Caisson disease from how many meters. Caisson disease - treatment of the disease. Types of decompression disease

19.07.2020 Preparations

Caisson disease occurs with a rapid transition from increased pressure to normal. It is found in working in caissons when building bridges, dams, docks, tunnels, etc. Under the influence of increased pressure in the caisson nitrogen inhaled air is excessively absorbed by tissues and blood. With a rapid transition to the atmosphere with normal pressure (decompression), the exempt from tissues of nitrogen does not have time to stand out through the lungs and accumulates in tissues, blood and lymphatic vessels in the form of bubbles, blocking the clearance of vessels (decompression). This causes circulatory disorders and fabric nutrition. Death can come immediately, after a few hours or several (1-20) days after leaving the caisson camera. It arises in emergency situations with a forced violation of safety regulations, when a person moves too quickly from the conditions of elevated atmospheric pressure to normal. The main danger is decompression, i.e. The exit period of workers from the caisson, in which the damage to the eardrum is possible, very sensitive to pressure disturbances from the outside, from the side of the hearing aisle, and from the inside, from the middle ear.

Forms:

Light shape of the caisson disease

Cement Middle Health Disease

Severe caisson disease

The main danger is decompression, i.e. The exit period of workers from the caisson, in which the damage to the eardrum is possible, very sensitive to pressure disturbances from the outside, from the side of the hearing aisle, and from the inside, from the middle ear.

Pathogenesis

The disease develops due to the transition of blood gases and body tissues from the dissolved state in free.

The gas bubbles formed disrupt the normal blood circulation, the nervous endings are irritated, they deform and damage the body tissues.

When decompression in the body, the process of removal of nitrogen dissolved in them is derived. Depending on its speed, the excess amount of nitrogen in the tissues enters the blood in a dissolved state or in the form of bubbles. They are the cause of gas embolism and the development of caisson disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of decompression disease is characterized by polymorphism.

The disease does not develop immediately: its first symptoms occur in 10-15 minutes and later after decompression, i.e. During the formation of more or less large gas bubbles.

The workers complain about the pain in the ears, "abdominal expansion", a feeling of malaise, cold, pain in the joints. In the future, certain clinical symptoms develop, the manifestation and severity of which is determined by the size, number and localization of gas bubbles in the body.

Light shape of the caisson disease

It is manifested in the form of extremely strong pain in the area of \u200b\u200bany joint or several joints suddenly. The mechanism of pain is due to violation of the nutrition of an embisolated site of fabric (periosteum, bone, joint, fascia, muscle, nerve). Most often there are stubborn pain in one or several joints of the limbs, especially in the knee and shouldch, as well as in the rays-up, elbow and ankle.

A light form includes all skin cases ("Caeson scabies"). Itching is usually felt on the torso or on the proximal parts of the limbs. The character of itching is reminiscent of the skin when the bite of insects.

With an objective examination, the soreness of nervous trunks, muscles and joints at their palpation is determined. Often there are edema of near-handed fabric, shuttleties. Certain areas of leather have a "marble" pattern due to the embolism of the skin vessels. The accumulation of gas in the subcutaneous tissue gives the beginning of the development of subcutaneous emphysema.

Therapeutic recompression removes pain syndrome and leads to rapid recovery.

Cement Middle Health Disease

First of all, the Meniere syndrome as a result of the formation of gas bubbles in the labyrinth of the inner ear. There are sharp weakness, heaviness and pain in the head. These symptoms are enhanced and combined with sharp dizziness, vomiting, noise and ringing in ears, decline in hearing. There are severe pallor, sweating, weakness. Dizziness worries even in the lying position.

Gastrointestinal lesions are characterized by the accumulation of gas in the intestine, the vessels of the mesentery and are accompanied by the appearance of very strong pain in the abdomen, frequent defecation. Belly is tense, palpation of his painful. The acuity of sight is reduced, which is accompanied by the expansion of pupils and oppression of their reaction to light. The film of the Eye DNA varies from normal to varying degrees of hyperemia of disks of optic nerves.

The forecast is usually favorable under the condition of timely and properly medical recompression.

Severe caisson disease

Developed when moving from the highest pressures (3-4 atm). It is characterized by the formation of embolts in the vessels of the CNS, heart and lungs. Patients note sharp general weakness and weakness in the legs, sharp cough, severe pain in chest, especially when inhaling, shortness of breath. In the future, clinical signs of pulmonary edema appear.

With multiple aeroembolis in the cavities of the right heart and lung vessels, a significant amount of gas bubbles of various sizes are accumulated, causing violation of cardiovascular activities. In such cases, pallor notes, sharp weakness, frequent and superficial breathing; Arterial pressure drops. The pulse first frequently, then slows down, the skin of a pale-gray shade or blue. With pronounced phenomena of hypoxia, the loss of consciousness occurs.

Myocardial infarction and lungs are possible.

Cerebral lesions are due to gas embles in the brain. After a short hidden period there are sharp headaches, weakness. In light cases, the sensitivity of one half of the body disappears, in more severe - phenomena paralysis arise: it is lost. Species are lost, signs of the paresis of the face nerve and the pathology of other cranial nerves, as well as paraplegia or parapapreza of the lower extremities.

Parabi Lower limbs are accompanied by urination and defecation disorders (Anuria and constipation). High tendon and periosteal reflexes are determined.

Especially severe deaths with fatal - Massive gas embolism with blood circulation blocking. The blockade of pulmonary blood flow leads to death from asphyxia. There may be an acute dysfunction of myocardial meals.

Pathological anatomy. With a rapid occurrence of death, a strongly pronounced body rocker is often noted. When pressed on the skin, it observes attitudes due to the accumulation in the subcutaneous fiber of gas and the development of emphysema, sometimes covered by the face. Sveta leather as a result of uneven blood distribution in the vessels has a marble appearance. Due to the emerging asphysees, the blood from most dead remains liquid. Capital is detected in many organs. Spring gas right department heart. In a microscopic examination, gas bubbles are found in the expanded cavities of the right heart and coronary vessels, the lower hollow vein, the vessels of the lung, head and spinal cord, their shells, liver vessels, spleen, small intestine. They are well noticeable in large blood vessels, especially veins: the blood in the vessels acquires a frothy look. There is a pronounced anemia of tissues and organs. In the lungs, swelling, hemorrhage, interstitial emphysee are found. In the liver, phenomena of fatty dystrophy are observed. In the head and spinal cord, the disorder of blood and lymphorage leads to dystrophic changes in the nerve cells and the emergence of ischemic foci of softening cerebral tissue followed by development in these areas of the cyst. The consequence of changes in the spinal cord, the pan of the small pelvis organs can be purulent cystitis and ascending purulent pyelonephritis.

