Eye pressure, intraocular pressure (WSD) or Ophthalmotonus is the pressure of the liquid contained inside eyeball, on the walls of the eye. An intraocular pressure is determined by all persons who oversail a 40-year-old frontier, regardless of whether a person concludes or not. This is due to the fact that the high eye pressure is the main prerequisite for the development of such a disease, as glaucoma, which, in the absence of treatment, leads to full blindness.

The measurement of intraocular pressure is carried out using a special tonometer, and the results are expressed in millimeters of a mercury pillar (mm Hg. Art.). True, the hardness of the eyeball ophthalmologists of the 19th century was tried, pressing her fingers on the eye. In other cases, in the absence of equipment, such a method is used today as a preliminary assessment of the condition of the organs of vision.

Why is it important to know VGD?

ATTENTION, which is paid to such a health status indicator, as an intraocular pressure, is due to the role that VGD is borne:

• Retains the spherical shape of the eyeball;
• Creates favorable conditions for saving anatomical structure eyes and its structures;
• Supports on normal level Circulation in the microcirculatory line and metabolic processes in the fabrics of the eyeball.

The statistical rate of the eye pressure measured by a tonometric method is located within 10 mm Hg. Art. (Lower limit) - 21 mm Hg. Art. (Upper limit) and has average values \u200b\u200bin adults and children about 15 - 16 mm Hg. Art., Although after 60 years there is a slight increase in BGD, due to the aging of the body, and the rate of eye pressure for such persons is set different - up to 26 mm RT. Art. (Tonometry on McLakov). At the same time, it should be noted that the WGD is not distinguished by a special constancy and changes its values \u200b\u200b(by 3-5 mm Hg. Art.) Depending on the time of day.

It would seem that at night, when the eyes rest, the eye pressure should decline, but this happens far from all people, despite the fact that the secretion of water moisture slows down at night. Closer to the morning the eye pressure begins to rise and reaches its maximum, while in the evening, it is, on the contrary - decreases, so in adults healthy people Self high rates Wgd is celebrated early in the morning, and the lowest - in the evening. Ophthalmotonus oscillations with glaucoma are more significant and amount to 6 and more mm RT. Art.

Measuring intraocular pressure

It should be noted that not all people sent to the annual preventive inspections to the ophthalmologist, with delight perceive the upcoming measurement of intraocular pressure. Women may be afraid to spoil carefully imposed makeup, men will refer to the absence of any complaints about their own bodies of vision. Meanwhile, the measurement of intraocular pressure is a mandatory procedure for those who "knocks out" 40 and more, even if they assure a doctor in their full health.

Measuring intraocular pressure is carried out using special equipment and tools, in general, modern ophthalmology uses 3 main types of intraocular pressure measurement:

The aforementioned method of Maclakov - his many patients remember, they know and most do not like it, because drops are dripped in eyes, providing local anesthesia, and "weights" (for very short time), which are quickly removed and fall on a blank paper to Leave prints indicating the magnitude of the VGD. This method is more than 100 years old, but it has not yet lost its relevance;

1. Pneumotonometry, very reminiscent of Tonometry on McLakov, however, is excellent in that it uses a air jet. Unfortunately, this study is not particularly accuracy;
2. Electron - all modern method, successfully replacing the two previous ones. It is mainly used in specialized agencies (until all polyclinic can afford an expensive ophthalmic equipment). The method refers to non-contact, highly accurate and safe research.

Most often in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries are used toneometry on McLakov or contactless toneometry with an electron.

Elevated intraocular pressure

Elevated eye pressure (ophthalmogypertification) is not necessarily the result of age-related changes, as many think.

The reasons for the increase in IGD may be the most diverse, for example:

• Constant voltage of the organs leading to their overwork;
• Atherosclerosis;
• Resistant arterial hypertension (Periodic jumps of blood pressure, as a rule, are not dangerous for the eyes);
• Vegeth-vascular dystonia;
• Psycho-emotional loads, chronic stress;
• Fluid delay in the body due to cardiovascular pathology;
• Intracranial hypertension often becomes the cause of the increasing pressure of the eye bottom;
• Professional activities (playful musicians);
• Individual (power) exercise;
• Drug funds used locally;
• Strong tea or coffee (due to caffeine);
• Violations heart Rhythm, respiratory arrhythmia;
• Features of the anatomical structure of the eye;
• Intoxication;
• Inflammatory process localized in the organ of view;
• Diesefal pathology;
• Card and brain injuries;
• Diabetes;
• Menopause;
• Hereditary pathology;
• Side effects separate medicinal preparations, treatment with corticosteroid hormones.

Increased intraocular pressure is often a sign of glaucoma, the risk of which increases markedly after 40 years.

Favoring symptoms of increased ing

Increased eye pressure may not submit any particular signs of dissatisfaction. A person continues to live in ordinary rhythm, without suspecting the impending danger, because the real symptoms of the pathological condition of the eyes appear only when the VSD will significantly change towards the increase. And these are signs of illness can suggest that, postponing all things, you need to immediately visit an ophthalmologist to verify vision and measurement of intraocular pressure:

1. Pain in the eyes, in the eyebrows area, in frontal and temporal areas (or on one side of the head);
2. "Fog" before your eyes;
3. Multicolored circles when handling the gaze on the burning lamp or lamp;
4. Feeling of gravity, completeness and eye fatigue by the end of the day;
5. Attacks of unmotivated towers;
6. Changing the color of the cornea (redness);
7. Reducing visual acuity, lack of clarity of the image (when glauer, patients often change points).

Increased WFD and the development of glaucoma can be suspected if a person often changes glasses, because in "old" begins not to see, and also, if this disease was diagnosed in close relatives.

To begin with - drops from eye pressure

If the pathological process went not too far, but the degree of risk of developing glaucoma is quite high, the treatment usually begins with direct impact on high level WGD, and to this end, the doctor prescribes drops from the eye pressure, which:

• Contribute to the outflow of the liquid;
• Reduce the pressure effect on the eye capsule;
• Metabolism of tissues lead to normal.

By the way to say, drops from eye pressure can embrace different pharmacological groups, this is:

1. Analogs of prostaglandins F2α (herbost, xalatan, latanoprost);
2. Beta-adrenoblays (selective - betaxolol, and - non-selective - thymolol);
3. M-Holinomimetics (Pilocarpine);
4. Carbonic hen inhibitors (local - bronzopt, and plus drops from the eye pressure: systemic - diakarb in capsules and tablets).

In this regard, it is very important to correctly appreciate how drugs will affect the hydrodynamics of the organ of sight will be able to quickly obtain a hypotensive effect, calculate how often the person will depend on the drops, as well as to take into account contraindications and individual portability of individual drugs. If, with the appointed treatment, everything went not very smoothly, that is, a special effect of monotherapy with antihypertensive agents is not received, you have to refer to a combined treatment, using:

1. Trusta Plus, Azarga, Fotil Forte;
2. α and β-adreminimetics (adrenaline, clonidine).

However, in such cases, it is not entirely preferably used in parallel.

In addition to the listed drugs Under glaucoma (acute attack), osmotic drugs are prescribed (glycerol) and intravenously drip (mannitol, urea).

Of course, examples of droplets from eye pressure are not given to the patient to go and on his own initiative acquired them in the pharmacy. Data medicinal products And appointed, and discharged exclusively by an ophthalmologist.

In the treatment of increased eye pressure, with the aim of adequate evaluation of the results achieved, the patient regularly monitors the VGD, check the visual sharpness and state of the disks. spectator nerves, that is, the patient during treatment works closely with the attending physician and is under his control. To obtain the maximum effect of treatment and prevent addiction to drugs, ophthalmologists are recommended to be changed from eye pressure.

