general characteristics and classification.

Enzyme preparations of microbial synthesis.

Enzyme preparations of other groups.

Literature:

Subbotin V.M., Subbotina S.G., Alexandrov I.D. Modern medicinal products in veterinary medicine. / Series "Veterinary and Livestock", Rostov-on-Don: "Phoenix", 2000. - 592 p.

Pharmacology / V.D. Sokolov, M.I. Rabinovich, G.I. Gorshkov and others under. ed. V.D. Sokolova. - M.: Kolos, 1997. - 543 p.

I.E. Brains. Pharmacology. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. - 445 p.

D.K. Worms, pd Evdokimov, A.S. Vishker. Drugs in veterinary medicine. - M.: Kolos, 1977. - 496 p.

M.I. Rabinovich. Workshop on veterinary pharmacology and recipe. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1988. - 239 p.

5. M.D. Mashkovsky. Medicines. - Moscow: "New Wave", 2000 Volume 1 - 530 p., Volume 2 - 608 p.

6. D.A. Harkevich. Pharmacology. - M.: Medicine, 2004. - 735 p.

7. V.N. Zhulenko, O.I. Volkov, B.V. Ears and others. General and clinical veterinary recipe. - M.: Kolos, 1998. - 551 p.

8. I.F. Klenova, N.A. Eremenko. Veterinary preparations in Russia. Directory. - agriczid, 2000. - 543 p.

9. Educational and methodological manual for independent work of students in general and private pharmacology / Tolkach N.G., Arrestov I.G. Golubitskaya A.V., Zhlevierovich Z.M. and others - Vitebsk, 2000. -37 p.

Modern pharmacological means and methods of their application: a teaching and methodological manual for private pharmacology. / Tolkach N.G., Arrestov I.G., Golubitskaya A.V. and others - Vitebsk 2001. - 64 p.

11. MD Mashkovsky. Medicines. M.: "New Wave", 2005 - 1015 p.

12. Drugs in veterinary medicine. Directory. Yatuusevich A.I., Tolkach N.G., Yatusevich I.A. and others. Minsk, 2006. -

General characteristics and classification.

Enzymes or enzymes are proteins of animals, microorganisms, plants that can accelerate (stimulate) the flow of chemical processes in cells and body fluids.

The body of the hotel cannot absorb the basic nutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fats), in the form in which they are in the feed. Only after the impact of various enzymes, they are discovered to simpler substances and are absorbed by the body.

Enzymes are able to increase the nutritional value of various feeds and reduce their consumption. They possess preventive and medical properties With different, and especially gastrointestinal diseases.

In animal husbandry, enzyme preparations are used to prepare feed, it makes it possible to obtain higher weight gains with less feed costs (feed costs are reduced by 6-14% per 1 kg of weight gain). In veterinary practice, lithic enzymes are widely used for the destructive cell shells of feed yeast, microorganisms, eggs of helminths and mushrooms (lysosubillyn, fermosorb, GZH rating, Renin GZH, Lizozyme GZH and others.

Many enzymes have anti-inflammatory effect. They match the denatured proteins of dead fabrics, which are the source of formation of various toxins. All enzyme preparations, depending on origin, are divided into 2 groups:

1. Enzyme preparations of microbial synthesis (origin);

2. Enzyme preparations of other groups (animal and vegetable origin).

There is a clinical classification of enzymes and classification by applying them:

1. Preparations used primarily with purulent necrotic processes (tripsin, chymotrypsin, chemicalsin, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, collogen ..........)

2. Fibrinolytic preparations (fibrinolysin, streptoliasis, streptodecadis, etc.)

3. Enzyme preparations that improve digestion processes (pepsin, gastric juice natural, abomin, pancreatin, pepsidyl, etc.)

4. Different enzyme preparations (lidase, ronidase, penicillinase, etc.).

Recently, in veterinary practice they indulge:

* Coenses - focal compounds included in enzymes and increase their activity (cocarboxylase);

* Enzyme inhibitors - substances suppressing enzymes (Holynessell inhibitors, fibrinolysin, etc.);

* Reactivators - substances restoring the inocatized function of enzymes (Holynessee reactivator dipiroxim, etc.)

Various factors affect the action of enzymes:

1. The composition of the diet. The most efficient hydrolysis of enzyme preparations is subjected to proteins, cellulose, starch, pectins, etc.