With long-term exposure of increased atmospheric pressure Due to the emerging circulatory disorders in long tubular bones, predominantly lower limbs, detects are found, surrounded by the sclerosis zone, as well as the foci of aseptic bone tissue necrosis, sometimes with secondary osteomyelitis. In the joints there is atrophy of cartilage with the development of deforming osteoarthrosis, arthritis.

Diagnosis confirms the efficiency of re-rooming the injured in the conditions of increased pressure (recompression); Detection on radiographs of bubbles in the utensils of joints, synovial vaginas of tendons, muscle fascia, as well as bone and joint lesions.

Treatment

In all cases, heavy form of caisson disease must be carried out by urgent recompression.

Prevention

The main preventive event is strictly observing "safety rules in the work of work under compressed air (caisson works)". The permissible pressure in the caisson is limited: it should not exceed 4 atm, which corresponds to the depth of water 40 m. According to these rules, it is strictly normalized by the length of working time in the caisson and the duration of the subsequent (the greater the pressure, the shorter working time and longer decompression period).

In the surroundings, it is often referred to as the "divers" disease, and the likeli-diving lovers of Emko call this disease "Cesson". What is this unusual disease, peculiar to those who often fall on the depths of the sea or underground?

History and description of the ailment

DKB is a disease caused by a sharp decrease in pressure inhaled gases - nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen. In this case, dissolved in human blood, these gases begin to stand out in the form of bubbles that block normal blood supply, destroy the walls of vessels and cells. In a severe stage, this disease can lead to paralysis or even a fatal outcome. This condition is often developing in those who work under conditions of high atmospheric pressure during the transition from it to normal pressure without complying with due precaution. Such a transition is called decompression, which gave the name of the disease.

Such decompression is experienced by workers engaged in the construction of bridges, ports, foundations for equipment, which have underwater tunnels, as well as miners involved in developing new fields and divers, and both professionals and lover of underwater sports. All these works are produced under compressed air in special caissons chambers or in special hydroyases with air access system. The pressure in them specially increases with the immersion to balance the growing waterproof pressure or water-saturated soil over the camera. Stay in the caissons, as well as underwater immersion, consists of three stages:

Compression (period of pressure increase);
Work in Kesson (stay under consistently high pressure);
Decompression (period of pressure reduction when lifting up).

It is with the improper passage of the first and third stages that the caisson disease occurs.

Potential risk group - love divers. Moreover, news reports often talk about how military doctors have to "pump out" the rawlist divers.

For the first time, humanity faced this disease after the invention of the air pump and Camera-Kesson in 1841. Then such cameras began to use workers when constructing tunnels under rivers and fixing the supports of bridges in a wet soil. They began to complain about joint pain, numbness of limbs and paralysis after returning the chamber to normal pressure in 1 atmosphere. These symptoms are currently called DKB of the first type.

Typology of decompression disease

Doctors at the moment share caisson disease into two types, depending on which organs are involved in the symptoms and complexity of the disease.

Caisson disease The type I is characterized by a moderate danger to life. With this type of flow into the disease, joints, lymphatic system, muscles and leather are involved. The symptoms of the first-type caisson disease are as follows: increasing pain in the joints (elbow, shoulder joints They suffer especially), back and muscles. Paints are becoming stronger when driving, they acquire a drilling character. Other symptoms are skin itching, rash, also the type of skin of the skin is covered with spots, lymph nodes - lymphadenopathy.
II type of caisson disease is much more dangerous for human organism. It affects the dorsal and brain, respiratory and blood system. This type is manifested by paresses difficult to urinate, headache, intestinal dysfunction, ears noise. In particularly difficult cases, loss of vision and hearing, paralysis, convulsions with the transition to whom can be observed. Less often suffocate (shortness of breath, chest pain, cough), but this is a very disturbing symptom. With a long stay of a person in the premises with increased pressure Such a cunning symptom is possible, as an imbaric osteioneconomic - manifestation of aseptic bone necrosis.

Caisson disease is manifested within an hour after decompression in 50% of patients. Especially often are the most severe symptoms. In 90%, signs of developing caisson disease are found 6 hours after decompression, and in rare cases (this applies primarily to those who, after entering the caisson rises to height), they can manifest themselves even a day later.

The mechanism of the emergence of "problems of divers"

In order to understand the reasons for this disease, it is necessary to refer to the physical law of Henry, which states that the solubility of gas in the liquid is directly proportional to the pressure on this gas and the liquid, that is, the higher the pressure, the better dissolves in the blood gas mixture, which a person breathes. And the opposite effect - the faster the pressure decreases, the faster the gas is distinguished from the blood in the form of bubbles. This applies not only to blood, but also any liquid in the human body, therefore, the caisson disease also affects the lymphatic system, joints, bone and spinal cord.

The bubbles of gases formed as a result of a sharp decrease in pressure have the property to be grouped and block the vessels, destroy tissue cells, vessels, or squeeze them. As a result of B. blood system Blood clots are formed - thrombus bursting vessels and leading to its necrosis. And bubbles with blood flow can get the most remote organs of the human body and continue to carry destruction.

The main causes of the caisson disease under underwater immersion are as follows:

Sharp non-stop rise to the surface;
Immersion in cold water;
Stress or fatigue;
Obesity;
The age of the immersed person;
Flight after deep-water immersion;

When immersing in the caisson, the causes of decompression disease are usually:

Long-term operation in conditions of increased pressure;
Immersion in the caisson to a depth of over 40 meters when the pressure rises over 4 atmospheres.

Diagnosis and treatment of caisson disease

To properly form a diagnosis, the doctor is required to provide a complete clinical picture of symptoms arising after decompression. Also, a specialist in diagnostics can be based on data from such studies as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and spinal cord tomography to confirm the diagnosis of characteristic changes in these bodies. However, relying purely on these methods is not worth - issued by them clinical picture It may coincide with the flow of the arterial gas embolism. If only the combination of MRI and X-ray can be identified with one of the symptoms.

The caisson disease is safely cured in 80% of cases. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the temporary factor - the faster the symptoms are revealed and the treatment is revealed, the faster the body's restoration and the removal of gas bubbles will be held.

