Chronic tonsillitis Is a chronic inflammatory process that affects palatine tonsils in the human throat. Inflammation develops as a result of the influence of a number of adverse factors - severe hypothermia, a decrease in the body's defenses and resistance, allergic reactions. Such an effect activates microorganisms that are constantly on the tonsils in a person with chronic tonsillitis. As a result, the patient develops and a number of further complications that can be local or general.

The lymphopharyngeal ring consists of seven tonsils: the lingual, pharyngeal and laryngeal tonsils, which are unpaired, as well as paired tonsils - palatine and tubal. Of all the tonsils, the palatine tonsils are most often inflamed.

The tonsils are lymphoid organ , which is involved in the formation of mechanisms that provide immunobiological protection. The tonsils perform these functions most actively in children. Therefore, the consequence of inflammatory processes in the palatine tonsils is the formation ... But at the same time, experts deny the fact that by removing the palatine tonsils, it is possible to negatively affect the human immune system as a whole.

Forms of chronic tonsillitis

In medicine, two different forms of tonsillitis are defined. When compressed form in the presence of exclusively local symptoms of inflammation of the palatine tonsils. At the same time, due to the barrier function of the tonsils, as well as the reactivity of the body, local inflammation is balanced, as a result of which a general pronounced reaction is not observed in a person. Thus, the protective function of the tonsils works, and bacteria do not spread further. Consequently, the disease is not particularly pronounced.

At the same time, at decompensated form, local symptoms of tonsillitis also occur, and at the same time it can develop paratonsillar , angina , tonsillogenic pathological reactions , as well as other ailments of a number of systems and organs.

It is important to consider that with any of the forms of chronic tonsillitis, infection of the whole body can occur and an extensive allergic reaction can develop.

The causes of chronic tonsillitis

In the process of very often repeated inflammation of the tonsils, which arise as a result of the effects of bacterial infections, the human immune system is weakened, and chronic tonsillitis develops. Most often, chronic tonsillitis occurs as a result of exposure adenoviruses , group A streptococcus , staphylococcus ... Moreover, if the treatment of chronic tonsillitis is carried out incorrectly, then the immune system can also suffer, as a result of which the course of the disease is aggravated. In addition, the development of chronic tonsillitis occurs due to the frequent manifestation acute respiratory diseases , , measles .

Chronic tonsillitis often develops in those patients who have been suffering from impaired nasal breathing for a long time. Therefore, the reason for the development of this ailment may be , pronounced, anatomical features of the structure of the inferior turbinates, the presence polyps in the nose and other reasons.

As factors contributing to the development of tonsillitis, it should be noted the presence of infectious foci in organs that are located nearby. Thus, the local causes of tonsillitis can be teeth affected, purulent which is chronic.

The development of the chronic form of tonsillitis may be preceded by a malfunction in the functioning of the human immune system, allergic manifestations.

Sometimes the cause of the further development of chronic tonsillitis is angina, the treatment of which was carried out without the appointment of an ENT specialist. In the process of treating angina, the patient must adhere to a special without eating foods that irritate the mucous membrane. In addition, you should completely stop smoking and not consume alcohol.

Chronic tonsillitis symptoms

A person can not detect symptoms of chronic tonsillitis immediately, but already in the process of the development of the disease.

The symptoms of chronic tonsillitis in a patient are primarily expressed by a feeling of severe discomfort in the throat - a person may feel the constant presence of a lump. There may be a sore or sore throat.

From the mouth can be felt bad smell, as there is a gradual decomposition of the contents of the lacunae and the release of pus from the tonsils. In addition, the symptoms of tonsillitis are coughing, feeling unwell, and severe fatigue. The person has difficulty performing normal work, subject to bouts of weakness. Sometimes the temperature may rise, while the period of increase in body temperature continues for a long period, and it rises closer to the evening.

As objective symptoms of tonsillitis, doctors distinguish the presence in the patient's history of frequent tonsillitis, purulent-caseous plugs in the lacunae of the tonsils, swelling of the palatine arches. Hyperthermia of the arches is also expressed, since the current is disturbed and next to the focus of inflammation. The patient notes painful sensations in the tonsils, an increase in their sensitivity. Such manifestations can bother a person for a long time. Also, the patient's regional ... If you palpate them, the patient notes the manifestation of mild pain.

Chronic tonsillitis can be accompanied by a headache, mild ear pain, or ear discomfort.

Diagnostics of the chronic tonsillitis

The process of establishing a diagnosis is carried out by studying the history and complaints of the patient about the manifestations of the disease. The doctor carefully examines the palatine tonsils, as well as examines and palpates the lymph nodes. Due to the fact that inflammation of the tonsils can provoke the development of very serious complications in a person, the doctor is not limited only to a local examination, but also analyzes the contents of the lacunae. To take material for such an analysis, using a spatula, the tongue is pushed back and pressure is made on the tonsil. If at the same time there is a discharge of pus, mainly of a mucous consistency and with an unpleasant odor, then in this case it can be assumed that in this case we are talking about the diagnosis of "chronic tonsillitis". However, even an analysis of this material cannot accurately indicate that the patient has chronic tonsillitis.

To accurately establish a diagnosis, the doctor is guided by the presence of some deviations in the patient. First of all, these are the thickened edges of the palatine arches and the presence of hyperthermia, as well as the definition of cicatricial adhesions between the tonsils and palatine arches. In chronic tonsillitis, the tonsils look loosened or scarred. In the lacunae of the tonsils there is pus or caseous-purulent plugs.

