urocard.

3. Prazozin (MNN):

Polpressin;
Prazozin.

4. Silodosin (MNN):

Uroryek.

5. Tamsulosin (MNN):

Hyperprost;
Glanxin;
Miktosin;
Okar Okarnik;
Omnik;
Osulosin;
Profilities;
Sonizin;
Tamselin;
Tamsulosin;
Tsamulosin Retard;
Tamsulosin Sandoz;
Tamsulosin-OBL;
Tamsulosin Teva;
Tamsulosine hydrochloride;
Tsamulon FS;
The tile of Eras;
Taste to;
Tulozin;
Focusing.

6. Terasozin (MNN):

Kannam;
Netgis;
Terasozin;
Tezosin Teva;
Heitrin.

7. URAPIDIL (INN):

Upperidil Carino;
Ebrac.

To the drugs of the group of alpha-2-adrenoblockers These are yochimbin and yohimbin hydrochloride.

To preparations of the group of alpha-1,2-adrenoblockers The following drugs include:

1. Dihydroergotoxin (a mixture of dihydroergotamine, dihydroergocritine and alpha dihydroergocriptine):

Redergin.

2. Dihydroergotamine:

Ditomin.

3. Nicercoline:

Nilogrin;
Nicercoline;
Nicergolin-Feren;
Sermion.

4. Prophest:

Pirroxan;
Program.

5. Fentolamine:

Fantolamine.

Beta adrenoblays - list

Since there are quite a large amount of drugs into each group of beta-adrenoblockers, we give their lists separately for easier perception and search for the desired information.

Selective beta adrenobloclars (beta-1-adrenobloclars, selective adrenoblays, cardiolective adrenoblocators). In brackets lists the generally accepted names of this pharmacological group of adrenobloclars.

So, the following drugs include selective beta-adrenoblocators:

1. Atenolol:

Atenoben;
Atenova;
Atenol;
Atenolan;
Atenolol;
Atenolol-Agio;
Atenolol-AKOS;
Atenolol-acry;
Atenolol Belupo;
Atenolol Nikomed;
Atenolol Ratiopharm;
Atenolol Teva;
Atenolol UFF;
Atenolol FPO;
Atenolol staff;
Atenosan;
Betacard;
Welorin 100;
Vero Atenolol;
Ormidol;
Prurry;
Sinar;
Tenornism.

2. Acebutolol:

Acecor;
SECTRAL.

3. Betaxolol:

Betak;
Betaxolol;
Betalmik EU;
Betoptics;
Betoptic C;
Bethofan;
Kohsonf;
Kohsonf BK;
Lochers;
Optibetol.

4. Bisoprolol:

Aritel;
Aritel Cor;
Bidop;
Bidop Cor;
Biol;
Biprol;
Bisogamma;
Bisocard;
Bisomor;
Bisoprolol;
Bisoprolol-OBL;
Bisoprolol Lexvm;
Bisoprolol Luga;
Bisoprolol Prana;
Bisoprolol-Ratiopharm;
Bisoprolol C3;
Bisoprolol TEV;
Bisoprolol Fumarat;
Concorder;
Corbis;
Cordinorm;
Cordinorm Cor;
Coronal;
Nipend;
Throwing.

5. Metoprolol:

Betalki;
Botok Zok;
Vasocordin;
Corvitol 50 and Corvitol 100;
Metozok;
Metocardial;
Metokor ADIFARM;
Metolol;
Metoprolol;
Metoprolol acri;
Metoprolol Akrichin;
Metoprolol zentiv;
Metoprolol organizing;
Metoprolol OBL;
Metoprolol-ratiopharm;
Metoprolol succinate;
Metoprolol tartrate;
Doll;
Egilot Retard;
Aegil C;
Emzoc.

6. Nebivolol:

Bivotenz;
Binelol;
Nebivator;
Nebivolol;
Nebivolt Nanolek;
Nebivolt Sandoz;
Nebivolol TEV;
Nebivolt Chaikafarma;
Nebivolt Stad;
Nonbivolol hydrochloride;
Nehibika ADIFARM;
Nebin Lannanber;
Hail;
Non-boron;
One-sky.

7. Talinolol:

Cordanum.