The main method of treating DKB is recompression. For this, special equipment supplied to the patient's blood large amounts of oxygen in the patient's blood to wash the excess nitrogen under high pressure. This method is used right at the location of the victim, it is later important to transport it to the nearest medical institution. In the future, therapy is added to eliminate other symptoms of the disease - the removal of pain in the joints, the constructive and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Decompressional chamber used for the treatment of caisson disease.

To prevent the occurrence of DKB, it is necessary to correctly calculate the regimen of decompression, set the right intervals between decompression stops during the lifting process to the body so that the body has time to adapt to the changing pressure. Most often, these calculations are engaged in computer programs designed for these purposes, but in 50% of cases they do not take into account the individual characteristics of each diver or the working caisson chamber, as well as the factors that many of them negligently refer to the recommendations on the right rise from the region high pressure On the surface.

To know about the caisson disease is necessary not only to those people who are seriously engaged in working at great depths. This disease is B. easy form It can manifest itself from any person who decided to do diving, being on vacation, or is fond of speleology, mountaineering and other sports requiring significant descent to water or in the bowels of the Earth. Perhaps recognizing the symptoms of the caisson disease, knowledge of its causes and consequences, can help subsequently save someone's life.

Caisson disease

Kesson disease (decompression disease) is occupational Illnesscharacterized by the formation of gas bubbles in the blood due to fast decline The pressure of the inhaled mixture of gases (nitrogen, helium, oxygen, hydrogen), which leads to the destruction of cell walls, blood vessels and blocking the blood supply of tissues. This pathology also begins the name "Disease Disease" due to the fact that most often the divers (especially lovers) suffer from this ailment due to non-compliance with due precaution.

With increasing pressure, the solubility of gases in liquids (in this case, blood, lymph, synovial and spinal fluids) Increases, while with a sharp decrease in pressure dissolved in liquid, the gases are highlighted in the form of bubbles that have the property of grinding and blocking, destroying, squeeze the vessels. The breakthrough of the vascular wall leads to hemorrhages in the tissue of organs. Also bubbles can be grouped and cause gas embolism. In the formation of emergency bubbles (mainly in hydrophilic tissues of joints and ligaments), serious damage to the internal organs may arise due to squeezing muscle fibers and nerve endings by bubbles.

The risk group currently includes not only the divers and workers of the caisson, but also pilots experiencing pressure drops in high height flights, and astronauts using suits that support low pressure when entering outdoor space.

Factors that provoke the development of decompression diseases:

· A sharp rise to the surface from depth without stopping;

· Airfare after deep-water immersion;

· Violation of blood circulation regulation at a depth (under water);

· Supplements of the body under conditions of increased pressure;

· Age-related changes (less efficient blood flow, weakened cardiovascular and respiratory system);

· Dehydration of the body (slow blood flow contributes to the formation of "nitrogen barricades");

· Physical exertion during immersion or in front of it;

· Alcohol use immediately before or after immersion;

· Overweight divers;

· Hypercup (increased resistance to breathing, physical exertion, breathing delay to save the breathing mixture, mixture contamination).

Symptoms of caisson disease

Clinical manifestations depend on the severity of the caisson disease. With a light degree, skin rashes, itching, moderate pain in the joints, bones and muscles, moderate weakness, awkwardness of movements, paresthesia (numbness, feeling of "crawling of goosebumps"), rapid breathing and pulse. At a moderate severity, the general condition is worsening almost immediately after decompression, pain intense, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating and short-term loss of vision may occur. With a serious degree of caisson disease, symptoms of the lesion of the central nervous system appear (paralysis, paresis), the musculoskeletal system and of cardio-vascular system (Pains for sternum, cyanosis, collapse, choking), which can lead to death.

The diagnosis is usually based on clinical manifestations, examination of the patient and a carefully assembled history (the presence of the fact of immersion under water, flight at high height, etc.). Radiological diagnostic methods allow to identify gas bubbles in synovial bags, sometimes in blood vessels, medullastic solutions (in bone marrow) and specific changes of the spine (the expansion of the vertebral bodies, reduce their height in the absence of damage to intervertebral discs).

Severe two types of caisson disease:

· І Type - a lymphatic system, leather, muscles and joints (lymphadenopathy, arthralgia and Malgia, rash and itching) are involved in the pathological process;

· II Type - more lifelong for life, with damage to the head and spinal cord, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

When the symptoms appeared above, it is necessary to accept horizontal position And call an ambulance for transportation in the barocamera.

Treatment of caisson disease

The main method of treating decompression disease is recompression (leaching excess nitrogen by oxygen under high pressure in the barocamera). Symptomatic therapy is aimed at reducing pain sensations, stimulation of the cardiovascular system, prevention and elimination of complications. For this purpose, painful agents, anti-inflammatory, liner drugs, etc. can be assigned.

Complications of caisson disease can be diverse depending on the severity and timeliness of the treatment. This can be deforming osteoarthritis, heart methodium, aerial monopathic myelosis, chronic Morological syndrome, sharp heart and / or respiratory failure, neurit spectator nerve And defeat gastrointestinal tract, as well as a fatal outcome in the event of an extremely heavy degree of disease and non-appearances of medical care.

Prevention of caisson disease

In order to prevent the development of decompression disease, gas mixtures with a high oxygen content are used, the methods of lift from depth are adhered to, temporarily avoid staying in low pressure conditions after immersion and carry out desacuation (nitrogen removal) in decompression chambers.

Therapy:

Information published on the site is intended only for review. Described diagnostic methods, treatment, recipes folk Medicine etc. It is not recommended to use. Be sure to consult a specialist in order not to harm your health!

Caisson disease

Decompression, or caisson disease, abbreviated - DKB (on the jargon of submariners - kessonka) - the disease occurring mainly due to the rapid - compared with the time of the clarification - lowering the pressure of the inhaled gas mixture, as a result of which gases (nitrogen, helium, hydrogen - depending on the breathing mixture) dissolved in the blood and tissues of the body , begin to stand out in the form of bubbles into the blood of the victim and destroy the walls of the cells and blood vessels, block the blood flow.

History of decompression disease

For the first time, this disease arose after the invention of the air pump and followed by the invention in 1841. Kesson - cameras with high pressure, usually used for the construction of tunnels under rivers and consolidation in the bottom soil of the supports of the bridges. Workers were included in the caisson through the gateway and worked in the atmosphere of compressed air, which prevented the flooding of the camera. After the pressure reduced to standard (1 atm), the workers often had pain in the joints, and sometimes more serious problems - numbness, paralysis, etc., which sometimes brought to death.

