Iron is one of the most important trace elements in the human body. It is a part of cells, and also participates in hematopoiesis. Iron is the main hemoglobin, which is required to carry oxygen to tissues. With its lack, a person develops anemia. Moreover, it is the iron deficiency form of this disease that occurs most often. If a person develops such a condition, then the usual route of entry of this trace element into the body - from food - turns out to be ineffective. Therefore, iron preparations are prescribed for anemia, which make up for its deficiency.

Indications for use

Usually, iron enters the human body through food. There are many foods that contain this micronutrient. It is released from them in the intestines, and the excess goes to the depot, from where it is used as needed. But in some cases, the iron content in the blood decreases, and iron deficiency anemia develops. It occurs most often in women, especially during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Children and adolescents, people exposed to increased mental and physical activity... It also arises when chronic diseases, for example, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis or cancerous tumors, as well as in violation of the digestive system, due to which the absorption of many microelements is impaired.

Iron deficiency anemia occurs with frequent bleeding, for example, with a bleeding stomach ulcer, hemorrhoids, or heavy periods... A lack of iron can be observed in people who do not eat properly, follow a diet, and in children who are bottle-fed. This trace element is poorly absorbed in diseases of the stomach and intestines, especially if the patient takes many antacids.

Only a doctor can prescribe iron supplements for iron deficiency anemia after examination and confirmation of the diagnosis. But this condition can be suspected by some of the symptoms:

Features of iron preparations

The main treatment for iron deficiency anemia is iron supplementation. After all, changing the diet in this case will no longer help. Therefore, the cause of the development of this pathology is eliminated and iron preparations in a tablet, capsules, syrup or in injections are prescribed for anemia. The most effective and appropriate is the use of drugs in tablet form containing ferrous iron. They have fewer contraindications, are better absorbed and are cheaper. But the choice of treatment method should be determined by the doctor.

Even the most best drugs iron in anemia can cause poisoning and other side effects. Therefore, the dosage and duration of treatment is chosen by the doctor individually. They often start with a small dose and gradually increase it. Typically, the course of treatment is 2-6 months, with the first 4-6 weeks prescribed therapeutic doses, and then prophylactic. Most often, the therapeutic dose is 180-200 mg of iron per day.

Classification of drugs

There are many similar products, they all contain different amounts active substance, in various forms. Most often it is used in them It is absorbed in the digestive tract, for this it is necessary to have a sufficient amount of hydrochloric acid... Therefore, such drugs are poorly absorbed with low acidity of gastric juice. Iron is better absorbed in the presence of vitamin C, lactic acid, animal products. And some antibiotics, calcium and drugs from the antacid group interfere with its absorption.

Usually, all iron preparations for anemia are divided into two groups. The most commonly used are those that contain its bivalent form. They are available in the form of tablets or capsules and are rapidly absorbed. Ferrous iron is highly bioavailable and fully absorbed. In difficult cases, preparations containing ferric iron are used. They are available in the form of a solution for injection. These drugs are usually more expensive, but are less absorbed. Indeed, in order for this form of iron to be used by the body, it must be split. This requires the presence of ascorbic acid.

Ferrous iron for anemia

Ask your doctor for the names of the drugs that are most often taken. But they are prescribed only according to strict indications, depending on the severity of the course of anemia and the individual condition of the patient. The specialist will advise which iron supplements are better absorbed in case of anemia, in what dosage and how to take them. There are several medications that are most commonly used:

Ferric iron preparations

Recently, drugs containing ferrous iron have been replaced by new ones. They include this trace element in trivalent form. It is believed to be more effective. Although these drugs exist mainly in injectable form, they are also more likely to cause side effects... There are several of the most effective drugs iron for anemia with a similar composition:

• "Maltofer" is used in patients with ferrous iron intolerance. It is indicated during pregnancy, during puberty. It is well absorbed and has almost no side effects.
• "Ferrum Lek" is well tolerated, therefore it is often prescribed during pregnancy. Available in syrup, chewable tablets and injectable solution.
• "Ferlatum" not only compensates for the lack of iron, but also stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin. It is used at any age, it is indicated during pregnancy.
• "Argeferr" is used only as an injection. It is indicated in the event that the patient cannot take pills for some reason.

Preparations for injection

In the treatment of anemia, injections are not always used. They have many contraindications, therefore, they are prescribed in some cases:

• after surgery on the stomach or intestines;
• with exacerbation of gastrointestinal pathologies;
• in the most severe cases of anemia;
• if you urgently need to saturate the body with iron, for example, before surgery;
• with intolerance to these drugs in tablets.

These drugs work faster and can increase hemoglobin in a few hours. In this case, the following drugs are prescribed:

Medicines for children

If a child has iron deficiency anemia, it is imperative to give him the drugs prescribed by the doctor. Moreover, now special forms of them are produced, created for children. These are syrup or drops that are convenient to take, they do not irritate the mucous membrane and are well absorbed. In addition, there are chewable tablets with different flavors, and you can also crush a regular tablet and add to children food... But you can use for treatment only those medicines that the doctor prescribes. The specialist can determine which better drugs iron for anemia to give to the child:

Treatment of anemia in pregnant women

Women need to take iron supplements during pregnancy, even if there is no decrease in hemoglobin. But the dosage and duration of such treatment should be determined by the doctor. In the absence of anemia, a prophylactic intake in the third trimester of 30-40 mg of iron is recommended. The same dosage is indicated for a woman's predisposition to anemia. At the same time, the administration of drugs is prescribed periodically: at 12-15 weeks, then at 21-25 several times a week.