2. Temperature and pH. The optimal temperature is 35-40 0 s, pH - 5-8.

3. Using premixes. Adding ZNSO 4, MNSO 4, stimulate amylolytic activity.

4. It is good to combine enzyme preparations with antibiotics (cordogrizin, bacitracin).

5. The view and age of the animal. Features of physiology and biochemistry of digestion.

Dosage preparations in units of activity EA or units of each enzyme corresponds to such a quantity that catalyzes the conversion of one micromol substrate per 1 minute under standard conditions.

In the event of the appearance of pathologies of the digestion structures, sometimes there is a need to suppress their excessive enzymatic activity. As a rule, we are talking about the activity of the pancreas. It is when the disorder of its activity requires antimenimen therapy. Specialist is prescribed proteinase inhibitors.

Basic pharmacological properties

Pharmacological action of proteinase inhibitors It is the ability to inactivate proteolytic enzymes, as well as prevent the release of various active polypeptides - for example, kininov. Against the background of their admission, there is also a braking of the processes of inflammatory swelling of tissues by rapidly stabilizing the capillary permeability. The processes of activation of the plasma inhibitor already existing in the body of the human body or the organ itself are necessary.

The main properties of Anti-Resection experts include:

• significant reduction in pain impulses;
• reviving symptoms of general intoxication of the body;
• significant improvement in patient well-being;
• braking mechanism for the transition of the tissue edema in their necrosis against the background of hyperfermanitation;
• anti-shock effect;
• reducing exudation in serous cavities.

Thanks to the inclusion B. comprehensive therapy proteinase inhibitorsThe percentage of fatal outcomes from sharp pancreatitis has repeated many times.

Classification

At present, medicines with the ability to suppress the release of enzymes are widely represented in the pharmacology market. The main classification of inhibitors:

• proteinases: For example, conflict;
• xanthinoxidase: Allopurinol;
• Mao: Niamid;
• fibrinolysis: aminocapronic acid;
• carboangendresses: diakar;
• aceldehydrogenase: cyanomide;
• anticholinesterase agents: Prezer;

Recommend the optimal variant of the drug should only specialist - taking into account the identified pathology, the severity of symptoms, the age category of the patient, its susceptibility to the medical measures conducted.

List of drugs

In practice, representatives of the proteinase inhibitors subgroups have received widespread:

1. Contracyl - produced from lungs of large-life animals, has the ability to slow down the activity of trypsin, as well as plasmin and kallicrein. The method of administration is intravenous injections, dosage in anti-beneficial units. Motherwise dose - Not more than 20 thousand units. Maybe the medication is also applied locally in the form of gluing the fiber of the parapancreative region.
2. Trashilla is produced from salivary animal tissues. It has the ability to significantly slow down the activity of the plasmin, as well as trypsin and kallicrein, other proteolytic proteins. Applicable in doses - 50 - 75 thousand units, in severe cases - up to 100 thousand units. The main method of delivery is intravenously, in infusion solutions, with dilution of 5% glucose. A full course of treatment is 5-7 days.
3. Gordokos - also produced from salivary organs of animals. Created for intravenous administration. Starting dose - 500 thousand units infusion, slowly, then the dose decreases to 50 thousand units every hour. As the patient's well-being improved, the daily dose decreases to 300 thousand units.
4. Plippines - produced from pancreas of animals. Daily dose - up to 300 units, with severe course acute pancreatitis - up to 400 - 500 units.

Completions after therapy inhibitors proteinases occur extremely rarely, since intravenous method of their administration does not allow to create a maximum concentration in the tissues of the pancreas.

Enzyme preparations (Latin Fermentum fermentation, fermentation start; synonym for enzyme preparations) - drugs, the main components of which are enzymes.

There is no generally accepted classification of enzyme preparations. According to the main focus and clinical use, enzyme preparations can be divided into the following groups: 1) drugs used for purulent necrotic processes; 2) possessing fibrinolytic properties; 3) Improving digestive processes.

The enzyme preparations used in purulent necrotic processes include trypsin (see), chymotrypsin (see), chemicalsin (see), territerine, amorphous ribonuclease (see ribonuclease), deoxyribonuclease (see), collagenase (see) ), Elastolitin, etc. Most of these enzyme preparations, with the exception of territy, are obtained from the pancreas of slaughter cattle.

