Problems with carbohydrate exchanges precede diabetes development. Noticing deviations, it should be immediately proceeding with therapy. Patients should know: violation of glucose tolerance - what it is and how to cope with this condition. First of all, it should be found out how this disease is manifested.

Characteristic

Disruption of tolerance (NTH) is called a condition in which the blood sugar concentration is increased not significantly. With this pathology, the grounds for the diagnosis of diabetes in patients do not yet, but there is a high risk of developing problems.

Experts should know the code on the ICD 10 for NTG. By international Classification The R73.0 code is assigned.

Previously, such violations were considered diabetes (its starting), But now doctors allocate them separately. This is a component metabolic syndrome, it is observed simultaneously with increasing number visceral fat, hyperinsulamia and increase in pressure.

Every year, 5-10% of patients with violation of tolerance for carbohydrates diagnose diabetes appearance. Usually this transition (progression of the disease) is observed in people suffering from obesity.

Typically, problems occur when the process of producing insulin is disturbed and the sensitivity of the tissues to this hormone is reduced. When taking food, the pancreas cell begins the process of developing insulin, but it is released under the condition that the concentration of sugar in the bloodstream increases.

In the absence of disorders, any increase in the level of glucose provokes the activity of tyrosine kinase. But if the patient is predominant, the process of violation of the binding of cell receptors and insulin begins. Because of this, the process of transporting glucose inside cells is broken. Sugar does not give energy to tissues in the required volume, it remains in the bloodstream and accumulates.

Signs of pathology

In the initial stages, the disease does not exhibit in any way. It is possible to identify it during the passage of the next medical examination. But often it is diagnosed in patients suffering from obesity or presence of overweight.

Symptoms include:

• the appearance of dry skin;
• the development of genital and skin itching;
• periodontal and bleeding gums;
• furunculosis;
• problems with healing wounds;
• violation of menstruation in women (up to amenorrhea);
• reduced libido.

In addition, angioereropathy can begin: small joints are affected, the process is accompanied by a violation of blood flow and damage to nerves, violation of the process of pulses.

When such signs appear in patients suffering from obesity, it is necessary to be examined. As a result of the diagnostic, it can be found that:

• on an empty stomach of human normoglycemia or indicators are slightly increased;
• there is no sugar in the urine.

In exacerbation of the state, signs of diabetes development appear:

• strong obsessive thirst;
• dry mouth;
• the increase in urination;
• immunity deterioration manifested by fungal and inflammatory diseases.

Prevent the transition of increased glucose tolerance in diabetes for almost every patient. But for this you need to know about the methods of prevention of violations of the metabolism of carbohydrates.

It should be remembered that even in the absence of signs of pathology, it is necessary to periodically verify the effectiveness of the metabolic exchange of people with predisposition to the development of diabetes. In the second half of pregnancy (between 24 and 28 weeks), Tolerance test is recommended to take all women older than 25 years.

Causes of development of problems

The deterioration of the process of absorption of carbohydrates may appear in each in the presence of genetic predisposition and provoking factors. For the reasons, NTG refer:

• transferred strong stress;
• obesity, excess weight;
• a significant flow of carbohydrates into the patient's body;
• low physical activity;
• deterioration of insulin process in disabilities;
• endocrine diseases accompanied by the production of conjunral hormones, including dysfunction thyroid gland, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome.

This disease also appears during pregnancy. After all, the placenta begins to produce hormones, due to which the susceptibility of the fabrics to the action of insulin is reduced.

Provoking factors

In addition to the reasons for the development of violations carbohydrate exchange Patients should know who is more at risk of reducing tolerance. Most careful should be patients with genetic predisposition. But the list of provoking factors also attributes:

• atherosclerosis and increased blood lipid content;
• problems with liver, kidneys, vessels and heart;
• hypoteriosis;
• gout;
• inflammatory diseases of the pancreas due to which insulin production is reduced;
• an increase in cholesterol concentration;
• the emergence of insulin resistance;
• reception some drugs (hormonal contraceptives, glucocorticoids, etc.);
• age after 50 years.

Particular attention is paid to pregnant women. After all, almost 3% of future mothers detect gestational diabetes. Provoking factors are considered:

• overweight (especially if it appeared after 18 years);
• age more than 25-30 years;
• genetic predisposition;
• SPKA;
• development of diabetes in preceding pregnancies;
• birth of children with weight of more than 4 kg;
• increase pressure.

Patients entering a risk group must periodically check the sugar level.

Diagnosis of pathology

Determine the disease can be possible only with laboratory diagnostics. The study may take capillary or venous blood. The basic rules for the fence of the material should be observed.

For 3 days before the planned study, patients must comply with the usual lifestyle: it is not worth changing the nutrition to low-carb. This can lead to distortion of real results. Stresses should also be avoided before the blood fence and do not smoke half an hour before checking. After a night shift, it is impossible to donate blood on glucose.

To establish the diagnosis of NTG follows:

• donate on an empty stomach;
• adopt a glucose solution (300 ml of pure liquid mixed with 75 glucose);
• 1-2 hours after making a solution, repeat the analysis.

The data obtained make it possible to determine if there are problems. Sometimes it is required to take blood pressure at a periodicity once in half an hour to understand how the level of glucose in the body changes.

To determine the disturbed tolerance in children, they also conduct a test with a load: 1.75 g of glucose takes their weight to each kilogram, but not more than 75 g.

Sugar indicators, submodded, should be no more than 5.5 mmol / l, if the capillary blood is investigated, and 6.1 - if venous.

2 hours after filled glucose in the absence of problems, sugar should not be more than 7.8, regardless of blood intake location.

With violations of tolerance, the indicators in the existence of an empty stomach will be up to 6.1 for capillary and up to 7.0 for venous blood. After the adoption of the glucose solution, they will rise to 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / l.

There are 2 main research methods: the patient can give a solution or introduce it intravenously. When orally intake fluid, you should first pass the stomach, and only then the process of blood enrichment glucose will begin. For intravenous administration She immediately enters blood.

Selection of tactics of treatment

Having installed that there are problems, you should contact the endocrinologist. This doctor specializes in violations of this kind. He can tell what to do if the glucose tolerance is broken. Many refuse to consult a doctor, afraid that he prescribes insulin injection. But it is too early to talk about the need for such treatment. At NTH, other therapy practices: a lifestyle review, a change in the diet.