The use of droplets and other drugs that reduce IGD implies treatment at home. When glaucoma, treatment depends on the form of the disease and from the stage of the glaucoma process. If a conservative therapy It did not give the expected effect, the laser exposure (iridoplasty, trabrolestlasty, etc.), is used, allowing you to carry out an operation without staying in the hospital. The minimum injury and a small rehabilitation period also make it possible to continue treatment at home after intervention.

In the launched cases, when there is no other exit, when glauer is shown surgery (Iridectomy, fistulaizing accommodation, operations with the use of drainage, etc.) with stay in a specialized clinic under the supervision of doctors. In this case, the rehabilitation period is somewhat delayed.

Reduction of the Pressure of the Eye Dna

Doctors engaged in the treatment of eye diseases, also known both opposite to elevated WGD, phenomenon - ophthalmohypotensia, eye hypotension or decrease in the eyepiece bottom. This pathology develops quite rarely, but it does not become less dangerous. Unfortunately, patients with eye hypotension get to the ophthalmologist's office, when a significant percentage of vision is already lost.

Such a later appeal is explained by the fact that obvious signs of illness as it may be initial stage It takes almost no symptoms if not considered a very pronounced reduction in visual acuity, which people belong to the counting of the eyes of the eyes or age changes. The only symptom that appears later and may already alert the patient, consider the dryness of the eyes and the loss of natural glitter.

Factors contributing to a decrease in intraocular pressure are not so diverse as the prerequisites that increase it. These include:

• Injury to organs of vision in the past;
• Purulent infections;
• Diabetes;
• Dehydration
• Arterial hypotension;
• Alcoholic beverages and drugs (marijuana);
• Glycerin (when used inward).

Meanwhile, a person who pays for the eyes as much attention as other organs can prevent unwanted consequences Reduction of the WGD, visiting an ophthalmologist and told about the aforementioned "minor" symptoms. But if you can not notice the signs of unhealthy an eye in a timely manner, you can be in front of the development of an irreversible process - the atrophy of the eyeball.

Treatment at home provides for use eye drops: Trimekain, Leookain, Dicaina, Collargola, etc. Useful means with aloe extract, as well as group vitamins (B1).

Several tips to patients with elevated eye pressure

Patients suffering from elevated WSD, which threatens the development of the glaucoma process, it is recommended to comply with some prevention rules:

Concerning reduced pressure, as previously said, it refers to the number of rare cases, so patients who felt suspicious signs (dull dry eyes), can be advised in the shortest possible time to contact a specialist who will say what to do next.

Video: About elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma

Video: On reduced intraocular pressure and its causes

Gathering on a journey or a business trip, do not forget to replenish the road aid kit with a drug called "Pros Pros". This medicinal substance has wide spectrum Impact on the body due to successfully selected combined composition. Caffeine, one of the main components of the "Quality Plus", increases pressure. Read the testimony for the use of the drug in our article.

Indications for use

"Quality Plus" is usually prescribed to adults and children over fifteen years old to eliminate pain in migration, menstruation, problems with teeth. Since one thing active ingredients The drug is paracetamol, the "definer" is prescribed to remove the low temperature, which accompanies most cold illness infectious nature. "Quality" is sometimes prescribed to patients at low pressure, and also if the patient complains of increased fatigue and fast decline performance. Thanks to the action of caffeine, the drug increases pressure.

"Quality Plus" is usually prescribed to adults and children older than fifteen years

The composition and therapeutic properties of "Quality Plus"

"Quality" is represented by flat pills of white, cream or marble color. The components of one capsule of the drug is:

• acetylsalicylic acid - 0.3 grams,
• paracetamol - 0.1 grams,
• caffeine - 0.05 grams.

In one packaging of the drug there are 10 tablets. Each of the components of the drug has a certain impact on the patient's body:

• acetylsalicylic acid removes pain syndrome, reduces the temperature, relieves inflammation, prevents the formation of blood clots;
• caffeine promotes the stimulation of blood supply to muscles, hearts, kidneys, as well as brain, increases pressure indicators, tones the body;
• paracetamol eliminates increased temperature, relieves inflammation.

"Quality Plus": instructions for use

"Quality" should be taken internally during or immediately after dense meals. Maximum dose per day should not exceed 6 tablets. As a rule, the doctor prescribes the reception of the "Quality" for one or two pills up to three times a day. It is important that the gap between drug intake amounted to at least four hours. In addition to ordinary water, "Quality Plus" is allowed to be powered by mineral water and milk. Patients who have disorders in the work of the liver or kidney, are obliged to observe at least six hours of break between the reception of the tablets.

Drink tablets with sufficient water

The desired effect of the effect of the drug directly affects the duration of the course of treatment. If the "Quality" is used for an anesthetic effect, it is necessary to drink it within five days. For the antipyretic effect on the body - no more than 3 days.

"Quality Plus" during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The effects of the substances that make up the drug prevent the normal flow of pregnancy and the development of the fetus. If the "Quality" prescribe a nursing mother, breast-feeding For the period of receiving the drug must be stopped. Acetylsalicylic acid leads to malformations of the fetus, inhibits generic activities and can provoke negative changes to cardiovascular system Child.

Contraindications for receiving "Quality Plus"

The active ingredients of "camphors" have a significant impact on the body, which is why it is contraindicated to children, pregnant and nursing women. For this reason, the drug is recommended to be taken only on the prescription of the doctor, and if, after independent admission, side effects arose from the influence of the drug on the body, it should be immediately appreciated for help in the hospital.

Apply "Quality Plus" categorically not recommended at:

• acute avitaminosis;
• chronic diseases of the stomach;
• infarction;
• liver and kidney diseases;

With a heart attack it is impossible to take these pills

• glaucoma;
• an allergic reaction to the active ingredients of the drug;
• operational intervention;
• anxiety;
• increased excitability;
• hemophilia;
• teleangioectas;
• thrombocytopenia;
• hypotromubinemia.

Interaction "Quality Plus" with other drugs

If you pass the course of treatment in parallel with the reception of the "Quality", you should specify possible effects From the interactions of several drugs with your attending physician, since each of the active components of the "Quality" is able to interact with other medicines.

Side effects of "Pros Pros"

Reception of the medication The contraction with the instruction for a long time may entail a dizziness, a decrease in the visual function, a decrease in blood consumption, enhanced bleeding From the nose.

In children, the prolonged reception of the "Quality Plus" can cause vomiting, mental disorders, alarming sleep, and liver problems.

Overdose by the drug can provoke vomiting, dizziness, cramps, bleeding and spasms. The patient may suffer shortness of breath or test bronchial spasms.

Analogues of "Quality Plus"

Under reduced pressure, the patient may be assigned an analogue of the "Quality" - "Tsitropak". It has a similar composition active substancesTrue, their dose in one tablet is somewhat underestimated compared to the "Cord." "Tsitreopak" is also forbidden to use women during pregnancy and children to sixteen-year-old age.

Sometimes, the doctors prescribe their patients with metles. What is this medicine, and what does it help? The instructions indicate that this is nootrop, vasodilatory and antihypoxic action. It is used to treat impaired blood circulation, with ICCs, headaches, migraines, neurological pathologies.

Active components and release form

The medicine is produced in gelatin capsules containing powder. In the pharmacy network you can buy a package of 6 blisters, in each of which is 10 tablets in each of which. They consist of:

1. Cinnarizine 25 mg - Blockers of calcium channels, holding back the flow of calcium into the cells.
2. Piracetam 400 mg - nootrop, widely used in the treatment of various neurological and vascular pathologies.

The auxiliary components include:

• silicon and titanium dioxide;
• gelatin;
• magnesium stearate;
• lactose.