If a decrease in hemoglobin is detected during pregnancy, a therapeutic dose of drugs is immediately prescribed - 100-200 mg. If the anemia was before conception, then an increased dose of 200 mg is taken throughout the entire period, and the treatment is not stopped after childbirth. The doctor will tell you what are the best iron supplements for anemia to take for a pregnant woman. Most often, drugs are prescribed in tablets: Sorbifer Durules, Totema, Ferrum Lek, Maltofer. It is advisable to additionally take folic acid, which improves the absorption of iron. There are complex drugs, for example, "Gino-Tardiferon" or "Fenyuls".

Contraindications and side effects

Iron supplements can only be taken with iron deficiency anemia. They are contraindicated in the case of hemolytic or aplastic forms of pathology. Such funds are not prescribed also with cancers blood, liver or kidney disease, during treatment with calcium preparations, "Levomecitin", "Tetracycline" or antacids.

Sometimes there is an intolerance to iron preparations. Moreover, replacing one drug with another will not correct the situation, since iron itself has an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this case, you can switch to injecting drugs or reduce the dosage by half.

When taken orally, even the best iron supplements for anemia can cause negative reactions. The most common side effects are:

• nausea, vomiting;
• pain and heaviness in the abdomen;
• decreased appetite, metallic taste in the mouth;
• flatulence;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• allergic skin reactions.

When drugs are injected, these reactions are more common. In addition to them, there may be weakness, dizziness, pain in the joints and head, tachycardia, fever. With this use of drugs, it is also possible which is expressed in severe poisoning. In this case, it is necessary to cancel the treatment, rinse the stomach and give the patient a drink of milk.

Rules for taking these drugs

Only a specialist can determine which iron supplements are best for anemia. After all, not only the lack of this trace element is dangerous, but also its overdose, since the body cannot remove excess iron, accumulating it. This can lead to severe poisoning. Therefore, during treatment, it is necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations and observe the selected dosage. Usually, the first improvement in the patient's condition is observed after 2-3 days of taking iron preparations for anemia, but the course of treatment must be completed - it is usually recommended to take them for at least 2 months. Since only during this time the level of hemoglobin can normalize, and you still need to create a depot - a supply of iron for an emergency. Therefore, blood tests are done regularly during treatment.

The peculiarity of taking iron preparations for anemia is that they stain the feces. It becomes dark, almost black, and if necessary, be tested for hidden blood the result may be positive, so notify your doctor about taking these medications. For better absorption of iron preparations in case of anemia, it is recommended to drink them on an empty stomach. It is undesirable to drink the tablets with tea or milk, as these drinks impair the absorption of this trace element. It is recommended to take ascorbic, citric or succinic acid, sorbitol together with drugs. And the main rule of treatment is to drink only those drugs that are prescribed by a doctor. Even the best iron supplements for anemia can have side effects.

When making a diagnosis, a full-fledged treatment of the child is necessary, especially if it is a baby in the first years of life, when a decrease in hemoglobin can dramatically and quickly affect the processes of physical and neuropsychic development. In the treatment of IDA (abbreviated as iron deficiency anemia), both non-drug measures and medications are used. However, self-administration of any iron preparations, as well as attempts to raise hemoglobin with only one diet, without taking iron-containing agents with low hemoglobin values ​​in the analyzes, is prohibited. This can lead to serious consequences and complications.

The importance of visiting a doctor

With a child of any age, if anemia is suspected, it is necessary to visit a doctor and conduct a thorough examination. This is necessary due to the fact that only a specialist can correctly assess the results not only, but also of all steel, which can indicate the reason for the decrease in hemoglobin (and this can be not only iron deficiency, but also many other reasons). If IDA is determined, the specialist will select the optimal combination of drugs, including prescription drugs, since today most of the iron-containing drugs in the treatment of anemia in children are sold in pharmacies strictly according to a prescription.

It is important not only to choose the type of drug and its dosage regimen, but also to adjust the nutrition of the crumbs, add components and drugs to it that will help in the absorption of iron preparations and reduce the risks of complications from treatment.

Anemia does not always refer to an independent pathology and is often a symptom of certain diseases, the elimination of which will help in correcting the hemoglobin level. Therefore, you always need to contact a pediatrician or hematologist in case of deviations in the hemoglobin content.

Identifying the root cause of anemia and treating it will help in normalizing hemoglobin levels, sometimes even without medication. So, against the background and the process of absorption of iron is difficult, which threatens anemia, and against the background of a deficiency of protein or vitamins B9 or B12, the synthesis of hemoglobin and erythrocytes suffers.

Is it possible to increase hemoglobin without drugs

When it comes to latent iron deficiency, detected by data biochemical analysis(at the same time, the hemoglobin level in a child under one year old is not lower than 105-110 g / l, and in an older child of this age is not lower than 100-105 g / l), then against the background of the correction of vitamin deficiency and metabolic disorders with a diet enriched with foods containing iron, it is possible to do without drug treatment... If hemoglobin decreases due to certain diseases, their treatment will become the leading one, and if against this background hemoglobin does not increase, also correction of anemia.

Attention! Severe IDA with hemoglobin below 100 g / l in children of any age without taking special iron preparations is impossible, the effect will be unstable and temporary, and most likely the anemia will only progress. Any activities - taking vitamins, walking, physical activity and nutritional supplements- these are only auxiliary methods against the background of drug treatment.

However, it is also not worth taking iron supplements without a doctor and the available indications, an excess of iron in the body of children is no less dangerous than a shortage. Therefore, the type of drug, the form of its administration and the dosage are selected only by the doctor. He also controls the treatment process and drug tolerance.

Parents should ensure that during therapy, the child receives adequate nutrition with an abundance of fresh fruits, which increases the absorption of iron. In addition, the correct combination of drugs with food (especially dairy and cereal products that interfere with the absorption of iron), and the selection of the right drinks for drinking the drugs is important.

