Amoxiclav is an antibiotic that contains amoxicillin, which has antibacterial properties, and clavulanic acid. Thanks to the enzymes that make up amoxicillin, the cell membrane of the bacterium loses its integrity, as a result of which the latter is destroyed and dies.

However, most types of bacteria have learned to develop special substances to block the action of antibiotics. These components are called beta-lactomases (a group of enzymes that fight antibiotics). Because of this type of substance, amoxicillin has become harmless to many types of bacteria.

That is why clavulanic acid was included in the preparation, intended to combat beta-lactamases. In conjunction with amoxicillin, antibiotic molecules become less susceptible to beta-lactamases. Thus, the compound of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid has more wide range bacterial activity than just amoxicillin. The bacteria that the antibiotic Amoxiclav can affect include:

• gram-positive bacteria. This type of bacteria has an easily permeable shell for antibiotics, forms spores (a single-celled formation that serves for asexual reproduction), exotoxins (poisons that are formed by living pathogenic bacteria), has a blue color;
• gram-negative bacteria. They have a thicker cell wall membrane, due to which the effect of antibiotics on this flora is significantly complicated. This type of bacteria does not form spores and is red in color.

Pharmacological properties

The pharmacokinetic properties of Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar. Both components are well accepted by the body. It should be noted that food intake does not affect absorption. The most high degree plasma concentration occurs one hour after taking the drug... Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are well distributed in body fluids and tissues, such as:

• peritoneal fluid;
• pleural fluid;
• lungs;
• middle ear;
• ovaries;
• uterus;
• liver;
• muscle tissue;
• secret of the paranasal sinuses;
• bronchial secretion;
• prostate;
• palatine tonsils;
• gallbladder.

Clavulanic acid is well absorbed by the body, and Amoxicillin has only partial absorption. The drug is excreted from the body almost unchanged within 1-2 hours. If the patient suffers from severe renal failure, the withdrawal period of the drug can increase up to 7 hours.

How to take Amoxiclav for adults

The antibiotic Amoxiclav is prescribed for adults to treat many infectious diseases, among which:

• sinusitis (can be acute or chronic) - a disease associated with inflammation respiratory tract;
• retropharyngeal abscess - purulent inflammation in the pharyngeal space of tissue;
• tonsilopharyngitis - acute infection pharynx and palatine tonsils;
• bronchitis;
• inflammation of the middle ear;
• pneumonia;
• gynecological infections;
• endometritis;
• inflammation of the gallbladders;
• infection of the skin or soft tissues;
• various genital infections;
• odontogenic infections (inflammatory diseases oral cavity).

Amoxiclav can be used in surgery to prevent postoperative infections.

Contraindications and side effects

The list of contraindications for Amoxiclav is small, it includes:

• infectious mononucleosis;
• disorders of the liver and kidneys;
• lymphocytic leukemia - a malignant lesion in the lymphatic tissue;
• allergy to penicillin is one of the main contraindications. In such cases, Amoxiclav should be replaced with antibiotics of other groups. The medication is capable of causing a pronounced allergic reaction, which manifests itself in the form of various rashes, severe itching, urticaria, skin edema, anaphylactic shock.

If any allergic reactions for antibiotics, the use of Amoxiclav is contraindicated.

Before using the drug, a specialist consultation is required.

Side effects

When using Amoxiclav, the following side effects may occur:

• problems with digestive system: loss of appetite, vomiting, inflammation of the tongue, flatulence, inflammation of the mucous membranes, possibly discoloration of the tongue;
• fever;
• allergic reactions: rash, skin edema, erythema (severe redness of the skin), dermatitis;
• change in circulatory system: decrease in the number of eosinophils and agranucytes (a group of leukocytes);
• kidney inflammation. In some cases, the presence of blood in the urine;
• infectious diseases with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes;
• feeling of anxiety, lack of sleep, clouding of consciousness, pain in the head, hyperkinesis (appearance of tics, uncontrolled movements).

There is sporadic evidence of hepatitis and liver dysfunction.

Amoxiclav release form

Amoxiclav can be produced in the form:

• film-coated tablets. Amoxiclav tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water or dissolved in water. The duration of the course of treatment for Amoxiclav Solutab is determined by the severity of the disease, on average it lasts from 13 to 14 days;
• powder for suspension preparation. The exact dose of the suspension for adults must be calculated taking into account body weight. During the preparation of the suspension, the bottle must be shaken well in order to detach the powder particles from the walls of the vessel. The composition should be taken several times a day, the duration of the course of treatment should be determined by the attending physician. You need to follow the instructions for using the medicine exactly;
• lyophilized powder for injection. Preparation for intravenous use contains about 5 mg of clavulanic acid and 35 mg of amoxicillin. To prepare Amoxiclav solution for intravenous administration, it is necessary to dissolve the contents of the vial in saline. The introduction of the medication intravenously should be slow - about 3-4 minutes. The use of the drug, as a rule, should occur with an interval of 8 hours with an average severity of the disease and 6 hours later in severe cases of the course of the disease. The introduction of the drug should be carried out no later than 15 minutes after the preparation of the solution. It is prohibited to freeze Amoxiclav solution and mix it with other drugs.

Annotation when used during pregnancy and lactation

Animal studies have not confirmed the possibility of drug harm during pregnancy. However, in cases with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes, the use of Amoxiclav can cause the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (an inflammatory disease caused by infectious agents against the background of damage to the intestinal mucosa) in newborns.

When taking the drug, you should think about stopping breastfeeding.

It is not recommended to use the drug during lactation and pregnancy.... It is recommended to take Amoxiclav only in cases where the benefits of taking the drug to the mother outweigh the potential risk to the fetus. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are able to penetrate into breast milk in small quantities - the baby may develop sensitization (the body acquires hypersensitivity to foreign substances), diarrhea, damage to the oral mucosa.

For diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs

Amoxiclav is enough effective remedy to fight ENT diseases varying degrees gravity. In case of a severe course of the disease, the drug is primarily administered intravenously, and only later, after stabilization of the patient's condition, it is transferred to the tablet form of the drug.

Amoxiclav is also able to provide significant assistance in the fight against complications of lower respiratory tract infections. The drug promotes coughing and relieves inflammation in the bronchi. In case of an inflammatory process in the lungs, the dosage of the drug is determined in each case individually. Appointment this drug should only be done by an infectious disease doctor or therapist.