Medicine complex drugs, thanks to a two-component composition, it works to increase blood-circulation, extension of vessels, activation exchange processes in neurons. The action of the main components is as follows:

In the preparation, piracetam and zinnarizine complement each other, which significantly enhances their therapeutic effects. Already a few hours after taking the first tablet, the concentration of active substances in the blood reaches the maximum level. They are binding to plasma proteins, metabolized intensively, pass into all tissues and organs and are derived naturally.

Who is shown and how to take?

Annotation attached to each drug packaging allows you to familiarize yourself with the list of pathological conditions under which the medication is recommended. Fesame has such indications for use:

The doctor, assigning a tablet with meals, necessarily tells the patient how to take them correctly. If a person acquired a medicine without special purpose (for prevention), he must familiarize himself with the instruction.

It indicates that it is necessary to drink flashes entirely, not shredding and not chewing the capsule. It is also impossible to disturb the integrity of the capsule shell, open it and stir the contents with water. The capsule is washed with clean cool water, mors, juice or non-neural tea, (eliminating caffean-containing drinks).

Take flashes is allowed at any convenient time, regardless of meals. But if the patient has problems with digestive system, it is better to take a dose after half an hour after the main meal.

The reception of the tablets is desirable to exercise approximately at one time, for example, every morning at 9 o'clock or in the evening at 17 o'clock. If the patient forgets to take another tablet, it is necessary to drink it immediately if the next reception time did not fit. Dosage B. general looks like that:

• adults drink 1-2 capsules three times a day. The course of therapy continues from 1 to 3 months;
• children under 18, take 1-2 capsules 1-2 times a day from 1 to 3 months.

The duration of the course, as well as the dosage determines the doctor, depending on the stage and form of the disease. Some patients, noticing improvement in treatment, are interested, whether it is possible to drink a medicine constantly. Fesame is allowed to take courses, but between them necessarily take a break (at least a month).

Application is strictly prohibited in cases:

• renal and liver failure;
• lactation period;
• children under 5 years old;
• the period of having a child at any time;
• acute violation of cerebral circulation;
• hypersensitivity to active ingredients in the composition.

Reception is allowed only under strict medical control at:

• parkinson's disease;
• blood coagulation disorders;
• bleeding;
• glaucoma.

Features of treatment

Before starting treatment, patients need to take into account some features of the medicine:

Childhood

The description of the drug determines that it is prescribed to it only from 5 years. But in pediatrics, there were cases when the flames were appointed the kids who had achieved one year. Fesame positively affects the condition of the child:

Fesame recommends the use of a neuropathologist, not a psychiatrist, since for treating serious mental disorders It does not fit, but light disorders eliminates. After therapeutic course, a small patient becomes calm, balanced.

In the treatment with the drug, the care is noticeably rising, the child is easier adapted to the team, quickly absorbs the school curriculum, sleeps tightly at night, easily masters speech skills.

Pregnancy and gv

During pregnancy, women often suffer from headaches, weakness, scattered. This is due to the intense hormonal restructuring of the body. Improving the well-being of the future mother recommend proper nutrition, walks in the fresh air, gymnastics, full-fledged holiday.

Take any drugs permitted only after consulting with a doctor leading pregnancy.

Fesame does not have teratogenic action, but despite this, this drug Cannot be used during the baby tool. The active ingredients are completely absorbed into the blood and penetrate breast milk. Therefore, when breastfeeding, it is also necessary to refuse.

At VD

A lot of people faces vascular dystonia at any age. Nootropic agents in a complex with sedative and antidepressants are helped to get rid of unpleasant symptoms. Indications for receiving the drug are:

Doctors are often prescribed by drugs with IRCs due to its ability to improve the blood circulation of the brain and expand the vessels, which is very important for patients suffering from this disorder.

Possible consequences and efficiency

In medical practice, there was a little overdose. The drug is considered absolutely safe, and even when the recommended dose is exceeded in adult patients serious side phenomena did not arise. The only expressed symptom of overdose is a digestion disruption, which does not require a sharp discontinuation of the drug.

Little patients with an overdose with drugs appears in the emergence of insomnia, irritability, nervousness, tremor limbs, nightmares. At the first manifestations of the alarming symptoms, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and take the adsorbent.

Sideflines

Often the drug flashes is moved by the body well and quite rarely causes pronounced negative reactions. As soon as the medicine is canceled, they disappear and do not require additional treatment. To the side effects of the drug include:

The composition of the capsules of meals includes two active components - piRsetam and cinnarizin .

As additional ingredients in the composition of the funds are present: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, silicon colloid dioxide.

The shell capsule consists of gelatin and titanium dioxide.

Form release

The drug is produced in the form of capsules of cylindrical shape, gelatin, solid, size No. 0. White capsules, inside - powder mixture, which has white or almost white. The contents inside may be conglomerates that turn into a powder if you press them.

Contained in blisters of 10 pcs. Blisters are invested in cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Annotation indicates that the flames are a combined means providing nootropic, antihypoxic and vasodilating effect. There is a mutual potentiation of reducing the resistance of the brain vessels, improving blood flow in these vessels.

As Wikipedia informs, the therapeutic effect and its mechanism is caused by the main active substances, which are part of the drug by flames. The main effect that is noted after taking medication - improvement blood circulation in the brain and metabolic processes in the nerve fibers and brain cells.

Substance piRsetam it has nootropic effects, activating the activity of the brain, positively affecting the metabolism in the body. Under the action of a substance increases the rate of glucose spending, which is the main nutrient for the brain. Thus, under the influence of piracetam, more active cells occurs, which leads to the development of more energy and activate the brain function. PiRsets contribute to increasing the rate of transmission of pulses between neurons. As a result, the memory increases, the concentration of attention is improved, which leads to an increase in the intellectual function.

Also piracetam contributes to improved blood flow in those brain sites, where there are damaged vessels, and also notes , that is, oxygen starvation. Since the microcirculation is improved, the zones of ischemia, which arose due to lack of oxygen disappear, and the entire volume of neurons participates in the work of the brain.

In addition, there is an indirect effect of this component, promoting the activation of blood flow. It is ensured by braking the thrombocyte gluing process, which is essentially the prevention of the appearance of thrombus. That is, the piracetam components not only activates the blood flow, but also improves its properties. Thus, blood is actively circulating in microsudes.

Under the influence of piracetam, the stability of neurons to . Piracetam improves the integrative brain function, activates intellectual work, facilitates the process of assimilation of the new material, ensures restoration and support of brain functions in people in old age.

Substance cinnarizin it is expressed directly on the brain vessels, expanding them. Also, under the influence of this substance, the tone of smooth muscles decreases, their reaction to active substances that narrow the vessels are reduced. Due to the fact that the substance expands the vessels, the blood flow is activated, and more oxygen and nutritional elements enter the brain. Due to the improvement of blood flow, the stability of the brain tissues to the oxygen deficiency increases. At the same time, despite the vasodilatory influence, the cinnarizin does not act on the indicators of arterial and .

The presence of two of these components in the Fesame at once provides a mutual increase in the effects of active ingredients. Consequently, the severity of the effect of the drug is more pronounced compared to the reception of these components separately.

When taking the flaming, the predominance of the sedative action of cinnarizine is noted, from which the medicine does not lead to the manifestation of psychomotor excitation, as it occurs when taking piracetam.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

After the patient accepted inside the tablets of flashes, the active substances are completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

The greatest concentration of piracetam in plasma is noted after 2-6 hours, zinnarizin - after 1-4 hours. Piracetam bioavailability level - 100%.

With plasma proteins, piracetam does not bind, cinnarizine binds to 91%. It penetrates through the BGB, determined in all tissues and organs, passes through the placental barrier. It is noted its selective accumulation in the core of the brain.

The substance piracetam is not metabolized, the metabolism of cinnarizine occurs in the liver.

Pirachetam half-life - 4-5 h. (Blood), 8.5 h. (From spinal fluid). Basically excreted through the kidneys.

