Scabies. Causative agent. Conditions of infection. Clinical current. Diagnostics. Grain scabies. Treatment. Prevention of nosocomial infection. VTE Scabies: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Treatment of People's Methods

Scabies. Causative agent. Conditions of infection. Clinical current. Diagnostics. Grain scabies. Treatment. Prevention of nosocomial infection. VTE Scabies: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment Treatment of People's Methods

19.07.2020 Complications

Scabies is a fairly common skin disease. It is mistaken to assume that this one is common exclusively in the circle of asocial personalities, neglecting hygiene. Anyone can be infected with scabies, but this disease is especially common among children and young people. This is due, first of all, with mobility and more active lifestyle of this population group.

The reasons

The Sarcoptes Scabiei clan is the main reason for the appearance of scabies.

Female ticks, being on the skin, begin to surpass the moves in it to lay eggs. Out of eggs are derived from eggs, which, passing a series of metamorphosis, after 3 weeks turn into adults and continue the reproduction cycle.

You can get infected with scabies, both with close contact with the patient and through objects. Despite the fact that the scaffolding tick is not too resistant to the action of the external environment, in favorable conditions, it can survive outside the body of a person of 4-5 days. A favorable medium for habitat tick out of body patient are natural fabrics, homemade dust, wooden surfaces.

Interesting to know! The tick is particularly active in the period from September to December, it is on the autumn-winter period that there is a peak incidence of scabies.

Clastic caustic factors:
direct contact with an infected person or public items;
Contact with contaminated chicken tick animals;
Recurrements due to improper use of anticipating agents or sustainability of the pathogen to this drug.

The most common complications of scabies are dermatitis, allergic reactions (urticaria, microbial eczema), piederma and often occurring scabiose lemphoplasia of the skin.

With a scabiose lymphoplace of leather, the inlet of the scabbed channel has the form of a large and dense nodal and (or) of the node, the main places of their localization are the external genitals. In some cases, it may be a long saving itching (even after full cure scabies).

Clinical picture

The main symptom of scabies is strong, sometimes unbearable itching is usually amplifying at night.

Classic form

At the first stage, patients with scabies in the locations of the elbow and knee bends, between fingers, in armpits or in groin appear erythematous papulas. In the future, the spread of scabies is possible throughout the body, however, in adult patients face, as a rule, is not amazed.

For scabies, it is characterized by the presence on the skin of characteristic moves, externally they look like wavy whitewash lines covered with peeling skin. Sometimes at the end of the course, it is possible to see a tiny dark point - tick.

It is worth knowing! Incubation period After infection with a garlic tick lasts, on average, 8-12 days.

Often, the flow of scabies is complicated by an attached piococcal infection that occurs due to leather comb.

Atypical form

In people who have strong immunity, an atypical form of scabies characterized by erased symptoms is developing. This form of the disease is called "scabies of clean", since people who pay increased attention to hygiene issues, the disease often occurs in a hidden form.

With this form of scabies, patients appear single papulas on the stomach (in the navel region) or on the chest. These rashes do not cause much discomfort patients, only at night there may be a small itch.

Nature form

Scabies in a nodule form is a consequence of a hypergic (strongly pronounced) of the patient's body's reaction on the products of the scaffolding tick. Often, the nodule form develops, as a complication is not treated or treated incorrectly classical scabies.

It is characterized by a nodular curb appearance of red-brown nodules causing strong itch. The rashes are located over scabies, so their localization is quite typical for scabies.

This form of scabies is poorly subject to local treatment, since due to the presence of crust, medicines do not penetrate into the skin.

Norwegian or Cork form

Norwegian scabies is a rather rare disease that develops only in persons with low immunoreactivity. This form is very inclied, since in the crusts formed on the skin of patients, is noted high concentration ticks.

Norwegian scabies can develop in people with immunodeficiency states, in exhausted persons, in alcoholics, as well as in patients who have forced long time to take cytostatic or corticosteroids.

Currency scab is manifested by the appearance on the skin of dirty gray crusts, which lay down on each other. Corks are tightly soldered with subject to skin and among themselves, their removal causes pain. After removing the peel, erosion of yellowish color is exposed.

Cork scabies, most often, affects elbow and knee inner surfaces, belly, buttocks, brushes and fingers. Much less crashes face and skin of the head. Some patients amazed nails, in this case, nail plate It becomes fragile, easy to crumble and breaks.

Often, the loop of Norwegian scabies is complicated by attached infections, while different dermatitis, microbial eczema, or are developing.