If symptoms of pneumonia occur, the patient should be hospitalized and rescue measures should be taken using the drug intramuscularly or intravenously. The dosage for adults and children depends on the severity of the disease, as well as the general condition of the patient - his kidneys and liver - since the drug is withdrawn through them.

In severe pneumonia, the drug must be administered intravenously. In the earlier stages, you can get by with the tablet option. With a small dosage, the drug may be ineffective, since even in a short period of time, bacteria are able to develop immunity. Excessive dosage of the drug may cause side effects... Therefore, the dosage recommended by the doctor must be strictly observed. In case of kidney disease, the dosage must be reduced.

Amoxiclav must be taken at a strictly allotted time.

Treatment of angina with Amoxiclav

Amoxilav is effective against streptococci. These microbes are the main causative agents of angina. This drug also has a significant effect on hemophilic and Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus. With angina, Amoxiclav penetrates into the tissues of the tonsils and nearby organs, where it acts bactericidal, destroying microbial cells.

Treatment of sinusitis with Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav is distinguished by its ability to accumulate well in all biological fluids, including inflamed sinusitis. Due to its wide spectrum of action of antibacterial components, Amoxiclav is very effective for sinusitis. various shapes leakage. During the studies, it was found that after using this drug for 5-6 days, the contents of the maxillary sinus punctate became sterile (did not contain active microflora).

In severe forms of the course of the disease, the drug must be taken in the interval from 7 to 14 days. Prescribing a medicine, take into account:

• age;
• body weight;
• the state of the excretory system;
• the presence of chronic diseases.

The daily dose of pills is usually divided into 3 doses.

The effectiveness of the remedy is not related to food intake. You can take tablets before and after meals.

Chronic sinusitis during an exacerbation should be treated with the same doses as in a severe form of the disease. On hit foreign bodies in the maxillary sinus, treatment is carried out comprehensively in the hospital departments. This drug has good tolerance, high efficiency, a relatively small number of contraindications, which is why it is characterized by a significant number of advantages in the treatment of this disease, in comparison with other drugs.

Otitis media treatment with Amoxiclav

For otitis media in adults, antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. Drugs are selected based on the type of pathogen and the characteristics of the course inflammatory process... Amoxiclav, as a rule, is prescribed when the patient's condition is moderate. The dosage is determined by the degree of development of the pathological process. Therapy lasts on average about 2 weeks.

In more severe cases of ear inflammation, the dosage may be adjusted. For the treatment of especially severe cases of otitis media, intravenous injections are possible. In this case, the introduction of the drug should be carried out slowly (within 3-4 minutes). Evaluation of the patient's treatment takes place on day 3-4 in the presence of visible improvements, the method of using the drug may vary.

Since otitis media can develop dangerous complications, which are most often provoked by untimely and incorrect therapy, an ENT doctor must be consulted before use.

special instructions

Mostly allergic reactions occur in patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins. In this regard, before starting the course of therapy, it is necessary to exclude the presence of hypersensitivity to penicillins or other allergens.

If you find allergic reactions to taking Amoxiclav, it is necessary to replace the course of treatment with therapy using an alternative drug.

If the infection is caused by microorganisms susceptible to amoxicillin, it is necessary to consider the possibility of switching from a combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid to simple amoxicillin. In the event of severe anaphylactic reactions, it is necessary to resort to immediate treatment with epinephrine.

With prolonged use of the drug, excessive growth of microflora that is insensitive to Amoxiclav may occur.

In patients with impaired renal or liver function, seizures may occur at high dosages of the drug. Amaxiklav must be taken with caution in patients with liver and kidney dysfunction. Adverse reactions from the liver and kidneys most often occur in men and elderly patients.

Symptoms of the disease may appear during therapy or immediately after treatment, however, there have been cases of later manifestations about 1-2 weeks after the end of treatment. As a rule, these phenomena are reversible; in very rare cases, fatal outcomes are possible. This was observed in patients with severe underlying diseases or in those who were simultaneously undergoing a course of therapy using drugs that negatively affect the kidneys and liver.

The use of Amoxiclav can cause the development of pseudomembranous colitis (acute inflammation of the large intestine) of varying degrees. If you have severe persistent diarrhea after taking an antibiotic, you need to make sure that it is not associated with the above pathology.

With long-term treatment, it is necessary to regularly undergo kidney and liver examinations. For patients with any impairment in the functioning of the kidneys and liver, it is necessary to adjust the dosage of the drug in accordance with the degree of impairment. In rare cases, patients with a reduced amount of urine excreted may experience crystallurgy (excess salts in the body that, for whatever reason, are not naturally excreted from the body). Most often this can happen with parenteral (bypassing intestinal tract) the method of administration of the drug. For this reason, when using the drug in large doses, you need to constantly monitor that the body receives a sufficient amount of fluid for the appropriate excretion of urine.

When treating with Amoxiclav, many methods for determining blood glucose levels can give false results. It is recommended to use enzymatic reactions with glucose oxidase (reagent for the determination of glucose in the blood).

Amoxiclav compatibility

In cases of simultaneous use of Amoxiclav with antacids, aminoglycosides, various laxatives, it is possible to slow down the absorption of the substance into the body. When taking ascorbic acid, an acceleration of assimilation is not excluded.

Since clavulanic acid is excreted through the urine, the simultaneous use of drugs that block tubular secretion (transport of substances from the blood to urine) is not recommended. Among these drugs: Allopurinol, Diuretic, Phenylbutazone, NSAIDs (drugs aimed at symptomatic treatment, relieving inflammation and pain relief, lowering the temperature) and other drugs with similar properties.

When undergoing treatment with Methotrexate, the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav can increase the toxicity of the funds. The combination of Amoxiclav with Allopurinol increases the incidence of exanthema (viral skin inflammation).

In cases of taking the drug together with anticoagulants (drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots), an extension of the prothrombotic time (a time indicator of blood clotting) may occur. When taking Amoxiclav with Rimfapicin, a mutual weakening of the antibacterial action may be noted.

Amoxiclav, like all antibiotics, reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Amoxiclav is combined remedycontaining the antibiotic amoxicillin from the penicillin group and clavulanic acid. The antibiotic Amoxiclav has a wide spectrum of activity, acts against the microorganisms specified in the instructions for use of amoxicillin.