Tripsin and chymotrypsin contain the same proteolytic enzymes. Himopcin is a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin. These enzyme preparations are hydrolyzed proteins to low molecular weight peptides (see peptide hydrolase). They are used mainly for the treatment of purulent wounds, trophic ulcers, laying out, as well as for the dispersion of viscous secrets for diseases respiratory tract (pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiectatic disease, etc.).

Territine is a product of the life of the mold fungus Aspergillus Terricola. According to properties and use, the enzyme preparations listed above are higher than enzyme preparations.

The ribonuclease amorphous and deoxyribonucleases possess the ability to deolaimize RNA and DNA respectively. The amorphous ribonuclease is used mainly according to the same indications as enzyme preparations of proteolytic action (trypsin, etc.). Deoxyribonuclease is mainly used to treat herpetic keratitis, adenoviral conjunctivitis and keratitis, as well as to reduce sputum viscosity in diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract.

Collagenase has proteolytic activity and splits predominantly collagen fibers. In this regard, the collagenase is used mainly to accelerate the rehabilitation of necrotic tissues and straps in the process of treating burns, frostbines, trophic ulcers and wounds.

Enzyme preparations with fibrinolytic properties include fibrinolysin (see), streptoliasis (see), uromanza, etc. These enzyme preparations dissolve fresh blood clots and are used as fibrinolytic drugs (see) for various thromboembolic diseases. Thrombolitin, which is a complex of trypsin and heparin (in relation to 6: 1), also has fibrinolytic and anticoagulation properties. Thrombolitin is used to dissolve fresh thrombus (with a given possibleness of the disease not more than 3-5 days).

For enzyme preparations that improve the processes of digestion include drugs containing individual enzymes or enzyme complexes gastrointestinal tract. Such enzyme preparations are, for example, pepsin (see) and containing its preparations - the juice of gastric natural, the juice of gastric natural "equin" (see gastric juice), acidine-pepsin (see pepsin), pepsidyl and abomin (see) . These drugs are prescribed with insufficiency of the secretory activity of the glazes of the stomach mucosa.

In case of insufficiency of the excretory function of the pancreas and some other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatins are used (see) and a number of combined enzyme preparations, for example, a plysinorm (contains extract of the gastric mucosa, bile extract, pancreatin and amino acids), festal (contains lipase, Amylase, proteases and the main components of bile), Digestal and pancurren.

In addition to the groups of enzyme preparations mentioned above, some other drugs containing enzymes and other pharmacological properties are also used in medical practice. Such enzyme preparations include lidase, ronidase, penicillinase (see), asparaginase (see L-asparaginase).

Enzyme preparations are thermolabile, so they should be stored at a temperature of from 1 ° to 5-10-15 (depending on; from the properties of individual drugs).

Bibliography: Mashkovsky M. D. Male Funds, Part 2, S- 48, M., 1984; Radbil O, S. Pharmacological foundations for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, p. 78, M., 1976.

Dynamic equilibrium exchange processes In the body regulates biological catalysts (enzymes), inhibitors (antifimensions) and coenzyme enzyme preparations are medicines containing enzymes. Drugs used in order to suppress the activity of enzymes are called enzyme inhibitors. The coenzyme is involved in enzymatic catalysis, performing the functions of active enzyme centers.

Enzymes- These are biological catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions. Enzyme preparations are dosage forms of enzymes that are used to treat diseases (so-called SE). The activity of enzymes is determined by the biological method and expressed in units of action. In medical practice, animal enzymes (tripsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, hyaluronidase), vegetable (papain, bromelain) and bacterial origin (clostridylpeptidase, streptocyne), as well as enzymes obtained by genetic engineering (alteplosis) are used.

The international classification of enzymes is based on the type of reaction catalyzed by the enzyme, and the substrate of this reaction. Pharmacological classification Also takes into account the clinical use of enzymes and has the following form:

1. Peptidases (pepsin).

2. Protease (crystalline tripsin, crystalline chymotrypsin).

3. Nucleases (ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease).

4. Preparations of hyaluronidase (lidase, ronidase).

5. Fibrinolytic enzymes (fibrinolysin, streptocinase, urocinase, alteplosis).

6. Oxidoreductase and enzyme preparations of another mechanism of action (superoxide dismutase, cytochrome C, penicillinase, L-asparaginase).

7. Polyfenimatic drugs (Pancreatin, Creon, Festal, Vobenzym).

The most important for the clinic has peptidases, proteases and nucleases that

it is carried out by hydrolytic cleavage of proteins, peptides or nucleic acids to low molecular weight connections.