Physics and physiology DKB

When inhaling the air, hitting the bronchi, comes to Alvetol - the smallest structural unit lungs. It is here that the process of gas exchange between blood and an outer medium itself occurs when hemoglobin contained in the blood assumes the role of transporting oxygen molecules according to our body. Nitrogen contained in the air is not absorbed in the body, but there is always in it, in dissolved - "quiet" - the form, without causing any harm. A completely different nitrogen begins to behave when it comes to underwater immersions.

The amount of gas dissolved in the liquid directly depends on the gas pressure to the surface of this liquid. If this pressure exceeds the pressure of the gas in the fluid itself, the gradient of the diffusion of gas into the liquid is created - the process of saturation of liquid gas begins. This process continues until the gas pressure in the liquid is equal to the gas pressure on the liquid surface. The saturation process occurs. When the external pressure decreases a reverse process. The gas pressure in the liquid exceeds the external gas pressure to the surface of the liquid, the process of "clarification" occurs. Gas begins to stand out from the liquid to the outside. It is said that the liquid boils. This is what happens with the blood of the submarine rapidly rising from the depths to the surface.

When the submariner is at a depth, he is necessary for breathing with pressure with a pressure of at least equal to the pressure of the environment. Suppose a submariner is at a depth of 30 meters. Consequently, for normal breathing at such a depth, the pressure of the inhaled gas mixture should be: (30m / 10m) atm. + 1ATM. \u003d 4thm.

that is, four times more than the pressure on land. In this case, the amount of nitrogen dissolved in the body, over time, increases and, ultimately, also exceeds the amount of dissolved nitrogen on land by four times.

When floating, with a decrease in the external, hydrostatic water pressure, the pressure of the gas mixture, which the submarine is breathing, also begins to decrease. The amount of nitrogen consumed by the submariner, and rather its partial pressure, also decreases. Because of this, the blood suspension begins to occur with nitrogen, as a result of which it begins to slowly release in the form of micro bubbles. There is a "clarification" of the blood, which at the same time "boils". A reverse gradient of the diffusion of gas from the liquid is created. When the process of the ascembly passes slowly, the partial pressure of nitrogen, in the composition of the respiratory mixture, is also reduced slowly - relative to the breathing of the submariner. Micro bubbles of nitrogen, from the blood, begin to be released and together with the bloodstream to move in the heart, and from there are already in the lungs, where they, again, through the walls of the alveoli outside the exhalation.

If the submariner begins to pop up too fast, then nitrogen bubbles simply do not have time to achieve lungs and leave the body outward. Blood submariner "boils." Thus, there are increasingly dissolved nitrogen to bubbles, which generates the effect of a snowball riding under the mountain. Then the platelets are attached to the bubbles, and after the other blood taurus. So the local blood clots (blood clots) are formed, making it unevenly viscous and capable of even blocking small vessels. In the meantime, bubbles attached to the inner walls of vessels partially destroy them and come off together with their pieces that complement the "barricades" in line with blood flow. The breakthrough of the walls of the vessels leads to hemorrhage into the surrounding tissues, blood flow slows down, and the blood supply to vital organs is disturbed. Big clusters of bubbles, connected with each other, can cause a very serious disease of the gas embolism.

The outcast form of the DCB arises in cases where microfubbers forming in tissues, joints and tendons are attracted by nitrogen released from tissues during lifting, but cannot get into the blood due to its blockade (t. N. "Bottle Bottle Effect"). Hydrophilic tissues of joints and ligaments are especially susceptible to the accumulation of non-audit bubbles of nitrogen. It is this type of DCB and causes pain in the joints - a classic symptom of decompression disease. Growing bubbles are put on muscle fibers and nerve endings, which leads to serious damage to the internal organs.

The mechanical blockade of blood flow with nitric bubbles is not the only mechanism of the caisson disease. The presence of bubbles and their connection with blood tales leads to biochemical reactions that stimulate blood folding right in the vessels, emissions of histamine and specific proteins in the blood. The electoral seizure from the blood of complementary proteins eliminates the danger of many devastating consequences of DKB. Recent studies have shown that binding bubbles with white blood tales causes strong inflammation of the vessels. Thus, immunological factors and biochemical reactions play a very important role in the development of the disease.

To avoid the occurrence of DKB, it is necessary, first of all, to control the process of care, which, according to modern ideas, should not exceed 18 meters per minute. The slower the submariner pops up, the slower the surrounding pressure decreases and the fewer the bubbles are formed in its blood. Excess gas has time to go through the lungs without causing harm to the body.

Moreover, in the practice of snorkeling there are so-called decompression stops. Their essence is that the submariner, rising from the depths of the surface, stops at a certain - obviously smaller compared to the depth of immersion - the depth, again, again, a certain time, which is calculated either by tables, or using a submarine computer. This stop (or even a few gradual stops) can last a sufficiently long period of time, depending directly on how much the submariner has exceeded the non-receptice limit of dive, and, accordingly, its body is very saturated with nitrogen. During such stops, the organism is "clarified" and the withdrawal of gas bubbles. Excess nitrogen is derived from the body, and blood does not boil, as if the swimmer surfaced to the surface without any stop. Often at such stops, the submariner breathes a gas mixture other than "bottom". In such a mixture (cut), the percentage of nitrogen is reduced, and therefore decompression passes faster.

Of course, the full saturation of all tissues of the body nitrogen does not occur immediately, it takes time. To calculate the maximum stay on the "given" depth, without the risk of the occurrence of DKB, there are special decompression tables that recently began to replace underwater computers everywhere. Using these tables, you can approximately find out the time of finding the submariner on the "given" depth, - with the breath of the "given" gas mixture - which will be safe in terms of health. The word "approximately" here is not accidental. Data on finding at a certain depth, for different people, can vary in very wide limits. There are certain risk groups, the dive time for which can be significantly less than that of others. For example, a highly dehydrated human body is much more susceptible to DKB, so all submariners drink a lot of liquid, before and immediately after diving. Decompression tables and underwater computers originally contain some strength of "strength", focusing on the minimum possible time Dives after which there is already a risk of the occurrence of DKB.

Cold and physical exertion during dive, also contribute to the emergence of DKB. The blood circulates slower in the frozen part of the body and it is much worse with the conclusion of it, as well as from the adjacent tissues, excess nitrogen. After the ascent in such places, the so-called cellophane effect can be observed, which does not create bubbles under the skin.