Amoxiclav is available in dosage forms:

• tablets;
• powder for suspension;
• lyophilisate for injection.

Amoxiclav tablets have an oval shape, biconvex, covered with a white shell, yellowish at a break. They are released in a dosage (mg):

• amoxicillin - 250, 500, 850;
• clavulanic acid - 125.

Talc, silicon dioxide, cellulose, Mg stearate, crospovidone are used as disintegrants. The shell contains povidone, titanium dioxide, triethyl hydrate, talc.

The suspension powder is made with a concentration:

• amoxicillin, taken in the amount of 125 mg, clavulans. to-that 31.25 mg / in 5 ml;
• 250 and 62.5 / 5 ml;
• 400 and 57/5 ml;
• a dosing pipette and a spoon are included in the package.

Powder for injection is packaged in vials containing:

• 1000 mg amoxicillin + 200 mg clavulans. to-you;
• 500 mg and 100 mg.

How does Amoxiclav work

Amoxiclav is an antibiotic with bactericidal action. Its effectiveness is determined by the properties of the components:

• amoxicillin;
• clavulanic to-you.

Amoxicillin belongs to the group of semi-synthetic beta-lactam penicillins, the properties of which are described on the page.

In the stomach, amoxicillin is destroyed by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria. To protect amoxicillin from the action of bacterial enzymes, clavulanate is added to the drug.

Clavulanic acid is a compound that blocks the destructive action of bacterial enzymes. Clavulanate, like the antibiotics of the penicillin group, destroys the bacterial wall of microorganisms, but, in comparison with penicillins, the effectiveness of this action is negligible.

There is practically no activity in the acid against the group of enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some activity is observed for gonococci, legionella.

Low activity of Amoxiclav is noted in relation to a group of atypical pathogens - mycoplasma, chlamydia, there is no activity in some cases against Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Pharmacokinetics

The maximum concentration is noted after 1 hour. There is no dependence on food.

The components of the drug are found in high concentrations in the lung tissue, peritoneum, pleural fluid, middle ear, and paranasal sinuses.

Poorly penetrate the prostate, are unable to overcome the blood-brain barrier, to penetrate cerebrospinal fluid... However, the compounds are able to penetrate the placenta and are found, albeit in small amounts, in breast milk during lactation treatment.

The drug is excreted by the kidneys, the half-life is 1.5 hours.

Spectrum of action

Antibiotic Amoxiclav detects bactericidal property, inhibiting the synthesis of the walls of bacteria of the following groups:

• gram-positive bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, pneumococcus;
• gram-negative - enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella group;
• groups of anaerobes - including fusobacteria, as well as bacteroids Fragilis, which are common reason intra-abdominal infections.

Indications of Amoxiclav

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of:

• community-acquired and hospital pneumonia, pleurisy, bronchitis;
• tracheitis, laryngitis;
• sore throats, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis;
• otitis media;
• sinusitis;
• odontogenic infections;
• abdominal infections;
• skin diseases;
• bacterial diseases of bones and joints;
• genitourinary system;
• biliary tract;
• sepsis;
• sexually transmitted diseases;
• postoperative treatment, preoperative prevention;
• with non-poisonous bites and poisonous insects and animals.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of Amoxiclav are diseases:

• allergic nature - bronchial asthma, atomic dermatitis, allergy to penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems;
• infectious mononucleosis;
• liver failure;
• pathology of renal function;
• lymphocytic leukemia;
• weight up to 40 kg.

Amoxiclav is carefully prescribed for treatment during pregnancy. In the 1st trimester, drugs of this group are not used, strictly according to indications they are prescribed in the 2nd, 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

Although Amoxiclav has no teratogenic effect, its use during pregnancy increases the risk of necrotizing inflammation of the colon in newborns.

There are no direct contraindications for use during lactation. But during treatment with Amoxiclav and drugs from the group of its analogues, the development of oral candidiasis and diarrhea is possible in infants.

Contraindications for the use of Amoxiclav are childhood, according to the instructions:

• for treatment with suspension - no contraindications, used from birth;
• when using tablets - 12 years, this is due to the fact that there is no way to accurately divide the tablet so as not to violate the instructions;
• when treating with Amoxiclav injections - there are no age restrictions, the dosage is calculated by weight.

Amoxiclav is used with caution, with correction of the dosage indicated in the instructions, with pathologies of the digestive tract, pseudomembranous colitis.

How to use Amoxiclav, instruction

The medicine in tablets is used for adults, adolescents weighing more than 40 kg. The course of therapy is from 5 days to 2 weeks.

In milder forms of the disease and odontogenic infections, it is prescribed, according to the instructions, for 5 days. It is better to take Amoxiclav with food at the beginning, although drugs in this group do not depend on food intake.

The use of drugs in tablets

The dosage of the antibiotic Amoxiclav is calculated based on the danger of the disease:

• with mild form:
  • one tablet. (250 and 125) Amoxiclav with an interval of 8 hours;
  • tablet (500 and 125) after 12 hours;
• with a complicated course of the disease:
  • with an interval of 8 hours. tablets. (500 + 125);
  • tablet. (875 and 125) after 12 hours;
• with odontogenic infection - caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, sinusitis:
  • one table Amoxiclav (250 and 125) after 8 hours;
  • tablet (500 and 125) after 12 hours.

In case of renal pathologies, the dosage of the antibiotic is revised towards decreasing or increasing the intervals between doses of the medicine.

Following the instructions, adults with renal failure are initially prescribed a pill (500 and 125) Amoxiclav after 12 hours. Then the treatment regimen is adjusted by the attending physician.

How to take the suspension, instructions

The suspension is used for treatment from birth to adolescence of 12 years. The dose is more dependent on weight, and there is no direct relationship with age.

Instructions for babies up to 3 months

For children from birth to 3 months, the antibiotic, as indicated in the instructions, is prescribed in a daily dosage of 30 mg / kg of body weight. The medication is divided into 2 approaches.

The medicinal solution is measured with a measuring pipette:

• for a suspension with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 125 and 31.25 mg / 5 ml;
  • weight 2 kg - 1.2 ml;
  • 4 – 2,4;
  • 4,8 – 2,9;
• for a suspension with a component content of 250 mg and 62.5 mg / 5 ml;
  • weight 2 kg - 0.6;
  • 3,6 – 1,1;
  • 4,8 – 1,4.