Peptidase. Pepsin is one of the main proteolytic enzymes of the digestive tract. It is produced in the cells of the gastric mucosa as the pro-ferry of the pepsinen, which turns into an active enzyme in the gastric content. In the acidic area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach hydrolyzes proteins to peptides.

Acidine-pepsin is the most common preparation of pepsin. Its tablets contain pepsin and betaine hydrochloride (acidine). Pepsin cleaves proteins, and betaine hydrochloride (acidine) creates an optimal pH for its activity. Acidine-pepsin is used as a means of substitution therapy with a reduced secretion of gastric juice. Indications for use are hypo and anacid gastritis, dyspepsia. When applying acidine-pepsin possible (rarely) light nausea and heartburn. The drug is contraindicated in hyperacid gastritis, increased acidity of gastric juice.

Natural gastric juice is also a drug pepsin with hydrochloric acid. It is obtained through the fistula of the stomach from horses or dogs, purified and used as a means of substitution therapy in secretory stomach failure.

Protease. TRIPSIN and HYMOTPSIN - pancreatic proteases that hydrolysis of peptide bonds and differ at the place of action on the protein polypeptide chain. The Tripsin absorption center interacts with the Lisin / Arginine residue. Himotrypsin acts on the side chains of hydrophobic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan). Trypsin and Chimotrypsin are important not only in the process of digestion, but also in the destruction of foreign protein material. Especially high affinity of protease data has to denatured proteins, which are formed during the fill process. Proteisis of manure leads to its vacuum, contributes to the improvement of the evacuation of purulent exudate, accelerates the purification of wounds and bronchi (Fig. 11.1). In this regard, trypsin and chymotrypsin were widely used in the treatment of purulent processes.

Now the possibility of absorption of proteolytic enzymes in the intestines in blood or lymph is proved. The absorption of proteases depends on their molecular weight and varies from hundredths of the percent to 30-40%. The suction mechanism includes

Fig. 11.1. The action of proteases and nucleases in the focus of purulent inflammation

absorption through the end of microorusins, endocytosis on the surface of peer plaques, as well as absorption using migratory lymphocytes. After administration or suction in the intestine, proteases with antiprotezes of blood are bonded, the main of which is α2-macroglobul and n. As part of these complexes, protease retain their activity and transported to damaged tissues. At the system level, they carry out the hydrolysis of inflammatory peptides, control the state of imunoactive substances (cytokines, growth factors) and receptors to ensure the removal of immune complexes and adhesion molecules activate fibrinolysis.

Tripsin crystal Produced in the form of lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for injection and local application. It is a protein with a relative molecular weight of 21 kDa, which is obtained from cattle pancreas.

Pharmacokinetics. In case of diseases of the respiratory, the drug is used intramuscularly and in the form of inhalations, with diseases of the pleura-intrashnex, morally. In Surgery, parenteral administration combines with local application. In ophthalmology is introduced into rear Camera Eyes or under the conjunctival. In LOR-Practice, administration of the middle ear can be introduced into the hymorospheric cavity. In the blood of trypsin binds to α2-macrobulin.

Pharmacodynamics. The enzyme is active at pH 5.0-8.0 with the optimum activity at pH 7.0. It is able to split dead sections of fabrics, fibrinous education, viscous secrets and exudates. Relatively healthy fabrics enzyme is inactive and safe due to the presence of trypsin inhibitors in them. The drug has anti-inflammatory and anti-ethnic effects, activates fibrinolysis.

Indications. The main indications for the use of trypsin are diseases of the respiratory organs with thick purulent wets, purulent wounds, burns and beds, thrombophlebitis, purulent sinusites, purulent average otitis and Eustachitis with viscous exudate, retinal vessel thrombosis, turbidity fiscame body, Cataract extraction.

Side effect. When using trypsin, temperatures increases, tachycardia, minor soreness and hyperemia at the injection site, allergic reactions. Introduction to the respiratory tract sometimes causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

Contraindications. The drug is contraindicated in decompensated heart failure, emphysema of lungs with respiratory failure III Stages, complicated forms of tuberculosis of light, severe liver diseases, pancreatitis, high bleeding. Trepsin should not be introduced into the focus of inflammation, as well as apply (like other proteolytic enzymes) on the surface malignant tumors. It is forbidden to introduce the drug intravenously.