Chronic tonsillitis treatment

Currently, there are relatively few treatments for chronic tonsillitis. In the process of development of degenerative changes in the tonsils of the palate, lymphoid tissue, of which normal healthy tonsils are composed, is replaced by connective scar tissue. As a result, the inflammatory process is aggravated and occurs in general. As a result, microbes enter the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children and adults should be aimed at affecting the upper respiratory tract as a whole.

Quite often, in parallel with chronic tonsillitis, and chronic pharyngitis , which should also be taken into account in the process of prescribing therapy. With an exacerbation of the disease, first of all, it is necessary to remove the manifestations of tonsillitis, and after that you can directly treat tonsillitis. In this case, it is important to carry out a complete sanitation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, after which treatment is carried out to restore the structure of the tonsils and stabilize the immune system.

With an exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease, the decision on how to treat tonsillitis should be made exclusively by the doctor. In the first days of treatment, it is advisable to stay in bed. Complex therapy includes reception , which are selected taking into account individual sensitivity to them. The lacunae of the tonsils are washed with special devices using a solution , 0.1% solution iodine chloride ... After that, the lacunae are extinguished with 30% alcohol propolis extract .

In addition, physical methods of therapy are widely used: ultraviolet irradiation, microwave therapy, phonophoresis of vitamins, lidase. Today, other new progressive methods of treating tonsillitis are often used.

Sometimes the attending physician may decide to perform a surgical removal of the tonsils - tonsillectomy ... However, clear indications must be obtained initially to remove tonsils. So, surgical intervention is indicated for recurrent paratonsillar abscesses, as well as in the presence of certain concomitant diseases. Therefore, if chronic tonsillitis proceeds without complications, then it is advisable to prescribe a conservative complex therapy.

There are a number of contraindications for tonsillectomy: the operation should not be performed on patients , hemophilia , active form , heart disease , jade and other ailments. If the operation cannot be performed, then sometimes the patient is recommended a cryogenic method of treatment.

The doctors

Medicines

Prevention of chronic tonsillitis

To prevent this disease, it is necessary to ensure that nasal breathing is always normal, to treat all infectious diseases in a timely manner. After a sore throat, prophylactic washing of the lacunae and lubrication of the tonsils with drugs recommended by the doctor should be carried out. In this case, you can use 1% iodine-glycerin , 0,16% — and etc.

Regular hardening in general is also important, as well as hardening of the pharyngeal mucosa. For this, morning and evening rinsing of the throat are shown with water, which has room temperature... The diet should contain foods and meals high in vitamins.

Complications of chronic tonsillitis

If the symptoms of chronic tonsillitis appear in a patient for a long time, and there is no adequate therapy, then serious complications of tonsillitis may develop. In total, about 55 different diseases can appear as a complication of tonsillitis.

In chronic tonsillitis, patients very often complain of difficulty in nasal breathing, which manifests itself as a result of constant edema of the nasal mucosa and its cavity.

Due to the fact that the inflamed tonsils cannot fully resist the infection, it spreads to the tissues that surround the tonsil. As a result, the formation of paratonsillar abscesses ... Often there is an outgrowth of a paratonsillar abscess into phlegmon neck. This dangerous ailment can be fatal.

The infection can gradually affect the underlying airways as well, leading to the manifestation and ... If the patient has a decompensated form of chronic tonsillitis, then the changes in the internal organs are most pronounced.

A lot of various complications of internal organs arising as a consequence of chronic tonsillitis are diagnosed. So, the effect of chronic tonsillitis on the manifestation and further course of collagen diseases has been proven, including , periarthritis nodosa , .

As a result of the manifestation of frequent angina in the patient, heart disease may develop after a while. In this case, the occurrence of acquired heart defects , myocarditis .

The gastrointestinal tract is also subject to complications due to the spread of infections from the inflamed tonsils. It is fraught with development gastritis , peptic ulcer , duodenitis , .

Manifestation dermatoses it is also very often due to the chronic tonsillitis that had previously occurred in the patient. This thesis is confirmed in particular by the fact that chronic tonsillitis is very often diagnosed in people suffering from ... At the same time, there is a clear relationship between exacerbations of tonsillitis and the activity of the course of psoriasis. There is an opinion that the treatment of psoriasis must necessarily include tonsillectomy.

Pathological changes in the palatine tonsils are very often combined with non-specific lung diseases. In some cases, the progression of chronic tonsillitis contributes to an exacerbation pneumonia chronic form and significantly aggravate the course of this disease. Accordingly, according to pulmanologists, in order to reduce the number of complications in chronic ailments of the lungs, the focus of infection in the tonsils of the palate should be promptly eliminated.

Some eye diseases can also be complications of chronic tonsillitis. Poisoning of the human body with toxins that are released due to the development of chronic tonsillitis can greatly weaken the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Therefore, to warn , it is necessary to eliminate the focus of infection in time. Streptococcal infection in chronic tonsillitis can cause behcet's disease , signs of which are eye lesions.

In addition, with a long course of chronic tonsillitis, the liver can be affected, as well as the biliary system. Sometimes it is also noted, provoked by prolonged chronic tonsillitis.

In some cases, patients with chronic tonsillitis have a variety of neuro-endocrine disorders. A person can dramatically lose weight or gain , his appetite is noticeably disturbed, there is a constant. Women suffer from violations of the monthly cycle, in men it can decrease .

With the development of focal infection in the tonsils, sometimes the function of the pancreas is weakened, which ultimately leads to the process of destruction insulin ... This can lead to development ... In addition, there is a malfunction of the thyroid gland, which provokes high level the formation of hormones.

In addition, the progression of chronic tonsillitis can affect the onset of immunodeficiency states.

If chronic tonsillitis develops in young women, then it can affect the development of the reproductive organs. Very often, chronic tonsillitis in children worsens in adolescence and goes from a compensated form to a decompensated one. It is during this period that the child's endocrine and reproductive systems become more active. Consequently, there are various violations in this process.