Grain scabies

It is worth knowing! Infection occurs when grain dust in the skin or with direct contact with straw. Therefore, in the risk group for infection with straw scabies there are workers of agricultural enterprises, elevators, grain warehouses, flour and complexes, etc.

The optimal temperature for reproduction of ticks is 15-25 degrees, however, they can exist and multiply in a wider range of temperatures from 10 to 37 degrees of heat.

The females of the puzzled mite nipples, one individual can produce up to 300-400 young ticks. About 30 young individuals appear on the light of one fema. The floor maturity of ticks occurs on 6-12 days after the appearance depending on external conditions.

Puzzled ticks, in contrast to the scales, does not penetrate into the upper layers of the skin and does not produce scabies there. He only contacts the skin and feeds the blood of the victim as with such a mosquito.

A dusty factor plays a much smaller role in infection with straw scabies. Especially favorable conditions for infection with this type of scabies are created in the process of performing work with infected products. When grumping grain, with a pressing of hay, with spinning and cutting of straw, when cooking flour, etc.

Clinical picture

The elements of the rash during grain scabies are located in close proximity to each other on the background of blushing and slightly edema skin. Dimensions of rashes can be different, from buckwheat grain to a forest walnut. In addition to papules on the skin, bubbles filled with serous or purulent liquid are often formed.

The first 4-5 days the intensity of symptoms increases, with the common rash the patients often climbs the temperature. Can increase closely located the lymph nodes, Burn in the joints.

Symptoms of straw scabies are held for 10-15 days, after which they pass without a trace. Secondary hyperpigmentation is often formed in the plots of rash.

In young children (up to 5 years), the external symptoms of grain scabies can be expressed weaker than in adults.

Sometimes the flow of straw scabies is accompanied by an allergic cough and a runny nose. These symptoms develop as secondary allergic reaction on tick bites.

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of scabies is based on inspection and appointing laboratory research.

To take a material on the analysis of the damage to the skin of the patient, the scraping is taken. To prevent further spread of the tick, you need to apply the glycerin on the skin. This sample is placed on the slide glass, are covered with a glassy glass and directed to a microscopic study. When studying the material, with a strong increase, it is possible to detect the excrement of the tick, eggs or adults.

Diagnostic criteria for scabies:

The presence of symptoms is characteristic rash, night itch.
Epidemic environment. An inspection of contacting with patients for the presence of symptoms of scabies is performed.
Holding laboratory tests.

It is necessary to differentiate scabies with other dermatoses, causing itching - microbial eczema, etc. With these diseases, as a rule, the intensity of itching increases during the daytime, when it bothers the sick scabies at night.

The diagnosis of grain scabies is difficult in that the tick in the study of the contents of the elements of the rash is not detected. Therefore, in the diagnostic process, an important role is played by the collection of history, and confirmation of the fact of contact with grain, straw or similar products that can be infected with ticks.

Treatment

Patients with scabies are treated, as a rule, in an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is shown only by epidemiological indications.

Regardless of the type of the prescribed drug, several rules must observe the patient with scabies:

Apply the drug to the skin of the whole body (with the exception of the face and head), and not only to the place of the defeat.
Because ticks are most active at night, it is better to carry out skin treatment in the evening.
Regularly change underwear, including bedding. Were washing the patient's underwear at maximum temperature, and then stroke the iron.
It is necessary to make disinfection of outerwear, as well as, upholstery of upholstered furniture, which has enjoyed the patient.

It is worth knowing! For disinfection, UV irradiation or antiseptic solutions is used.

Recently, for the treatment of scabies, mainly benzylbenzoate is used. This tool is made in the form of ointments. Treatment of the patient's skin should be carried out every other day, this frequency of applying means is due to periods life cycles tick. Even more convenient preparations produced in the form of aerosols. They are simply sprayed above the skin.

In the presence of complications of scabies at the first stage of treatment, antibiotics are used to get rid of bacterial infections.

Patients with the Norwegian form of scabies should be hospitalized. Before carrying out the anti-kabiosis (anticipating) treatment, it is necessary to achieve a softening of the crust. For this purpose, a course of soap-soda baths and the use of keratolytic ointments is appointed. After removal of the crust, the treatment of scabies are carried out along the usual scheme. In addition, drugs are prescribed to stimulate immunity and correction of the underlying disease that influenced the immune status.

There are general rules that need to be performed during the treatment of this disease ointments:

Important! Medicinal substancescontained in any cream have a destructive effect only on adult ticks, embryos remain unharmed. Be sure to re-process the skin on the fourth day to destroy the hatched larvae.