8. Coleiprolol:

Coleiprol.

9. Estenolol:

Estecor.

10. Esmolol:

Score.

Non-selective beta adrenobloclars (beta-1,2-adrenoblocators). The following drug preparations include this group:

1. Bopindolol:

Sandonorm.

2. Methipranolol:

Trimpranol.

3. Nadolol:

Corgard.

4. Sleprenolol:

Trashcor.

5. Pindolol:

Wqquen

6. Propranolol:

Anaprilin;
Vero Anaprilin;
Inderal;
Inderal La;
Obizant;
REPREDOBEN;
Propranolol;
Propranolol Nicomed.

7. Sotalol:

Derrift;
Sothageksal;
Cotilex;
Satolol;
Satalol canon;
Satolol hydrochloride.

8. Timolol:

Aruthimol;
Glamol;
Stoods;
Kuzimolol;
Niolol;
Okumed;
Okumol;
Okupz e;
Optimol;
Offantan Timogel;
Offanta Timolol;
Ophtenasin;
Timogexal;
Thymol;
Timolol;
Timolol AKOS;
Timolol Betale;
Timolol buffus;
Timolol Dia;
Timolol Lance;
Timolol Maz;
Timolol pos;
Timolol Teva;
Timolol Maleat;
Timollon;
Timoptic;
Timoptic depot.

Alpha-beta-adrenoblockers (preparations, turning and alpha, and beta-adrenoreceptors)

The drugs include the following:

1. Butylamine hydroxipropoxyphenoxymethyl methyloxadiazole:

Albetor;
Albetor Long;
Butymethyloxadiazole;
Proxodol.

2. Carvedilol:

Acridylol;
Baguodilla;
Vedicardol;
Dilatrend;
Carvedigamma;
Carvedilol;
Karvedilol Zentiva;
Carvedilol canon;
Carvedilol Obolenskoe;
Carvedilol Sandoz;
Carvedilol TEV;
Carvedilol Stad;
Carvedilol-OBL;
Carvedilol pharmaclant;
Karvenal;
Karvendrend;
Carvidyl;
Cardivas;
Coriol;
CREDEX;
Rekardium;
Talliton.

3. Labetalol:

Abetol;
Amipress;
Labetol;
Trandol.

Beta-2-adrenobloclars

Drugs that are isolated entirely by beta-2-adrenoreceptors, currently does not exist. Previously produced the drug Butoxamine, which is a beta-2-adrenoblocker, but today it is not used in medical practice and is of interest exclusively for experimenter scientists specializing in pharmacology, organic synthesis, etc.

There are only non-selective beta-adrenoblays, which are simultaneously off and beta-1, and beta-2 adrenoreceptors. However, since there are also selective adrenoblays that turn off exclusively beta-1-adrenoreceptors, then non-selective are often called beta-2-adrenobloclars. This name is incorrect, but quite widespread in everyday life. Therefore, when the "beta-2-adrenoblasts" say, it is necessary to know that it is meant a group of non-selective beta-1,2-adrenoblockers.

Act

Since shutdown different types Adrenoreceptors lead to the development of general, but excellent in some aspects of effects, then consider the action of each type of adrenoblastors separately.

Alfa-adrenoblator

Alpha-1-adrenobloclars and alpha-1,2-adrenoblockers provide the same pharmachologic effect. And differ from each other drugs of these groups by side effects, which in alpha-1,2-adrenobloclars are usually more, and they occur more often compared to alpha-1-adrenoblockers.

Thus, drugs of these groups expand the vessels of all organs, and especially the skin, mucous membranes, intestines and kidneys. Due to this, the total peripheral resistance of blood vessels decreases, the bloodstream and blood supply to peripheral tissues are improved, and blood pressure is reduced. Due to the reduction in the peripheral resistance of the vessels and reduce the amount of blood, which returns to the atrium from the vein (venous return), significantly decreases to post-load on the heart, which greatly facilitates its operation and has a positive effect on the state of this organ. By summing up foregoing, it can be concluded that alpha-1-adrenoblays and alpha-1,2-adrenoblays have the following:

Reduce blood pressure, reduce the total peripheral resistance of vessels and post-loading on the heart;
Expand small veins and reduce preload on the heart;
Improve blood circulation both throughout the body and in the heart muscle;
Improve the condition of people suffering from chronic heart failure, reducing the severity of symptoms (shortness of breath, pressure jumps, etc.);
Reduce pressure in the pulmonary circulation circle;
Reduce the level of total cholesterol and low density lipoproteins (LDL), but increase the content of high density lipoproteins (HDL);
The sensitivity of cells to insulin increases, due to which glucose is faster and more efficient, and its blood concentration is reduced.