Thus, it should be borne in mind that a person with chronic tonsillitis can develop a wide variety of complications. It follows from this that the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children and adults should be carried out in a timely manner and only after the correct diagnosis and appointment of the attending physician.

List of sources

• Lukan N.V., Sambulov V.I., Filatova E.V. Conservative treatment various forms of chronic tonsillitis. Almanac of Clinical Medicine, 2010;
• Soldatov I.B. Otorhinolaryngology Guide. M .: Medicine, 1997;
• Chronic tonsillitis: clinical picture and immunological aspects / M. S. Pluzhnikov [and others]. - SPb. : Dialogue, 2010;
• Bogomilsky M.R., Chistyakova V.R. Children's otorhinolaryngology. - M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2002.

The palatine tonsils, like other lymphoid formations of the pharyngeal ring, belong to the immune structures. They take on the attack of infection when it tries to enter the body. To fight pathogenic microorganisms, the lymphoid tissue can normally increase slightly, but after the victory it returns to its previous size.

Thus, temporary hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils of the 1st degree is a variant of the norm for the acute period of an infectious disease. An enlargement of the glands to 2 and 3 degrees leads to the appearance of symptoms of the disease and requires treatment. Often, pathology occurs among children.

Glandular hypertrophy can develop in parallel with an increase in the pharyngeal or lingual tonsils. Often, an increase in the glands is diagnosed against the background of adenoids and vice versa.

Tonsils, depending on their size, can be classified as follows:

1 degree - characterized by a decrease in the throat lumen by a third; on the second degree - the diameter is narrowed by 2/3; the third degree is characterized by the connection of the surfaces of the tonsils, which completely closes the lumen of the throat.

Causes of hypertrophy

It is not possible to say exactly why the gland becomes hypertrophied. However, we can say with confidence that this is a protective reaction of the body to the action of an unfavorable factor.

In children, due to the underdevelopment of the immune system, the lymphoid tissue is very changeable, therefore it is not required for its hyperplasia long-term action damaging factor.

The predisposing factors that cause the proliferation of lymphoid tissue, which cause hypertrophy of the tonsils in children, include:

decreased immune defense; exacerbation of chronic pathology; improper nutrition; frequent infections (ARVI, flu); the presence of an infection in the pharyngitis (pharyngitis) or nasopharynx (sinusitis); chronic tonsillitis, when microbes accumulate in the folds of the mucous membrane, supporting the inflammatory response; heavy physical activity; dry polluted air; professional harm.

Note that children whose parents suffered from adenoids or had tonsils removed from them, that is, with a burdened heredity, suffer more often.

How does it manifest?

When contacting an otolaryngologist, in most cases, the proliferation of lymphoid tissue is diagnosed not only of the glands, but also of the pharyngeal tonsil. Expressiveness clinical symptoms depends on the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils and the overlap of the lumen of the larynx.

When you try to independently examine the tonsils in the mirror, only at the second and third degrees can you notice their increase. Growths of the 1st degree are not so noticeable, so the person does not pay attention to the symptoms. Gradually, when grade 2 tonsil hypertrophy develops, signs indicating the disease begin to appear. As the glands increase, they are soldered between themselves and the palatine tongue.

In consistency, the tonsils become compacted with a hyperemic (with inflammation) or pale yellow color. You can clinically notice the hypertrophied appearance of the tonsils by the following signs:

the child begins to breathe heavily, this is especially noticeable when he plays outdoor games; difficulty swallowing; there is a foreign element in the pharynx; the voice changes, becomes nasal. Sometimes it is not possible the first time to understand what the child is saying, because some sounds are distorted; snoring and coughing is sometimes noted.

With further proliferation of lymphoid tissue, the passage of solid food becomes difficult. With inflammation of the tonsils, angina develops. It is characterized by:

acute onset; rapid deterioration of the condition; febrile hyperthermia; purulent plaque on the tonsils, follicular suppuration, pus in the lacunae.

Diagnostic examination

To make an accurate diagnosis, you need to see a doctor:

at the first stage, the doctor interrogates complaints, examines the features of their appearance, and also analyzes the history of life (living conditions, past and existing diseases). In addition, regional lymph nodes are probed for inflammation; at the second stage, pharyngoscopy is performed, which makes it possible to examine the condition of the tonsils, assess the prevalence of the process and establish the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue. Rhinoscopy is also recommended; the third stage includes conducting laboratory diagnostics... For this, the patient is sent for microscopy and culture. The material for examinations is a swab from the tonsils.

Analyzes make it possible to confirm or exclude an infectious lesion of the glands, as well as to establish the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics.

To identify complications, otoscopy, rigid endoscopy, fibroendoscopy, and ultrasound are done. In the process of diagnosis, hypertrophy must be differentiated from chronic tonsillitis, oncopathology and abscess.

Conservative direction in treatment

Before deciding what to use for treatment, it is necessary to analyze the results of the diagnosis. Especially it is necessary to take into account the degree of proliferation of lymphoid tissue, the presence of infection and the inflammatory process.

For a system action, the following can be assigned:

antibacterial agents (Augmentin, Zinnat); antiviral drugs (Nazoferon, Aflubin); antihistamines that reduce tissue edema (Diazolin, Tavegil, Erius); vitamin therapy.

For local effects, rinsing the throat with solutions with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects are shown. Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Givalex and Miramistin are suitable for the procedure. Rinses with decoctions of herbs (chamomile, yarrow, sage) are also allowed.

If necessary, the tonsils are lubricated with solutions with an antiseptic, drying and moisturizing effect. To adequately assess the effectiveness of drug therapy, it is necessary to regularly visit a doctor and undergo diagnostics. A good result can be achieved by simultaneously strengthening the immune defense.