Attention!It is forbidden to give children any dietary supplements and food additives advertised on TV or on the Internet, you should not experiment with adult forms of medicine and traditional medicine. This can lead to serious complications.

What you need to know about treating iron deficiency anemia in children

Even properly selected iron supplements cannot raise hemoglobin in a few days or a week.

It is considered a very good rate to increase hemoglobin by 1-2 units per week, and accordingly, to increase it from 100 to 110 g / l, at least 5-10 weeks of taking drugs in a therapeutic dose is required. To then consolidate the results, you need to take the drug in a prophylactic dose for at least 6-8 weeks in order to saturate the body with iron and form its depot in tissues and organs.

Control tests to assess the effectiveness of treatment should be carried out no earlier than 4-6 weeks from the start of taking the drugs, earlier the results may not be so obvious.

It is important to combine all regimens, nutrition and all other medical recommendations regarding the intake of corrective supplements and enzymes, vitamin and mineral complexes. So, in complex therapy apply:

• Application enzyme preparations that normalize digestion, improve iron absorption and help eliminate various problems in the digestive system.
• taking vitamin B12, both as part of the complexes and in isolation, mainly in the form of oral forms, and not injectables (they are poorly tolerated by the child due to pain and fear).
• correction due to food and intake and prebiotics, stool normalization.
• reception and in age-related dosages to improve the absorption of drugs.

Medicines for anemia for children: goals and means

The main goal in treating children from IDA is to completely eliminate iron deficiency by raising hemoglobin to normal values, as well as to replenish its reserves in the body for the prevention of subsequent relapses of pathology. This can be achieved completely only by finding out and eliminating the true cause of anemia. The treatment is based on the postulates formulated by Idelson at the end of the last century:

• treatment of IDA without medications with iron is simply impossible
• predominantly, treatment should be carried out with drugs taken by mouth (injections are painful and associated with many complications)
• after hemoglobin stabilization, treatment does not stop immediately
• transfusion of blood or erythrocytes in order to increase hemoglobin is shown to children only for health reasons.

Thus, only through nutrition, especially if it is a plant food, even if it is rich in iron and vitamins, it is impossible to replenish the hemoglobin deficiency. Iron is absorbed more actively from animal food, but it will not be enough for treatment, only for prevention.

Medical treatment is carried out by a doctor, carefully and meticulously selecting drugs for the baby, since this substance will need to be taken for several months in a row. Not only the effectiveness of this drug is assessed, but also the negative effects that are possible when taking it, and the complications that may arise during treatment.

Today's medicines for children of different age groups are divided into two large groups:

• Ferrous salts, polysaccharide compounds, where it has an ionized form
• non-ionic drugs, where ferric iron is included in the structure of special complexes.

The first group includes:

• Ferrous sulfate is Aktiferrin, Ferroplex, Hemofer or Tardiferon
• Ferrous chloride - Hemofer
• Ferrous fumarate - Ferronate
• Ferrous gluconate - Totema

The second group includes:

• Hydroxide complex of ferric iron (iron sucrose) in the form of Venofer preparation (solution for injection)
• Polymaltose complex with iron released as Maltofer or Maltofer-Fol, oral and injection forms FerrumLek.

When using iron-containing drugs by mouth, the increase in hemoglobin is a little slower than injections, but there is no pain from injections and stress, as well as the danger of abscesses and complications, the risk of hemosiderosis with prolonged use. Use in injections is indicated for children in cases of serious problems with intestinal absorption and removal of most small intestine.

Iron preparations for children and their forms in different age groups

The use of iron preparations is indicated for children, starting with early age, but the form of the drug and its dosage can vary significantly. So, in the period of infancy, syrups and drops will be preferable, and for school-age children and adolescents it can be chewable tablets, capsules, film-coated tablets.

Attention! For the treatment of anemia, any iron complexes are prescribed only by a doctor strictly according to a prescription. Without it, only prophylactic complexes and some drugs (Fenuls, Ferroglobin-B12 and Fenuls-100) are sold today. In different age groups there are recommendations for taking certain drugs, which is associated with their assimilation and the development of side effects, the form of administration and other conditions.

Children under three years old can be used by a doctor:

• Aktiferrin drops
• FerrumLek in syrup
• Hemofer drops
• Maltofer drops

For these drugs, the doctor accurately indicates the number of drops, calculated by the volume of iron in them.

V preschool age, from three to six years, are applicable:

• Aktiferrin in syrup
• FerrumLek in syrup
• Maltofer in syrup
• Ferroplex in dragee
• Totem in oral solution

The doctor also strictly calculates the dose of the drug, according to age and weight, taking it several times a day.

In the period from 7 years to 12, as well as in adolescents, they use:

• Ferroplex in dragee
• Maltofer chewable tablets
• FerrumLek chewable tablets
• Totem in oral solution
• Ferronate in oral solution
• Tardiferon tablets
• Hemofer tablets (prolongatum form)
• Aktiferrin capsules.
• Ferrogradation in tablets of prolonged action.

The drugs are usually well tolerated by patients, gradually absorbed in the intestine, uniformly creating a concentration of iron in the blood plasma. It is important to accurately determine the drug to be taken, as well as its dose and frequency of administration.

So, in the treatment of IDA, doses are used at the rate of 5 mg per kilogram of the child's weight per day, and with latent iron deficiency (sideropenic syndrome), half the dose from the calculated one. If we are talking about the prevention of iron deficiency in critical periods life, up to three years, up to 1.5 mg of iron per kilogram of weight is used, and after three years, half of the daily therapeutic dose.

Against the background of treatment of anemia with iron preparations, the child's stool becomes black due to the content of iron ions in it. This is not dangerous.