Chimothrixin crystal It has pharmacological properties and use, similar to trypsin. It has a slightly greater stability in the body and other restriction sites, hydrolyzing mainly bonds formed by aromatic amino acids and causing deeper protein cleavage.

Nuclease. This class of hydrolytic enzymes includes ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. Ribonuclease depolymerizes RNA to mono and oligonucleoty-virgins. Deoxyribonuclease - Albumin-type protein, which hydrolyzes (breaks) DNA in deoxyribonucleotides. For clinical application It is important that nuc

aza reduce the density and viscosity of manure, which always contains a large number of nucleic acids resulting from destroyed leukocytes.

Ribonuclease. Available in the form of lyophilisate for the preparation of solutions obtained from the pancreas of cattle. According to the localization of the pathological process, the remedy is injected intramuscularly, endotrachically, in the body cavity, are used locally. The preparation of depolymerizes RNA and, as a result, dilutes the pus, mucus, viscous purulent sputum; It has an anti-inflammatory effect, which is secondary. It delays the reproduction of some RNA-containing viruses. The main indications for the use of ribonuclease there are diseases of the respiratory tract with viscous purulent sputum, periodontalosis, gingivitis; osteomyelitis, fistula, abscesses, trophic ulcers, sinusitis, otitis, thrombophlebitis; ticky encephalitis; Viral meningitis. During treatment, irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract may occur, allergic reactions. Ribonuclease is contraindicated in hypersensitivity, chronic heart, respiratory and liver failure, open-shaped tuberculosis, bleeding.

Deoxyribonuclease Causes DNA depolymerization and manure praise. It has the ability to delay the development of herpes viruses, adenoviruses and other viruses containing DNA. This enzyme preparation is used for herpetic and adenoviral infections, as well as to reduce viscosity and improve the evacuation of sputum and ingredients in patients with purulent diseases of the lungs.

Galuronidase preparations. Hyaluronidase causes a decay of hyaluronic acid, which is a "cementing" intermediate substance connective tissueAnd thereby leads to an increase in the permeability of tissues and improve the movement of the intercellular fluid. This mechanism determines the participation of this enzyme in the regulation of inflammation, edema, vehicles of substances, the elasticity of the connective tissue (Fig. 11.2). The effect of hyasouronidase revolt.

Fig. 11.2. Galuronidase action mechanism

Lidasa - A enzyme preparation from cattle seeds, which the basis of which is represented by hyaluronidase. The lidase is introduced subcutaneously, under the hand-channeling fabrics, intramuscularly, methods of electrophoresis or appliques for mucous membranes (in the eye practice). The duration of action reaches 48 hours. The effect of the drug lies in the appearance of the mobility of the joints, softening scars, eliminate or decrease contractures, resorbing the hematomas. The action is most pronounced in early stages pathological processes. Indications of lidase - contractures of joints, ankylosing spondyloarthritis, scar changes in skin, hematoma, chronic ulcers, sclerodermia. Apply B. ophthalmological practice, as well as with the productive nature of the inflammation of the lungs. Lidase is used to accelerate the suction of various medicines (local anesthetics, antibiotics, glucocorticoids). The drug is well tolerated, but sometimes allergic reactions can occur. The use of this enzyme tool is contraindicated with malignant neoplasms, sharp inflammatory processes, pulmonary bleeding and hemoptysis.

Ronidasa - drug hyaluronidase, in its origin and pharmacological properties Close to the lidase. At the same time, Ronidase has a smaller degree of purification and applies only locally in the form of wet bandages for the treatment of contractures of joints, scars, hematomas, chronic tendovaginitis, wounds that are not healing for a long time.

Fibrinolytic enzymes. Fibrinolytic enzymes include fibrinolysin and fibrinolysis activators ( streptokinaza , urokinza , alteplelase). According to the mechanism of action, they are all proteases, but pharmacodynamics and the use of therapy for throm-free therapy give grounds for the allocation of these enzymes into a separate classification unit. These drugs are discussed in detail in the section "Means affecting blood coagulation and fibrinolysis".

Oxidoreduktaz and other enzymes. Cytochrome C is an enzyme that participates in tissue breathing. This enzyme is used in asphyxia of newborns, as well as for the treatment of hypoxic states that occur when bronchial asthma, heart failure, ischemic Disease Hearts. Orally prescribed at high physical exertion.

Superoxiddismutaza - the key enzyme antioxidant cell protection, which inhibits the SRO processes. It is used in ophthalmology for the treatment of eye diseases accompanied by tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress.