One of the options to reduce the risk of the occurrence of DKB, the same, is the use of respiratory mixtures of different air. The most common variant of such a mixture is nitrox - enriched air. In the nitrox, compared with the simple air, the percentage of oxygen is increased, due to the smaller nitrogen content. So-like nitrogen in nitroxes contain less, then, respectively, the time spent at a given depth will be greater than the time at the same depth, but using air. Or, on the contrary: it will be possible under water the same time as on the "air", but at greater depth. Due to the smaller content of nitrogen in Nitrexce, there is a smaller saturation of the organism. With underwater immersions, Nitrelox need to use their own, nitroxny, decompression tables or special computer modes.

Since the nitroxse contains a greater amount of oxygen than in the air, another danger occurs - oxygen poisoning. The maximum depth on which can be immersed without the risk of oxygen poisoning on which can be immersed without the risk of oxygen poisoning on the mark of the nitroxse (from the percentage of oxygen content). For the use of enriched air, for dives, within the framework of all international snorkeling associations, there are special courses.

Risk group

Risk groups on DKB today increased much in comparison with the XIX century. Now this group includes not only divers and workers working in caissons, but also pilots experiencing pressure drop during high height flights, and astronauts that use suits that support low pressure to open space.

Refractors provoking DKB

Violation of the regulation of blood circulation under water.
The aging of the body is expressed in the weakening of all biological systems, including cardiovascular and respiratory. This, in turn, is expressed in lowering the effectiveness of blood flow, cardiac activity, etc. Therefore, the risk of DKB increases with age.
The supercooling of the body, resulting in the blood flow, especially in the limbs and in the surface layer of the body, slows down, which favors the emergence of decompression disease. Eliminate this factor is simple enough: when immersed, it is necessary to wear enough warm wetsuit, gloves, shoes and helmet.
Dehydration of the body. Dehydration is expressed in reducing blood volume, which leads to an increase in its viscosity and slowing the circulation. It also creates favorable conditions for the formation of nitrogen "barricades" in vessels, a common violation and stopping blood flow. Many reasons are promoted to dehydration during scuba diving. Many reasons are facilitated: sweating in wetsuit, hydration of dry air from aquulangage in oral cavity, reinforced urinating in immersion and chilled state. Therefore, it is recommended to drink as much water as possible before immersion and after it. The inflammation of the blood is achieved by accelerating its flow and an increase in volume, which has a positive effect on the process of outputting excess gas from the blood through the lungs.
Physical exercises before dipping cause the active formation of "quiet" bubbles, uneven blood flow dynamics and education in the circulatory system with high and low pressure. Experiments have shown that the number of microposets in the blood decreases significantly after rest in the lying position.
The physical activity during dive leads to an increase in the speed and non-uniformity of blood flow and, accordingly, to strengthen the absorption of nitrogen. Heavy physical exercises, lead to the laying of microposses in the joints and preparing favorable conditions for the development of DKB with subsequent immersion. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid large physical exertion before, during and after immersion. Moreover, physical exertion increases the consumption of sugar, which leads to the heating of the tissues and to an increase in the heat of the isolation of the inert gas to increase the voltage gradient.
Overweight divers are subject to greater risk of "pick up" decompression disease (compared to submariners with normal physique), since in their blood the fat content, which, due to its hydrophobicity, increase the formation of gas bubbles. In addition, lipids (fat fabrics) are most well dissolved and kept inert gases.
One of the most serious provoking factors of the DKB is hypercupnia, due to which the acidity of blood increases sharply and, as a result, the solubility of inert gas increases. HyperCapnia provoking factors: exercise stress, increased respiratory resistance and breathing delay for "savings" DGS, the presence of pollution in the inhaled DGS.
The use of alcohol before and after immersion causes severe dehydration, which is an unconditional provocation of the DCB factor. In addition, the alcohol molecules (solvent) are the "centers", which cause the muffinition of "quiet" bubbles and the formation of a main gas body - macropusca. The main risk of alcohol consumption is in its rapid dissolution in the blood and following it by the rapid onset of pathological condition.

Diagnostics

Sometimes decompression disease is confused with arthritis or injuries. The latter are accompanied by redness and fiber flipping; Arthritis, as a rule, arises in paired limbs. Unlike decompression disease, in both cases, movement and pressure on the damaged place are enhanced by pain. With severe form of decompression disease, vital organs and systems of the human body are affected: head and spinal cord, heart, hearing organs, nervous system And so on. According to medical statistics, the United States, almost 2/3 of the victims of decompression diseases had one neural form. Most often suffers from the spinal cord. The damage to the spinal cord occurs in the violation of its blood supply due to the formation and accumulation of bubbles in the surrounding fatty tissues. Bubbles block blood flow, feeding nervous cells, and also have mechanical pressure on them.

By virtue of the special structure of arteries and veins, supplying the spinal cord, the blood circulation violation in them is very easy. The initial stage of the disease is manifested in so-called. "Singing pains", then they are enemified and detected joints and limbs, and paralysis develops - as a rule, it is paralysis of the bottom of the body. As a result, they are addressed and internal organs, eg bladder and intestines. The lesion of the brain is caused by a violation of its blood supply due to blocking of blood vessels and the formation of emergency bubbles in the cerebral tissue. The brain swells and presses the cranial box from the inside, causing a headache. For pain symptoms are followed by numbness of the limbs (either both right or both left), violation of speech and vision, convulsion and loss of consciousness. As a result, any life function may be seriously affected (for example, the functions of sensitive organs - vision, hearing, smell, taste, pain perception and touch), which is soon manifested in clinical signs. Damage to the brainal center controlling any of these feelings leads to a loss of a specific function. Violation of motor function, coordination and movement, has catastrophic consequences, and one of the most frequent - paralysis. Autonomous activity of biological systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, etc., can also be broken, and this entails heavy diseases or death.

Decompression damage to the auditory and vestibular organs is more common in deep-water scubaers using special gas respiratory mixtures. The disease is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of orientation in space. These symptoms of decompression disease should be distinguished from similar boring caused.

Hitting bubbles from aorta in coronary arterySupporting blood cord muscle leads to heart activities, the finals of which can become a myocardial infarction. The pulmonary form of decompression disease occurs very rarely and only in submariners immersing at considerable depths. Many bubbles B. venous blood Block blood circulation in the lungs, makes it difficult to gas exchange (both oxygen consumption and nitrogen release). Symptoms are simple: the patient feels difficulty breathing, suffocation and chest pain.