The half-life of cinnarizine is 4 hours. Metabolites are displayed in most of the urine, as well as with the feces.

People S. renal failure The half-life of piracetam increases.

Indications for the use of Fesame

Before applying the medicine of the flames, the testimony should be taken into account. The drug is prescribed in such cases:

• in case of injection of blood flow in the brain (in the case of vessels, during the recovery period after transferred ischemic or hemorrhagic , with encephalopathy of different origins, after transferred to the CMT);
• when inxication ;
• in diseases of the CNS disease, under which a decrease in intellectual-meal functions is noted, that is, worsening attention, memory, mood;
• with psychoorganic syndrome, in which signs prevail asthenia and adinaimia ;
• the consequences of the cranial injury;
• labirintopathy (noise sensation in ears, dizziness, nausea and vomiting);
• asthenic syndrome associated with psychogenic origin;
• meniel syndrome ;
• for prevention , kinetozov ;
• in complex therapy Children who have a psychoorganic syndrome, which led to low trainee.

Contraindications

Medication of meals should not be taken in the following cases:

• with severe forms of renal and liver failure;
• in the period of increased psychomotor excitation;
• for hORTERTON KHORETON. ;
• during pregnancy and breast feeding;
• at the age of the patient under 5 years;
• with high sensitivity to the components.

The medicine is prescribed with caution of those patients who are diagnosed Violations hemostasis , disorders of the liver function or kidneys, heavy.

Side effects of Fesame

In the process of treatment, the following side effects are possible:

• nervous system: nervousness, sense of drowsiness, hyperkinosis; In rare cases - headaches, , , ataxia , excitement, anxiety;
• allergic manifestations: In rare cases - rash on the skin, , swelling, itching, photosensitivity.
• digestion system: Strong salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, ;
• other manifestations: Raising libido.

Tablets Fesame, instructions for use (method and dosage)

That instruction on the use of the cavation, which is provided in annotations to the drug, indicates that the medication needs to be taken 1-2 capsules three times a day for one to three months. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. The drug is usually taken by courses - 2-3 courses every year.

Children after 5 years have shown to take 1-2 capsules 1-2 times a day. Capsules are used for one and a half to three months. It is necessary to take capsules, swallowed by them entirely without disturbing the integrity of the capsule. Huming the tablet should be half a glass of water, and it should not be hot.

Many users ask about capsules, how to take - before or after eating. In the instructions we are talking about the fact that the special difference is to eat or after eating to take a remedy. But optimally drinking capsules 20-30 minutes after meals. Preferably drink medicine every day at the same time.

Doctors warn that longer than 3 months take medicine - there is a break between the courses.

Overdose

As a rule, the drugs are well tolerated by patients and when taking large doses of the drug, there is no significant side effects, which requires cessation of treatment. In case of overdose, patients may occur abdominal pain. When taking too large doses of medication, rinse the stomach, cause vomiting. If there is such a need to carry out hemodialysis and symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote.

Interaction

Not with all drugs at the same time, you can take tablets from meat, from which the interaction of this medication with other drugs should be taken into account.

When taking simultaneously with the discharge of drugs, which depress the effect of CNS, ethanol, tricyclic antidepressants, their sedative effect can increase.

When taking the means of flames, the effect of nootropic and antihypertensive drugs is potential.

Vasodinating drugs reinforce the effect of means of flames.

In view of the presence of cinnarizine drugs, activity decreases hypertensive drugs .

With simultaneous intake of the flaming, an increase in the activity of thyroid hormones is noted, which can lead to the manifestation of tremors and anxiety.

Due to the antihistamine effect, cinnarizin can mask the manifestation of positive reactions in relation to the factors of the reactivity of the skin when conducting skin samples. To avoid a similar effect, it is necessary to stop the use of medication 4 days before such samples.

Fesame can enhance the effect of oral anticoagulants.

Terms of sale

Buy Capsules of the flames can be prescribed by the doctor.

Storage conditions

It is necessary to store medicine at temperatures up to 25 ° C, in a dark place. Take care of children's access.

Shelf life

The shelf life of the capsules is 3 years.

special instructions

If the flashes are prescribed to patients who have violations of the liver function, it is necessary to monitor the content of hepatic enzymes.

The medicine activates the functions of hormones thyroid glandFor patients undergoing treatment, a feeling of anxiety and tremor can be noted.

Since Cinnarizin can provoke the manifestations of drowsiness, during the treatment period you need to gently drive transport and work with accurate and dangerous mechanisms.

In the treatment of people in old age, it is necessary to regularly monitor the functions of the kidney and, if necessary, adjust the dose.

The active ingredients are able to penetrate the filter membranes of the devices for .

Need to avoid taking medication in case porphyry .

When receiving the flaming, a false-positive result may appear during doping control in athletes, as well as due to availability iodine-containing dyes In the shell of the capsule, a false positive result in the test for the definition of radioactive iodine can be marked.

As piracetam lowers aggregation thrombocyte , It is necessary to carefully assign it in the violation of hemostasis in patients, as well as for states accompanied by hemorrhages. You should not take a medicine for complex surgical operations, with heavy bleeding and hemorrhagic strokes in an anamnesis.

Fesame can provoke irritation in the epigastric region, when used after meals, a decrease in the severity of stomach irritation may be occurred, for which it is necessary to carefully apply the drug with patients with sickness diseases.

It should be noted that the funds as a subsidiary component contains lactose .

Analogs of Fesham

Both flames and its analogues should assign a doctor after accurate diagnosis. Active ingredients similar to those contained in the drug from the preparations of drugs Combitropil , , Nookam . The price of analogs depends on the manufacturer of the drug and its packaging.

Also similar pharmachologic effect The patient's body has medicines: Vinpocetin , Demanol , Memotropyl , Combitropil , Pantogam , Pyriditol , Tilex , Encephabol and etc.

Oaron or Fesame - What is better?

The tool is an analogue of this drug and has the same indications for use, contraindications and causes similar side effects. At the same time, the price of the Omaron medication is lower compared to the flas.

Compatible with alcohol

Alcohol and meadows cannot be used at the same time, the instruction for the drug is evidenced. With simultaneous reception, the risk of stroke increases, and also a negative effect on the liver condition is noted. Therefore, during the treatment period, you need to completely abandon alcohol.

Children

Children under 5 years old, these capsules are not prescribed. Children after 5 years need to give a medicine strictly according to the scheme that the doctor appoints. Reviews of doctors and parents show that with the help of this medication in children school age You can normalize sleep, improve performance, remove irritability.

During pregnancy and lactation

The use of flasham during pregnancy is contraindicated, even there is no information about the negative effects of active ingredients. Piracetam enters breast milk, so during the lactation period does not apply.

Catad_Tema. Chronic ischemia Brain - Articles

Fesame B. complex treatment Brain circulation disorders

MA Arabechanova, L.I. Pyshkina, A.A. Kabanov, T.I. Kolesnikova, A.N. Yasamanova, M.Yu. Martynov, E.I. Gusev
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the Medical Faculty of the Russian State Medical University, Moscow

The study conducted in recent decades made it possible to formulate provisions on the dynamic nature and potential reversibility of cerebral ischemia, and, accordingly, about the need for measures to restore brain blood flow and protect brain from ischemic lesion. In the light of these representations, one of the promising impact methods aimed at improving the blood supply of the brain is the use of vasoactive drugs and medical agentsregulating the hemostasis system, in combination with neuroprotection and influence on the metabolism of the brain. A vasoactive preparation that simultaneously regulates the hemostasis system is cinnarizin, and a drug that effectively affects the metabolism of the brain - piracetam. Recently, special attention is paid to combined drugs, improving both blood supply and metabolism in brain tissue. One of these drugs is flashes, one capsule of which contains 400 mg of piracetam and 25 mg of zinnarizin. IN clinical conditions Fesame efficiency was established under a number of diseases, including patients with chronic vascular cerebral insufficiency.
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the cavity on the neurological and neuropsychological status, the rheological properties of the blood and the state of cerebral blood flow in patients with acute brain circulation disorders.