Only in extreme cases are required drug therapy. Most patients have improved, if:

• go to fractional food (food is accepted 4-6 times a day, the caloric content of the last meals must be low);
• the number of simple carbohydrates minimize (remove cakes, cakes, buns, candy);
• achieve weight loss at least 7%;
• daily drink at least 1.5 liters of pure water;
• minimize the number of animal fats, vegetable fats should flow in normal quantities;
• includes a significant amount of vegetables and fruits in the daily diet, with the exception of grapes, bananas.

Particular attention is paid to physical activity.

Compliance with these nutrition principles in combination with satisfying physical activity is the best way to treat prediabet.

About medication therapy speak if such therapy does not give results. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, not only the glucose-tolerant test is made, but also check the level glicated hemoglobin. This study allows you to estimate the sugar content over the past 3 months. If a tendency to decrease is visible, then diet therapy continues.

When detecting concomitant problems or diseases provoking the deterioration of insulin tools, adequate therapy of these diseases is necessary.

If the patient complies with the diet and performs all the prescriptions of the endocrinologist, but there is no result, they can assign funds that are used in the treatment of diabetes. It can be:

• thiazolidindions;
• inhibitors α-glucosyad;
• sulfonylurea derivatives.

Metformin derivatives are the most popular means for the treatment of violations of carbohydrate metropolis: "Metformin", "Siofor", "Glucophage", "Datin". If it is not possible to achieve the desired result, then in a complex with these drugs, other means intended for the treatment of diabetes are prescribed.

Subject to Recommendations Restoration normal level Sugar in the blood is observed in 30% of patients with a NTG diagnosis. But at the same time, the high risk of developing diabetes in the future is preserved. Therefore, even when removing the diagnosis, it is impossible to relax. The patient must follow his diet, although periodic relief is allowed.

Expert comment:

adiabet.ru.

Hyperglycemia. Most often there are violations of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by an increase in blood glucose level - hyperglycemia. With the firstly revealed increase in glucose in the blood, first of all, it is necessary to determine which category of hydrogen exchange disorders of this patient. According to the latest criteria for violations of carbohydrate exchange, there are three main categories of hyperglycemia.

For screening apply only the study of glucose on an empty stomach. This is done when contacting the clinic for the most different reasons. When receiving indicators exceeding the norm, the study is repeated. And if the indicator in solid venous blood again exceeds the figure of 6.1 mmol / l, the doctor has the right to diagnose "diabetes". Further studies of glycemia during the day are needed to address the need for drug therapy and the appointment of the necessary drugs. In case of random detection of glycemia in solid blood from 5.6 to 6.1 mmol / l, further clarification of the variant of the impaired carbohydrate exchange is required. To do this, it is used or an oral test of glucose tolerance, or measurement of glycemia after eating with sufficient carbohydrate content.

These studies make it possible to differentiate the impaired emptying glycemia and the violation of glucose tolerance.

All diagnosis of CD should be carried out without the use of a diet with a limitation of carbohydrates, in a period of excluding stressful increase in blood glucose (acute period of myocardial infarction, violation of cerebral circulation, febrile conditions, injuries, nerve stresses). Automobile glycemia - the empty stomach after night starvation for 8-10 hours is determined. Postprandial glycemia - 2 hours after meals. Rules for the oral test of glucose tolerance (OCTG)

The oral test of glucose tolerance must be carried out according to the following rules:
The patient should not be able to limit oneself in the use of carbohydrates (at least 150 g of carbohydrates per day).
The sample is carried out after full fasting for 10-14 hours, while the use of water is not limited.
During the test, the patient does not fulfill any physical activity, does not eat, does not smoke, does not take drugs. You can drink simple water.
The surveyed take the capillary blood from the finger to determine the initial content of glucose.
After that, he drinks 75 g of glucose dissolved in 250-300 ml of water for 5 to 15 minutes (for children - 1.75 g / kg, but not more than 75 g).
The second blood sample is taken 2 hours after receiving glucose, in some cases in an hour.

The determination of glucose in the urine is not a diagnostic test, but this study is important for the further algorithm for the study of carbohydrate violations.

Glycosuria depends on the renal threshold of glucose. Typically, when the glucose content in the blood is more than 10 mmol / l (180 mg%) glucose is found in the urine. With age, the renal threshold for glucose increases. With a positive test of glucose in urine further, blood tests are performed on the proposed scheme. Diagnosis of SD in terms of the level of glycated HB is not accepted, since the exact digital criteria are not developed. It is not used to diagnose diabetes in / in a glucose sample, although in special research work it is possible.

The use of glucometters to establish the primary presumptive diagnosis of SD is possible, but the diagnosis of the dimension of the glycemia level described above is required, since the glucometters have a large variation of indicators. Depending on the glycemia indicators determine the type of carbohydrate metabolism. Commenting on the table of diagnostic criteria of SD and other violations of carbohydrate metabolism, it can be emphasized that two types of pathological conditions have been distinguished before improving blood glucose levels:
- violation of glucose tolerance (NTG);
- diabetes (SD).

In the criteria of carbohydrate violations (1999), the third is added to the two designated types of carbohydrate pathology - violation of the glycemia of an empty stomach.

For each of the listed states, clear quantitative criteria for blood glucose levels (solid blood - venous and capillary, and plasma - venous and capillary) are defined. It should be noted that these indicators are somewhat different from each other. Therefore, the term "glycemia" in the exact quantitative determination of glucose in the blood is not authorized. It is necessary to accurately indicate "glucose in capillary, venous blood" or "glucose in a capillary plasma" or "in a venous plasma". This is especially important for the diagnosis of violations of carbohydrate exchange, as well as for research. Venous whole blood has the lowest glucose indicators, the most high rates - in plasma capillary blood.

Normal blood glucose indicators:
On an empty stomach of 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l (59-99 mg%) in solid venous and in capillary blood, from 4.0 to 6.1 mmol / l (72-10 mg%) in plasma - venous and Capillary.
2 hours after the meal or test of glucose tolerance test level of blood glucose: in venous blood - up to 6.7 mmol / l (120 mg%), in capillary blood - up to 7.8 mmol / l (140 mg%), in capillary Plasma - up to 8.9 mmol / l (160 mg%).

Violation of glycemia on an empty stomach:
The level of glucose on an empty stomach exceeds the value of 5.6 mmol / l (100 mg%), but less than 6.1 mmol / l (110 mg%) in solid blood (both in venous and capillary). But in the plasma, this indicator should be greater than 6.1 mmol / l (110 mg%), but less than 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg%).
2 hours after the meal or test of glucose tolerance, the blood glucose level should be normal (in venous blood - up to 6.7 mmol / l (120 mg%), in capillary blood - up to 7.8 mmol / l (140 mg%) , in capillary plasma-to 8.9 mmol / l (160 mg%).