First aid

Any health care begins with check general status, pulse, breathing and consciousness, as well as the content of the patient in warm and immobility. In order to provide the first assistance to the victim from DKB, it is necessary to determine its symptoms. Among them are "soft", such as strong unexpected fatigue and skin itch, which are eliminated by pure oxygen, and "serious" pain, respiratory impairment, speech, hearing or vision, numbness and paralysis of extremities, vomiting and loss of consciousness. The appearance of any of these symptoms makes suggest the occurrence of the heavy form of DKB.

If the victim is conscious and only "soft" symptoms appear, it is better to put it on the back horizontally, not allowing the posture that makes the bloodstream in any limb (crossing the legs, putting the hands under the head, etc.). A man with affected lungs most comfortably feels in a fixed sitting pose, which saves him from choking. With other forms of the sidiasis, it should be avoided, remembering the positive buoyancy of nitrogen bubbles.

Submarine with serious symptoms of the disease should be put differently. Since the victim in an unconscious state can be finished (and with the position lying on the back, vomit mass can get into the lungs), then to prevent overlapping respiratory tract Ramot masses, it is put on the left side, bending the right foot in the knee for stability. If the breath of the victim is impaired, the patient should be put on the back and make artificial respiration, If necessary, indirect heart massage.

After the patient was helped to take the correct position, it needs to ensure pure oxygen breathing. This is the main and most important reception of first aid until you give the victims of the specialist. Oxygen's breathing creates favorable conditions for transporting nitrogen from bubbles into lungs, which reduces its concentration in the blood and body tissues. To provide first aid, DKB patients use special cylinders with compressed oxygen, equipped with a regulator and a mask with an oxygen / min. They provide breathing almost one hundred percent oxygen, and a transparent mask allows you to notice the appearance of vomiting.

Transportation of the patient in the barocamera. Moving by air should be avoided, because at large altitudes bubbles will increase in the volume that the disease will aggravate. Hemorrhages with the most severe forms of decompression disease lead to the flow of blood plasma in the tissue, and this loss must be compensated. Patient with "soft" symptoms forced to drink a glass of water or any non-alcoholic non-carbonated drink every 15 min. Remember, however, that acidic drinks like orange juice can cause nausea and vomiting. A person who stays in a half-conscious state or periodically losing consciousness, is not recommended to drink.

Treatment

The treatment is carried out by recompression, that is, by increasing, and then a gradual decrease in pressure according to special tables. Recompression regime is selected by specialists in accordance with the specific form of the DCB, the period that has passed since the lifting time or after the first appearance of symptoms and a number of other factors. In order to distinguish a decompression disease from the gas embolism, a test pressure increases to a level corresponding to a depth of 18 meters, for a period of 10 minutes in combination with oxygen breathing. If the symptoms disappear or weaken, it means that the diagnosis is faithful. In this case, the main recompression mode is selected on the tables. Most often start with immersion immersion 18 meters and gradually lifting duration from several hours to several days. All this time, the patient sits in a barocamera in a mask and breathes with pure oxygen with periodic five-minute breaks, since continuous breathing with pure oxygen during the feedards leads to oxygen poisoning. Ugly, when calculating the medical regime, threatens with the strengthening of symptoms and the further development of DKB.

In an extreme situation, when there is no possibility to immediately transport the victim in the appropriate barocamer, it is possible to produce partially medical recreresses using pure oxygen, a transport cylinder with a 50% nitrox, a full-cereal mask and a decompression station. This procedure takes a lot of time and is practically impossible in cold water conditions. The coming oxygen poisoning can be monitored using an air pause, but even if convulsions occur, with a full-cereal mask and under the control of a partner, they are not as dangerous and the risk of drowning is minimal. By themselves, convulsions themselves do not provide decisive influence on the body.

It should be noted the inefficiency of using air or other bottom DGS for Recompression - In case of its use, partial decrease in symptoms is accompanied by continuing dissolution and accumulation of inert gas in tissues, which results in deterioration status. Such a procedure cannot be recommended also because the state of a person exposed to the symptoms of DKB alsoprogenous and sharp deterioration It will lead it under water, while on the surface such a state can be controlled long enough. Thus, the recommended decompression on the bottom gas is an unforgivable time loss and dangerous risk. In any case, therapeutic recompression at the dive site - only reduce the symptoms and reduces the victim to the stationary baroque complex for recovery.

Preventing decompression disease

With underwater work, to prevent or reduce decompression effects, apply:

desaturation (the process of the withdrawal of nitrogen from human blood) in decompression chambers - a gradual decrease in pressure to atmospheric, allowing dangerous amount of nitrogen to leave blood and tissues;
methods of lifting with depths that reduce or eliminate decompression effect (with subsequent decompression):
- gradual rise, with stops, ensuring a decrease in blood nitrogen level;
- rise in a hermetic capsule (or Batiskof).
temporary ban on staying in low pressure media (for example, flights) after immersion;
use for decompression of gas mixtures with a high percentage of oxygen (nitroxes).

Kesson disease - what is it?

Caisson disease is a violation of the normal blood supply to organs and tissues, provoked by a sharp drop in the pressure of gases, which inhales a person (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen). Gases that are present in the blood in a dissolved form are converted to bubbles. They interfere with the normal stream of blood, contribute to the destruction of the vascular wall and tissue cells. If the disease has a serious flow, then a person can remain disabled or perhaps. Often, this state is developing in people who are under high atmospheric pressure. It manifests at that time when a person returns to Wednesday with normal atmospheric pressure, but does not observe necessary measures security.

In the risk group there are people who are engaged in the construction of ports, bridges, underwater tunnels, that is, all divers. And not only professionals can suffer, but also lovers to dive into depth. A person who is in a special chamber-keesson or in a hydrocymus is experiencing an effect of increased atmospheric pressure. It increases specifically to balance the water pressure on the costume or chamber.

Immersion under water passes in 3 stages:

The compression stage, during which the pressure rises.

The stage of performing the necessary work when a person is in conditions of high atmospheric pressure.

The decompression stage when the pressure is reduced, and the person rises to the surface.

If disturbances were allowed during the first or third stage, the diver may develop a caisson disease.

People learned about the disease in 1841, when the first caissons cameras were invented air pumps. They were used for the construction of bridges and tunnels passing under water. People who stayed in these cameras presented complaints about pain in the joints, to numb hands and legs, on. Now all these symptoms are carefully studied, they are referred to signs characterizing the first-type caisson disease.

Cases of Cases

Modern medicine distinguishes 3 types of caisson disease.