Surgical intervention

Grade 3 palatine tonsil hypertrophy in children should be treated surgically. With such an increase in the glands, not only the symptoms of the disease disturb, but also complications appear. Breathing disorder is fraught with hypoxia, from which the child is sleepy, inattentive and capricious.

Removal of tonsils, or tonsillectomy, lasts no more than 50 minutes.

To prepare for the operation, you must undergo a complete examination to identify contraindications.

Surgical intervention can be tolerated if:

acute course of an infectious disease; exacerbation of chronic pathology; coagulopathy; uncontrolled diseases of the nervous system (epilepsy); severe bronchial asthma.

In consultation with an otolaryngologist, the question of removing the adenoids together with the glands in case of their hypertrophy may be considered. Before the operation, it is necessary to find out the presence of allergic reactions to local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine).

Surgery can be done under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. This is determined by the anesthesiologist during the conversation and according to the results of the diagnosis.

Usually tonsillectomy is performed as planned, so you can fully examine the child, thereby preventing complications and facilitating the postoperative period.

Hospitalization for surgery is performed when a child:

labored breathing; snore; changed speech; hypertrophy of palatine tonsils 3 degrees.

In the postoperative period, as well as before surgery, parents should be near the child. This will calm him down a bit and make the work of the surgeons easier. If the child is emotionally labile, in order to prevent it from being pulled out of the hands of the medical staff during the operation, general anesthesia is chosen.

It is forbidden to cough and talk immediately after the operation so as not to injure the blood vessels and cause bleeding.

Do not be alarmed if the child will saliva copiously with an admixture of blood. By agreement with the doctor, you can drink water after a few hours, preferably through a straw.

From the second day on, liquid foods such as yogurt, kefir or broth are allowed. Brushing your teeth should be postponed for a few days. We emphasize that after the operation it can:

soreness appears when swallowing, as a response to tissue injury. To reduce pain, analgesics are prescribed; subfebrile hyperthermia; regional lymphadenitis; crusts in the throat; blood in the saliva.

Discharge is possible in 10 days. However, this does not mean that you can return to your usual life. It is also forbidden to eat solid food, hot drinks and heavy physical activity. It is necessary to remember about the sparing voice mode.

With a slight increase in the tonsils, dynamic observation of children by a doctor is necessary, because they can normalize the size of the tonsils. Complications of the operation are extremely rare, so it is considered simple for otolaryngology.

Preventive measures

To protect the child from surgery, it is enough to adhere to the following recommendations:

visit the dentist regularly for routine check-ups, because caries is a chronic infection; timely treat inflammation and infections of the throat (tonsillitis) and nasopharynx (sinusitis); prevent chronic diseases of internal organs; eat properly; get enough sleep and rest; often walk in the fresh air; regularly ventilate the room, do wet cleaning and humidify the air; go in for sports (swimming, cycling); avoid contact with allergens; have minimal contact with people with infectious diseases; not to visit crowded places during a flu epidemic; temper; heal the body in sanatoriums on the seashore, in a forest zone or mountainous area.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children is a fairly common pathology, but this does not mean that it cannot be avoided. Attention must be paid to the health of the child from birth to build a solid foundation for life.

The increase in palatine tonsils in size is accompanied by discomfort.

The child feels severe pain, his condition deteriorates significantly, parents need to think about treating the baby.

We will talk about the symptoms and treatment of tonsil hypertrophy in children in the article.

Read about the prevention of obstructive bronchitis in children here.

General concept

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children - photo:

Tonsil hypertrophy is a disease characterized by an increase in the size of the palatine tonsils... Children 4-7 years old suffer from this disease.

As soon as the child has an illness, his breathing is impaired. This leads to sleep disturbance, speech becomes illegible. The kid hears worse, often there is a cough.

If treatment is started on time, the child will recover within 1-2 weeks. In severe cases, the disease requires longer treatment.

The disease arises and develops for the following reasons:

Hypothermiatonsils. This happens when you breathe while walking in the cold season. Frequent sore throats tonsillitis... The mucous tissue is irritated, an increase in the tonsils occurs. Infectious diseases... If a child has recently had such an illness, the likelihood of enlargement of the tonsils increases significantly. Allergic reactions. May lead to enlargement of the tonsils. Lack of vitamins. This happens with malnutrition, with a lack of certain substances. Violations of work endocrine system... It manifests itself in various symptoms, including an increase in the tonsils. Hereditarypredisposition. If any of the parents had such a process, it may appear in the child.

How to distinguish common bronchitis from allergic? Find out the answer right now.

Experts divide this process into three stages of development:

1 degree. Enlarged tonsils take up 1/3 of the space. The disease practically does not manifest itself, the child's condition is good; 2nd degree. The tonsils have increased quite strongly, they occupy 2/3. The child's condition is serious, the disease leads to severe pain, weakness, sleep disturbance; 3 degree. The tonsils are in contact with each other, the space is almost completely filled with them. For treatment, serious medications are needed, strict supervision of a specialist. Back to content Symptoms and signs

The following symptoms help to determine the disease:

Magnification tonsils. They become larger, acquire a bright pink hue. Labored breathing... The kid is breathing heavily, shortness of breath appears. Painwhile swallowing. This manifests itself during eating. Indistinct speech. To kid difficult to speak, nasalness appears. Many sounds are distorted when spoken. Cough... The child begins to cough violently, especially at night. This negatively affects the quality of sleep. Lack of sleep leads to rapid fatigue and weakness. Pallor... The kid looks unhealthy. Enhancement temperature... It happens in severe cases.