Material and methods
48 patients undergoing treatment with membranes in the neurological departments of the Moscow City clinical Hospital №1 them. N.I. Pirogov for an acute brain circulation disorder (ONMK). A comparison group amounted to 25 people with ischemic strokes who were treated in the same branches of GKB No. 1. N.I. Pirogov, but not receiving neuroprotective or metabolic therapy (these materials were analyzed retrospectively). The average age of patients in the main group - with ONMK amounted to 63.9 + 8.8 years, in the comparison group - 61.5 ± 10.7 years.
The diagnosis of ischemic stroke was raised on the basis of anamnestic data, neurological inspection, CT or MRI brain. In the main group of 21 observations, a small stroke was diagnosed, in the rest - by the time of discharge, there were moderately pronounced focal symptoms in the form of shallow paresis, minorly pronounced speech disorders and sensitivity disorders. In 28 patients, there was a left-handed-haircut, at 13 - the right-haired stroke, and in 7 - stroke in the vertebrically basilar system. In the comparison group in 9 observations, a small stroke was diagnosed, in the rest - according to the records in the history of the disease, at the time of the discharge, there were moderately pronounced focal symptoms in the form of shallow paresis, minorly severe speech disorders and sensitivity disorders. In 15 patients, the focus was localized in the left hemisphere, in 7 - in the right hemisphere, and in 3 in the vertebobasilar pool.
Before treatment and after 30 days of reception of the flaming, the neurological and neuropsychological status was carried out, the dynamics of higher cortex functions, ultrasound doppler of extra-and intracranial departments of the main arteries of the head, the study of the rheological properties of blood (spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation). For a quantitative assessment of neurological symptoms, the "Scandinavian stroke scale" was used. To estimate the degree of disability by the time of discharge - the Bartel index. The severity of cognitive disorders was studied in a speaker on a brief psychiatric scale - MMSE (Mini Mental Scale Examination). The severity and prevalence of the occlusive process in brachiocephalic arteries was determined by duplex scanning and ultrasonic dopplerography (USDG) on the basis of generally accepted criteria. The drug was appointed after the cessation of infusion therapy on the 7-10 days of the disease. The duration of the course of therapy was 1 month. (3 capsules 2 times a day in the morning and afternoon, no later than 17 hours). Other metabolic preparations and drugs affecting the hemostasis system during this period were not assigned. The results were processed using programs for Personal Computer Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft) and Excell spreadsheets from Microsoft Office for Window XP. The data comparison was carried out using statistical non-parametric criteria - the exact Fisher method and the χ 2 criterion with the correction according to Yetsu, as well as the Student T-criterion for normally distributed variables.

Results and discussion
First of all, it should be noted that the use of Fesame was characterized by good tolerance of the drug and almost complete absence side Effects.
The main group and the comparison group did not differ significantly among themselves in the structure of risk factors (Table 1).

Table 1. Structure and frequency of risk factors in the main group and in the comparison group

The severity of neurological violations on the "Scandinavian scale of a stroke" by 3, 10 and 30th, the disease did not differ significantly between the main group and the comparison group (P\u003e 0.47). When evaluating the speaker motor disorders on a 5-point scale for 3; 10; The 20th day of the disease between groups was not detected by reliable differences (p\u003e 0.63). Also, there was also no reliable differences to the 30th day of the disease in the severity of the branger index (75.8 ± 6.2 and 77.1 ± 7.9 points, respectively, p \u003d 0.44).
The main differences between the groups were observed when evaluating higher cortical and cognitive violations. In the main group, the use of Fesame was accompanied by the positive dynamics of subjective and objective symptoms. Subjectively patients noted an improvement in overall well-being, an increase in activity and a common tone, a decrease in headaches, dizziness, a feeling of "enlightenment" in the head, actively carried out instructions. The positive effect of treatment in the field of cognitive violations was characterized by the fact that the patients clearly carried out instructions were incurred faster in the task, it was easier to switch from the execution of one task to another while improving the attention during the execution of instructions. When evaluating higher cortical functions in a group received by meats, a faster dynamics of recovery of speech disorders was noted, first of all, spontaneous speech was improved, the activity of inclusion in the speech process was restored, the semantic structure of speech was restored, patients were more active on speech therapy classes. This coincided with the best dynamics of these functions when analyzing speech violations on the "Scandinavian scale of stroke". In patients with localization of the ischemic process in the vertebrically-basilar system and the development of system dizziness, the regression regression of vestibular disorders was observed compared with the comparison group.
When conducting a WSDG and duplex scanning of the main arteries of the head, it was found that the frequency and severity of multiple and hemodynamically significant damage to the main arteries of the head did not differ between the main group and the comparison group. In both groups, the same often (15.4 and 16.3%, respectively), there were changes in the spectrum in the form of a minor increase and scatter of the systolic peak, partially closing the spectral window (stenosing process less than 50%). In duplex scanning, 62.7% of patients of the main group and in 67.1% of observations in the comparison group there was a thickening of the intima-media complex in general and internal carotid arteries.
In the main group after the course of treatment, there was a tendency to increase the systolic and average blood flow velocity primarily in the main artery, as well as in the middle, front and rear cerebral arteries. The statistically reliable positive dynamics of the pulsation index in the middle cerebral artery and the reactivity coefficient of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery on the hypercupnia after the end of the treatment is also noted. In addition, signs of discirculation in venous plexuses in the vertebral-basilar system decreased.
In the study of the rheological properties of blood to the prescribing of the flaming, the spontaneous instructed aggregation on adrenaline, ADP and collagen, the size of the aggregates and the rate of aggregation in both groups did not differ among themselves, but were significantly increased compared with the regulatory figures for the laboratory (P<0,016). В78,4% наблюдений в основной группе и в 73,9% в группе сравнения отмечалось изменение формы тромбоцитов (р=0,029 при сравнении с нормальными значениями). После курса Фезама показатели спонтанной агрегации и агрегации с адреналином, АДФ и коллагеном снижались. При этом наиболее выраженным было уменьшение спонтанной агрегации и агрегации на адреналин и АДФ (табл. 2).

Table 2. Spontaneous and induced aggregation of platelets before the start and after the end of the course of treatment with a flame

Thus, the positive effect of applications in the complex therapy of the nootropic drug was manifested itself primarily by the advanced dynamics of the recovery of higher cortical and cognitive functions, as well as individual indicators of cerebral hemodynamics, spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation. The greatest clinical effect by us, as well as other researchers, was observed in the presence of speech violations. In patients receiving flashes, the spontaneous speech, the semantic structure of speech was restored, the semantic structure of speech was restored, that is, the positive functional reintegration of speech centers was noted. This, apparently, is due to the combined improvement in microcirculation (cinnarizine) and metabolism (piracetam) in the river zones of Brock and Vernika, as well as in the gyshli in the left hemisphere of the brain.
The results obtained allow you to recommend Фесам for the exchange rate use in the acute and in the early reducing periods of a small and non-solalidizing ischemic stroke flowing with speech and moderate cognitive disorders.