Violation of glucose tolerance:
On an empty stomach level of glucose - more than 5.6 mmol / l (100 mg%), but less than 6.1 mmol / l (110 mg%) and in venous, and in capillary blood, less than 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg% ) in venous and capillary plasma (as in violation of glycemia on an empty stomach).
2 hours after the meal or test of glucose tolerance or at any time of the day, the glucose level is more than 6.7 mmol / l (120 mg%), but less than 10.0 mmol / l (180 mg%) in venous blood; in capillary blood - more than 7.8 mmol / l (140 mg%), but less than 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg%); In capillary plasma - more than 8.9 mmol / l (160 mg%), but less than 12.2 mmol / l (220 mg%).

Diabetes:
An empty stomach - glucose is more than 6.1 mmol / l (110 mg%) and in venous, and in capillary blood, more than 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg%) in venous and capillary plasma.
2 hours after the meal or test of glucose tolerance or at any time of the day - more than 10.0 mmol / l in venous blood and more than 11.1 mmol / l - in capillary blood and in venous plasma, more than 12.2 mmol / l (220 mg%) in capillary plasma.

Thus, the diagnosis of SD can be delivered only on the basis of the laboratory data on the content of glucose. It can be:
improving glucose capillary or venous blood above 6.1 mmol / l twice (if doubt - three times);
Increasing glucose capillary blood above 11.1 mmol / l or venous blood above 10.0 mmol / l 2 hours after OTDG, or meals with sufficient carbohydrate content, or with a random definition of blood glucose at any time.

The difference in glucose content in venous, capillary solid blood, in venous, capillary plasma creates certain difficulties in interpreting these results to determine the category of carbohydrate impairment. It must be remembered that when determining glucose in plasma, normal indicators are higher than 13-15%. After receiving such results, it is necessary to state the presence of a CD, however, this diagnosis can only be considered as a preliminary. The data obtained must be confirmed by re-determining the blood glucose level on other days. It should be borne in mind that today the normal figure of glucose in the blood is significantly reduced compared to what it was previously. It can be assumed that this circumstance will allow you to identify violations of carbohydrate exchange in the earliest stages and increase the effectiveness of combating this pathology. At the same time, it is expected to increase the established diagnoses of MD by 15%, and this must be taken into account when calculating financial and other costs.

Having established a diagnosis of SD in blood glucose indicators or plasma, then you need to try to determine the type of diabetes. At the first stage of differentiation of SD syndrome, the following refinement should be made: whether the impaired carbohydrate exchange of independent, primary, or it is caused by the presence of other disease, being a consequence of specific disposable reasons, that is, secondary. IN clinical practice It's easier to start with the exception or confirmation of the secondary SD.

The reasons for the secondary SD are most often:
1) pancreatic diseases;
2) hormonal anomalies that have a place under a row endocrine diseases (acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, etc.);
3) medicinal or chemically induced violations of carbohydrate metabolism (reception of catecholamines, glucocorticoids, cytostatics, etc.);
4) tumors - glucagon, somatostatin, vipoma, etc.;
5) chronic stress - "stressful hyperglycemia" with burn disease, myocardial infarction, multiple complex surgical interventions, etc.;
6) impairment of carbohydrate exchange in genetic syndromes, such as a myotonic dystrophy, attaxia-teleangectasia, lipodystrophy, etc.;
7) Disrupts of the structure of receptors to insulin.

When the history of the disease and the detail of the patient's complaints, it is possible to suspect the damage to the pancreas (especially in persons abusing alcohol), assume the presence of a hormonal and active tumor. It makes it possible to obtain information about the reception of the patient certain medicinal preparationscapable of inducing hyperglycemia. However, it should be remembered that there are cases of simulation or aggregation of the disease. In these cases, the detection of a drug reception as the causes of hyperglycemia will be a very difficult task.

Cases of secondary SD, due to insulin cell insulin, may be greater difficulty. It is especially difficult to recognize cases of autoimmune blockade of insulin receptors located on hepatic cells. In these cases, deciphering the cause of the SD can be carried out only with a special examination in a specialized institution. But the suspicions for the presence of such a situation should appear at the doctor who observes the lack of effect from a variety of therapy, especially in the treatment of insulin. After excluding the presence of the secondary SD, the nature of the primary impairment of carbohydrate metabolism is carried out.

The statement of reliable detection of violations of carbohydrate exchange by type of hyperglycemia cannot be completed by the doctor's work on the differential diagnosis of this syndrome. From practical positions, it seems necessary to quickly determine the presence or absence of the dependence of violations of carbohydrate exchange from insulin. For many years there was a clear division of patients with similar violations of carbohydrate exchange into groups. Groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and insulin-dependent diabetes. However, experience shows that predicting the dependence of the patient pathology from insulin is not always simple. Many people appearance Which suggested the presence of type 2 SD and which were originally well reacting to treatment, not including insulin, further demonstrated an obvious need for insulin administration. Without him, they often fell into a ketoacidotic to whom. In this regard, it was suggested that patients with the presence of SD syndrome should be distinguished depending on the presence of a tendency to the development of ketoacidotic states requiring insulin therapy, on the suffering from SD, inclined to ketoacidosis, and SD, not inclined to ketoacidosis.

Modern studies of the pathogenesis of the SD led to what was recognized by the feasibility of finding the dependence of the SD from immune mechanisms, and the wish was made to note in the diagnosis of its presence or disappointment. At the same time, it was recommended to divide the syndrome of "diabetes" on the SD autoimmune and from the day of autoimmune. During such differentiation, the doctor needs to quickly take the right decision on the necessary therapy for a particular patient. Once again, we emphasize that modern knowledge oblige us to know that the concept of "diabetes" does not reflect some particular disease, but only talks about the phenomenon of SD syndrome, which can be caused by many different reasons.

In practical terms, it seems necessary to quickly determine the presence or absence of the dependence of the violations of carbohydrate exchange from insulin. Since 1989, there has been a clear division of patients in the ECD Group (insulin-dependent diabetes) and the INSD (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). The acting pathogenetic classification of the CD has undergone certain changes. Due to the fact that so far most practical doctors continue to use the domestic classification of 1989, we bring both the old classification and classification of diabetes proposed by the WHO Expert Committee in 1999 - for comparison, and not for the recommendation of the use of the previous classification .

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What is glucose tolerance

Each person needs carbohydrates that are subject to transformation in the digestive tract to form glucose. Almost all products contain them. The more in the food of the sugar, the more glucose It will get the body, but it is an easy-to-face food, from which a little man is added.