Penicillinase - an enzyme produced by some types of microorganisms and has the ability to inactivate penicillin. It is used in acute allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock caused by antibiotics of the penicillin group.

L-Asparaginaz He is an enzyme that splits asparagin amino acid. Asparagina deficiency is a factor that limits the separation and development of leukemic cells. This drug is used to treat sharp leukemia and hematosarcom.

Palifermen. Polyefermen preparations contain several enzymes that produce a comprehensive effect on the body. They can be divided into two groups: means of improving the processes of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract (Pancreatin, Creon, Festal), and means for SE (Vobenzym).

Pancreatin - Polyfefer drug, improves digestion. It contains trypsin, amylase and lipase. In case of pancreas diseases, the drug compensates for the insufficiency of its exhaustory function and contributes to the improvement of digestion. Pancreatins are prescribed chronic pancreatitis, fibrosis, chronic inflammatory-dystrophic diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder. The drug can be used in persons with the normal function of the gastrointestinal tract in the event of merors in nutrition. The dose is selected individually. The course of treatment can last from several days to several months and even years if necessary for constant replacement therapy.

Creon It is original medicinal shape Pankreatin. Its capsules contain pancreatin in mini-microspheres resistant to the action of gastric juice. After dissolving the capsule in the stomach, pancreatine granules are mixed with chimus and fall into duodenal gutwhere the protective shell is quickly dissolved and releases enzymes. It provides the physiological process of digestion and avoids losses of enzymatic activity. Indications for the use of Creon, as for pancreatin, there are diseases accompanied by exocrine pancreatic failure. The drug is well tolerated, but in some cases gastrointestinal disorders are possible.

Festal - Polyefermes for improving digestion. It contains pancreatic enzymes (protease, amylase, lipase) and bile components. The presence of bile components stimulates the selection of bile and contributes to the emulsification of fats, which makes them available to pancreatic lipase. Festal has advantages in cases where the insufficiency of the outer-generating function of the pancreas is combined with bortoid violations.

Vobenzym - Polyenimensional preparations for SE, that is, the reform actions of the complex of hydrolytic enzymes of plant and animal origin on pathophysiological processes. It contains pancreatin, papain, bromelain, lipase, amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, rutin. After admission, part of the enzymes is absorbed into thin intestines In blood, where reaches the maximum concentration in 2-4 hours, the rest are involved in digestion. In the blood, proteolytic enzymes are associated with A2-macroglobulin and are transported into damaged tissues, where they implement their therapeutic effects. The half-life is 8:00. The preparation has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and fibrinolytic properties. It is used as a non-specific component of therapy with: inflammation of ENT organs and respiratory tract, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, crown disease, scarm sclerosis, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatism, osteoarthritis, diseases of Bekhterev, post-traumatic and postoperative edema, thrombophlebitis, post-tombotic syndrome, vasculitis, bombing, lymphedem, inflammation urinary tract, prostatitis, chronic infection in gynecology, mastopathy, fractures, inflammatory processes of soft tissues, dislocation. During treatment, possible dispersal phenomena, rarely allergic reactions. The drug is contraindicated with increased sensitivity to its components, blood coagulation disorders, diseases with an increased probability of bleeding.

The festive feast is sometimes fraught with problems with the stomach and intestines. Heavy food is badly digested and causes heartburn, nausea and other discomfort. In such cases, enzyme preparations come to the rescue to improve digestion. In addition, these funds are mandatory included in the treatment chart of diseases of the stomach and intestines.

Sometimes, even consultation of the doctor is not required to receive enzyme preparations. If there is no tendency to overeat, the enzymes are used once after a rich feast.

Often to accelerate the digestive process, experts recommend pills, capsules or drops, which include pancreatins, hemicellulose, lipase, protease, amylase, socomilasis, oraza, nigedaz, bile and herbal extracts that promote the work of the tract.

The most effective is the capsule form of the drug. Such digestion enzymes dissolve faster and more efficiently affect the gastrointestinal tract.