Thanks to the specified pharmacological effects Alpha-adrenoblockers reduce blood pressure without the development of reflector heartbeat, and also reduce the severity of the hyperrophy of the left ventricle of the heart. Preparations effectively lower the isolated elevated systolic pressure (first digit), including combined with obesity, hyperlipidemia and reduced glucose tolerance.

In addition, alpha-adrenoblockers reduce the severity of the symptoms of inflammatory and obstructive processes in the urinary organs caused by the hyperplasia of the prostate gland. That is, drugs eliminate or reduce the severity of incomplete emptying of the bladder, night urinals, frequent urination and burning in urination.

Alpha-2-adrenobloclars slightly affect blood vessels internal organs, including hearts, they act mainly on the vascular system of genital organs. That is why alpha-2-adrenoblays have a very narrow scope of application - treatment of impotence in men.

The effect of non-selective beta-1,2-adrenoblockers

Reduce heart rate;
Reduce blood pressure and moderately reduce the total peripheral resistance of vessels;
Reduce myocardial reduction;
Reduce the needs of the heart muscle in oxygen and increase the stability of its cells to oxygen starvation (ischemia);
Reduce the degree of activity of foci of excitation in the conductive system of the heart and, thereby preventing the arrhythmias;
Reduce the production of renin kidneys, which also leads to a decrease in blood pressure;
At the initial stages of application, the tone of blood vessels increases, but then it decreases to normal or even lower;
Prevent thrombocyte sticking and the formation of thrombus;
Improve the return of oxygen from erythrocytes to organs and tissue cells;
Enhance the reductions of the myometrium (muscular layer of the uterus);
Increase the tone of the bronchi and the esophageal sphincter;
Reinforce the motorcycle organs of the digestive tract;
Relax the difts of the bladder;
Slow formation of active forms of thyroid hormones in peripheral tissues (only some beta-1,2-adrenobloclars).

Thanks to these pharmacological effects, non-selective beta-1,2-adrenoblockers reduce the risk of re-infarction and sudden cardiac death by 20-50% in people suffering from IHD or heart failure. In addition, with IHD, drugs of this group reduce the frequency of angina attacks and pain in the heart, improve the tolerability of physical, mental and emotional load. In hypertension, drugs of this group reduce the risk of developing IBS and stroke.

In women, non-selective beta blockers enhance the cutting of the uterus and reduce blood loss in childbirth or after operations.

In addition, due to the impact on the peripheral vessels, non-selective beta-blockers reduce intraocular pressure and reduce moisture products in the front chamber of the eye. This effect of drugs is used in the treatment of glaucoma and other eye diseases.

The effect of selective (cardioslective) beta-1-adrenoblockers

Preparations of this group have the following pharmacological effects:

Reduce heart rate (heart rate);
Reduce the automatism of the sinus node (rhythm driver);
Conduct the performance of the pulse by an atrioventricular node;
Reduce the reduction and excitability of the heart muscle;
Reduce heart need in oxygen;
Suppress the effects of adrenaline and norepinephrine on the heart under conditions of physical, mental or emotional load;
Reduce blood pressure;
Normalize heartbeat at arrhythmias;
Limit and counteract the distribution of damage zone with myocardial infarction.

Due to these pharmacological effects, selective beta-blockers reduce the amount of blood emitted by the heart in the aorta in one reduction, reduce blood pressure and prevent ortostatic tachycardia (rapid heartbeat in response to a sharp transition from sitting sitting or lying in standing). Also, drugs slow down the heart rate and reduce their strength by reducing the heart rate in oxygen. In general, selective beta-1-adrenobloclars reduce the frequency and severity of the CHA seizures, improve the portability of loads (physical, mental and emotional) and significantly reduce mortality in people suffering from heart failure. These effects of drugs lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life of people suffering from CDS, dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as myocardial infarction and stroke.