Dizziness, lethargy, and impaired appetite are also signs of the disease. The child does not play, lies a lot. The performance is reduced.

If you do not start treatment on time, serious complications may occur:

Pharyngitis... The mucous membrane is severely damaged, the tissues become even more sick. Tonsillitis... Sore throat increases significantly, possibly a rise in temperature. Nervousness... The kid becomes restless, often worried and nervous. Capriciousness... Because of a sore throat, the baby cries, is capricious. It is very difficult to calm him down.

Having started to treat the baby in time, these phenomena can be avoided.

Find out how to provide emergency care for broncho-obstructive syndrome in children from our article.

It is impossible to diagnose the disease on your own, you need a doctor's help. The following methods are used to determine the disease:

Inspectionchild. The doctor carefully examines the baby's throat, tonsils. General blood test... Helps to study the condition of the child, to identify significant changes. General analysis of urine... Thanks to this analysis, the specialist can determine general state baby. Fiber endoscopy... The procedure is performed using a flexible endoscope. Helps to see the affected area. Ultrasoundlarynx. One of the most effective methods... Allows you to carefully examine the tonsils, determine the degree of the disease.

These methods are quite enough to determine the disease. Once the disease is established, doctors prescribe the best treatment.

The main principles of treatment are:

Reception drugs... Appointed by a specialist. Rinsesantiseptic solutions. Helps relieve puffiness and pain. The tonsils gradually shrink back to their normal size. Avoiding hypothermia... They will only make the process worse. The child should refuse to walk during treatment, go outside only in warm weather. Recreation, bed rest... It is better for the child to rest and avoid physical activity.

Among the most commonly used solutions:

silver nitrate... Solution 0.25-2%. They are treated with the surface of the tonsils twice a day. Gently using cotton wool, the tonsils are lubricated with this liquid. It greatly facilitates the condition of the child; Tannin- solution 1-2%. With its help, rinsing of the throat is carried out, painful areas are lubricated at least 2-3 times a day; Antiformin... It is used to gargle the throat. It is an effective antiseptic that restores healthy mucosal microflora.

Doctors prescribe to patients taking drugs that have antimicrobial and antiviral properties:

Lymphomyosot... Fights disease, increases the child's immunity. The main symptoms of the disease disappear in the first 3-5 days of treatment. Made in the form of drops. It is necessary to consume 5 drops three times a day thirty minutes before meals; Umckalor... Effectively fights disease, eliminates unpleasant symptoms and pain. Release form - drops. It is enough for the child to take the medicine 10 drops three times a day for recovery; Tonsilgon... Fights against pathogenic bacteria, eliminates redness and swelling. The throat begins to heal quickly enough. The tool is presented in the form of drops. The child is given the medicine 10 drops 2-3 times a day.

The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. Usually it does not exceed ten days. As a rule, these drugs are enough for the baby to recover.

If they do not help, doctors prescribe individually more serious medications. In severe cases, surgery is used.

Removal of tonsils takes no more than an hour. On the same day, the child is allowed to go home. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. It takes at least a week to recover from surgery.

Surgical intervention can be contraindicatedfor certain reasons, therefore it is used only in extreme cases. Medicines remain the main methods of treatment.

Experts recommend lubricate tonsils with aloe juice... To do this, juice is extracted from a fresh leaf, mixed with honey. The proportions should be 1: 3. The resulting liquid should be lubricated with the baby's tonsils three times a day. You can not eat after the procedure for 30 minutes. Recommended gargle with chamomile decoction... To do this, you need to mix a glass of boiling water and a tablespoon of the crushed plant. The solution is infused for an hour, then filtered and cooled. Gargle with a warm solution 3-4 times a day. Useful sea \u200b\u200bsalt solution... To do this, mix a glass of warm boiled water and a teaspoon of sea salt. The finished medicine is used for rinsing 3-4 times a day.

To avoid the occurrence of this disease, you must remember about preventive measures:

To avoid hypothermia... In the cold season, it is better to stay at home, or dress warmly before going outside. Eat healthy foods filled with vitamins... This will strengthen the child's body. With a tendency to allergiesthe child should avoid contact with the irritant. Regularly conduct cleaningin the baby's room. He must breathe clean air. Rinse your mouth water after eating. This will remove food debris from the oral cavity... Microbes will not accumulate in the mouth, the likelihood of enlargement of the tonsils is reduced.

This disease is very serious, it can harm the child's body.

With timely treatment, the child can recover in two weeks, it is necessary to start treating the child immediately.

You can learn about problems with tonsils in children from the video:

The overgrowth of the glandular tissue of the palatine glands occurs in childhood... In the period from 2 years to the time of puberty, children are diagnosed with an increase in the tonsils. The causes of the pathological process lie in the underdeveloped organs of the lymphoid system located in the throat.

How does pathology manifest in children?

The tissue of the tonsils grows, they take up a larger volume in the throat, but there is no inflammatory process. The color and consistency of the organ does not change. Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children occurs regularly, girls and boys are equally susceptible to this process. Treatment depends on the degree of tissue overgrowth.

At the first examination, the doctor will determine which tonsils are affected:

Palatine and tubal (paired) glands. The first are located on the sides of the entrance to the pharynx, the second in the organs of hearing. Pharyngeal and lingual (unpaired) glands. The first is located on the back of the pharynx, the second under the tongue.

The organs of the lymphatic system protect the body from infection, dust and viruses. In a child, they cannot fully perform their functions, since they are not yet sufficiently developed.

Finally, the formation ends by the age of 12, then it is expected that the hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils will subside. Not all children require compulsory treatment.