They differ depending on which authorities suffered during the dive of water:

The first type of caisson disease. This kind of disease begins a threat to life, but it is not great. A person will experience articular pains, his lymphatic system, skin and muscles will suffer. In addition to pain in the shoulder and elbow jointsThe victim will strengthen the pain in the back and muscles. They will dial intensity when trying to make traffic. The character of pain drilling. Also obstacles are observed by the type of spots, which are strongly ocked, the lymph nodes increase in size.

The second type of caisson disease is a threat to human life. The pathological process will be involved in the head and spinal cord, the circulatory and respiratory system. A man is experiencing urination disorders, he appears strong ,. If the disease has a difficult course, then the affected can be closed and blinded, the coma is not excluded. Choosing is also a symptom of a second type of caisson disease, but it rarely happens. However, it is impossible to leave shortness of breath and pain in the chest without attention, as it threatens with a fatal outcome. Another danger of a long residence of a person in an increased atmospheric pressure is the development of aseptic bone necrosis.

After the decompression of the caisson disease develops at half of the people. Most often the disease has a difficult course. The first signs of what happened in the body appear 6 hours after lifting to the surface. Although there are information about the development of the caisson disease, even 24 hours after immersion.

To find an explanation of how the caisson disease develops, it is necessary to refer to physics, namely to the law of Henry. It says that gases are dissolved in liquid with such an intensity with which the fluid itself has pressure on these gases. That is, the higher the pressure, the better gases dissolve. The faster the pressure decreases, the faster the gases in the blood will form bubbles. And they will appear not only in the blood, but also in other human body fluids. Therefore, with the caisson disease, the dorsal and brain, joints and the lymphatic system suffer.

Gas bubbles, which appeared during a sharp pressure drop, will be combined and overlap vessels, as well as destroy cells, or pin them. The result of such a violation becomes thrombus, which can either break the vessel, or cause the fission of its tissues. With blood current, gases travel throughout the body and can cause a violation in the work of almost any organ.

So, the reasons that are capable of leading to the caisson disease:

Too fast lift to the surface from depth.

Immersion in cold water.

Strong fatigue, or staying in a state of stress.

Excess body weight.

Age of man.

Air travel after immersion to depth.

To the development of pathology during immersion in the caisson chamber, will lead the following reasons:

Too long stay of a person under water.

Immersion at a depth of more than 40 meters. In such conditions, pressure rises on 4 atmospheres and more.

How to detect and treat caisson disease?

In order for the doctor to have the opportunity to set a correct diagnosis, he needs to report symptoms in the most detailed as possible. The doctor will appoint a patient MRI or CT of the head and spinal cord, which will allow you to establish characteristic violations in them. Dysbyrich osteonosis is also a sign of a caisson disease, which can be found through the conduct of tomography.

In 80% of cases, the disease can be fully cured. However, for this therapy should be appointed as early as possible.

For recompression use special equipment, which submits to the bloodstream of victim oxygen in large quantities. This allows you to bring extra nitrogen bubbles from the blood. Oxygen enters the human body under high pressure. If it is not possible to conduct therapy immediately after lifting from depth, then the patient needs to be delivered as quickly as possible to the medical institution.

Subsequent therapy will be aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the caisson disease. Patients prescribe painkillers, inflammation tools and to strengthen immunity.

In order for a person, the caisson disease does not develop, it is necessary to correctly calculate the decompression mode, slowly climb from depth. This allows the body to adapt and not react sharply on pressure drops. Modern cameras are equipped with computer technologies that minimize the risks of the development of the caisson disease. However, the computer is not able to estimate the individual characteristics of the body of each person. In addition, it happens that people themselves simply ignore all the rules of safe immersion and lifting on the surface.

It is worthwhile to take into account that the caisson disease can develop not only in the divers, which are immersed very deeply. In an easy degree, pathology can occur even from divers. Therefore, it is so important to know the symptoms of the disease and avoid the reasons leading to its occurrence.

Video: What is a caisson disease?

Education: In 2013, the Kursk State Medical University was completed and a diploma degree was received. Two years later, the ordinite was completed in the specialty "Oncology". In 2016, graduate school was passed in the National Medical and Surgery Center named after N. I. Pirogov.

Caisson disease is a disease that occurs when a rapid transition from an increased pressure on a low pressure medium. Kesson is a waterproof camera used for underwater work at great depth. Today, the diving is becoming increasingly popular entertainment, so it is not surprising that there are more often cases of caisson disease.

Symptoms

Pressure in the ears, dizziness.
Sustainacles.
Sweeping on the skin, itching.
Fatigue, shortness of breath.
Weakness and (or) lack of sensitivity in the limbs,
Bleeding made of ears and nose.
Drowsiness to loss of consciousness.
Paralia.

The symptoms of the caisson disease are different - from pain in the joints in the first 24 hours after lifting to the loss of consciousness immediately after lifting. What ailment will be shown, depends on the depth of immersion and from the raising speed.

Causes of occurrence

To understand the mechanism of the occurrence of the caisson disease, it is necessary to find out what is happening. For example, when a person's immersion on a 10-meter depth, water pressure (in one atmosphere) is twice as high than the pressure on the surface of the water. At a 20-meter depth, the pressure increases to 2 atmospheres (such a pressure approximately corresponds to the air pressure in the tires of the passenger car).

For example, the volume of the ball on the surface of the earth without overpressure is 2 liters, and at a 20-meter depth, the volume of such a ball will be four times less. Thus, 2 liters are "compressed" to 1/2 liters. This is happening with air, which breathes divers when immersing depth. At a 20-meter depth through its lungs in the blood with each breath falls four times more air than on the surface of the water. Gases contained in the air, which breathes divers, such as oxygen and nitrogen, dissolve in the blood. With a rapid rise of the diver from a 20-meter depth to the surface, the gases are redundantly dissolved in the blood, they do not have time to be removed through the lungs, which is due to the transition of blood gases and tissues from the dissolved state into gaseous to form bubbles (just like the open bottle of champagne). Bubbles in the blood (mainly nitrogen) are dangerous for the human body. A small amount of them disrupts blood circulation in organs, if there are too many bubbles, the blood circulation is stopped. If a person fails to be placed in a timely manner, a fatal outcome is possible. Caisson disease can manifest itself from pilots as a result of depressurization of the cab.

Treatment

The only means of treatment is the timely premises of the patient in the barocamera. After the pressure is restored, which was experiencing diver at great depth, the danger disappears. Then the pressure is gradually decreasing.

Amateur divers in no way should be immersed on a greater depth without experienced instructors.