When enzymes are needed

There are some factors leading to problems in the work of the stomach and intestines and associated with the difficulties with digestion:

• Lifestyle . First of all, the body suffers from bad habits, violations of the day, hard work, stress. A failure in the operation of the gastrointestinal tract may arise due to the wrong lifestyle.
• Poor-quality food. Food must be balanced, and products are fresh, correctly processed and qualitatively prepared. In case of non-compliance with the rules for storing and preparing food for reception, health problems may arise.
• Abundance of heavy and oily food. Tasty food Not always useful. The abundance of fat, smoked and fried dishes, sharp seasonings and large volumes of food intake can adversely affect the work of the stomach and intestines, affect digestion.
• Drinks on the go and dry. Today in the big cities that exist in a mad rhythm, many people have no time for full food. Each third oncoming snacks with a hamburger or a sandwich in fast.
• Overeating overnight. The habit of many people has heavy food for the night in large quantities and immediately go to bed extremely negatively affects the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Age-related changes In the work of the pancreas.

With one-time disorders of the power mode, be sure to take enzyme drugs during meals (choose a dosage of 10 or 20 thousand units, depending on the number of eaten), drinking water. Plus the data of funds also in the fact that they can be combined with other pills and even with alcohol.

When accepting

Any failure in the digestive system is felt right away. The body tells us that food that fell into the gastrointestinal tract was poor-quality, stupid or it was used too much. In such cases, it is necessary to adopt drugs that improve digestion.

Enzyme preparations are accepted if:

• it feels an obvious discomfort in the abdomen: intestinal spasms, it's a dull pain, drilling, bloating;
• the severity in the stomach speaks of overeating;
• there is nausea and weakness after meals;
• constipation alternate with indispensable;
• gone appetite, food is accepted without desire;
• immediately during the meal, if you are going to use oily and heavy food;
• in the treatment of any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: ulcers, gastritis, pancreatitis, etc. (as one of the mandatory preparations in the treatment regimen).

If the above symptoms are often repeated, be sure to consult a doctor. Most likely, there was a failure in the work of the stomach or intestines. The doctor will appoint diagnostics and treatment.

The composition of digestive

To properly choose a medicine that improves the operation of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to determine the cause of the problems. As a rule, in case of failure of the pancreas and stomach functions, specialists prescribe drugs based on pancreatin.

This tool helps to establish the work of the gastrointestinal tract. Incoming any enzyme preparation extract of bile of pigs or cows allows the food to be cleaving faster and absorbed by the body.

An important role in the treatment digestive system The dosage is played, which is also defined by a specialist. Depending on which particular problem is bothering you, the doctor will select the tool, will assign a schedule and dose of reception.

For one-time reception, from time to time, you can choose a means with a content of 10 thousand Pancreatin units.

Pancreatin is part of all drugs to improve digestion. However, it should not be thought that by bought a cheap drug, you saved, because active substance One. This is not true. Be sure to pay attention to the number of units in the purchased medicine. After all, the content of pancreatin varies from 20 units to 25 thousand!

List of enzyme preparations

All improvement food digestion means are divided into:

• integrated, where, in addition to pancreatin, the extracts of bile animals, herbs, and other trace elements are contained;
• based on pancreatin and performing supporting function for pancreas and digestive organs;
• containing additional components, such as protease, amylase, socomilasis and similar to them.

List of pharmacological enzyme preparations for the normalization of digestion processes:

• Normoenzyme;
• Gastenorm Forte;
• Panstal;
• Vobenzyme;
• Ermal;
• Alpha amylase;
• IPENTAL;
• Micrazim;
• Biopestal;
• Pepfis;
• Festal;
• Enterosan;
• Punchroom.

The most popular drugs with a description and separation into groups are presented below.

The classification of enzyme preparations for digestion allows you to better navigate the abundance of funds that offer us pharmacies. Tablets to improve digestion are fast help with suddenly arising problems of the gastrointestinal tract.

It must be remembered that it is even necessary to take such medicines for prevention, after consulting a doctor, carefully reading the instructions and contraindications.

First group

Festal

This enzyme It is widely known because it is often used during the period of festive feasts. Doctors recommend festal when abundant oily or calorie food is used in large quantities. This is just happening in holidays, at the moments of family celebrations or in the summer during picnics.

This drug includes pancreatin, bile extract, microelegen hemicelylase and sodium chloride. Thanks to the data active componentsThe festal contributes to the splitting of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, better absorption of food and suction of digestion products through the intestinal walls.

Enzystal

Analogue of Festal. Due to the presence of pancreatin and hemicelylase, this means acts as a choleretic, it allows the food better to be absorbed, contributes to a better absorption of nutrients.

Enzystal is appointed by a doctor with poor peak chewing in cases of diseases oral cavity and teeth for more efficient assimilation.