Side effects, nuances of admission

It is important to know that during the treatment of IDA in children with iron preparations, certain side effects and complications may occur, which in some cases require changing the dose or frequency of taking the drugs or replacing them with other forms and types of drugs. So, the use of salt forms of iron preparations can lead to stool disorders at the initial stage of treatment. In this regard, therapy begins with a quarter or half of the dose, with a gradual increase over two weeks to the calculated one. The dose escalation rate is calculated from the degree of iron deficiency in the child and the condition digestive system... This technique allows you to select especially effective means while reducing the risks of negative bowel reactions. In addition, ferrous iron preparations actively interact in the digestive tract with food and drink consumed, as well as other medications, which can hinder the absorption of iron. This makes it necessary to take these drugs at least one hour before meals.

Ferric iron preparations do not require increasing dosages, they are immediately used in full dose and do not depend on food intake, since nutrition does not affect their absorption in any way.

The effect of oral administration in the treatment of children manifests itself gradually, which is associated with the distribution of iron in the body. First, there is an improvement in well-being, and only after a few weeks, hemoglobin in the blood gradually rises. One of the clear signs of a positive effect from taking drugs is the elimination of muscle weakness or a sharp decrease in it. This is due to the fact that iron is an integral part of enzyme complexes that are involved in muscle contractions. By the end of the second week of treatment, an increase in the level of reticulocytes is observed in the blood test, and the increase in hemoglobin can be both smooth and abrupt. Usually, its increase is recorded no earlier than the third or fourth week of treatment. All the unpleasant ones disappear clinical symptoms after about two months, and full restoration of iron deficiency is achieved only after six months of therapy.

How much to be treated: criteria for the effectiveness of therapy

As hemoglobin in the peripheral blood of children normalizes, treatment cannot be stopped, since hemoglobin will rapidly and actively decrease again. It is necessary to continue therapy at half the therapeutic dose and further. With early termination of treatment, relapses of IDA are formed within the next months.

If we talk about the main course of treatment, it lasts at least 6-10 weeks, based on the initial severity of IDA. So, if we talk about a preventive course of treatment, as hemoglobin is restored, in order to create reserves of the mineral with a mild degree of anemization, therapy is continued for another two months, with a moderate degree - three months, and with severe course- more than three months.

The use of iron in ampoules for injection is justified in cases of iron deficiency anemia. The drugs that are administered parenterally (with the help of injections) begin to act faster and help to cope with anemia in especially severe cases. There are many pros and cons to substance injections. All features of intramuscular and intravenous administration iron supplements are described below.

When injections are prescribed

Indications for parenteral droppers or injections, when iron is administered intravenously (intramuscularly), are situations when the patient must urgently receive a dose of a useful substance. The use of ampoules is prescribed when the patient, due to injuries, systemic disorders or temporary illnesses, cannot fully absorb iron through the gastrointestinal tract.

Indications for the use of exclusively injections of the drug:

1. Ulcerative colitis in the stomach or intestines in acute form. The use of iron for an ulcer does not in itself harm the ulcer patient. However, often during therapy with iron orally (with taking tablets by mouth), drugs are additionally prescribed to increase the acidity of the gastric environment. The higher the acidity, the better the substance is absorbed. A sharp drug-induced increase in the acidic environment in the stomach can lead to an exacerbation of ulcerative formations.
2. Systemic disorders of iron absorption. A person may be genetically predisposed to impaired absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes dysfunctions occur against the background of hormonal disruption, transferred intestinal virus, etc. In any case, if the patient's body poorly absorbs iron from the intestines, there is no point in taking the drugs orally. It is necessary to inject the substance intravenously or intramuscularly so that the patient receives the full dose of the element. Assimilation problems occur with pancreatitis, enteritis and similar disorders.
3. Partial removal of the stomach or small intestine. In violation of the natural physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, the assimilation of some elements, including iron, is significantly impaired. In order to increase the effectiveness of therapy, specialists in the case of surgical removal of tissue prescribe injections.
4. Complete removal of the stomach. The indications are the same as described above.
5. Intolerance to iron salts. This allergy can be circumvented by immediately injecting a useful element intravenously or intramuscularly.
6. Colitis of the ulcerative type.

Most often, ampoules are used if the patient suffers from traumatic anemia (has lost a lot of blood, as a result of which the hemoglobin values ​​have sharply decreased). To quickly restore vital stores and reduce the risk of death, doctors use the parenteral method of administering the drug.

Important. The doctor should determine the need for injections.

With small degrees of malabsorption (impaired absorption of iron or other substances), oral tablets can still be prescribed, and not injections, simply by supplementing the course of tablets with drugs to increase the acidity of the stomach. In the case of ulcerative exacerbation, intolerance to the components and colitis, they must switch to parenteral administration.

If you suffer from one of the listed disorders, you must promptly inform your doctor. Then he will pick the right one for you parenteral drug... If you keep silent about the presence of gastrointestinal problems or allergic reactions, the consequences can range from a decrease in the effectiveness of therapy to a fatal outcome in the event of anaphylactic shock.

Benefits of injections

Iron when injected intramuscularly or intravenously is absorbed better. If, when absorbed through the stomach, part of the element is filtered by the liver, then with direct administration, natural filtration is much lower. This is the main advantage of ampoules with the substance, but there are other advantages:

1. Safe for allergy sufferers. If it is introduced directly into the blood, iron does not enter into chemical reactions, and iron salts are not formed. But it is iron salts that often cause rashes and other allergic manifestations.
2. The ability to quickly replenish stocks of trace elements. If a patient replaces tablets with an iron preparation, which is administered intravenously, the rate of obtaining substances is accelerated tenfold. When taken orally, the substance must go from oral cavity to the blood, while passing through the esophagus. To reach the maximum concentration of the drug, you have to wait 2-3 hours. When using injections, the absorption rate is 15-20 minutes.
3. Use of small dosages. It is enough to make one injection of 1-5 ml (depending on the drug) to give the patient a daily dose of the drug. If tablets are used, then you have to drink several capsules with a dosage of 50 mg.
4. No side effects in the mouth. If the drugs are taken orally, then on the tongue and on the inside of the teeth is often formed gray bloom... With parenteral use, there are no such side effects, which allows you not to worry about your appearance.
5. Saving. Ampoules with an equal amount of drug usually cost less than boxes of blisters. The fact is that the packages themselves cost less, plus more excipients are used in the manufacture of tablets than when creating solutions for injections.