Application of Amoxiclav in suspension at 3 months. and more, instruction

Daily use of Amoxiclav for children after 3 months. calculated based on dosage:

• 20 mg per kilogram of mass with a mild course;
• 40 mg per kg for complicated disease.

The daily dosage is divided into 3 times with an interval of 8 hours.

With a mild course of the disease from 3 months of age, a single dosage is prescribed:

• for a suspension containing amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 125 and 31.25 mg / 5 mg;
  • child's weight 5 kg - 1.3;
  • 7 kg - 1.9;
  • 17 kg - 4.5;
  • 25 – 6,7;
  • 35 – 9,3;
  • 39 - 10.4 ml;
• for a suspension with a component content of 250 and 62.5 mg / ml;
  • weight 5 kg - 0.7;
  • 15 — 2;
  • 17 - 2.3 ml;
  • 35 – 4,7;
  • 39 - 5.2 ml.

A suspension with amoxicillin 400, clavulanic acid 57 mg / 5 mg solution is used, following the instructions, for the treatment of children after 3 months.

Depending on the severity of the disease and the age of the child, two rubles / day are prescribed for the use of Amoxiclav in suspension:

• from 3 months up to a year - 1.25 ml for moderate severity, 2.5 ml for severe conditions;
• from 1 to 2 years - 2.5 ml, and in grave condition 3.75 ml;
• 2 - 4 g. - take 3, 75, with complications 5;
• 4 years - 6 years - 5 or with complications 7.5;
• 6 l. - 12 p. - 6.5 or if worsening 10 ml.

When preparing the suspension, use boiled watershake well before use.

Amoxiclav for injection

The dosage for intravenous administration is calculated:

• children weighing less than 4 kg - 30 mg / kg after 12 hours;
• weighing more than 4 kg - 30 mg / kg after 8 hours, with complicated infections, the interval is reduced to 6 hours.

Adults and adolescents over 40 kg

Amoxiclav 1000 + 200 is prescribed as indicated in the instructions:

• 1.2 g after 8 hours in conditions of moderate severity;
• 1.2 g after 6 hours for severe pathologies.

Side effects

The use of Amoxiclav causes mainly the same side effects as the antibiotic amoxicillin present in the composition of the drug, which is described in the article.

A side effect caused by the presence of clavulanic acid can be manifested by nausea, vomiting, fever, increased activity of a group of hepatic transaminases.

Most often, when taking the antibiotic Amoxiclav, there are no side effects or they occur rarely, which means that there is no need to cancel the drug or adjust the dosage.

Drug interactions

It is forbidden to take Amoxiclav with medicines at the same time:

• antibiotics;
  • macrolide groups - erythromycin, azithromycin;
  • tetracyclines;
  • sulfonamide groups;
  • rifampicin;
• anticoagulants (Warfarin) - the prothrombin time increases with simultaneous administration, that is, the risk of thrombus formation is increased;
• alcohol - the load on the liver increases, since the antibiotic is metabolized in the liver;
• diuretics, NSAIDs - the level of amoxicillin in the blood increases;
• allopurinol - allergic skin reactions are noted;
• methotrexate - the toxicity of methotrexate increases;
• oral contraceptives - the effectiveness of contraception decreases.

Application features

Amoxiclav can cause dizziness and convulsions. Driving while on antibiotic treatment is not recommended.

Amoxiclav is dispensed strictly by prescription. Stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 C, where children cannot access.

There are no data on deaths from an overdose or the appearance of severe effects when using an antibiotic.

Analogs

The analogs of the antibiotic Amoxiclav include a group of drugs: Amoxiclav Kviktab, Augmentin, Femoklav Solutab, Panklav, Arlet.

At the beginning of the last century, the discovery of the first antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs was considered almost a panacea for all ailments, and some scientists publicly announced the onset of an era without diseases in the near future. But over time, healthcare providers began to notice a decrease in efficiency. antibacterial drugs against a number of infectious agents.

As a result of numerous laboratory studies and experiments, it turned out that pathogens have the ability, at the genetic level, to form resistance to the action of drugs. To date, some statistical data indicate that the rate of acquisition of resistance of microorganisms exceeds the dynamics of discovery and synthesis of new, previously unused drugs.

The way out of this situation was the creation of universal drugs by combining antibacterial drugs with special substances - sulbactam, tazobactam and clavuanic acid. This path has opened up new horizons in the problem of overcoming antibiotic resistance.

General principle of work on the example of a specific drug

A typical representative of the combined (protected) funds is an antibiotic called Amoxiclav, which includes the aforementioned Clavuanic acid and Amoxicillin, a penicillin drug with a wide range of effects. This structure allows the drug to successfully fight pathogens of various ailments, including pathogenic bacteria resistant to a semi-synthetic antibiotic. The scheme of action of Amoxiclav on pathogens can be briefly described as follows:

• When it enters the body, Amoxicillin begins to actively suppress the synthesis of cell walls of infectious agents (this principle of action is called bactericidal).
• The effectiveness of the drug is due to the presence of a β-lactam ring in its structure.
• Microorganisms produce the beta-lactamase enzyme, under the influence of which the molecules (and therefore the drug of the penicillin group itself) are gradually destroyed, and the therapeutic effect is nullified.
• The inhibitor protects the active substance from decay by binding to β-lactamases and blocking their activity.
• The result of such joint activity is the arrest of the development of the disease and the patient's recovery.

Assimilation and excretion of the drug

Amoxiclav differs from most drugs in its ability to be absorbed in human body regardless of the time of the meal (i.e., the medicine can be drunk both before meals and after); at the same time, its highest concentration in liquid tissues is noted 60 minutes after consumption.

Antibiotic intake during internal organs carried out evenly. The drug accumulates in the lungs, in the uterus and its appendages, in the maxillary sinuses (specifically, in their secret).

It should be noted that during the treatment of lactating women with Amoxiclav, only a small percentage of the presence of active substances of the drug in breast milk is noted, therefore, some experts recommend not to interrupt the process of feeding the child during the period of mother's therapy.

But through the physiological barrier between the central nervous system and the blood system, the drug penetrates quite easily, which makes it possible to use it as a method of combating meningitis.