LITERATURE
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3. Bloss Sat. Metabolic therapy with piracetam patients in the acute period of ischemic stroke: author. Disbox .... Cand. honey. Sciences 1987; 26.
4. Gromova O.A., Grishina T.P., Sadin A.V. et al. The effect of cinnarizin and alvitila on brain blood flow and higher nervous activity in chronic experimental brain ischemia. Journal Neurol. and psychiatrist. 2004; 104: 1: 52-53.
5. Gusev E.I., Bogolepov N.N., Bourge of Ukraine, Bookly Sat. Ultrastructural aspects of acute brain ischemia under the use of nootropyl. Journal Neurol. and psychiatrist. 1983; 83: 7: 984-990.
6. Gusev E.I., Skvortsova V.I. Brain ischemia. M 2001; 328.
7. Turnkov KN., Bagmetov M.N., Epishishche V.V. Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of phenotropyl and piracetam in laboratory animals with experimental cerebral ischemia. Journal Executive and wedge. Pharmal. 2007; 40: 2: 24-29.
8. Adams H.jr., Adams J.R., Brott T. et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A SCIENTFIC STATEMIC STROKE COUNCIL OF THE AMERICAN STROKE ASSOCIATION. STROKE 2003; 34: 1056-1083.
9. DE DEYN P.P., DE REUCK J., DEBERDT W. ET AL. For the members of the Piratetam in Acute Stroke Study (Pass) Group. Treatment of Acute ISChemical Stroke with Piratetam. Stroke 1997; 28: 2347-2352.
10. Poignet H., Beaughard M., Lecoin G., Massingham R. Functional, Behavioral, and Histological Changes Induced by Transient Global Ischemia in Rats: Effects of Cinnarizine and Flunarizine. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989; 9: 646-654.
11. Szalma I., Kiss A., Kardos L. et al. Piratetam Prevents Cognitive Decline in Coronary Arttery Bypass: A Randomized Trial Versus Placebo. ANN THORAC SURG 2006; 82: 4: 1430-1435.
12. Kesslerj., Thiela., Karbe H., Heiss W.D. Piratetam Improves Activated Blood Flow and Facilitates Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Aphsic Patients. Stroke 2000; 31: 2112-2116.

Modern rhythm of life and frequent stresses significantly increased the frequency of various diseases of the nervous system. Diseases of brain vessels contribute to this statistic. Therefore, nootropics and drugs affecting cerebral blood flow are one of the most sought-after in the pharmacy network.

Regardless of the etiological cause of the disease, the mechanism of damage to the cells of the brain is in the hypoxia of cells and the violation of intracellular metamaging. Heart injuries, tumors, hypertensive disease, atherosclerosis of brain vessels, cervical osteochondrosis and many other reasons can negatively affect the tone of the cranial vessels and the volume of blood coming to the brain. Breasting impairment inevitably leads to a decrease in oxygen delivery and glucose to tissues. The result is the hypoxia of the brain and the violation of the energy exchange in cells. The situation is even more aggravated by the fact that the bloodstream in the brain vessels directly affects the pressure of the liquor in the ventricles of the brain and brain shells, and the increased intracranial pressure leads to additional compression of intracranial vessels and the deterioration of the brain cells. Cell resources are exhausted, and their death occurs. In this regard, it becomes clear that the main task of therapy with brain damage is the normalization of its blood supply and the activation of metabolic processes in cells.

Over the years, the basis of the therapy of neurological pathology was Cinnarizin and piracetam. Cinnarizine refers to selective blockers of slow calcium channels. Reducing the flow of calcium ions in smooth muscle cells The arterioles leads to a decrease in their reaction to biogenic active substances with a vasoconstrictor action (dopamine, vasopressin, norepinephrine, etc.), and to a decrease in the tone of the vascular wall. The unique property of cinnarizine is an effective, but not excessive vasodilator with respect to the vessels of the brain in the absence of a pronounced effect on peripheral blood pressure. In addition, cinnarizine reduces blood viscosity and increases the plasticity of erythrocyte membranes, which favorably affects microcirculation processes. Moderate antihistamine activity of cinnarizin helps to reduce tissue puffiness, which, in combination with a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system and a decrease in the excitability of the vestibular apparatus, the most favorable way affects the patient's state.

Piracetam is a classic nootrop. Its main effects: stimulation of energy and protein metabolism in brain cells, improving glucose utilization, increase the stability of cells to hypoxia and the internecronal transmission of nerve pulses in the central nervous system.

Since patients have to take a long time to take several drugs at once, for the convenience of treatment, the combined drug of Fesame ® was developed. In each capsule of which contains 400 mg of piracetam and 25 mg of zinnarizin.

The combination of these two actors in one capsule made it possible not only to reduce the number of simultaneously taken tablets, but also the most favorable effect on the clinical effect from the use of the drug ®®. Cinnarizine reduces the excitability caused by piracetam; Substances have a mutually potential effect in relation to the blood supply of brain tissues and metabolic processes in cells. This, in turn, made it possible to reduce the likelihood of side effects. An additional advantage for buyers is the affordable drug price.

The use of Fesame ® helps patients with chronic brainwater impairment maintain a high intellectual level and physical activity, prevent disability and improve the quality of life.

Fesame ® are prescribed to children with intellectual development delay, with asthenic syndrome, problems associated with perinatal encephalopathy or crank-brain injury. The existing age limit (the drug is not prescribed to children under 5) is connected exclusively with a form of release in the form of capsules: in early children, preference is given to liquid forms of medicines.

Persons of the young and middle age of Fesame ® helps to quickly recover after transferred to the brain injuries, it is easier to transfer mental loads during the session at the Institute or at work. The drug is effective as a prophylactic agent with frequent headaches, including migraine.

Since 2010, the pharmacies appeared in pharmacies ® in new packaging.

A high drug safety profile ® makes it indispensable in geriatric practice. Fesame ® is widely used in the treatment of encephalopalopathy of various genes, with senile dementia, in complex stroke therapy in the recovery period, both hemorrhagic and ischemic nature. The course use of the drug 2-3 times a year allows to increase mental and physical activity in the elderly, significantly improve the quality of their lives.

The phase can inform the patient about the drug from Fesame ®. Being confident in the efficiency and safety of a proven drug, and the affordable price and a large package containing 60 capsules make it profitable and convenient for buyers.

Fesame with hypertension

Fesame - instructions for use, analogues, reviews, price

Fesame It is a combined drug from a group of nootrops that improve brain circulation and, as a result of the brain. The drug is used in the treatment of violations of the cerebral circulation (for example, atherosclerosis of blood vessels, cerebrovascular failure), strokes. Encephalopathy of various origin (for example, against the background of hypertension. Heart and brain injuries, infections, etc.), dementia (dementia) of vascular origin, memory disorders, attention and mental work, as well as labyrinths, Menieret syndrome and neurological patient of children's age .

Composition, titles and form of release of meals

Currently, the flames are produced in a single dosage form - capsules For receiving inside. Often, these capsules are called pills, which is incorrect from the point of view of science, but it is quite suitable for the designation of the dosage form intended for intake. However, it should be remembered that when people say "Tablets of Fesame," they imply exactly the form for intake, that is, capsules. In addition, there is a common incorrect title of the drug "Fesame", which is often used in everyday life. Therefore, hearing the term "Fesham", you should know that we are talking about the drug "Fesame".

The preparation of the drug includes two active components:

1. Cinnarizin - 25 mg;

This means that each capsule contains 400 mg of piracetam and 25 mg of zinnarizin. Due to the content of active substances, the drug on slang medical workers is often called "Fesame 400 + 25". When a person sees a similar name, you should not be afraid because it is about the same flame.

As auxiliary components, flames contain the following substances:

• Lactose;
• Silicon dioxide colloid;
• Magnesium stearate.

The shell of the capsule by 98% consists of gelatin and 2% of titanium dioxide dye.

Capsules Fesame dense, cylindrical shape, painted in white. Inside the capsules is a powder mixture painted in white or cream color. Powder inside the capsules may have small lumps, which, with a slight pressure of a dense item (for example, a spoon, glass stick, etc.) crumbling and turn into powder. Fesame produced in packs of 60 capsules.