However, it cannot be said that the use of injections is the most convenient and optimal option for treatment. This method of administration of the drug also has a number of disadvantages. They are presented below.

Disadvantages of parenteral administration

The injections are painful, leave marks on the hands and can cause fear in children. These are not all the negative aspects of intravenous (intramuscular) administration. The disadvantages of this method include:

1. Inconvenience in using the drug. It cannot be entered at work, at school, at the university. You have to wait for the moment when the patient is at home. It is very difficult to inject correctly in a public setting, and besides, not everyone understands why the patient resorts to using injections.
2. The need to see a doctor or injections on their own. Both options are bad. If you have injections at a doctor, you will have to spend time recording, waiting, traveling to the nearest medical department... If the patient gives injections on his own, the main drawback is the need to first learn how to do it correctly. If a person is not trained in basic injection skills, he may not enter a vein or muscle at all, but may give injections, which will be accompanied by severe pain and discomfort.
3. Painful sensations. At oral administration there are no inconveniences: you can only choke on a pill if you do not drink it with water. But when the injection procedure is carried out, if the skin is disturbed, even with a thin needle, unpleasant sensations may occur. They intensify at times if the injection was not carried out correctly, and a bruise arose. The hematoma can stay at the injection site for several days, all this time it causes discomfort.
4. Psychological discomfort. Emotional people, children will negatively perceive the need to constantly inject. For them, one injection is already a test, and if a specialist prescribes a whole course of injections as part of therapy, this can cause a complete rejection of the prescribed treatment.
5. Additional costs for syringes. Although disposable tools cost very little, the process of buying them, as well as the fact that the extra costs are small, can be annoying for many.

The main disadvantage of injections is the problem with using syringes. Poorly prepared patients with no contraindications for oral administration are always prescribed pills to make the therapy process easier.

How best to inject: intravenously or intramuscularly

Each of the methods of drug administration has its own characteristics. They are taken into account when prescribing a solution.

Intramuscular drugs are most readily absorbed by the body. To saturate the body, 1 ml of solution is enough. But the injections can be too painful. The body absorbs the substance faster than with venous administration.

Intravenous use is less painful, but the effect is achieved 1.5-2 times slower. To carry out one injection, 2.5-3 times more solution is required than when the drug is injected into the muscles. This is a more gentle type of injections.

Duration of therapy and acceptable dosages

Treatment is carried out until the content of the substance in the blood is restored. There are several stages of injection:

1. Primary. The patient uses the ampoules according to the dosage.
2. Secondary. The concentration of the substance in the blood has already been reached, it remains only to stabilize the reserves and prevent them from dissolving. Usually, the dosage is reduced by 2-3 times as indicated by the doctor.

Important. One course lasts up to six months in the case of oral administration. Since the injections work better, then the period of treatment with their help can be shortened.

Injections during pregnancy

In the case of pregnancy, specialists rarely prescribe injection treatment. There are no contraindications to oral administration of the drug. Injections can be prescribed only in the following cases:

• severe blood loss as a result of threatened miscarriage;
• severe toxicosis, accompanied by vomiting, due to which the body does not receive the full range of necessary substances.

Even if injections are prescribed, the period of their use does not last long: the patient remains in the hospital and receives injections for several days, after which she can switch to home use of tablets or capsules.

Possible side effects

A small papule or bruise may appear at the injection site. They quickly dissolve, but when touched they cause painful sensations.

Other probable problems after injections:

1. A rapidly developing allergic reaction. May lead to anaphylactic shock.
2. DIC syndrome.
3. Exceeding the permissible concentration of iron in the body. Leads to dizziness, nausea and other disturbances in well-being.
4. The appearance of abscesses in the area where the needle is inserted.

Important. Side effects are less likely to occur with professional injections.

The likelihood of allergic reactions

In the case of intravenous and intramuscular administration, there is a high risk of an allergic reaction. Some patients develop anaphylactic shock for a short time.

You can prevent an attack of allergies only by first checking the body for a tendency to it. A specialist should determine the level of sensitivity of the body to iron preparations.

If an allergy is detected, you will have to abandon the specific medicine and find an analogue. Often, an allergic reaction does not develop to iron itself, but to an auxiliary substance that is contained in the solution.

Contraindications to the use of injections

Injections are prohibited for some conditions of the body. Refuse to use this method introduction will be necessary if:

• the body is too sensitive to influences, which is why bruises constantly appear on the surface of the skin after injections;
• the body is oversaturated with iron;
• non-disposable, non-sterilized syringes are used;
• there is a suspicion of an allergic reaction from the body.

It is strictly forbidden to exceed the dosage. If, when taking tablets, it is calculated as 2 mg of the drug per kg of weight, then when using a solution, the calculations are different. The patient should not use more than one ampoule per day.