Causes of the growth of the tonsils

The process involves the palatine and pharyngeal glands. The proliferation is provoked by recurrent sore throats. The chronic inflammatory process mostly affects the pharyngeal tonsil, then the parents hear the diagnosis "adenoiditis".

Treatment on initial stage aimed at relieving inflammation and reducing the volume of the gland. In severe cases, when glandular hypertrophy affects breathing, impairs sleep, and interferes with normal feeding, surgical removal (complete or partial) is indicated.

During the inflammatory process, the volume of the glands increases, the number of lymphocytes in them increases, which protect the body from the invasion of pathogens. With recurring infections, weak immunity, the tonsils do not have time to recover from inflammation and take on their normal size. Being in an enlarged state turns into a chronic form, which becomes a pathology.

There are many more factors for hypertrophy of the lymphatic organs; pharyngoscopy helps to establish the true cause:

susceptibility to allergies; unsuitable climate; caries, stomatitis, thrush; structural features of the maxillofacial apparatus; adrenal gland disease.

Symptoms of gland hypertrophy in a child

Parents tend to attribute changes in the child's body to the inflammatory process in the case of a cold. However, when the infection is cured, and breathing is difficult and the child is nasal, this is a reason to see a doctor.

The following conditions become the reason for a visit to the doctor:

at night the baby's breathing is uneven, sometimes with effort; breathing through the mouth predominates; the child is inhibited, speaks poorly, hears; says "in the nose"; Difficulty pronouncing consonants pallor of the skin; feeling of stuffy nose.

The child is lethargic, gets tired quickly, may complain of a headache.

Forms of manifestation of hypertrophy

To select a treatment, the degree of enlargement of the gland is determined. To do this, the doctor examines the oral cavity and palatine glands, which are visible without the use of special instruments.

In children, it is customary to distinguish 3 degrees of tonsil hypertrophy:

Visually, the palatine glands are enlarged, occupying a third of the height from the tongue to the arch of the palate. The lymph glands are higher in height than the midline of the pharynx. The glands close the lumen of the pharynx, touch tightly or overlap each other.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils of 1 and 2 degrees in children requires hygiene, cleaning the mouth, rinsing with water and antiseptic solutions. With an established 3 degree of growth of the palatine glands, partial or complete removal of the gland tissue is considered.

Why is a unilateral process dangerous?

When an infection hits the gland, both are "activated". With the chronization of the process, their simultaneous growth occurs. But, in rare cases, unilateral hypertrophy of the tonsils is diagnosed, which is considered a dangerous symptom.

In this case, an urgent need to visit a doctor to determine the cause of the pathology. The child is shown to an oncologist, phthisiatrician and venereologist. The cause of the proliferation of the gland is lung disease (tuberculosis), syphilis, and a tumor process. Tests help to establish a diagnosis: blood, smears, instrumental examination.

Unilateral growth of the amygdala occurs due to the anatomical features of the structure of the pharyngeal organs. In this case, therapy is not required.

Treatment of tonsils with growth

In the initial stages, conservative methods are used:

rinsing; physiotherapy; inhalation; mouth sanitation

Restores tonsils or prevents them from growing further.

trips to the sea; hardening and air baths; strengthening of immunity; varied diet.

If a pathological enlargement of the gland complicates the life of a small patient, an operation is performed to remove or partially excision the lymphatic tissue.

In case of gland pathology, observation of a small patient and adherence to the doctor's prescriptions is indicated. The lymph glands are likely to return to their normal size and perform their functional tasks.

The role of the tonsils in maintaining immunity is very high. Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils (gm) is a fairly serious disease. Hypertrophy leads to enlargement of the tonsils without inflammation of the tonsils. This disease mainly affects children from 4-14 years of age. Often, with hypertrophy of the tonsils, the adenoids are also enlarged.

What is palatal hypertrophy in children?

The main reasons why hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils occurs in children are as follows:

Frequent inflammatory and infectious diseases respiratory organs in a child. Especially often the disease occurs after diseases such as scarlet fever and measles. Lack of vitamins and nutrients, unbalanced diet, adverse weather conditions. For example, in a newborn child, the tissue of the glands is not mature enough, therefore, when exposed to unfavorable external factors (inhalation of cigarette smoke from polluted air), it often grows. Thus, the baby's body is trying to resist the negative effects of the environment. The presence of concomitant diseases (chronic tonsillitis). Complicated childbirth (in the process of such childbirth, the child undergoes prolonged asphyxiation). Hereditary predisposition. Constant hypothermia. It occurs in cases where nasal breathing is impaired. Stress and heavy physical activity. Stay in conditions of radioactive irradiation. Diseases of an allergic nature. The child has tuberculosis.

When there is a hypertrophic process, the child's breathing becomes difficult. Speech is often illegible and indistinct, with incorrect pronunciation of some consonants. Sleep becomes restless as the child is coughing and often wheezes during sleep. Hearing impairment with tonsil dystrophy is not uncommon.

Often, external changes also occur: the child's upper jaw lengthens and protrudes forward upper teeth... It is difficult to swallow food. The skin becomes pale, the shape of the chest changes. The child suffers from headaches, the performance of school-age children is markedly reduced, since their concentration and memory are reduced. Children, whose tonsils begin to hypertrophy, are more likely to suffer from tracheitis and otitis media. Bedwetting may also appear.

Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils 1 and 2 degrees

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children has several degrees: of fundamental importance in the classification is the size that the tonsils are already hypertrophied.

The first degree of the disease is not too severe. The enlargement of the gland in size does not interfere with full-fledged nasal breathing, but sometimes light snoring appears. With the second degree of the disease, a strong growth of the amygdala occurs, it closes almost half of the entrance to the nasopharynx. At the third stage of the disease, the entrance is completely closed by overgrown tonsils. Nasal breathing becomes impossible and the child has to breathe through the mouth.