Fesame - mechanisms of action and the scope of therapeutic application

The mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of the flame are due to the active ingredients included in its composition. The general, resulting therapeutic and clinical property of the Fesame is its ability to improve brain circulation and metabolism in cells and nerve brain fibers. In fact, all other flaming effects are due to the activation of blood flow and the intensification of metabolism in brain cells.

Since the flames are a combined drug, which consists of two active ingredients, consider the properties of each of them and their resulting comprehensive effects.

PiRsetam It is a nootropic agent that improves brain activity, providing a positive impact on metabolic processes. Piracetam improves glucose spending. Which is the main nutrient for the brain, since from any other cells of the cell central nervous system are not able to receive energy necessary to maintain life and functioning. That is, the brain cells under the influence of piracetam begin to actively eat, producing more energy, which is quite enough to ensure the intensive work of the organ. It is due to this that the transfer rate between neurons increases, the memory is activated, attention is concentrated and the overall improvement in the intellectual function occurs.

In addition, piracetam improves the blood supply to various parts of the brain, in which there is damage to vessels and moderate or weak oxygen fasting (ischemia). Due to the improvement of the microcirculation in the brain, the zones of ischemia suffering from oxygen deficiency disappear, and the entire volume of neurons is included in the intensive work. Improvement of blood flow is achieved not only due to direct impact, but also indirect, which is in braking gluing platelets and, therefore, in the prevention of the formation of thromboms. Thus, piracetam improves not only blood circulation, but also the properties of the blood, making it most suitable for circulation on microsudes. In the zones of brain, subject to ischemia, piracetam has a protective effect, increasing the stability of neurons to hypoxia and death.

That is, piracetams are capable not only to improve the brain circulation, but also enhance the integrative function of the brain (the ability to synthesis and analysis, generalizations, non-standard solutions, etc.), increase the productivity of intellectual work, consolidate memory, facilitate the learning process and mastering the new material , as well as to restore and maintain the brain functions in the elderly.

Cinnarizin It is a substance having a pronounced effect directly on the brain vessels. Thus, cinnarizin expands the brain vessels, reducing the tone of smooth muscles, as well as the severity of their reaction to biologically active substances, narrowing vessels. Cinnarizin expands the vessels, due to which the blood flow is activated, and the supply of various parts of the brain with oxygen and nutrients is significantly improved. Due to the improvement of blood circulation, the substance increases the stability of the tissues of the brain to the lack of oxygen. However, despite the vasodilatory effect, cinnarizin does not affect intracranial and blood pressure.

Together with cinnarizin and piracetam enhance each other effects, therefore the severity of the resulting the effect of the flashes is higher compared to the use of drugs is isolated with time-separation. However, the sedative effect of cinnarizine prevails in the flame, due to which a person does not feel psychomotor excitation, as when using piracetam.

Fesame - testimony for use (from what the tablets are flashes)

Currently, the flames are shown to use for the treatment of various diseases and states associated with violation of cerebral circulation, injuries. as well as disorders of the integrative function. However, not all of these states are included in the list of official indications for the use of the drug, since their effectiveness has not been proven scientifically. Therefore, we only provide a list of approved, official indications for the use of Fesame.

So, the testimony for the use of Fesame is the treatment of the following diseases or states:

Brain circulation disorders of any genesis (atherosclerosis of brain vessels, insult subacute or chronic, recovery period after hemorrhagic stroke, brain injuries, osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, etc.); Restoration after transferred to the cranial injury; Memory violation;
• Violation of the mental function (it is difficult to clearly formulate a thought, it is impossible to find a solution to a simple problem or think about the situation from different points of view, etc.);
• Violation of the concentration of attention;
• Mood disorders;
• Intoxication of any origin;
• Asthenia of psychogenic origin (anxiety, depression, feeling of emotional discomfort, irritability, lability);
• Encephalopathy of various origins (against the background of chronic hypertension. Traumatic damage to the brain, transferred infection, surgical operation, anesthesia, etc.);
• Dementia (dementia) due to vascular pathology;
• Psychoorganic syndrome with the predominance of asthenia and adami, provoked by infectious inflammatory diseases of the nervous system;
• Labyrinthathy (pathology of the structures of the inner ear), manifested by the noise in the ears. nausea, vomiting, nystagm. swinging;
• Meniere syndrome;
• Afaja (violation of speech), provoked by the pathology of the vessels;
• Prevention of kinetomy (sickness, "Sea disease", etc.);
• Migraine Prevention;
• Light neurological pathology in children (poor learning, low concentration of attention, insufficient long-term memory, etc.);
• In a comprehensive method of teaching children who have the lag of intellectual development.

Fesame (tablets) - instructions for use

Fesame capsules must be taken inside, swallowing entirely, not chewing, without disturbing the integrity of the shell and does not pour the powder into a glass with water. The capsule must be powered by a small amount of water (at least half a glass) or any other liquid with the exception of carbonated sweet drinks, coffee and caffeine-containing power engineers. For example, drink capsules by meter can be mineral water. juice, tea, compote, mors and other drinks. The only condition to be satisfied to satisfy the liquid to pick meter is a low temperature, that is, the drink should be not hot, but warm or cool.

Fesame capsules can be taken at any convenient time regardless of meals. However, if a person suffers from any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is better for him to take capsules from meals 20 - 30 minutes after meals. And as a meal, a light snack is quite suitable, for example, an apple. Banana or other fruit, sandwich, piece of meat, etc.

You should always try to take the capsulas of the flames at the same time, for example, every day at 9-00 in the morning, or daily at 8-00 and 18-00, depending on how many times a day, it is recommended to drink the drug. Moreover, if a person missed the reception at the set time, then the capsule should be made immediately, if the next period of receiving the flasham does not come up. If after the missed capsule approached the reception of the next, you should drink only one, and not two, without trying to compensate for the forgotten treatment of the drug.

For the treatment of various diseases, adults should take from member 1 - 2 capsules three times a day, within one to three months. Children over 5, but under 18 years of age, also for the treatment of various diseases and states should receive flashes on 1 - 2 capsules, but only one or twice a day for 1.5 - 3 months. The duration of the course of therapy is determined by the severity of the disease and the speed of the appearance of clinical improvement. It is impossible to take meals for longer than three months without a break. If necessary, treatment courses can be repeated 2 - 3 times during one calendar year.

Overdose by Fesame

The meter overdose during the entire period of use of the drug was recorded a very limited number of times. The drug is safe, and even excess the therapeutic dosage several times did not cause pronounced side effects that would force a person to cancel the reception of the flaming. The only symptom of the meter overdose in adults may be pain in the stomach. which, as a rule, is transported normally and does not require the abolition of the drug. Overdose of the flame in children is manifested by insomnia, excitement, irritability, tremor, nightmares, hallucinations or convulsions.

With the appearance of any symptoms of overdose in adults and children, it is necessary to conduct symptomatic treatment aimed at the relief of unpleasant sensations. In addition, it is recommended to wash the stomach. Fesame overdose can also be removed by hemodialysis.

Special instructions for the use of Fesame

Athletes must cancel the drug in 2 - 3 days before doping tests, since the zinnarizin contained in the flame may give a positive test result.

In addition, the use of meter can give a false positive result of the study on the definition of radioactive iodine. Since the capsule dye contains this trace element. Also, the flames activate the work of the thyroid gland. As a result, a person may have tremor (trembling) of various parts of the body and anxiety.

If piracetam causes insomnia and tension in humans, then it should be replaced with it with a flame, which in such situations is the optimal drug. Also, the drug is the drug of choice if the doctors simultaneously prescribed cinnarizin and piracetam (it may be the appointment of different doctors).

Against the background of the use of Fesame, caution should be taken when working with various mechanisms, including when driving a car, since cinnarizine at the initial stages of therapy can provoke drowsiness.