List of drugs for intravenous and intramuscular administration

List of medicines containing iron:

1. "Ferrum Lek" is a drug for intramuscular injection. Ampoules contain 2 ml of solution. Dextran and iron hydroxide are the main and only components of the substance. If you are allergic to dextran, the drug will have to be abandoned. Prescribed by weight, in one ampoule, the iron content is equivalent to 100 mg of tablets (maximum dose).
2. "Venofer" is available in 5 ml ampoules. One ampoule is the equivalent of a 100 mg tablet. In addition to iron, sucrose compound products are included in the composition. Can be observed allergic reactions with intolerance to sucrose.
3. Ferkoven. The ampoule is minimal, with a volume of only 1 ml. The composition contains cobalt compounds, carbohydrate complexes. Easily administered intravenously.
4. "Jectofer". It is considered a combination medication, because it contains citric acid. "Zhektofer" is injected into the muscles, the solution is released in containers of 2 ml.
5. Ferrlecite. Produced with sodium and iron gluconate in the composition. It can be in the form of a 1 ml ampoule for injection into the muscles or 5 ml (injected into a vein).

Prescribing should be done by a prescription specialist. The ampoule may not be sold without a prescription.

Many parents are wary of medications for their babies. The anxiety of many extends to iron supplements for children. Some even try to abandon the therapy recommended by the doctor, insisting on using only natural products to restore chemical parameters.

Such an attitude to treatment often leads to disastrous consequences - the disease progresses and becomes severe. It should be borne in mind that, in addition to the iron itself, the child needs vitamins and additional trace elements to assimilate the component. Do not forget that with the help of food it is almost impossible to saturate the child's body with therapeutic doses of iron.

Iron preparations: definition, purpose, indications for use

The use of iron for human body undeniable. This microelement is part of the hemoglobin of the blood, ensuring the saturation of cells and tissues with oxygen. Other vital chemical processes are impossible without iron: work circulatory system, formation of immune cells, cleansing of liver tissue and cholesterol metabolism.

A lack of a component leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia, which is especially dangerous for pregnant women and children of any age. In the first case, there is a risk of having a child with a number of pathologies. In the second, there is a likelihood that the baby will develop mental retardation, weakened immunity, decreased learning ability, and rapid fatigue.

Advice: Iron for children during the neonatal and infancy period should enter the child's body together with breast milk... If a nursing mother follows the rules of postpartum nutrition, feeds the baby on demand and does not have bad habits, the risk of developing anemia will be minimal. Despite the growing fashion for early weaning of babies, pediatricians advise women not to adhere to this trend, which increases the risk of problems in their toddlers.

Iron preparations for children are medications, which include salts or iron complexes in two and trivalent forms. It is strictly forbidden to independently select a suitable remedy for the child, because taking specialized medications implies a number of nuances. For example, vitamins (in particular, ascorbic acid) are needed to assimilate ferrous iron. Ferric iron will not be absorbed without a number of amino acids, which will carry the component's ions to the tissue bone marrow... Very often, iron for children is not prescribed separately, but in combination with auxiliary compounds.

With proper therapy, these products restore iron deficiency in the body, promote the synthesis of hemoglobin, and prevent the development of trophic changes in organs and tissues. Compositions often differ in the form of release and the set of active ingredients. Today, more and more actively used products, which already include vitamins and amino acids, necessary for maximum assimilation of the basic substance.

Parents should be aware that iron is more important for children than for adults. Their growing body may experience an increased need for a trace element in the cold season, during puberty (especially important for girls), years and months of excessive growth. But this does not mean that therapy can be prescribed and carried out independently. All manipulations and even correction of the usual diet are carried out only after consultation with a pediatrician.

Why isn't the right diet a substitute for medication?

“Properly organized food - best medicine from anemia! " Doctors are in a hurry to dispel the myth that has firmly established itself in the minds of modern mothers. Unfortunately, even if the baby is introduced to complementary foods in a timely manner, correctly switched to an “adult” diet and monitored his nutrition, there is no guarantee that he will not have problems with iron levels. The presence of meat, fish, cereals, fruits, legumes, cheeses and nuts in the diet of children will certainly make a beneficial contribution.

The necessary vitamins and microelements will actively enter the tissues, normal digestion will ensure the maximum absorption of the constituents by the intestinal villi. But with progressive anemia, only these actions will be useless. Iron that enters the human body with food is trivalent, it needs time and additional components to reach the bivalent state.

Experts recommend paying attention to two points that have a serious impact on the level of iron in the child's body. Firstly, the nutrition of the expectant mother during pregnancy. You should not give up specialized drugs if the doctor insists on them. Secondly, the iron index in a child will remain at an optimal level at least until adolescence, if prevention is carefully carried out infectious diseases seriously affecting children's immunity.

Popular drugs and their dosage forms

Despite the fact that iron for children, additional drugs and vitamins are prescribed by a pediatrician, it is worth familiarizing yourself with a number of rules, the observance of which will affect the quality of therapy:

1. The course of therapy is on average 6 to 12 weeks. In some cases, these terms are increased.
2. The average daily dose of a trace element depends on the age of the child. Up to a year, it is 4-10 mg, up to 6 years - 10 mg, up to 10 years - 12 mg, up to 17 years in boys - 15 mg, up to 17 years in girls - 18 mg.
3. Ferrous iron treatment usually starts at a quarter of the recommended dosage for age. It gradually increases to normal.
4. The average daily dose is usually calculated using the formula 2-3 mg of iron per kilogram of body weight. It is divided into three single doses.
5. In the first two months of life, most babies need iron supplementation because fatal erythrocytes are replaced with normal ones. At the same time, an emphasis is placed on vitamins.
6. The normalization of the child's condition at the chemical level is noted only a few weeks after the start of therapy. But the improvement in well-being manifests itself rather quickly. It is impossible to stop taking iron against such a background! The course must be completed.

To date, the following iron-containing drugs are most actively used in pediatrics:

• Drops. The best option for children of the very tender age. Children from birth to two years old are usually prescribed Hemofer, Maltofer, Aktiferrin. They are mixed with juice or tea.