Competent treatment of the disease helps to restore the normal size of the tonsils and ensure their normal functioning. Methods for the treatment of tonsil hypertrophy are very diverse. At an early stage of the disease, they resort to conservative treatment. In the treatment of tonsil pathology, the following are used:

Miramistin and Antiformin. With their help, gargle is performed. Homeopathic remedies that have a lymphopropic effect. We are talking about Tonsillgon, Tonsilotren and others medicinesoh. Silver solution. It is essential for lubricating the tonsils. They also use agents that strengthen a weakened immune system. If the child has an aggravated tonsillitis, antibacterial therapy, the throat must be gargled with antiseptic and disinfectant solutions... Various physiotherapy techniques. Especially should be highlighted ozone therapy, vacuum hydrotherapy and laser therapy. It is also justified to carry out phonophoresis and balneotherapy. It is also useful to visit sea or mountain resorts. Therefore, rest in a sanatorium greatly facilitates the condition. The use of oxygen cocktails is also effective.

You can also use mud therapy, which involves the imposition of mud applications on the neck.

At the initial stage of the disease, alternative methods of treatment can also be used. The recipes are simple and effective.

10 grams of honey should be diluted in 200 ml of warm water. Wait until the honey is completely dissolved, this remedy must be used for two weeks to rinse the throat. Approximately 80 grams of dried blueberries must be brewed with half a liter of boiling water, and the mixture must be heated with a water bath. The liquid should halve in volume during evaporation. This broth can be used to gargle. It is also consumed orally in a quarter of a glass 4 times a day. Effective and lubrication of the tonsils with fresh aloe juice. The procedure must be carried out for at least two weeks. You can pour 20 grams of anise with alcohol. You need to take half a glass of alcohol. The infusion should stand in a dark place for about a week. The resulting tincture can be gargled twice a day for three weeks. It is also useful to lubricate the tonsils with a mixture of peach and glycerin, taken in equal proportions (one to one).

With the initial degree of tonsil hypertrophy, it is not recommended:

To resort to self-treatment. Be sure to contact a specialist for advice. Monitor how the child breathes. If he breathes through his mouth, it can become a persistent habit that will be difficult to get rid of in the future.

Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils 2 and 3 degrees

With 2 and 3 degrees of the disease, conservative treatment does not give a significant result. Therefore, a surgical operation is performed. Before her, it is necessary to undergo an examination: to pass blood and urine tests, to do a bacterial analysis with tonsils. Often they resort to pharyngoscopy, an ultrasound examination of the pharynx or an endoscopic examination. It is necessary to distinguish the pathology of the tonsils from the tumor process, infectious diseases of the nasopharynx.

Operation for this ailment is necessary in the following cases:

Due to the strong closure of the tonsils, breathing is difficult. A tumor is suspected and a biopsy is needed. Development of an abscess of the gland. Frequent sore throats.

Surgery is performed under appropriate anesthesia. The procedure is unpleasant, but it does not cause painful sensations. The protruding part of the amygdala is fixed with a special instrument of tonsillotomy. Then the gland is quickly removed. Sometimes part of the tonsil is not removed, if its size is small, then the so-called biting of the tonsil with a short contochoma is performed. The postoperative period has a number of complications:

The possibility of bleeding from the wound. The development of infection and the likelihood of suppuration. The possibility of traumatizing the sky. Lymph node enlargement.

When the disease recurs, radiation therapy is necessary. After the operation, you can not play sports for three weeks, it is recommended to eat soft food for a week. You cannot drink drugs that affect blood clotting for seven days. You should refuse to visit the bathhouse and pool for a month.

Hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils in adults

This disease in adults is rare. It can occur in a woman in the process of carrying a child. The symptoms of the disease in an adult are approximately the same as in a child. If nasal breathing is difficult and night snoring appears, you need to consult a doctor and determine whether there is an increase in the palatine tonsils.

Diagnosis of pathology in an adult is more difficult than in a child. To study the palatine tonsil, you need special endoscopic equipment. An increase in the amygdala in an adult occurs due to chronic diseases that reduce the body's defenses. The proliferation of glands occurs not only due to tonsillitis and chronic rhinitis, caries and otitis media can also be the culprit. Pathology may occur due to nervous strain.

In adults, enlargement of the tonsils leads to a disease such as rhinitis. With a prolonged course of the disease, kidney problems and heart problems may appear. This disease can be treated with homeopathic remedies, ultrasound, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, folk methods... For example, you can prepare a Kalanchoe tincture, it is used for gargling. For the same purpose, lemon juice with the addition of honey is also useful.

Gargle three times a day. Throat compresses can be made of sage, crushed potatoes, or essential oils. If conservative treatment in an adult does not give the desired result, an operation is necessary. Surgical treatment is necessary so that the inflammatory process does not spread further. Women suffering from chronic tonsillitis or sinusitis need to undergo a comprehensive examination even before planning pregnancy.

Since tonsil hypertrophy is a threat to the health of the mother and child. The fetus, due to the enlargement of the gland, experiences a lack of oxygen. This often leads to complications that are undesirable during pregnancy, in particular, increases the risk of premature birth. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with tonsil hypertrophy, she must carefully follow all the doctor's prescriptions in order to prevent an exacerbation of the disease. Indeed, at the initial stage, antibiotics are not required to fight the disease. Fully conservative or surgical treatment carried out after childbirth or after the termination of breastfeeding.

Despite the localization of inflammation, chronic tonsillitis is a common disease. Its danger cannot be underestimated.