In addition, beta-1-adrenobloclars eliminate arrhythmia and narrowing of the lumen of small vessels. In people suffering from bronchial asthma, reduce the risk of bronchospasm, and during diabetes, there is a possibility of the development of hypoglycemia ( low level Sugar in blood).

Alfa-beta-adrenoblocators

Preparations of this group have the following pharmacological effects:

Reduce blood pressure and reduce the total peripheral resistance of the vessels;
Reduce intraocular pressure with open-hearted glaucoma;
The lipidogram indicators normalize (reduce the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins, but increase the concentration of high density lipoproteins).

Thanks to these pharmacological effects of alpha-beta-adrenoblockers, there is a powerful hypotensive effect (reduce pressure), expand blood vessels and reduce the post-load on the heart. In contrast to beta-adrenoblockers, drugs of this group reduce blood pressure, without changing the renal blood flow and without increasing the total peripheral resistance of the vessels.

In addition, alpha-beta-adrenoblockers improve the contractile ability of myocardium, due to which the blood does not remain in the left ventricle after the reduction, and in full volume is ejected to the aorta. This helps to reduce the size of the heart and reduces the degree of its deformation. Due to the improvement of the heart of the heart, the drugs of this group during stagnation of heart failure increase the severity and volume of portable physical, mental and emotional loads, reduce the heart rate and EDC attacks, and also normalize the cardiac index.

The use of alpha-beta-adrenobloclocators reduces mortality and risk of re-infarction in people suffering from IBS or dilatation cardiomyopathy.

Application

Consider the testimony and scope of the use of various groups of adrenoblastors separately to avoid confusion.

Indications for the use of alpha adrenoblockers

Since drugs subgroups of alpha-adrenobloclockers (alpha-1, alpha-2 and alpha-1,2) have different mechanisms of action and somewhat differ from each other in the nuances of the impact on the vessels, then the spheres of their use and, accordingly, the readings are also different.

Alpha-1-adrenoblays Showing for use in the following states and diseases:

Hypertensive disease (in order to reduce blood pressure);
Benignant prostate gland hyperplasia.

Alpha-1,2-adrenoblays Showing for use in the presence of the following states or diseases in humans:

Disturbances of peripheral blood circulation (for example, Reino disease, endarterite, etc.);
Dementia (dementia) due to a vascular component;
Vertigo and disorders of the vestibular apparatus caused by a vascular factor;
Diabetic angiopathy;
Dystrophic diseases of the corneal of the eye;
Neuropathy spectator nervedue to its ischemia (oxygen starvation);
Prostate hypertrophy;
Urination disorders on the background of the neurogenic bladder.

Alpha 2-adrenoblays Apply exclusively for the treatment of impotence in men.

The use of beta adrenoblockers (testimony)

Selective and non-selective beta-adrenoblays have somewhat different from each other testimony and scope of application, which is due to differences in certain nuances of their impact on the heart and vessels.

Indications for the use of non-selective beta-1,2-adrenoblockers Next:

Arterial hypertension ;
Angina stress;
Sinus tachycardia;
Prevention of ventricular and supersparrine arrhythmias, as well as bigemia, trigemia;
Mitral valve prolapse;
Myocardial infarction;
Migraine Prevention;
Increased intraocular pressure.

Indications for the use of selective beta-1-adrenoblocators. This adrenoblator group is also called cardioslelective, since, mainly, they affect the heart, and to a much lesser extent on the vessels and the size of blood pressure.

Cardooselective beta-1-adrenoblastors are shown to use if a person has the following diseases or states:

Arterial hypertension of medium or low severity;
Coronary artery disease;
Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome;
Different types of arrhythmias (sinus, paroxysmal, sucanementaricular tachycardia, extrasystolia, fluttering or flickering atrial, atrial tachycardia);
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy;
Mitral valve prolapse;
Myocardial infarction (treatment of the already occurred infarction and prophylaxis of repeated);
Migraine Prevention;
Neurocirculatory dystonia by hypertensive type;
In complex therapy of feochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis and tremor;
Akatizya, provoked by the neuroleptic taking.