• Syrup. Dosage form for toddlers aged 2 to 5 years. Ferronal, Aktiferrin, Ferrum Lek are syrups that, thanks to the measuring cap, can be measured in the right doses. The main thing is to strictly follow the doctor's prescription.

• Tablets. Option for older children. Hemofer, Tardiferron, Aktiferrin are completely swallowed and washed down with water. Chewing medicines will lead to staining of teeth in black or yellow color, increase the risk of irritation of the stomach lining.

During the period of therapy, we focus on vitamins in the child's diet. In addition to vegetables and fruits, we enrich daily menu meat products.

The nuances of taking iron supplements in childhood

In addition to the listed rules for conducting therapy, there are important nuances the use of iron-containing drugs in childhood:

1. The baby's feces may turn black. This is not dangerous and will go away after the end of the course of treatment. It is better to warn the child right away if he is at a conscious age.
2. The medicine is best taken on an empty stomach, at least one hour before meals.
3. If the baby has poor iron absorption or a tendency to side effects, it is better to give preference to preparations with enveloping additives.
4. Some medicines slow down the absorption of iron. Profiled agents are not prescribed at the same time as a number of antibiotics, antacids, calcium preparations.
5. Iron is not recommended to be combined with rice, eggs, bread, tea, soy. Dairy products during the period of therapy are allowed to be given to children no more than once a day, 2 hours after taking the medication.

Iron preparations and related vitamins are recommended to be used for at least a month after normalization chemical composition blood. But only if it is a doctor's recommendation.

Content

With iron deficiency anemia for successful treatment it is necessary to take iron supplements, use the time-tested folk remedies... Otherwise, the patient complains of general weakness, and frequent fainting becomes an unpleasant surprise for him. Action is required immediately, especially since iron in tablets and ampoules is sold commercially and in most cases is available to the patient at a price and is dispensed without a doctor's prescription.

What are iron supplements

These are medications different forms release, the active component of which is iron, which is necessary to restore hematopoiesis. It is possible to determine the iron deficiency state by a blood test, and the patient himself feels internal weakness, other signs of anemia. This is a disease that needs to be treated, otherwise the consequences and complications spread to everyone internal organs, systems. As an effective prevention, you can use vitamins with iron for women and men, systematically or seasonally increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Classification of iron preparations

If the patient has anemia, doctors prescribe medications with iron a full course, which can be equated by the principle of action to multivitamin complexes. Depending on the method of administration of the daily dose, there is a conditional classification of characteristic medications, which additionally differs in the speed of onset therapeutic effect, convalescence. For example, oral tablets are slow to work, while injectable drugs are faster and more productive. A more detailed classification is presented below.

For oral administration

If anemia occurs, iron preparations are prescribed in the form of capsules, tablets or pills. Taking such medications is indicated orally, without chewing, drinking plenty of water and not violating the prescribed daily dosage. Upon penetration, the active substances reach the stomach, from where their absorption and distribution through the systemic circulation is observed. This does not happen quickly, and it is expected therapeutic effect sometimes very frustrating with its mediocrity.

The optimal dose of iron entering the patient's body should correspond to 2 mg per 1 kg of body weight. It is not recommended to overestimate it, since there are side effects, medical contraindications. Below are the best of the best medicines available in pill form:

• Ferroplex;
• Maltofer;
• NovaFerrum;
• Feozol;
• Tardiferon.

Parenteral therapy

With extensive intestinal pathologies, the process of iron absorption is disrupted with its further spread through the blood. In such cases, the patient is prescribed parenteral therapy with the use of drugs with a high iron content. It is appropriate to perform similar injections for stomach ulcers and iron intolerance, as a valuable component of immunity. The maximum allowable dose in such a clinical picture is 100 mg, there are contraindications. The following are the most effective liquid iron preparations for injections:

• Venofer;
• Jectofer;
• Ferbitol;
• Ferrlecite;
• Ferrum Lek.

For intravenous administration

This better appointment with progressive anemia, since the maximum concentration of iron in the blood reaches 30-40 minutes after the injection. Shaking the stomach, the valuable components of the drug immediately transcend to the restoration of the disturbed circulatory system, somewhat change the composition of the blood. Such drugs are available in the form of injections, and are used more often, as emergency help a patient with pathologically low hemoglobin. WITH better side The following medications have proven themselves:

• CosmoFer;
• Institute;
• Ectofer;
• Ferinject.

Vitamins containing iron

For the purpose of prevention, the doctor prescribes modern multivitamin complexes, which contain in natural composition iron. Such drugs can rarely cause side effects, but it is also important to comply with the recommended daily doses. Among the advantages of such an appointment, it is necessary to emphasize that the intake of characteristic drugs exceeds the absorption of dietary iron by 20 times. However, the result of treatment and prevention depends not only on the dosage, but also on the right choice multivitamin complex.

For women

When choosing reliable vitamins, it is important to make sure once again that the concentration of iron prevailing in the composition is able to replenish the body's daily need for such a trace element. Only in this case, the treatment will be as effective as possible, will not harm the general state of health. Effective multivitamin complexes include the following pharmacological products, which can be freely purchased at any pharmacy:

• Compliment Iron;
• Elevit Pronatal (allowed during pregnancy);
• AlfaVit Classic;
• Vitacap (also allowed for pregnant women);
• Terawit.

For men

Iron deficiency anemia can also progress in the male body. Treatment should be timely, otherwise, among the signs of a characteristic ailment, doctors focus on joint pain, sleep and appetite disturbances, fatigue and increased sleepiness. Proper nutrition is not always able to restore the hemoglobin index in the blood, therefore the basis effective treatment are medications for anemia on the recommendation of the attending physician. Here are effective medicines in a given direction:

• Velman;
• Complies,
• Vitrum.