Most of the drug is excreted by the kidneys after 2-3 hours; a small percentage is excreted through the intestines. The half-life of both the inhibitor and Amoxicillin is an average of 75 minutes.

Release form

The pharmaceutical industry produces Amoxiclav in tablet form, as well as in powders for the preparation of injections (intravenous and intramuscular) and suspensions. The most popular medical product is tablets, the line of which is represented by several types with different amounts of inhibitor and antibiotic in the preparation. The main characteristics of the forms of the medication are presented in the table below.

It should be remembered that it is prohibited to use any form of the drug without first consulting a doctor.

Side effects, contraindications

According to the instructions for use, the use of Amoxiclav in therapy regimens must be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor in pregnant women, as well as in cases where the patient has:

• allergic manifestations to medicines of the cephalosporin and penicillin groups, as well as to representatives of a number of carbapenems;
• disorders in the work of the kidneys and liver;

It is forbidden to use the drug to treat:

The main manifestations of the side effects of the drug on the body are:

1. Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, expressed in periodic bouts of nausea, as well as flatulence, vomiting and diarrhea.
2. Changes in blood hemogram data (including anemia and thrombocytopenia).
3. The development of allergic reactions on the skin.

According to the generalized data of the conducted studies, in isolated cases the use of Amoxiclav caused headaches, behavioral disorders, hepatitis, fever, candidiasis of the female genital organs, thrush of the oral mucosa, convulsions in patients. The above signs of the negative effects of the constituents of the drug disappeared after the drug was discontinued.

Rapid infusion of the drug (intravenous injection) may cause phlebitis.

In case of an overdose, symptomatic therapy is performed, hemodialysis is allowed.

It is strictly forbidden to consume ethanol during treatment with Amoxiclav, since alcohol, even in a minimal amount, can provoke extremely serious consequences. In addition, tetracyclines, macrolides and sulfonamides should not be taken in parallel with the described combination drug.

Application area

The unique combination of components of a highly effective drug allows it to successfully fight the following diseases:

• bronchitis and pneumonia of various origins;
• meningitis;
• intestinal infections (including salmonellosis and dysentery);
• endocarditis;
• osteomyelitis.

In addition to the above diseases, Amoxiclav is recommended to suppress the pathogenic conditions of the following body systems:

• genitourinary (cystitis, pyelonephritis);
• biliary (cholecystitis).

The medication prevents the development of inflammation after surgical procedures, helps to eliminate diseases localized in the genitals (prostatitis, salpingo-oophoritis), ENT organs (otitis media, tonsillitis), relieves infections of soft tissues and skin (abscesses, erysipelas).

This activity of the drug is explained by the wide range of its effects.

Anaerobes and aerobes (both gram-negative and gram-positive), including streptococci, listeria, salmonella, shigella, echinococcus and a number of other microorganisms, are sensitive to the influence of Amoxiclav.

A complete list of indications for use is contained in the annotation to the drug.

Dosing Amoxiclav: instruction

The annotation to the medication indicates that the calculation of the amount of the drug is made according to individual schemes, depending on the form of the disease, the weight and age of the patient, and the presence of chronic ailments.

Basic principles of dispensing tablets and powder for injection solutions are shown in the following table:

For preventive purposes, 1.2 grams of Amoxiclav are used once, one hour before the start of the surgical intervention, with the duration of the operation up to two hours.

In the treatment of serious diseases, two-stage therapy is allowed, that is, injections are replaced with tablet forms of the medication in case of an improvement in the general condition of the patient.

The average duration of the course of the drug is from 5 days to 2 weeks.

Suspension: preparation and use

The antibiotic Amoxiclav for young children is prescribed mainly in the form of suspensions, since not all babies are able to swallow tablet forms of medicines.

It is not difficult to prepare a suspension: it is necessary to add boiled and cooled to room temperature water, and then shake the container several times (until the drug is completely dissolved).

A teaspoon of syrup contains 250 mg of antibiotic. There is also a medication on sale with a reduced concentration of the active substance, in 5 milliliters of which there is 125 milligrams of Amoxiclav.

Store the finished solution in the refrigerator (no more than 14 days).

The scheme for calculating the amount of liquid:

The dosage of the suspension is determined by the doctor taking into account the weight and age of the small patient. For babies who have not passed three months from the moment of birth, the drug is prescribed in the amount of 30 mg / kg of the child's weight per day, in 2 doses with an interval of 12 hours; babies over 3 months. with complicated infection - up to 40 mg / kg with a frequency of 3 r / day.

The antibiotic in the form of special quick-dissolving pills is used in pediatrics and in the treatment of adult patients. The tablets have a pleasant fruity taste.

The disease of moderate severity is stopped by Amoxiclav 500, severe diseases require the use of an antibiotic containing 875 units active substance... The scheme for using different types of drugs is identical - 1 pill twice a day.

The course of therapy is no more than 14 days.

additional information

Analogues of the drug are Augumentin, Verklav, Toromentin, Medoklav and a number of other drugs. It must be remembered that the replacement of Amoxiclav with equivalents is carried out only after consulting a doctor. You should not self-medicate: like any other antibiotic, this medicine can not only worsen general state the patient, but also lead to the development of severe pathogenic conditions, the emergence of superinfection (the fight against which will drag on for a long period).

Only a clinic specialist can increase the course of taking Amoxiclav after additional studies of the condition of the patient's kidneys and liver and the study of the hemogram.

The antibiotic should be stored away from sunlight, subject to standard conditions: at a humidity level of 50 to 70% and temperatures up to 25 degrees above zero.

It is prohibited to use Amoxiclav after the expiration date.

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Amoxiclav - antibiotic penicillin group, it contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

This is a complex drug of a new generation with powerful antimicrobial activity against most pathogenic bacteria resistant to other drugs of the penicillin series. Due to this, Amoxiclav has a wide range of applications and is successfully used to treat a number of diseases.

On this page you will find all the information about Amoxiclav: full instructions on application to this drug, average prices in pharmacies, complete and incomplete analogues of the drug, as well as reviews of people who have already used Amoxiclav. Want to leave your opinion? Please write in the comments.

Clinical and pharmacological group

An antibiotic of the broad-spectrum penicillin group with a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

Dispensed by prescription.