Symptoms of the disease can manifest after a long time after lifting. Therefore, there are enough cases of originally erroneous diagnosis. Deciding to strengthen with a mask and an oxygen cylinder, first of all, it is necessary to know where the nearest barochemer is located if urgent help is required.

The doctor will try as quickly as possible to deliver the patient to the nearest hospital in which there is a barochemer.

Too fast lift to the surface with air delay is the cause of lung emphysema. In addition, a sense of strong pressure in the ears appears, bleeding from the nose and ears, dizziness begins. In the extreme case, paralysis, lung embolism appear, the tissue of the lungs occurs.

When diving with an oxygen cylinder, the lung emphysema may occur at a small depth. Need a briefing on the use of equipment for scuba diving.

Caisson disease - a pathological condition, which progresses due to the transition of a person from the region with increased atmospheric pressure in the area with normal indicators. The disorder was called from the process of the transition of high pressure to normal. Often, such a disorder is subject to divers and mines, which for a long time are at depth.

The disease develops as a result of a sharp reduction in the pressure of substances such as nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. Dissolving in the blood, they form small bubbles that may interfere with normal blood circulation, which will attract the destruction of blood vessels and cells. In case of severe course, such a disease can lead to death.

Clinical manifestations of illness directly depend on the severity of its flow. On the initial stages Caisson Diseases There are symptoms such as muscle and articular pain, skin rashes, rapidly heartbeat and breathing. With a moderate course, nausea can be expressed, an increase in the size of the abdomen, a decrease in visual acuity. As the disorder progressing, cramps, the defeat of the cardiovascular system begin to appear.

The diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical manifestations, careful inspection of the victim and collecting detailed information about immersions on the depth or stays at high altitude. Treatment is aimed at reducing the amount of nitrogen in the body and the elimination of signs of illness.

Etiology

The main factor in the progression of the caisson disease is too sharp change in pressure. As a result, the medium in the bloodstream is formed bubbles from gas, which can be grouped, and cause the blockade of vessels, the destruction of tissues, or, on the contrary, their excessive squeezing. As a result, thrombus are formed that tear the vessels and lead to their die. Bubbles with blood flow can fall into any organs of the human body and lead to a violation of their normal functioning.

The predisposing factors for the occurrence of this disease are:

sharp rise to the surface;
immersion in too cold water;
the impact of stressful situations and fatigue;
overly high body weight;
the age category of immersed under water. It is believed that the older man, the higher the probability of the occurrence of this disorder;
flight a few hours after immersion under water;
eating alcoholic beverages before or after immersion.

The risk group is not only divers, divers or mines working at a depth, but also pilots that experience significant pressure drops during high height flights.

Varieties

Depending on the intensity of the manifestation of symptoms, there are several stages of the flow of caisson disease:

easy - manifests itself with insignificant pain in the joints, muscles;
middle severity - signs are dizziness, nausea, temporary loss of vision;
heavy - convulsions (in the pathogenic process involved in the spinal cord), systemic violation of speech;
lethal - symptoms develop against the background of acute or violation of the blood circulation of the brain.

In addition, two types of disease are distinguished:

the first - lymph nodes, skin, muscles, joints are involved in the process;
the second is the defeat of the head and spinal cord, respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Symptoms

As the caisson disease progressing is progressing, a deterioration in the overall state of the patient and the manifestation of more serious symptoms is observed. Light form is expressed:

the occurrence of skin rash and itching;
total weakness of the body;
soreness in muscles and joints;
reduced visual acuity;
the development of oxygen deficiency begins.

With the flow of medium severity, such symptoms are expressed as:

digestion disorder;
temporary loss of vision;
attacks of severe dizziness;
nausea, often accompanied by vomiting;
increased sweating;
increasing the volume of abdomen;
student breathing and heartbeat.

Symptoms appear on more heavy stages of illness:

paralysis and paresa;
convulsions;
pain in the chest area;
suffocation;
violation of speech.

With death, the presence of multiple blood circulation blockade is noted, which can cause death.

Complications

The consequences of the caisson disease are individual for each person and manifest themselves depending on the shape and severity of the ailment, as well as the timeliness of the treatment. Possible complications can be:

cardiac and respiratory failure;
- violation of the articular cartilage;
multiple lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
inflammation of the optic nerve.

Female outcome occurs when heavy flow Diseases, as well as due to failure to provide medical care.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of caisson disease for a qualified specialist will not be much difficulty, since pathology develops for several hours after the rise from depth or landing. To correctly establish a diagnosis, the doctor must be provided full information On the first time and intensity of the manifestation of symptoms. In addition, a complete examination of the patient, the measurement of the pulse and blood pressure is carried out.

Foundation diagnostic events Make up hardware examinations, such as:

radiography - allows you to detect changes in the structure of bones, joints and spinal cord;
CT and MRI - make it possible to detect gas bubbles and spinal changes.

Blood tests with a given disease do not have diagnostic value. After receiving all the results, the examinations of the doctor determines which method of treating this disease is the most effective.

Treatment

After confirmation of the disease, you need to start therapy as quickly as possible. Any delay can lead to development. hazardous consequences or death. In the initial stages, the disorder is eliminated by inhalation of oxygen through the mask. With more severe course, treatment is necessary in the barocamera. In this device, first gradually increases, and then the pressure is reduced. Such an action makes gas bubbles in the blood to dissolve.

Medical therapy is aimed at reducing pain, stimulation of the cardiovascular system. It is also used as prevention and to eliminate complications. For this purpose, painful, substances that strengthen immunity, anti-inflammatory medicines are prescribed. Methods of physiotherapy can be used, in particular water or surrounding baths. With timely treatment, in almost all cases, it is possible to completely eliminate the caisson disease.

Prevention

You can prevent this disease through:

reduction of dive dive to depth;
restrictions on flights and dives during pregnancy, after drinking alcohol, in the presence of heart problems;
avoiding re-deepening for twelve hours, flights - during the day.

In addition, it is important to always use professional equipment and special costumes, oxygen cylinders. If the first symptoms occur, urgently consult a doctor.

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Diseases with similar symptoms:

The disease that is inherent in the formation of light insufficiency, presented in the form of a mass yield of transudate from capillaries to a light cavity and as a result, the contributing of the infiltration of the alveoli, is called the edema of the lungs. Speaking with simple words, the eighty edema is a position when the liquid leaving in the lungs blood vessels. The disease is characterized as an independent symptom and can be formed on the basis of other serious ailments of the body.