Overview Maze

Special ointments - one of effective tools, helping to quickly eliminate not only the symptoms of the disease, but also the most chicken tick. Usually prescribe these drugs, when a large number of foci of lesion on the skin appears.

Sulfur

- This is an intense drug that kills scabies ticks, but can also have a negative impact on the skin: it acquires an unpleasant form, sweating is disturbed. Toler has nasty smellwhich poorly dispends and leaves footprints on clothes.

For the treatment of children use ointment with sulfur concentration of 10%, for adults - 33%. It is applied before bedtime to all the affected areas within 5-7 days. During the passage of the medical course, it is impossible to swim and wash off the residues of ointment.

Zinc

Important! It is possible to use this ointment as an additional tool to the main treatable drug. It is suitable for children and adults.

Benzylbenzoate

Before applying a tube, you need to warm up a little in your hands so that the drug worked more efficiently. Drug can be used in two ways. The choice depends on the stage of the disease and the area of \u200b\u200binfected skin. Dermatologist will help to choose a suitable treatment scheme.

The drug is applied to the affected areas and keeps to complete drying. An hour later, ointment is repeatedly rubbed into the skin. At the same time it is impossible to wash in 3 hours. Treatment It is necessary to conduct a 2nd day, inflicting several times a day. If there are no visible improvements, extend the course to 3 days.
Medication must be used for the 1st and 4th day of treatment. It is applied for the night, the ointment is not washed away. On the fifth day of treatment, it is necessary to change all the wrecked, bed linen and thoroughly wash.

When using this drug, patients often experience a tangible burning sensation that you do not need to be afraid. It usually takes place a few minutes after applying.

Important! In the treatment of the child, it is necessary to put on the hands of the mittens, so that the active substance does not fall into the eyes and mouth.

CROTAMITON.

An expensive means that does not smell.

The drug is produced in 10% of the concentration of the active substance. Depending on the degree of skin lesion, it can be used in several ways:

The medicine is rubbed every 12 hours within 24 hours, after which it is necessary to take a break for 1 day, then repeat the steps.
Apply a means every 12 hours within 2 days.
Within 5 days every 12 hours, lubricate the affected areas.

Vilkinson

The ointment is similar in composition with sulfur. Assigned to easy form scabies when there are no nodules and allergies on the skin. The course of treatment is 3 days. The drug must be used immediately before bedtime.

Important! The medicine is prescribed only to adult patients. The active substance is very difficult removed from the clothes, leaving traces and unpleasant odor.

Price

These prices are conditional, they depend on the manufacturer and pricing policy of different pharmacies.

Who is opposed to ointments:

people with increased sensitivity to components drug;
children up to 3 years;
patients with obstructive bronchitis or bronchial asthma.

Teenagers, pregnant and lactating women need to use these creams with extreme caution. When detecting side Effects (strong burning, allergic reaction, dry skin), it is necessary to stop using the drug and consult a doctor.

Treatment by folk methods

In addition to therapy, chosen by a dermatologist for the treatment of scabies, patients can use folk treatment methods.

Ointment of scabies. To prepare this fund, the root of nine, birch tar and powder sulfur. As the basis for ointments, you can use pork slices. You need to melt fat, bring it to a boil and put in its root of nine (on 4 spoons of smalts - a spoonful of crushed raw materials). Get warm for 15 minutes on a small fire, then strain. Give the mass to cool and add two spoons of powder sulfur and birch tar in it. Mix everything. Apply to the ointment with a thick layer on the skin affected by scabies. Withstand 2 hours, wash the ointment, using a decoction from the root of Natheriil instead of water.

Therapeutic soap from scabies. For the preparation of the medicine, you need to take a piece of ordinary household soap and grind it, rake on the grater. Pour some water to get a viscous mass, and warm it on fire before receiving a homogeneous mass. Then add to the dishes with soap chopped in a puree bulb and the head of garlic, mix. Modify from the mass of the slices of soap with any shape and dry in the air. Use for washing the body with scabies.

For external treatment of grain scaches, garlic oil can be used. For the preparation of a medicinal product for the treatment of scabies, you need to take mustard oil (250 ml) and grinding garlic (50 gr.). Garlic is poured with oil and warm up a mixture in a water bath for 20 minutes. After cooling and filtering, use to lubricate rashes on the skin in straw scabies.

Juniper will help in the treatment of grain scabies. You can use berries and branches of the plant. Preparing a decoction of 100 grams of plant raw materials and liters of water. The decoction is used to wipe the damaged scabies of the skin.

Prediction and prevention

Prevention of scabies propagation is the timely detection and insulation of patients. It is necessary to identify all close contacts to the patient with scabies and conduct preventive treatment of persons in the risk group.