The use of so-called "stimulants" to raise the level of hemoglobin is necessary at any age, otherwise disorders in the body due to iron deficiency anemia become chronic. The development of the disease is first expressed general weakness, but then there are more serious consequences for immunity and the entire organic resource. Sitting on therapeutic diet and eating food from iron products, the desired result cannot be fully achieved. Additionally, it is recommended to use the following medications in a specific clinical picture:

• Totem;
• Tardiferon;
• NovaFerrum;
• Ferroplex;
• Hemofer.

For kids

Taking such medications in childhood is shown with great care, since a violation of the daily dose can lead to the development of dangerous diseases in the child's body. Therefore, such an appointment must be previously agreed with the attending physician, and the doses are determined according to the age category of the clinical patient. For a child, the use of the following medications is appropriate:

• Aktiferrin (capsules from 7 years old);
• Heferol (from 12 years old);
• Ferroplex (allowed from 3 years old);
• Tardiferon (tablets from 6 years old);
• Hemofer prolongatum (according to the weight category of a young patient).

Ferrous iron preparations

The active component of such medicines is ferrous sulfate or chloride, which is rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, and maintains an increased concentration in the blood for a long time. For children, ferric iron is recommended, which is safer for health. Medical preparations based on iron salts should be taken in daily dose 200 mg. The following are reliable options for what a ferrous iron cure for anemia might be:

• Sorbifer;
• Hemofer;
• Maltofer;
• Gino - Tardiferon;
• Aktiferrin;
• Ferrum Lek.

Pregnancy and iron supplements

If in an "interesting position" a woman is diagnosed with B12-deficiency anemia, the doctor prescribes preparations with the presence of iron, an additional intake folic acid... Take such medications strictly according to the instructions, otherwise, through ignorance or negligence, you can harm the intrauterine development of the embryo. The main goal is to increase hemoglobin, prevent oxygen starvation and fetal hypoxia. Most often, the doctor recommends the drugs Elevit Pronatal and Vitacap, produced in the form of tablets. Here are some helpful tips for pregnant patients:

1. Prophylactically, the dose of the medication chosen with the doctor should not exceed 30-40 mg of iron per day.
2. Iron deficiency anemia, which progresses during pregnancy, is treated with 100–200 mg of iron per day.
3. If the disease was formed before pregnancy and acquired chronic form, for 9 months of gestation, it is supposed to drink 200 mg of glands.

Which iron supplements are better

Buying any remedy, the patient counts on the positive dynamics of aspen disease, and drugs for the treatment of anemia are no exception. Some patients are sure that the solution for intravenous administration (iron in ampoules) is a panacea, others choose a more gentle way of using the medicine - syrup or tablets. In any case, the typical medication and its daily doses should be prescribed by the attending physician. Below are the favorites of such a new generation of pharmaceutical products:

• Sorbifer Durules;
• Totem;
• Heferol;
• Hemofer Prolangatum;
• Tardiferron.

Admission rules

Before choosing from the catalog, ordering and buying a medicine in the online store, you need to decide on the form of release of the medicine, the relevance of such a purchase and the permissible daily doses. This is necessary to reduce the risk of side effects, accelerate the positive dynamics of the underlying disease, and rapid and final recovery. Here are some valuable tips for patients who have to take medications that contain glands in the chemical composition:

1. If these are pills single dose do not chew, but swallow whole, while drinking plenty of water. Drops for oral administration can be previously dissolved in water and then drunk.
2. The best method introduction of iron into the body - intramuscularly or intravenously (using a dropper), since in this way the absorption of active components is accelerated, the absence of irritation of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
3. Before buying medicine in tablets or vials, you need to determine the valence of iron. For example, for better absorption of ferrous iron, vitamin C is needed, and trivalent iron - special amino acids (serine).

Side effects

When treating general state the patient may suddenly deteriorate. This is due to a systematic violation of daily dosages, or the body does not tolerate such active ingredients the prescribed medication. Side effects are temporary and require immediate correction of daily dosages. When ignoring such valuable advice clinical picture it only gets worse, and the symptoms of pathology become more pronounced:

• problems from the digestive tract, represented by indigestion, bloating, chronic constipation;
• pathology of the enamel of the teeth, which becomes faded and brittle, and the teeth may even begin to deteriorate;
• on the part of the skin, doctors do not exclude allergic reactions in the form of a rash, urticaria, and itching.

How to choose

It is important to start the choice not with the price of the medicine, but with the concentration of iron, which prevails in each tablet. It is very important not to harm health, in addition, the excess of a characteristic trace element is still not absorbed by the body. Therefore, the name of the medicinal product must be additionally agreed with the doctor, to avoid iron overdose. Other equally relevant selection criteria are detailed below:

1. Compound... For treatment, it is desirable to focus on the concentration of iron in the preparation; in prevention, you can give your preference to multivitamin complexes for the general strengthening of the whole organism.
2. Release form... Iron supplements are easier to take in pill form. However, if necessary quick action the choice is better to stop on injectable drugs with a rapid entry into the systemic circulation.
3. Manufacturer and cost... Such nuances conservative treatment, prevention needs to be discussed on an individual basis. However, it is worth noting that domestic products of medical preparations are no worse than imported ones.

Price

The cost of preparations with a concentration of iron in the natural composition is different, but doctors strongly recommend not to save on such an important purchase, your own health. This is explained by the need for quick positive dynamics, which will help to avoid serious complications of iron deficiency anemia. Below are the prices of both cheap and expensive medicines that meet all the stated requirements of a clinical patient and attending physician. So:

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment... Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Iron supplements: a list of the best