Here are the products representing the greatest threat:

• pasta not from solid wheat varieties;
• bakery products made of top grade flour;
• sdob (buns, pies, bagels, donuts);
• sweets (cakes, cupcakes, rolls with creams).

It cannot be said that these products will lead to diabetes directly, but at the same time, the weight gain and obesity lead to a change in metabolic processes, and this is the first factor of the absorption of glucose. We are talking about the development of a violation of 2 types.

Tolerance to glucose is a concept that characterizes the body's ability to metabolize glucose from food in such a way that its excess occurred.

Glucose distribution mechanism Next:

1. After cleavage of glucose food, the vessels of the stomach and intestines are absorbed and enters the bloodstream.
2. Since glucose brain is the main food, then part of it is sent there.
3. Other cells that need energy take monosaccharide through protein nature transport systems.
4. For muscles and fat cells, insulin is such a transport system. The brain comes to the signal that the blood is in the blood is an excessive amount of glucose and gives the command to produce the pancreatic cells to produce insulin.
5. Insulin cells strictly correspond to glucose molecules like a "key lock" system, they are suitable and captured, transferred to cells and tissues. Insulin emission strictly corresponds to excess glucose.

This ensures glucose concentration in normal values.

If no reasons are insufficient secretion of insulin, then in the blood there is an excess of glucose, and elevated indicators appear in the analysis. But these numbers are not high enough to diagnose in a patient diabetes. Such a state is called a violation of glucose tolerance.

The concept of pathology

It's time to figure it out here. Violation of glucose tolerance is what it is: earlier this syndrome was attributed to one of the stages of diabetes, and now allocated in a separate name.

If a man has an empty stomach of glucose is closer to the upper boundary of the norm or from 5.5 to 6 mmol / l, the question arises from where the source of glucose?

Here are 2 options:

• man violated the rules for the preparation of the test;
• there really was a problem.

To confirm, the analysis is reused, and if it is again the same indicators, then a test for glucose tolerance is prescribed.

Test for tolerance

This study is carried out by internal welcome glucose solution. Registration of the result occurs after a certain time. Its choice is not necessary: \u200b\u200bthe data is known, after what time after meals, there is a decrease in blood sugar levels. The elongation of this time allows us to conclude a disorder.

Here is a list of some restrictions for testing:

• alcohol and smoking on the eve and during testing;
• period during stress and after it;
• meals;
• diseases leading to depletion, childbirth, recovery after fractures;
• the contraindications are also diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the absorption of glucose (liver cirrhosis, gastritis and gastroduodenitis, colitis) is disturbed;
• oncological diseases;
• diet (there may be violations of the interpretation of the results);
• menstruation.

For pregnant women, research is carried out with certain features. For women, a solution of a smaller concentration is used.

If there are absorption disorders gastrointestinal tract, the test is carried out not orally, but intravenously.

Preparation for the study should be correct that the results are informative.

On the eve of the study, there is no need to reduce the use of glucose, but not to increase. If the amount of carbohydrates is less than 120-150 g, then during testing there will be a higher sugar value, and it will be slower.

It is necessary to monitor the physical activity before the study and adhere to the usual mode. A more intense load causes an increased consumption of monosaccharides not only from the blood, but also the consumption of its glycogen gas reserves. It forms carbohydrate hunger: the body requires replenishment from stocks. Therefore, the result of GTT may be distorted.

It should be aware that on the eve of the study cease to take psychotropic, hormonal, stimulating agents, contraceptives, diuretic drugs.

The method of its implementation is easy:

1. A person comes in the morning in the clinic, gives an empty stomach blood test or vein. In addition, urine analysis is surrendered.
2. After that, he drinks a glass of glucose solution, where 75 g of sugar in warm water was dissolved.
3. Every 30 minutes the blood glucose indicator is measured and the urine.
4. After 2 hours, the result is estimated.

If after 2 hours the indicator is 7.8 mmol / l, then this is normal. With the value between this indicator and 11.0, there is a violation of tolerance, and above this is valued about diabetes.

When testing, a person can become bad, then it must be laid. To ensure a sufficient amount of urine, it is given to drink warm water. After testing, the patient needs to eat tightly, food must contain carbohydrates.

Causes and symptoms

Causes of deviations may be different:

1. Genetic predisposition, which is more characteristic of diabetes, which begins after violation of tolerance.
2. The damage to the pancreas, which causes the lack of insulin production. It is produced in the bloodstream, but it is not capable of capturing glucose molecules.
3. Development of insulin resistance.
4. Overweight, obesity.
5. Insufficient motor activity.
6. The purpose of long-term reception of drugs affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates.
7. Violations in the activities of the endocrine glands (hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome).
8. Increased pressure.
9. High cholesterol content for a long time.
10. Gout.

Studies have established that deviations are most often observed in people over 45 years old and from a part of pregnant women. They have a violation of tolerance is temporary and ends after childbirth.

Violation of tolerance is also called preyabeth, since a person can only feel some symptoms characteristic of diabetes, but there is no clinical confirmation:

1. Glucose indicators in the blood can remain within the norm even on an empty stomach.
2. In the urine is not defined glucose.

The disease may not show itself for a long time.

The following symptoms may be signs of violation of tolerance:

• dry mouth and thirst, and it fails to satisfy it;
• itching skin;
• more frequent urination;
• change of appetite in both directions;
• damage to the skin and mucous membranes do not heal for a long time;
• in women, there are deviations in the menstrual cycle, menstruation may stop at all;
• lesion of vascular inflammatory character;
• sudden appearance of problems with vision.

boleznikrovi.com.

Prediabetic condition: reasons

The main reasons for the occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance are the following:

• significant overweight, in the development of which the main factors are transmission and a low-propelled lifestyle;
• genetic predisposition: It is proved that family members, where someone sick or sick diabetes is also in the risk group, which made it possible to identify certain genes responsible for the production of full insulin, the sensitivity of peripheral tissue receptors to insulin and other factors;
• age and gender: most often prediabet and diabetes diagnose in women over the age of 45;
• other diseases: This is primarily about diseases of the endocrine system leading to the hormonal failure and collection of metabolism, as well as the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach ulcers, due to which the glucose suction process can be broken) and diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, high pressure, high level Cholesterol and others). For women, the risk factor can become polycystic ovaries;
• complicated pregnancy: it is often predictable, translated into type 2 diabetes, occurs after gestational diabetes, which appears in women during pregnancy. Usually problems with blood sugar levels occur in the case of late pregnancy or large fetal sizes.