When scabies, the forecast is mainly favorable. Competent treatment of scabies allows you to completely get rid of the disease.

Individual protective equipment includes the use of respirators, safety glasses, overalls, including mittens and viorants. All these means of protection must be provided by workers who are in the process labor activity Contacts with a stored grain, straw and other material in which can dwell with a grain tick.

It is necessary to make preventive treatment of rooms in which the presence of a tick is assumed. Other disinfective measures are performed by the fusion of these premises. Regular disinfection should also have workers' clothing.

The forecast for grain scabies is good, however, immunity to the disease is not produced. With a re-infection, straw scabies will reappear again.

Grain scabies (straw)

Postcaboid lymphoplasia (novel scabies)

With this form of scabies on the skin, red-made sprinkling nodules are detected with a smooth surface, which are foci of hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. They develop as a result of a slow-type allergic reaction on the tick itself and its livelihoods. The nodel curl is detected in long-friendly patients, after recurrence or re-infection.

Scabies without moves

A rare form of the disease. It is detected in persons who have been contacted with sick scabies for the last two weeks. Caused by tick larvae. In case of inspection, single papules are detected in the inter-chamber intervals (less often on the skin of the torso).

Complicated scabies (eczematous, persistent, etc.).

Pseudochildy

Is it possible to get infected with pets with scabies?

The pseudochy is developing in infecting with a garlic tick from animals (birds, dogs, sheep, horses), since they are also infected with ticks and manifestations of the disease similar to scabies. Clinically, the pseudochia is not accompanied by significant symptoms, it is manifested by itching, there are no moves, since these ticks do not penetrate the horny layer of the skin. It is not transmitted to another person.

After some time, the pseudochima ends with self-esteem, since such ticks die independently and cannot multiply on the human skin. Therefore, with such scabies, symptoms are insignificant and treatment is not required. Diagnosis and complications

The diagnosis of scabies can establish a dermatologist in physical inspection and confirm with microscopic laboratory research (reliability of the analysis only 30%). Glycerin is applied to the affected area, then the scalpel is scraped the material for analysis. Since only in each 3 case, excrement, eggs or pings themselves are found, in other clinical cases, the diagnosis is determined by the doctor on the basis of the clinic and patient complaints.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with such skin diseases (with itching) as atopic dermatitis In children, atopic dermatitis in adults, phlebodermia, a knotted scratch, microbial eczema, urticaria, syphilitic papulas, pseudo-arcticoptosis.

Among the complications that may be for scabies are the most common, the rotten lesions of the skin (piederma), dermatitis. Sometimes the urticaria arises, eczema, in the infants it is possible to defeat the nail plates.

(Scabies Ventricosa; Sin.: Scabies Mattress, scabies straw, scabing barley) Dermatosis caused by Pediculoides Ventricosus tick, characterized by itchy urctar-vesiculous and erythematous -phal-dye rashes and large bubbles, often with small vesicles on their surface.

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Scabies

From the book I live to nausea Author Tsvetaeva Marina

Scabies are now in Moscow Poverery of scabies. All Moscow itchs itching. It comes between your fingers, then throughout the body, the subcutaneous tick, where it stops - blast. It happens only in the evenings. In the inscription services: "Handshakes are canceled." (It would be better - kisses!). And recently - visiting,

Scabies

From the book Volume 4. Book 2. Diary prose Author Tsvetaeva Marina

Scabies are now in Moscow Poverery of scabies. All Moscow itchs. It happens only in the evenings. In the inscription services: "Handshakes are canceled." (It would be better - kisses!) And recently - visiting,

Pizza grain

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Pizza grain with corn

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Vodka grain with potatoes

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What is the difference from each other asparagus and grain beans?

From the book 1001 Reply to important issues of gardener and garden Author Kizima Galina Aleksandrovna

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Grain flames

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From the book Homyachk Author Nesterova Daria Vladimirovna

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7 grain naval porridge

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7 grain naval porridge 2? Art. Spoons of wheat grain, 2 tbsp. Spoons of rye, 1 tbsp. Spoon, 1 tbsp. Brown rice spoon, 2 tbsp. Spoons of linseed seed, 1 tbsp. Spoon of buckwheat, 2 tbsp. Spoons of sesame seeds, 2 glasses of boiling water. Play boiling water in the thermos, leave overnight. In the morning you can still add

Young females of the puzzled yellowish color tick, oblong, measuring 223 x 80 μm, after power, they become spherical - 1 - 1.5 mm in diameter. Males measuring 164 x 90 microns.

The optimum temperature for the development of a 25 ° C tick. Females whip.