Indications for the use of alpha-beta adrenoblockers

Preparations of this group are shown to use if the person has the following states or diseases:

Arterial hypertension;
Stable angina;
Chronic heart failure (as part of combined therapy);
Arrhythmia;
Glaucoma (the drug is introduced in the form of eye drops).

Side effects

Consider the side effects of the adrenobloclockers of different groups separately, since, despite the similarities, there are a number of differences between them.

All alpha-adrenoblays can provoke both the same and various side effects, which is due to the peculiarities of their impact on certain types of adrenoreceptors.

Side Effects of Alpha Adrenoblockers

So, all alpha adrenoblockers (alpha-1, alpha-2 and alpha-1,2) We provoke the following identical side effects:

Headache;
Ortostatic hypotension (a sharp decline in pressure during the transition to the position standing from the position of sitting or lying);
Syncopal states (short-term fainting);
Nausea or vomiting;
Constipation or diarrhea.

Moreover, alpha-1-adrenoblocators can provoke the following side effects, in addition to the above characteristic of all groups of adrenoblastors:

Hypotension (strong decrease in blood pressure);
Tachycardia (heartbeat);
Arrhythmia;
Dyspnea;
Fucetitude view (fog before eyes);
Xerostomy;
Feeling of discomfort in the stomach;
Brain circulation disorders;
Reducing libido;
Priapism (long-term painful erections);
Allergic reactions (rash, itching of the skin, urticaria, swelling of quinque).

Alpha-1,2-adrenobloclars, in addition to common adrenobloclars, can provoke the following side effects:

Excitation;
Cooling limbs;
Attack of angina;
Increase in the acidity of gastric juice;
Ejaculation violation;
Pain in the limbs;
Allergic reactions (redness and itching of the upper half of the body, urticaria, erythema).

Side effects Alpha-2-adrenobloclars, in addition to common adrenoblators, are as follows:

Tremor;
Excitation;
Irritability;
An increase in blood pressure;
Tachycardia;
Amplification of motor activity;
Abdominal pain;
Priapism;
Reducing the frequency and quantity of urination.

Beta adrenoblays - side effects

Selective (beta-1) and non-selective (beta-1,2) adrenoblays have both the same side effects and various, which is due to the peculiarities of their impact on different types of receptors.

So, the following side effects are the following side effects for selective and non-selective beta adrenoblockers:

Dizziness;
Headache;
Drowsiness;
Insomnia;
Nightmare dreams;
Fatigue;
Weakness;
Anxiety;
Confusion of consciousness;
Short-term memory loss episodes;
Slowing the reaction;
Paresthesia (feeling of running "goosebumps", numbness of limbs);
Vision of vision and taste;
Dry oral cavity and eye;
Bradycardia;
Heartbeat;
Atrioventricular blockade;
Violation of conduction in the heart muscle;
Arrhythmia;
Deterioration of myocardial reductions;
Hypotension (reduction in blood pressure);
Heart failure;
Rhino phenomenon;
Pain in chest, muscles and joints;
Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the total number of blood platelets below the norm);
Agranulocytosis (the absence of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils);
Nausea and vomiting;
Abdominal pain;
Diarrhea or constipation;
Liver disorders;
Dyspnea;
Bronchi or larynx spasm;
Allergic reactions ( skin itch, rash, redness);
Sweating;
Cooling limbs;
Muscle weakness;
Libido deterioration;
Raising or reducing the activity of enzymes, level bilirubin and blood glucose.

Non-selective beta-adrenoblays (beta-1,2), in addition to the above, the following side effects can also provoke:

Eye irritation;
Diplopia (shots in the eyes);
Nasal congestion;
Respiratory failure;
Collapse;
Aggravation of intermittent chromium;
Temporary violations of cerebral circulation;
Brain ischemia;
Fainting;
Reducing the level of hemoglobin in blood and hematocrit;
Swelling quinque;
Changing body weight;
Lupus syndrome;
Impotence;
Peyroni disease;
Thrombosis of the mesenteric artery of the intestine;
Colitis;
Increase in potassium level, uric acid and triglycerides in the blood;
Bulk and reduction of visual acuity, burning, itching and sensation foreign bodies In the eyes, tearing, light-free, edema of cornea, inflammation of the edges of the age, keratitis, blufarite and keratopathy (only for eye drops).