Prices

How much does Amoxiclav cost? The average price in pharmacies depends on the form of release:

• Price Amoxiclava tablets 250 mg + 125 mg is an average of 230 rubles for 15 pcs. Buy antibiotic 500 mg + 125 mg is available at a price of 360 - 400 rubles for 15 pcs. How much do the pills cost 875 mg + 125 mgdepends on the place of sale. On average, their cost is 420 - 470 rubles for 14 pieces.
• Price Amoxiclav Kviktab 625 mg - from 420 rubles for 14 pcs.
• Suspension price Amoxiclav for children - 290 rubles (100 ml).
• Price Amoxiclav 1000 mg in Ukraine (Kiev, Kharkov, etc.) - from 200 hryvnia for 14 pieces.

Release form and composition

The drug is available as:

• Film-coated tablets
• Powder for making a suspension
• Freeze-dried powder for intravenous injection

Before using the drug in powder form, it is diluted in an infusion solution or water. Let us consider in more detail all the varieties of dosage forms.

Amoxiclav tablets contain different concentrations of active substances and are available in three versions:

1. Amoxiclav 375 (contain 250 mg of antibiotic + 125 mg of acid)
2. Amoxiclav 625 (500mg antibiotic + 125mg acid)
3. Amoxiclav 1000 (850mg antibiotic + 125mg acid)

In addition, the tablet forms include auxiliary components responsible for the formation of viscosity drug: magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, cellulose, talc, etc. Amoxiclav tablets with any composition of active ingredients are recommended to be dissolved in 100 ml of water before use. If there is no opportunity to dissolve the tablet, it must be chewed thoroughly and washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid.

Pharmacological effect

The combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is unique in its own way. Amoxicillin and other antibiotics of the penicillin group cause the death of bacterial cells by binding to their surface receptors. However, most bacteria during the use of the drug have learned to destroy this antibiotic using the enzyme beta-lactamase.

Clavulanic acid reduces the activity of this enzyme, due to which this drug has a very wide spectrum of action. It even kills bacteria strains that are resistant to amoxicillin. The drug has a pronounced bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on all types of streptococci (with the exception of methicillin-resistant strains), echinococci, listeria.

Sensitive to amoxiclav and gram-negative bacteria:

• bordetella;
• brucella;
• gardnerella;
• klebsiella;
• moraxella;
• salmonella;
• proteus;
• shigella;
• clostridium and others.

Regardless of the combination with food intake, the agent is well absorbed into the body, the maximum concentration of the drug is reached already in the first hour after administration.

Indications for use

Amoxiclav is prescribed for infections caused by sensitive strains of microorganisms, namely, for the following diseases:

1. Biliary tract infections (cholangitis).
2. Bone and connective tissue infections.
3. Skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo, phlegmon, abscess, secondarily infected dermatoses).
4. Osteomyelitis, and endocarditis.
5. Infections of ENT organs, lower and upper respiratory tract (, and in acute and chronic forms, retropharyngeal abscess, with superinfection); - infections urinary tract and pelvic organs.

The use of Amoxiclav is effective for the prevention of infections in surgery and the treatment of postoperative infections.

Contraindications

The range of contraindications to the use of Amoxiclav is not wide, it includes the following conditions:

• Severe violations of the functional activity of the liver and kidneys (failure of these organs).
• Some viral diseases - Infectious mononucleosis.
• The tumor process in the lymphocytic lineage of the red bone marrow is lymphocytic leukemia.
• Allergy to penicillins and their analogues is an absolute contraindication in which Amoxiclav is replaced by an antibiotic from another pharmacological group... Amoxicillin can cause a severe allergic reaction, which manifests itself as a rash on the skin, itching, hives (a rash against the background of skin edema, resembling a nettle burn), Quincke's edema (angioedema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue), anaphylactic shock (a severe allergic reaction in which a progressive decrease in systemic blood pressure with the development of multiple organ failure).

In case of any allergic reactions to antibiotics of the penicillin series (amoxicillin also belongs to them), Amoxiclav is also not used.

Application during pregnancy and lactation

Amoxiclav at pregnancy can be used if the expected effect exceeds possible harm for the fetus. It is undesirable to use the drug Amoxiclav in early pregnancy.

The 2nd trimester and the 3rd trimester are more preferable, but during this period the dosage of Amoxiclav during pregnancy should be observed very accurately. Amoxiclav at breastfeeding do not appoint, since active ingredients funds pass into breast milk.

Instructions for use Amoxiclav

The instructions for use indicate that Amkosiklav tablets adults and children over 12 years old (or weighing\u003e 40 kg) at mild to moderate infection appoint 1 tab. (250 mg + 125 mg) every 8 hours or 1 tab. (500 mg + 125 mg) every 12 hours, in case severe infections and respiratory tract infections - 1 tab. (500 mg + 125 mg) every 8 hours or 1 tab. (875 mg + 125 mg) every 12 hours.

• The drug in the form of tablets is not prescribed children under 12 years of age (weighing<40 кг). The maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid (in the form of potassium salt) is for adults - 600 mg, for children - 10 mg / kg body weight. The maximum daily dose of amoxicillin is for adults - 6 g, for children - 45 mg / kg body weight. The course of treatment is 5-14 days. The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician. Treatment should not continue for more than 14 days without a second medical examination.

When odontogenic infections appoint 1 tab. (250 mg + 125 mg) every 8 hours or 1 tab. (500 mg + 125 mg) every 12 hours for 5 days.

With renal failure of moderate severity (CC 10-30 ml / min), 1 tab is prescribed. (500 mg + 125 mg) every 12 hours, with severe renal failure (CC<10 мл/мин) – по 1 таб. (500 мг+125 мг) каждые 24 ч. При анурии интервал между приемами доз следует увеличить до 48 ч и более.

Side effects

The use of Amoxiclav can lead to the development of side effects:

• Metabolic processes: fever;
• Digestive system: loss of appetite, diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, vomiting, inflammation of the tongue, mucous membranes of the mouth and stomach, nausea, indigestion, flatulence, enterocolitis, discoloration of the tongue;
• Hypersensitivity reactions to Amoxiclav: rash, erythema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Quincke's edema, urticaria, dermatitis, Lyell's syndrome;
• Hematopoietic system: an increase in the number of eosinophils and agranulocytes, a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes;
• Urinary system: kidney inflammation, blood in the urine;
• Infectious diseases: candidiasis of various organs;
• Hepatobiliary system: increased activity of ALT, ASAT, serum bilirubin level, the amount of alkaline phosphatase, hepatitis, bile stagnation;
• Central and peripheral nervous system: inappropriate behavior, anxiety, dizziness, insomnia, confusion, headaches, convulsions, hyperkinesis.