It should also be remembered that the prediatric state can be diagnosed not only in adults, but also in children. The child predominates usually arises as the consequence of the infectious disease, less often - surgery, which makes it necessary to show particular attention to the rehabilitation period after a disease or surgery.

Prediabetic condition: complications

The main complication of the specified state is, of course, its possible transition to the acquired type 2 diabetes, which is much more complicated under control. In addition, the presence of excess sugar in the blood, albeit not at the critical level leads to an increase in blood lungs, which can cause the formation of plaques, blockage of vessels and, as a result, problems with the cardiovascular system, namely, infarction and strokes.

In turn, the transition of the prediabetic state in diabetes entails a possible defeat and other organism systems, including kidneys, vision, nervous system, reduction of immunity and general resistance to the body.

Prediabetic state: symptoms

Since the violation of tolerance is not still a disease as such, it most often flows asymptomatic. The presence of any symptoms most often indicates a latent (hidden) diabetes or very close to this condition requiring treatment.

The presence of the following symptoms indicates the need to pass a glucose-beast test:

• dry mouth, thirst, especially with emotional and mental loads and, as a result, an increase in daily fluid consumption: the body is needed in a greater amount of water to dilute thick blood;
• frequent urination, including with an increase in urine, one-time and daily volume: consumption of more water forces the body to output it more often;
• strong hunger, including night, which usually leads to overeating and increase weight: insulin accumulation, hormone, reduced blood sugar levels.
• fast fatiguability;
• heat, dizziness after meals: arise due to a sharp change in blood sugar levels;
• headaches: may be caused by the narrowing of the brain vessels due to the formation of plaques in them.

As can be seen from the list of prediabet, it is quite blurred (relatively specific symptom can only be considered thirst and rapid urination), therefore, the diagnosis is acquired in particular importance in this case.

dCENERGO.ru.

General

Violation of glucose tolerance associated with a decrease in the digestibility of the body of blood sugar organism, previously considered the initial stage of diabetes (latent diabetes mellitus), but recently it stands out as a separate disease.

This violation is a component of a metabolic syndrome, which is also manifested by an increase in the mass of visceral fat, arterial hypertension and hyperinsulemia.

According to existing statistics, the impaired glucose tolerance revealed approximately 200 million people, while this disease is often detected in combination with obesity. Predaeabeth in the United States is observed in each fourth prone to the completeness of the child aged from 4 to 10 years, and each fifth complete child aged 11 to 18 years old.

Each year, 5-10% of people with impaired glucose tolerance are observed a transition of this disease to diabetes mellitus (usually such a transformation is observed in patients with overweight).

Causes of development

Glucose as the main source of energy ensures the exchange processes in the human body. The glucose body falls due to the use of carbohydrates, which, after decay, are absorbed from the digestive tract into the bloodstream.

To absorb glucose tissues, insulin is needed (hormone, which is produced by the pancreas). Due to the increase in the permeability of plasma membranes, insulin allows tissues to suck glucose, reducing its level in the blood after 2 hours after meals to normal (3.5 - 5.5 mmol / l).

The causes of violation of glucose tolerance can be due to hereditary factors or lifestyle. Factors contributing to the development of the disease, consider:

• genetic predisposition (the presence of diabetes mellitus or prediabet in close relatives);
• obesity;
• arterial hypertension;
• elevated level of lipids in the blood and atherosclerosis;
• liver diseases, cardiovascular system, kidneys;
• gout;
• hypothyroidism;
• insulin resistance at which the sensitivity of peripheral tissues is reduced to insulin (observed in metabolic disorders);
• inflammation of the pancreas and other factors contributing to the impairment of insulin production;
• increasing cholesterol;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• diseases of the endocrine system, in which conneering hormones (Incenko-Cushing syndrome, etc.) are produced in excess;
• abuse of products that contain a significant amount of simple carbohydrates;
• reception of glucocorticoids, oral contraceptives and some other hormonal means;
• age after 45 years.

Also revealed in some cases a violation of glucose tolerance in pregnant women (gestational diabetes, which is observed in 2.0-3.5% of all cases of pregnancy). Risk factors for pregnant women include:

• exceeding body weight, especially if extra weight appeared after 18 years;
• genetic predisposition;
• age more than 30 years;
• the presence of gestational diabetes with previous pregnancies;
• ovarian polycystosis syndrome.

Pathogenesis

Violation of glucose tolerance arises as a result of a combination of impaired insulin secretion and reduced tissue sensitivity.

The formation of insulin is stimulated by meals (it does not have to be carbohydrates), and its release occurs when glucose levels increase in blood.

The secretion of insulin is increasing due to the effects of amino acids (arginine and leucine) and some hormones (ACTH, GUP, GPP-1, cholecystokinin), as well as estrogen and sulfonylurea drugs. Insulin secretion increases and increased content In the blood plasma calcium, potassium or free fatty acids.

The decrease in the secretion of insulin occurs under the influence of glucagon - the hormone of the pancreas.

Insulin activates the transmembrane insulin receptor, which refers to complex glycoproteins. The components of this receptor are two alpha and two beta subunits connected by disulfide bonds.

The alpha subunit of the receptor is located outside the cell, and which are a transmembrane protein beta subunit directed inside the cell.

Increased glucose levels in the norm causes an increase in the activity of tyrosine kinase, but with prediabete, a pronounced degree of disruption of the binding of the receptor with insulin occurs. The basis of this violation is to reduce the number of insulin receptors and proteins, which provide glucose transport in the cell (glucose transporters).

The main targets that are exposed to insulin include liver, fatty and muscle tissue. The cells of these tissues become low-sensitive (resistant) to insulin. As a result, the capture of glucose in peripheral tissues is reduced, the synthesis of glycogen decreases and prediabet develops.

The latent form of diabetes mellitus can be caused by other factors affecting the development of insulin resistance:

• violation of the permeability of capillaries, which leads to impaired insulin transport through vascular endothelium;
• accumulation of altered lipoproteins;
• acidosis;
• accumulation of hydrolase enzymes;
• the presence of chronic foci of inflammation, etc.

Insulin resistance can be associated with a change in insulin molecule, as well as with increased activity of conjunral hormones or pregnancy hormones.

Symptoms

Violation of glucose tolerance at the initial stages of the development of the disease is not clinically manifested. Patients are often distinguished by overpressing body or obesity, and during the examination, it is detected:

• normoglycemia on an empty stomach (the level of glucose in peripheral blood corresponds to the norm or slightly exceeds the norm);
• lack of glucose in the urine.