The female hips out 200-300 ticks, passing all the development in her body, why the rear part it becomes a spherical.
.

Grain scabies first described Shamberg (J. F. Schamberg, 1901).

Other types of pyemotes.

The rash as a result of the bite P. Herfsi was first recorded in Europe in 1936. It is possible to attach a secondary bacterial infection.

The male of the puzza tick without meals lives 24 hours, the female - 36 hours (feeding - 38 days).

Pyemotes Herfsi bites people, causing redness, itching and scars. Size about 0.2 mm.

P. Herfsi was registered in Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Australia, Northern India, in the USA, Germany.

The rash as a result of the bite P. Herfsi was first recorded in Europe in 1936. It is possible to attach a secondary bacterial infection.

The male of the Puzza tick without meals lives 24 hours, the female - 36 hours (feeding - 38 days).

Treatment of grain scabies

The forecast is favorable.

Prevention consists in disinsection of objects where pliers are detected. When working with grain, infected bees, open parts of the body are treated with 2-4% solution of drinking soda, take a shower.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with a wretchedness (at which it is usually not observed visitor and empty), wind shelter, thrombidiasis, scabies (lack of scabies, localization of urctronic elements with vesiculoplas on the surface) and other dermatitis.

Treatment is symptomatic: warm baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or sodium bicarbonate (bath with starch, bathrobes with food soda, baths with mangartee-acid potassium), local means (Battakers, creams, ointments) containing 2-3% of menthol, anesthesine, 5-10% sulfur ointment. To reduce itching Prednisone (0.5 mg / kg). It is important to remove contact with ticks and their feeders.

The forecast is favorable.

Causes of the disease

The causative agent of grain scabies is called the tight tick due to the characteristic shape of the body of the fertilized female. The mites of the tick has a caller with a length of about 0.12 mm, the immature females are somewhat larger, they have an extended body with a length of about 0.22 mm. The fertilized tick female acquires a spherical shape and increases in size up to 2 mm in diameter. Therefore, the pathogen can be seen without the use of optical instruments.Infection occurs when grain dust in the skin or with direct contact with straw. Therefore, in the risk group for infection with straw scabies there are workers of agricultural enterprises, elevators, grain warehouses, flour and complexes, etc.

The optimal temperature for reproduction of ticks is 15-25 degrees, however, they can exist and multiply in a wider range of temperatures from 10 to 37 degrees of heat.

Clinical picture

The first 4-5 days the intensity of symptoms increases, with the common rash the patients often climbs the temperature. Closely arranged lymph nodes can increase, pain in the joints may appear.

Symptoms of straw scabies are held for 10-15 days, after which they pass without a trace. Secondary hyperpigmentation is often formed in the plots of rash.

In young children (up to 5 years), the external symptoms of grain scabies can be expressed weaker than in adults.

Sometimes the flow of straw scabies is accompanied by an allergic cough and a runny nose. These symptoms develop as a secondary allergic reaction to tick bites.

Diagnostics

It is important to distinguish the manifestation of straw scabies from phlebotomodermia.

Treatment

Treatment of grain scabies is carried out by the same scheme as treatment. Most often assigned the following drugs:

Lindane. This drug For the treatment of scabies is produced in the form of creams or lotions. The drug is applied to the affected skin and washed off after 6-24 hours. It is applied once (less frequent use is required).
CROTAMITON. This is the safest drug for the treatment of scabies, can be used to treat children or pregnant women. The course of use for the treatment of grain scabies is 5 days.
Esdeepalletr - synthetic preparationReleased in the form of an aerosol. It is applied once. The drug is small-toxic and conveniently applied.
Ivermectin - drug from scabies oral application. Has contraindications.
Benzylbenzoate ointment is a traditionally used drug for the treatment of scabies. The drug is applied to the body after the evening soul. In the morning the drug is washed away.
Sulfuric ointment. This drug has long and sufficiently successfully applied to the treatment of scabies. For adults it is recommended to use 33% ointment, for children - 10-15%.

In the process of treatment of straw scabies, antihistamines are used - zoda, claritine, etc. Also both of these drugs are still very effective for treatment, and.

Today there is a lot modern drugs For the treatment of scabies, therefore, the use of folk methods is recommended only as a supplement to the main therapy.

Prevention and forecast

Prevention of infection with grain scabies lies in careful protection of the skin from a tick. Individual protective equipment includes the use of respirators, safety glasses, overalls, including mittens and viorants. All these means of protection should be provided by employees who in the process of work in contact with the stored grain, straw and other material in which can dwell with grain ticks.