Overdose

When taken in high doses, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may occur (nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea). From the side of the central nervous system, there is a state of anxiety, nervous excitement, sleep disturbance, in rare cases - seizures.

When such symptoms appear, the patient is prescribed gastric lavage and the intake of activated carbon. In severe cases, hemodialysis is required.

special instructions

The use of Amoxiclav tablets should be carried out only as directed by a doctor. It is also advisable to read the instructions for the drug. Be sure to take into account the special instructions for taking this medicinal product:

• The drug should be used only with the development of a bacterial infection caused by bacteria sensitive to amoxicillin. Amoxiclav is ineffective against viruses. Optimal before starting antibiotic therapy is to conduct a bacteriological study with the isolation of the culture of the pathogen of the pathological process and determination of its sensitivity to Amoxiclav.
• Before you start taking it, you need to make sure that there have been no past allergic reactions to taking antibiotics of the penicillin group and its analogues. If necessary, it is advisable to test for allergies.
• If there is no effect from the start of the use of Amoxiclav tablets within 48-72 hours, it is replaced with another antibiotic or the therapeutic tactics are changed.
• During the administration of the drug (especially with a course of treatment exceeding 5 days), a periodic clinical study of blood is necessary to control the number of its formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets).
• Very carefully, Amoxiclav is used in patients with concomitant liver or kidney dysfunction, while their functional activity is monitored.
• Amoxiclav in tablets for young children is not used, as it contains a high concentration of active ingredients, calculated for the age of 6 years.
• Combined administration with drugs of other drug groups should be very careful. You can not use in parallel drugs that reduce blood clotting, which have a toxic effect on the liver or kidneys.
• Amoxiclav tablets do not adversely affect the speed of a person's reaction and concentration of his attention.
• There is no data on the damaging effect of Amoxiclav on a developing fetus. However, its use in the first trimester of pregnancy is undesirable. In late pregnancy and during breastfeeding, the drug is allowed for use, but the intake should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor.

All these special instructions regarding the use of Amoxiclav must be taken into account by the attending physician before prescribing it.

Drug interactions

1. Amoxiclav increases the toxicity of Methotrexate when taken simultaneously.
2. When taking Amoxiclav and Allopurinol at the same time, the likelihood of exanthema increases.
3. Do not take Disulfiram and Amoxiclav at the same time.
4. The simultaneous use of drugs with Glucosamine, antacids, aminoglycosides, laxatives slows down the absorption of Amoxiclav, when taken simultaneously with Ascorbic acid, the absorption is accelerated.
5. With the simultaneous administration of the drug with some drugs, undesirable manifestations may occur, which is why tablets, syrup and intravenous administration of the drug should not be used in parallel with a number of drugs.
6. If anticoagulants and Amoxiclav are taken simultaneously, the prothrombin time increases. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe funds in such a combination with caution.
7. With simultaneous treatment with Phenylbutazone, diuretics, NSAIDs, Allopurinol and other drugs that block tubular secretion, an increase in the concentration of amoxicillin occurs.
8. Antagonists when taken together are amoxicillin and rifampicin. The drugs mutually weaken the antibacterial effect.
9. Amoxiclav and bacteriostatic antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides), as well as sulfonamides, should not be taken at the same time, as these drugs can reduce the effectiveness of Amoxiclav.
10. Probenecid increases the concentration of amoxicillin and slows down its excretion.

When using Amoxiclav, the effectiveness of the effect of oral contraceptives may decrease.

Amoxiclav 500 is a modern antibacterial drug that is a combination of two active ingredients. Amoxicillin, as a broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic, carries out the main action against pathogens. Clavulanic acid blocks the defense mechanisms of pathogens and expands the spectrum of action on bacteria that are otherwise resistant to penicillins.

Other names and classification

International non-proprietary name

According to the WHO classification, the INN of Amoxicillin is Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (in Latin: amoxicillin, clavulanic acid).

Trade names

The combination of the same active ingredients is present on the pharmaceutical market under the following names: Amoxiclav Kviktab (soluble form), Augmentin, Ekoklav, Panklav, Panklav 2x (with increased dosage), Medoklav, Novoklav and others.

When buying an analogue, you should study the instructions to comply with the prescribed dosage.

Registration number

Composition and dosage forms

The combined preparation is produced in several forms for a different route of administration:

• soluble film coated tablets;
• dispersible form (Kviktab) in the form of dissolving tablets;
• suspensions for oral administration;
• lyophilisate for preparation of solution for injection.

1 tablet 500 + 125 contains 0.5 g of amoxicillin and 0.125 g of potassium salt of clavulanic acid.

In tablets of other dosages, the antibiotic is present in the amount of 250 and 875 mg; the concentration of clavulanate remains unchanged - 125 mg.

Pharmacological group of Amoxiclav 500

Clinical and pharmacological group: a broad-spectrum antibiotic from a number of semi-synthetic penicillins in combination with a β-lactamase inhibitor.

pharmachologic effect

The combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid in the indicated ratio has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on pathogens that are sensitive to penicillin drugs, as well as to microorganisms that have developed resistance to therapy. Most bacteria have learned to destroy the antibiotic by producing protective enzymes - β-lactamase.

Clavulanate binds beta-lactamases, blocks their activity and removes them from the body in the form of inactive metabolites. This makes it possible for the antibiotic to show its activity, destroying the cell wall of pathogens, which causes their death.

Sensitive to the combined drug:

• streptococci;
• echinococcus;
• listeria.

Of the bacteria that do not show sensitivity to antibiotic penicillins, Amoxiclav therapy is amenable to:

• gram-positive aerobes (including Staphylococcus aureus);
• gram-negative aerobic pathogens (moraxella, klebsiella, bacillus, escherichia).

Regardless of the fullness of the stomach, the drug is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, reaching therapeutic concentrations within an hour after ingestion, penetrates into all tissues and fluids of the body, mucous membranes, secretions and phlegm.

The drug is excreted mainly by the kidneys; clavulanate is preliminarily metabolized in the liver.