Preiabet may be accompanied by:

• furunculosis;
• bleeding of gums and periodontal disease;
• skin and genital itching, dry skin;
• long-term skin damage;
• sexual weakness, violation menstrual cycle (Amenorrhea is possible);
• angioenopathy (damage to small vessels, accompanied by impaired blood flow, in combination with damage to nerves, which is accompanied by a violation of the conductivity of pulses) of various severity and localization.

As violations aggravate clinical picture can be supplemented:

• feeling thirst, dryness in the mouth and increased water consumption;
• frequent urination;
• reducing immunity, which is accompanied by frequent inflammatory and fungal diseases.

Diagnostics

Violation of the glucose tolerance in most cases is revealed by chance, since patients do not make any complaints. The basis for diagnostics is usually the result of blood test on sugar, which shows an increase in the level of glucose on an empty stomach to 6.0 mmol / l.

Diagnostics includes:

• anamnesis Analysis (clarified data on concomitant diseases and relatives suffering from diabetes);
• a general inspection, which in many cases allows you to identify the presence of overpressure of body or obesity.

The basis of the diagnosis of "prediabet" is a test of glucose tolerance, which allows to evaluate the body's ability to absorb glucose. In the presence of infectious diseases, increased or reduced physical exertion for a day before the analysis (does not correspond to normal) and the reception influence on the level of sugar medical drugs is not carried out.

Before surrendering the analysis, it is recommended for 3 days not to limit itself in nutrition so that carbohydrate consumption is at least 150 per day. Physical activity should not exceed standard loads. In the evening, before surrendering the analysis, the amount of carbohydrates consumed should be from 30 to 50 g., After which food is not used for 8-14 hours (water is allowed).

Analysis includes:

• blood fence on an empty stomach for analyzing sugar;
• glucose solution receiving (for 75 glycosis, 250-300 ml of water is necessary);
• repeated blood pressure for analyzing sugar 2 hours after receiving glucose solution.

In some cases, additional blood fences are made every 30 minutes.

During the test, smoking is prohibited, so that the results of the analysis are not distorted.

The violation of glucose tolerance in children is also determined using this test, but the "load" of glucose on the child is calculated based on its weight - for each kilogram takes 1.75 glycosis, but in total no more than 75 g.

Violation of glucose tolerance during pregnancy is checked by oral dough between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The test is carried out with the help of the same technique, but it includes an additional measurement of the blood glucose level an hour after the glucose solution was adopted.

Normally, the level of glucose during the re-election of blood should not exceed 7.8 mmol / l. The level of glucose from 7.8 to 11.1 mmol / l indicates the presence of a violation of glucose tolerance, and the level above 11.1 mmol / l is a sign of diabetes mellitus.

With a re-identified level of glucose, an empty stomach above 7.0 mmol / l testing is inappropriate.

Test is contraindicated to persons in which the glucose concentration of an empty stomach exceeds 11.1 mmol / l, and persons who in the recent past were myocardial infarction, surgical operation or childbirth.

If necessary, determine the secretory insulin reserve. The doctor may parallel to the glucose tolerance test to determine the level of the C-peptide.

Treatment

Treatment of prediabet is based on non-drug influences. Therapy includes:

• Correction of the diet. Diet in violation of glucose tolerance requires exclusion of sweets (candies, cakes, etc.), limited use of easily durable carbohydrates (flour and pasta, potatoes), limited consumption of fats (fatty meat grade, butter). We are recommended fractional meal (small portions about 5 times a day).
• Strengthening physical activity. It is recommended daily physical exertion lasting for 30 minutes to an hour (sports should be made at least three times a week).
• Body mass control.

With absence therapeutic effect Oral saccharifying drugs are prescribed (A-glucosidase inhibitors, derivatives of sulfonylurea, thiazolidindions, etc.).

Also held medical events To eliminate risk factors (the work of the thyroid gland is normalized, lipid metabolic correction is carried out, etc.).

Forecast

In 30% of people with a diagnosis of "violation of glucose tolerance", the blood glucose level is subsequently restored to normal, but most of the patients maintain a high risk of transition of this violation in type 2 diabetes.

Preiabet can contribute to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Prevention

Pre-penetration prevention includes:

• The correct diet, in which the uncontrolled consumption of sweet products, flour and fatty products is eliminated, and the amount of vitamins and minerals increases.
• Regular sufficient physical activity (any sports or long-term hiking. The load should not be excessive (the intensity and duration of physical exercises increase gradually).

Also need to control body weight, and after 40 years - regular (once every 2-3 years) checking blood glucose levels.

liqmed.ru.

What is predictable.

What is predictable? This is an intermediate state between diabetes and the usual state of the normal operation of the pancreas. Those. When the pancreatic cells still identify insulin, but they allocate it or very little or not correctly. How do you know this pancreas function works automatically, i.e. Depending on the glucose entering the blood, the required amount of insulin is distinguished for processing it automatically. In case of failures in the work or diseases of the pancreas, there is such a state as predominant or violation of tolerance to carbohydrates. At this step, I will tell my feelings and symptoms to recognize prediabet, and in the following articles I will describe how to eat when chronic pancreatitis And how to treat this condition. By the way, this condition, with the right approach, can be cured and become a normal person or aggravate and become a diabetic. Only the result depends on your behavior than this disease will turn for you.

Preparate symptoms. Personal experience.

1. Sleep disturbance. With violation of tolerance to the gyucose, a hormonal background is changing, the amount of insulin decreases. On these changes, the body meets insomnia. You are all right, but it's not possible to fall asleep. Sleep does not come and you get into a circular order without sleep.
2. Itching in the back pass. Because glucose in the body is not triggered at the right time, blood becomes thick and stuck in small vessels of piggy banks. A large number of these vessels is in the rear pass and intestines, as well as in the eyes. What causes itching. Very well felt in people predisposed to varicose veins.
3. Violation. As in the previous paragraph, the violation is due to the fact that the blood supply to small vessels is disturbed, which leads to loss of vision. Flashing of asterisks and other features associated with violation of vision.
4. Thirst and stripped urination. Thirst arises due to the fact that the body struggles with high blood sugar using moisture contained in the body, i.e. From the body, the entire moisture is closed to dilute thick blood. From here there is a strong thirst, and in subsequently strong urination. The process passes until the blood sugar level reaches 5.6-6 mol.
5. Headaches. It is prediating such a disease that is strongly reflected on the vessels, so frequent headaches in the morning hours or in the evening are logical in violations of tolerance to carbohydrates.
6. Fever at night. I personally had the night was the most favorite time. Since the day is not noticeable. And at night because increased sugar In the blood, I warsed as a stove. On Winter Street, and you are open with you and hot.
7. Strong weight loss. Insulin hormone, which opens the cage and imparts glucose there. Thus, glucose or turns into energy or postponed about the stock by our organism. Cells of our body feed on glucose. With predict, little insulin and glucose is not triggered during and dangles in the blood not recycled. Really we have elevated sugar in blood. I lost 10 kg within 3 months.
8. Savorms muscles at night. Due to the poor nutrition of the muscle tissue at night, the convigions of the muscles occur.
9. Increased blood sugar level 2 hours after meals.
10. Violated indicators in blood tests, especially in the mineral composition.