Digestal

Another drug from the same group. Attribute it with insufficiency of the function of the pancreas, esophagitis and other inflammatory processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract.

In the means of this group affordable price, Therefore, they are particularly popular among all drugs for this purpose. However, they therapeutic effect lower than in the means of the second group.

Second group

Pancreatin

This is the main enzyme tool that is used in disabilities of the tract and to improve digestion. Pancreatin almost does not have contraindications. However, it should be taken with caution in the acute form of inflammation of the pancreas.

It is appointed in cases of nonsense, overeating, with failures in the work of the digestive organs. The basis of Pancreatine is the extract of the secret to the pancreas of animals.

Creon

The active ingredient is Pancreatin. but this drug Produced in capsules, which contributes to a more effective absorption of the active substance.

In addition, Creon is produced with a content of different amounts of matter. It is a rather expensive medicine.

Pangrole.

Works based on the same pancreatin. Also available in capsules and in different dosage. For the price a little cheaper analog - Creon.

Similar enzyme preparations for pancreas and stomach diseases are most often appointed by specialists. During the exacerbation of the disease, the dosage of 25 thousand units is usually prescribed within 1-2 weeks three times a day during meals. Then the dosage is reduced to 10 thousand units, and is taken about 2-3 weeks.

Third group

Panzinorm

This medicine contains in addition to pancreatin, active trace elements, which, when dissolved, the capsule is absorbed together with the intestinal walls and contribute to the best and speedy digestion.

The contents of the capsuch allows transport of trace elements that are part of the tool throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

Mezim

A very popular drug that is an integral part of any feast. Mesim contains a whole complex of enzymes that contribute to improving the operation of the digestive system. It is prescribed with any form of overeating, sensation of gravity and in violation of the digestion process.

In order for the effect of the drug to be higher, it is recommended to choose a mezim forte containing about 10 thousand units of pancreatin. During meals, it is enough to take 1 tablet.

Somilaza

A comprehensive agent that is capable of positively affecting the work of the organs abdominal cavity. As a rule, this enzyme preparation is recommended in postoperative period To restore and improve digestive processes.

Commier contributes to the splitting of those substances that are difficult to digest. She almost does not have contraindications.

Contraindications for use

• Exacerbation of pancreatitis - in this case, enzymes may not ease the course of the disease, but to harm, so chronic form Inflammation of the pancreas or with acute proceedings of the process, you must contact a specialist.
• Violation of the liver function. With severe form of inflammation of the liver, it is necessary to refrain from enzyme funds.
• Allergy to animal products, including the "red" meat. Since drugs to improve digestion, as a rule, contain pigs or cows bile extract, they can cause allergic reaction People sensitive to meat products.
• Diarrhea. During acute form Diarrhea take enzyme preparations are not recommended, they may aggravate the process.
• Colitis and other forms of intestinal inflammation. In this case, the reception of such funds is carried out with caution and under the supervision of the doctor.

For reception in these diseases or other controversial health care, it is necessary to obtain the recommendation of the attending physician.

Reception rules

Preparations for improving digestion act more effectively, if you follow the necessary rules marked in the instructions for the use of these drugs:

1. We should drink pills and capsules containing enzymes, clean water. Neither tea, no coffee, nor, especially, carbonated and alcoholic beverages Not suitable for use with drugs.
2. As a rule, to normalize digestion enzymes are accepted while eating or immediately after it.
3. The number of tablets or capsules and dose for one-time reception are indicated in the instructions, as well as stipulate with the attending physician.

Enzymatic drugs for children are prescribed extremely rarely and in certain cases. Medicines of microbial origin are accepted by children only under the supervision of the doctor in violation of the function of the pancreas, the failure in the work of the tract and the stool violation. Those tools that contain bile extract are poorly absorbed by the children's organism, so if possible, such drugs are replaced by herbal chas.

Getting enzyme preparations is a rather complex technological process. Many producers of Russia provide pharmacies with high-quality means to improve digestion and acceleration of metabolism.

A huge list of similar drugs that pharmacology provides will not allow the amateur to figure out and choose the most effective methods help your body. Therefore, the recommendation of the doctor and a special examination will provide an opportunity to determine which agent is necessary in one way or another.

The best option that avoids problems with the gastrointestinal tract is considered prevention. Healthy food, use of vitamins, exercise and adjustable work and recreation mode - Inalienable satellites healthy image Life.