Indications for use of Amoxiclav 500

The purpose of the drug is due to bacterial damage to various organs and systems:

• diseases of the upper and lower parts of the bronchopulmonary system;
• ENT organs: middle ear, sinuses, tonsils;
• an infection in the urinary tract or pelvic organs;
• abscesses of various localization, sepsis, purulent wounds;
• osteomyelitis, inflammation of the joints and bones.

An antibiotic is used to treat combined infectious processes, and if the pathogen has not been reliably established. For the prevention of postoperative complications, the drug is used in short courses before or after surgery.

How to take amoxiclav 500

The bioavailability of the drug does not depend on the degree of stomach fullness. To prevent reactions with the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to drink an antibiotic at the beginning of a meal. To restore beneficial microflora, a parallel intake of probiotics is prescribed.

The tablets should be taken whole, without crushing, with water. To prevent violations of water-salt metabolism during the course of treatment, a drinking regimen is observed - at least 2 liters of fluid per day.

How many days to take

The duration of the course of treatment is set individually on the basis of clinical manifestations and the severity of the disease. Therapy is prescribed for a period of 7 to 14 days. According to indications, it is possible to prescribe an antibiotic in a short course, but not less than for 5 days.

After two weeks of treatment, laboratory tests are carried out; based on their results, the effectiveness of therapy is determined. If necessary, the treatment period can be extended.

Unauthorized interruption of treatment threatens with incomplete destruction of the pathogen, which leads to relapses and the development of resistant strains.

Dosage

It should be borne in mind that 2 tablets containing 250 mg of amoxicillin are not equivalent to 1 tablet of 500 mg due to different concentrations of clavulanic acid. When prescribing Amoxiclav 500/125, it is unacceptable to replace it by taking several tablets with a lower dosage. This increases the likelihood of adverse reactions.

With a mild course of infection, forms of the drug are used, equivalent to 500 mg of the antibiotic, 1 tablet every 12 hours.

Prescribe a drug in a concentration of 500/125 mg for infections of moderate severity or acute condition with respiratory tract damage (tonsillitis, sinusitis, sinusitis). We recommend taking 1 tablet every 8 hours.

The maximum dose of the drug for adults is 6 g (in terms of antibiotic).

With prostatitis

The duration of therapy for bacterial prostatitis varies from 10 days to 2 weeks or more. Treatment is carried out inpatiently or on an outpatient basis with the condition of constant medical supervision.

In a hospital setting, treatment is possible with constant laboratory monitoring of the results. The attending physician adjusts the dosage, based on objective indicators of the patient's condition, and has the ability to replace the drug if it is ineffective or intolerant.

For prostatitis, 1 tablet (500 mg) is prescribed twice a day at regular intervals. The total amount of amoxicillin taken per day should not exceed 1.125 g; if necessary, this amount is divided into 3-4 doses.

Amoxiclav

special instructions

During pregnancy and lactation

Do not appoint Amoxiclav in the first trimester. There was no clinical evidence of a negative effect on fetal development. However, the decision to prescribe the drug at any stage of pregnancy is made on the basis of an analysis of the harm and benefits to the health of the mother and child.

During lactation, the medicine can be prescribed according to strict indications. The active ingredients are found in low concentrations in milk. When allergic reactions or digestive disorders appear in a child, feeding is temporarily stopped.

In childhood

For patients under the age of 12, tablets with a dosage of 500/125 are not used. The daily dose for children under 12 years of age or with a body weight of less than 40 kg should not exceed 45 mg per 1 kg of the child's weight. For such patients, a suspension form has been created.

A correctly calculated dose of medication can be prescribed to newborns according to strict indications. The drug is administered by intravenous infusion.

In old age

For patients over 60 years of age, subject to normal renal function, dose adjustment is not performed.

For violations of liver function

In patients with hepatic pathologies, the agent is used with caution with constant laboratory monitoring of organ function.

Both active ingredients can be removed by hemodialysis and, in small amounts, by peritoneal dialysis.

With impaired renal function

The total clearance of the complex drug decreases in proportion to the decrease in renal function. When CC values \u200b\u200bare more than 30 ml / minute, dose adjustment is not required.

In severe renal failure, the half-life of amoxicillin slows down to 7 hours. In such cases, it is necessary to adjust the dose and increase the intervals between doses.

Side effects of Amoxiclav 500

Adverse reactions are most often manifested from the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, change in taste, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes constipation. Symptoms may disappear during treatment or after the end of the course. With prolonged therapy, isolated cases of renal and hepatic abnormalities, the occurrence of colitis, jaundice are noted.

From the side of the central nervous system: headache, hyperactivity, anxiety, dizziness, convulsions.

Allergic reactions of varying severity (from urticaria to anaphylactic shock) indicate intolerance to the components and require immediate discontinuation of the drug. If you experience any skin reactions or swelling during treatment, you should immediately consult your doctor.

Among other side effects from long-term therapy with Amoxiclav, they note: the development of superinfection, crystalluria, hematuria, candidiasis.

Taking the drug in high doses can give a false positive reaction to sugar in the urine. To obtain reliable results in laboratory studies, enzymatic reactions with glucosidase are used.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and other mechanisms

The negative effect of Amoxiclav on the ability to drive a car has not been established. If the prescribed doses are observed, there is no danger of loss of concentration; work with mechanisms of any complexity is allowed.

Contraindications

The reception of Amoxiclav is contraindicated in such conditions:

• sensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins, any beta-lactam antibiotics;
• infectious mononucleosis;
• liver dysfunction associated with taking antibiotics;
• violation of phenylalanine metabolism;
• episodes of jaundice.

With caution and only under medical supervision, the drug is treated during pregnancy, chronic hepatic and renal failure, antibiotic-associated colitis.

Overdose

The first symptoms of overdose duplicate side effects (nausea, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, rash) and can often be ignored. Alarming signs are disturbances in the functioning of the central nervous system and heart rhythm disturbances:

• insomnia;
• overexcitation;
• tachycardia;
• convulsive seizures.

From the moment the symptoms are detected, the victim's stomach should be flushed, enterosorbents should be applied and the doctor should be expected, observing an increased drinking regime.

Interoperability and compatibility

Amoxiclav interacts with many drugs, but the parallel use of several drugs is possible only with the permission of the attending physician.