Here with such a set of signs I have lived half a year in the fight against prediabet. Well, all the same, we do not live in Africa and can determine these symptoms when analyzing. I will tell you what to do and what tests to pass to understand if you predict.

Blood on sugar nodes - we measure the level of glucose on bells.

The first thing to do is to go to the doctor. Go directly to the endocrinologist, you can only lose time at the therapist. Although if he gives you to pass the blood test on sugar, it will help you. We remember, we rent blood on sugar of nodes in your clinic. Normal indicator 5, if 6.7 and above all run to the doctor. But I had an indicator of 5 mol. Because the clinic is not located near the house and while I drove and sat in the line of glucose time he had time to see. As a result, the therapist found nothing. I still did not eat after 19-00. I was hot to sleep and I artificially reduced the level of glucose. To determine the disease, it is necessary to undergo a glucose-tolerant test. This method is 80% will give an answer if you have disorders in the absorption of glucose. The test cannot be carried out if your pancreas hurts. As you get carbohydrate shock and even more inflame the gland. The test is carried out on bells. You give to drink 75gg glucose and then measure blood sugar levels. It turns out a carbohydrate curve. If you have 1 hour after the blood sugar rate is more than 11, and 2 hours are more than 6, then you have predium or worse than diabetes. What to do if your pancreas hurts and can not do a glucose-tolerant test. You must donate blood on C-peptide and insulin. If one of the indicators, and more often two below the norms, then you have a violation of glucose tolerance or is developing prediabet. I recommend reading my next post and find out how diet helps with pancreatitis.

Survey of the pancreas. Analyzes

If you want to check your pancreas, I recommend to pass the following tests. You can burn them to the leaf (title) and come to the doctor. The therapist needs to give a sheet, let him write the necessary directions. Many doctors really do not know this organ and give common analyzes that can show anything at the initial stage, and the disease will already develop in your body.

Analyzes

They are prescribed for when suspected damage to the pancreas.

1. α-amylaza
2. Amylaza Pancreatic
3. Lipasa
4. Glucose
5. Insulin

The following profile will make it possible to assess the degree of violations of carbohydrate and lipid exchanges, the function of the liver and kidneys, to hold differential diagnosis Sugar diabetes I and II types. It is very important. Remember, you can miss the time and give the cells to die. It cannot be allowed either then there is no way back road.

1. General urine analysis
2. Microalbumin in urine
3. Glucose
4. Glycated hemoglobin
5. Insulin
6. C-peptide
7. Cholesterol

Additionally:
Antibodies to the island cells of the pancreas. This complex analysis I did not.
Not every doctor may write this profile. If it is problematic, follow the analyzes for a fee.

midleast.net.

What is a similar violation?

What is a violation of glucose tolerance? At a similar condition, a person has an increase in blood glucose. The amount of sugar is higher than normal, but at the same time lower than that in which patients are diagnosed with a second-type diabetes mellitus.

Thus, the violation of tolerance is one of the risk factors. The results of recent scientific studies have proven that about a third of patients in the end develops diabetes. However, subject to some rules and competently selected medical treatment Metabolism is normalized.

The main causes of glucose tolerance

Not in all cases doctors can determine why the patient has developed such a disease. Nevertheless, it was possible to find out the main causes of violation of glucose tolerance:

• First of all, it is worth mentioning about genetic predisposition, which takes place in many cases. If someone from your close relatives has diabetes mellitus, the probability of developing such a state increases at times.
• In some patients, the so-called insulin resistance is detected in the diagnostic process, in which the sensitivity of cells to insulin is broken.
• In some cases, the violation of glucose tolerance is developing as a result of diseases of the pancreas, in which its secretory activity is disturbed. For example, the problems with carbohydrate exchange can appear on the background of pancreatitis.
• For reasons, some of the diseases of the endocrine system can also be attributed, which are accompanied by metabolic disorders and increase blood sugar levels (for example, Izeno-Cushing's disease).
• One of the risk factors is obesity.
• A sedentary lifestyle also negatively affects the work of the body.
• Sometimes a change in the amount of sugar in the blood is associated with the reception of drugs, in particular, hormonal means (in most cases, glucocorticoids become "culprits").

Violation of glucose tolerance: symptoms

Unfortunately, such pathology in most cases proceeds asymptomatic. Patients rarely complain about deterioration of well-being or simply do not notice him. By the way, for the most part, people with a similar diagnosis suffer from overweight, which is associated with violation of normal metabolic processes.

With exacerbation of carbohydrate disorders, they begin to appear characteristic signswhich accompanies a violation of glucose tolerance. Symptoms In this case, it is thirst, a feeling of dry mouth and increased fluid consumption. Accordingly, patients also have a rapid urination. Against the background of hormonal and metabolic disorders, a significantly reduction in immune defense is observed - people become extremely susceptible to inflammatory and fungal diseases.

What is dangerous such a disorder?

Of course, many patients with such a diagnosis are interested in issues of what is dangerous violation of glucose tolerance. First of all, a similar condition is considered dangerous because in the absence of treatment, a very high risk of developing a well-known cunning disease, namely type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, such a disorder increases the likelihood of the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Basic diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of "violation of glucose tolerance" can only be delivered by the doctor. To begin with, the specialist will inspect and collect history (the presence of certain complaints from the patient, information on previously transferred diseases, the presence of people in the family with diabetes, etc.).

Further, a standard blood test is carried out on the level of sugar. The sample fence is made in the morning, an empty stomach. This procedure is carried out in any polyclinic. As a rule, the level of glucose in such patients exceeds 5.5 mmol / l. However, a special test for glucose tolerance is needed to establish an accurate diagnosis.

Test and testimony to its conduct

Such a study today is one of the most affordable and effective methods Diagnostics of a condition called "violation of glucose tolerance". But although testing is pretty simple, the correct preparation is extremely important here.