Side Effects of Alpha Beta Adrenoblockers

Side effects of alpha-beta-adrenoblockers include some manifestations side effect both alpha and beta blockers. However, they are not identical to side effects of alpha blockers and beta blockers, since the set of symptoms of side effects is completely different. So, alpha-beta blockers have the following side effects:

Dizziness;
Headache;
Asthenia (feeling of fatigue, decline of forces, indifference, etc.);
Syncopal states (short-term fainting);
Muscle weakness;
General weakness and fatigue;
Sleep disorders;
Depression;
Paresthesia (feeling of running "goosebumps", numbness of limbs, etc.);
Xerofthalmia (dry eye);
Reducing the products of tear liquids;
Bradycardia;
Impaired atrioventricular conductivity up to blockade;
Hypotension postural;
Pain in the chest, in the abdomen and in the limbs;
Angina;
Deterioration of peripheral blood circulation;
Weighing the flow of heart failure;
Exacerbation of Reino syndrome;
Swelling;
Thrombocytopenia (reducing the number of blood platelets below the norm);
Leukopenia (reducing total;
Cooling limbs;
Blockade of GISS beam legs.

When using alpha-beta-adrenoblockers in the form of eye drops, the following side effects are possible:

Bradycardia;
Decrease in blood pressure;
Bronchospasm;
Dizziness;
Weakness;
Feeling of burning or foreign bodies in the eye;

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of various groups of alpha adrenoblockers

Contraindications to the use of various groups of alpha-adrenobloclars are shown in the table.

*Contraindications to the use of alpha-1-adrenoblockers*	*Contraindications for the use of alpha-1,2-adrenoblockers*	*Contraindications for the use of alpha-2-adrenoblockers*
Stenosis (narrowing) of aortic or mitral valves	Atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels of severe
Ortostatic hypotension	Arterial hypotension	Hanging blood pressure
Heavy liver disorders	Increased sensitivity to drug components	Uncontrollable hypotension or hypertension
Pregnancy	Threw stress	Heavy liver failures or kidney
Lactation	Bradycardia
Increased sensitivity to drug components	Organic lesions of the heart
Heart failure, developed against the background of the monitoring pericarditis or heart tamponades	Myocardial infarction transferred less than 3 months ago
Diggle hearts leaking on the background of low pressure filling of the left ventricle	Acute bleeding
Heavy renal failure	Pregnancy
	Lactation

Beta Adrenoblockers - Contraindications

Selective (beta-1) and non-selective (beta-1,2) adrenobloclars have virtually identical contraindications to use. However, the spectrum of contraindications to the use of selective beta blockers is somewhat wider than for non-selective. All contraindications for use for beta-1 and beta-1,2-adrenoblastors are reflected in the table.

*Contraindications for the use of non-selective (beta-1,2) adrenoblockers*	*Contraindications for the use of selective (beta-1) adrenoblockers*
Individual increased sensitivity to drug components
Atrioventricular blockade II or III degree
Sinoatrial blockade
Pronounced bradycardia (pulse less than 55 beats per minute)
Sinus node weakness syndrome
Cardiogenic shock
Hypotension (systolic pressure value below 100 mm Hg. Art.)
Acute heart failure
Chronic Heart Failure in Decompensation Stage
Supporting diseases of vessels	Disorders of peripheral blood circulation
Stenria Prinzmetala	Pregnancy
Bronchial asthma	Lactation

Contraindications for the use of alpha beta blockers

Contraindications to the use of alpha beta blockers are as follows:

Increased individual sensitivity to any components of drugs;
Atrioventricular blockade II or III degree;
Synoyatrial blockade;
Sinus node weakness syndrome;
Chronic heart failure in the decompensation stage (IV functional class on NYHA);
Cardiogenic shock;
Sinus bradycardia (pulse less than 50 shots per minute);
Arterial hypotension (systolic pressure below 85 mm Hg. Art.);
Chronic obstructive lung diseases;
Bronchial asthma;
Ulcerative ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
Type diabetes type 1;
Pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
Heavy liver diseases.

Hypotensive beta adrenobloclars

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16.12.2018
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