Against the background of the reception of the flaming, it is necessary to refrain from alcohol consumption, as it will provoke the massive death of the cerebral cells.

With the use of flashes in people suffering from liver diseases. It follows once a week to control the activity of transaminase (AsaT, Alat). When increasing the activity of transaminases by more than 1.5 times from the upper limit of the norm, the reception of the flame should be canceled.

If a person has a kidney disease before the cavity appointment, creatinine clearance should be determined by the Racher's sample. If creatinine clearance is more than 60 ml / min, then the flashes can be taken in the usual dosage, controlling this laboratory indicator every 3 to 4 days. If creatinine clearance was initially less than 60 ml / min or fell against the background of the use of the drug, then the cape dosage should be reduced twice and increase the intervals between the receptions.

Application during pregnancy and lactation

In the course of animal experiments, the absence of any negative effects of the flaming on the growth and development of the fetus was revealed. However, despite this drug is contraindicated for use during pregnancy. This is due to possible negative changes in the mental state of a woman, an increase in anxiety. The lability of the emotional sphere and mood, which is theoretically able to affect the course of pregnancy.

Since flashes penetrate into milk. That in the period of breastfeeding, he is also contraindicated. If a woman, baby breastfeeding, should for any reason to receive flashes, then the baby should be translated into artificial blends.

Interaction with other medicines

With simultaneous intake, it enhances the effect of sedatives, other nootrops, hypotensive agents and alcoholic beverages. Moreover, the flashes enhances only the oppressive effect on the central nervous system of all listed groups of drugs.

Reception of drugs expanding blood vessels and reduced pressure. leads to an increase in all the effects of the flasham. Accordingly, drugs, narrowing vessels and increase pressure, on the contrary, weaken the effects of the flasham.

Fesame improves the subjective tolerability of drugs from a group of neuroleptics and antidepressants.

Fesame: before or after eating - how to take

In many instructions for the use of Fesame, which are available on liner sheets, it is not indicated how to take the drug relative to meals. Usually, if not specified specifically, how to take a drug - before, during or after eating, it means that it can be used regardless of food, at any convenient time. This rule is fair and regardless of the Fesa, which can really be taken regardless of food intake in any time convenient for man.

However, experienced doctors or people who used this drug repeatedly, recommend taking it half an hour after eating. Such an option as optimal was chosen by them empirically when various capable of receiving the flaming were tried - during, before or after eating. The empirical conclusion is that it is best to take flashes after half an hour after meals, it is based on the fact that it is with this option that side effects develop less frequently, and the drug is perfectly transferred.

If the flashes must be taken several times a day, and full-fledged meals for some reason are impossible, you can simply eat anything, for example, apple, banana, nuts, a bun, sandwich, etc. Instead of lunch, afternoon school or dinner. A small amount of food that fell into the stomach will completely replace the full meal from the point of view of minimizing the unpleasant sensations from the use of Fesame. Remember that the phrase "after eating" does not mean the mandatory use of a full-fledged dinner, dinner, breakfast or afternoon room. It only means that before taking a medicinal product you need to eat something, for example, a piece of bread, fruit, sandwich, a piece of jelly or cold meat from soup, etc.

Fesame Children

Fesames are used for therapy in children over 5 years of age. If necessary, the use of flasham in children from one year is allowed.

Fesame in children and adolescents normalizes sleep, eliminates nightmarish dreams, stopping night awakening, reduces fatigue. Increases performance, both mental and physical, and also removes irritability. Emotional instability, mood lability and excessive vulnerability. In addition, the flashes reduce the frequency of the appearance of headaches in children, improves adaptation in the school or preschool team, stabilizes and maintains normal blood pressure, preventing his jumps. In general, the neuropsychic status of children, especially those suffering from various violations of the emotional-volitional sphere, normalizes the neuropsychiatric status of children.

Currently, as a rule, flashes are used to eliminate poor sleep, irritability, plasticity, instability, hysterical, poor concentration of attention and other light disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere in children of early and school age. The drug usually prescribes a neurologist. And not a psychiatrist, since it is not suitable for the treatment of severe mental illness, and it can be successfully used to eliminate the light violations.

After the course of use, the child becomes balanced, less fibrous, focused, attentive, it is not so fast and easily frustrated, his mood does not change for one minute several times, he sleeps much calmerly at night, and mastering speech and other skills is more successful and faster . Such positive changes in combination with good tolerance of the drug allow doctors and parents to consider mezzaries with an effective drug and use it to improve the mental work and the development of children.

In addition, the flames are successfully used in children for the treatment of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, recovery after crank-brain injuries and infectious diseases. In such situations, the drug normalizes the brain work, reduces headaches, stabilizes the night's sleep, and also improves adaptation in the team and learning ability. Also, the meters can improve the condition and contribute to the recovery of children, patients with autism and suffering from neurological impairment of light severity.

Fesame - side effects

Fesame in the overwhelming majority of cases is well tolerated and rarely causes side effects. According to international standards, all side effects are classified into several groups depending on the frequency of their occurrence. Regarding Fesame it was found that all side effects were recorded or sometimes, or rarely. Moreover, "sometimes", according to the international classification, means that the effect develops less than one person from one hundred, but more than in 1 of 1000. And "rarely" means that the side effect develops more than 1 person out of 10,000 But less than in 1 of 1000. All side effects of the flasham are transient, that is, they disappear independently after the cancellation of the medication and do not require any special treatment.

Fesame side effects include the following symptoms from various organs and systems:

1. From the central nervous system:

• Hypercines (twitching limbs, excessive movements, etc.);
• Nervousness;
• Drowsiness;
• Depression;
• Dizziness;
• Headache;
• Ataxia (violation of coordination of movements);
• Malfunction;
• Insomnia;
• Confusion;
• Excitation;
• Anxiety;
• Hallucinations.

2. From the gastrointestinal tract:

• Dislaring sexual behavior;
• Strengthening sexual attraction;
• Increase in body weight;
• Tremor limbs;
• Elevated muscular tone.

Contraindications for the use of Fesame

There are relative and absolute contraindications to the use of Fesame. Absolute are states, in the presence of which the drug cannot be applied, under no circumstances. And relatives are contraindications in which the drug can be used in compliance with caution and under the control of the doctor.

The following diseases and conditions are absolute contraindications.

• Heavy renal failure. at which creatinine clearance is less than 20 ml / min;
• Severe liver failure;
• Psychomotor excitation, available at the time of appointment of the fund;
• Horretton chorea;
• Acute hemorrhagic stroke;
• Pregnancy;
• Breast-feeding;
• Age under 5 years old;
• Sensitivity or individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Relative contraindications to the use of Fesame are the following states or diseases:

Fesame - Analogs

Currently, in the pharmaceutical markets of Russia and the countries of the former USSR, there are analogues and synonyms of Fesame. Synonyms are called drugs containing exactly the same active substances as flames. Analogues consider drugs containing various active substances (not the same as in the flasham), but possessing similar therapeutic and pharmacological effects.

Today there are the following drugs-synonyms for Fesame:

• Combitropyl capsules;
• Naockers capsules;
• Oaron pill;
• Pirasezin capsules.

Fesame analogues are the following drugs:

1. Acephane pills;

2. Bravinton concentrate;

3. Vero-Vinpocetin Tablets;

6. Vinpocetin Forte Tablets;

26. Noocleurine solution;

27. Noopept tablets;

28. Nootropyl capsules, tablets and mortar;

29. Oaron pill;

30. Pantogam syrup and tablets;

31. Pantokalcin tablets;

32. Piccal pills and mortar;

33. PiRacezin capsules;

39. Celebration capsules;

40. Tilex solution;

41. Ceurson solution;

42. Cerebrolyzate solution;

44. Encephabab Tablets and suspension;

45. Etitalamine powder;

46. Escotropyl solution.