For several days before the blood fence, the patient is recommended to avoid stress and increased physical activity. The procedure is carried out in the morning and an empty stomach (no earlier than 10 hours after the last meal). At first, the patient take a portion of blood, after which it is proposed to drink a glucose powder dissolved in warm water. After 2 hours, re-elevated blood. In the laboratory conditions determine the level of sugar in samples and compare the results.

If the blood sugar level in the blood was 6.1-5.5 mmol before taking glucose, and two hours later jumped to 7.8-11.0 mmol / l, then we can already talk about the violation of tolerance.

In fact, experts recommend to undergo such testing to each person at least once every two years - this is a very effective prophylactic precaution that will help identify the disease on early stage. Nevertheless, there are some risk groups for which the analysis is mandatory. For example, testing often sends people with genetic predisposition to diabetes, as well as patients suffering from obesity, arterial hypertension, increased level Cholesterol, atherosclerosis, neuropathy of obscure origin.

Violation of glucose tolerance: treatment

If the tolerance test gave a positive result, you immediately need to contact the endocrinologist. Only a specialist knows what therapy requires a violation of glucose tolerance. Treatment at this stage, as a rule, is not medicated. However, the patient is required as quickly as possible to change the usual lifestyle.

It is extremely important to ensure that the body weight is within the normal range. Naturally, sitting on strict diets or exhaust the body intensive exercise Do not. You need to fight extra kilograms, gradually changing the diet and increasing physical activity. By the way, training should be regular - at least three times a week. It is worth abandoning smoking, as this harmful habit leads to narrowing vessels and damage to the pancreatic cells.

Of course, you need to carefully monitor the level of sugar in the blood, regularly undergo surveys from the endocrinologist and take the necessary analyzes - this will give an opportunity to determine the presence of complications in time.

If such treatment turned out to be ineffective, the doctor may prescribe some drugs lowering blood sugar levels. But it is worth understanding that there is no universal panacea from such a disease.

Proper nutrition - an integral part of therapy

Of course, nutrition plays an extremely important role in the treatment of such pathology. Violation of glucose tolerance requires a special diet. First of all, it is worth changing the mode of meals. Patients are recommended to eat 5-7 times a day, but portions should be small - it will help to remove the load from the organs of the digestive system.

What other changes requires a violation of glucose tolerance? The diet in this case must eliminate sweets - sugar, candy, sweet pastries are prohibited. In addition, it is worth limiting the number of products containing easily-friendly carbohydrates are bread and bakery products, pasta, potatoes, etc. Experts also recommend to reduce the amount of fats - do not abuse fatty varieties of meat, butter, bass. At the time of rehabilitation, it is also worth abandoning coffee and even tea, because these drinks (even without sugar) have a property to increase blood glucose levels.

What should the patient's diet? First of all, these are vegetables and fruits. They can be used in cheese, boiled, baked form. The required amount of proteins can be obtained by entering the menu of non-fat varieties of meat and fish, nuts, legumes, milk and fermented dairy products.

Main prophylactic measures

Violation of glucose tolerance can be extremely dangerous. And in this case it is much easier to avoid such a disorder than to face the risk of diabetes mellitus. To maintain the normal operation of the body, only some simple rules must be observed.

To begin with, it is worth correcting the diet. Experts recommend fractional food - there are 5-7 times a day, but necessarily small portions. IN daily menu It is worth limiting the amount of sweets, baking and too fatty food, replacing it with fresh fruits, vegetables and other useful products.

It is important to monitor the body weight and provide the body with the necessary physical exertion. Of course, excessive physical activity can also be dangerous - the load should be increased gradually. Of course, physical education should be regular.

Serious, invisible illness for the body becomes a violation of glucose tolerance. Pathology is hazardous for humans due to the secret nature of manifestation, which leads to late treatment and development of unpleasant diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Competent timely treatmentBased on proper dietwill help to avoid complications and cope with the threat at the beginning of its origin.

What kind of pathology?

Violation of glucose tolerance (NGT) means that the level of glucose on an empty stomach does not particularly exceed the norm, but after meals, carbohydrates will be more difficult to worry, which will lead to sugar jump. NGT is not a disease, but acts as a serious harbinger possible violations in organism. Anxiety signals, with inattention to their reasons, can grow into diabetes 2 types, which will be impossible to cure.

Causes of occurrence

It is not significant in medicine that it can specifically disrupt glucose tolerance. However, often fixable causes of violation of glucose tolerance, among them:

• Family predisposition. The high probability of the development of the disease, if relatives are subject to death.
• Disruled sensitivity of cells to insulin.
• Failures in the work of the pancreas, which is responsible for insulin.
• Pathology of the endocrine system provoking failure in metabolic processes.
• Overweight. It becomes a serious cause of overwrecking all the functions of the body and provoking failure in the exchange processes.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Medical influence on the body.

Symptoms of illness

The symptoms of the disease are absent, to identify themselves that the glucose tolerance is violated almost impossible. This means that the signs are developing upon the occurrence of the diabetes stage, therefore, the manifestations sometimes include increased thirst, respectively, increased urination, dryness in the oral cavity. However, symptoms are blurred and in summer may be regarded by a consequence of heat.

The protective barriers of the body decrease with the deterioration of NGT, which leads to violation exchange processes, as a result, worsens the quality of hair, skin cover, nail plate. A person has low activity, apathetic, the body is amenable to viral attacks, psycho-emotional depletion is manifested, endocrine functionality is often disturbed.

The consequences of NGT

Violation of glucose tolerance has several negative consequences. The first of these is the type of type 2, which is chronic and is not subject to full cure. The second unpleasant consequence is the high probability of developing cardiovascular pathologies. The increase in blood lungs leads to difficulties with vessels, it becomes difficult to distinguish between blood, which can provoke a break and loss of functionality of a series of vessels.

The duration of hyperglycemia directly affects the nature of complications and their manifestations.

Diagnosis of violation

Diagnosis of violation of glucose tolerance is possible using a certain blood test. Checking the increase in home conditions with a glucometter will not bring special results. Analysis will be an analysis conducted after consumption of carbohydrates, blood is checked on the possibility of rapid absorption of glucose. At the reception, the doctor necessarily constitutes anamnesis of the disease, after which the patient directs the passage of a number of tests:

• clinical blood analysis;
• general urine analysis;
• biochemistry;
• blood on sugar in an empty stomach.

The most important analysis by which the violation of glucose tolerance is diagnosed is diagnosed, a glucose-beaded test remains. During pregnancy, this test takes place all women for early detection of gestational diabetes. During the analysis, it will be possible to identify NTG, as well as the NGN. The test is carried out in several stages:

• blood fence on an empty stomach;
• glucose load check;
• new blood fence after 2 hours.