Palatine tonsils

Palatine tonsils (tonsillis palatinus) - The tonsils or tonsils are an important peripheral organ of the immune system. All tonsils - lingual, nasopharyngeal (adenoids), tubal, palatine - are lined with lymphoid and connective tissue... They make up the barrier-protective lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring (Pirogov-Valdeer's lymphoepithelial ring) and are actively involved in the formation of local and general immunity. Their work is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. The tonsils have the richest blood supply, which underlines their high working efficiency.

The term "chronic tonsillitis" means chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils, because it occurs much more often than a similar inflammation of all the other tonsils combined.

Pathological forms of chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis

ENT symptoms

Most often enlarged, loose, spongy, uneven;

Reduced, dense, hidden behind the palatine arches.

Atrophy of the tonsils occurs in adults due to gradual scarring and replacement of the lymphoid tissue involved in inflammation with connective tissue.

Inflamed, reddish, or bright red.

Can be widened, inlets (mouths) gaping.

Sometimes on the surface of the tonsils, in the mouths or through the epithelial cover, the purulent contents of the lacunae are visible - yellowish-white plugs.

Reddish or bright red;

The palatine arch can be fused to the tonsils.

• The angle between the anterior and posterior palatine arches is often swollen.

• When pressing on the tonsil with a spatula, purulent or caseous mucus with an unpleasant pungent odor is released from the lacunae.

Common symptoms of chronic tonsillitis

• Angina, as repeated exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis:

May be frequent, for the slightest reason;

Sometimes chronic tonsillitis proceeds without exacerbations (angina-free form);

Atypical sore throats - last for a long time, with low or slightly elevated body temperature, accompanied by severe general intoxication (headache, nausea, pain in muscles and joints).

• Regional cervical lymph nodes:

They are often enlarged and painful. The enlargement of the jugular lymph nodes is of great diagnostic value.

Subfebrile (37 - 38 0 C) increase in body temperature in the evenings;

- "unmotivated" headache;

Nausea, digestive problems;

Lethargy, rapid fatigability, low efficiency.

• Feeling awkward, tingling, sensation foreign body, lump in the throat.

• Recurrent sore throat radiating to the ear or neck.

• Bad breath.

Symptoms of chronic tonsillitis in some cases are poorly expressed, patients do not present any complaints.

The reasons for the development of chronic tonsillitis

1. Decrease in general and local reactivity of the organism.

Physiological reactivity is the body's ability to respond to changes in the environment (infection, temperature changes, etc.), as a factor that disrupts its normal state.

The capabilities of each person's own immunity are genetically determined and do not change throughout life. For instance:

For carriers of the system of leukocyte antigens (immune passport) HLA B8, DR3, A2, B12, a strong immune response is characteristic;

For HLA carriers B7, B18, B35 - weak.

However, the implementation of the available immune capabilities (reactivity) may vary depending on external and internal conditions.

With a negative decrease in reactivity (dysergia), external immune processes are inhibited, depressed, the protective function of the tonsils is weakened: the phagocytic activity of lymphoid cells is reduced, the production of antibodies is reduced. Weakening of local immunity in the nasopharynx is manifested by a sluggish, protracted inflammatory process with erased symptoms - chronic tonsillitis. Dysergy can also reveal itself as a perverse (atypical) response - an allergic inflammatory reaction.

Factors that reduce the body's reactivity:

• Hypothermia.

• Fasting, hypovitaminosis, unbalanced diet:

lack of protein in food, deficiency of vitamins C, D, A, B, K, folic acid reduces the production of antibodies.

• Overheating.
• Radiation.
• Chronic chemical poisoning:

alcoholism, smoking, taking certain medications, environmental or professional impact poisonous substances, etc.

• Diseases of the nervous system, stress syndrome:

it has been proven that high blood levels of ACTH, adrenaline, cortisone inhibit the production of antibodies.

patients with uncompensated diabetes or dysfunction of the thyroid gland often suffer from suppurative processes in the tonsils.

Insufficient sleep, overwork, physical overload.

• A postponed acute illness, a difficult operation, profuse blood loss lead to a temporary decrease in reactivity.
• Childhood.

Up to 12 - 15 years, there is a dynamic balancing between the nervous and other systems of the body, the formation of an "adult" hormonal background. In such volatile internal conditions, the reactivity of the organism is not always adequate.

Attenuation of the general metabolism and changes in hormonal status lead to dysergia.

2. Depletion of the immune system or secondary immunodeficiency states (IDS).

Local weakening of immunity in the nasopharynx and the development of symptoms of chronic tonsillitis in some cases is a consequence of secondary IDS.

Secondary immunodeficiency is an acquired decrease in the effectiveness of certain parts of the immune system. IDS causes various chronic inflammation, autoimmune, allergic and tumor diseases.

Common causes of secondary IDS:

• Protozoal diseases, helminthiasis:

malaria, toxoplasmosis, ascariasis, giardiasis, enterobiasis (pinworm infection), etc.

• Chronic bacterial infections:

leprosy, tuberculosis, caries, pneumococcal and other infections.

viral hepatitis, herpetic (including EBV, cytomegalovirus) infections, HIV.

obesity, cachexia, protein, vitamin, mineral deficiency.

• General diseases, pathological processes, intoxication, tumors.

The risk of developing chronic tonsillitis and the outcome of the inflammatory process in the tonsils mainly depend on the state of the whole organism.

IgA deficiency and chronic tonsillitis

To destroy pathogenic bacteria and viruses, lymphocytes of tonsils produce antibodies-immunoglobulins of all classes, as well as lysozyme, interferon, interleukins.

Class A immunoglobulins (IgA) and secretory SIgA (unlike IgM, IgG, IgE and IgD) penetrate well into saliva and oral mucous membranes. They play a decisive role in the implementation of local immunity.

Due to the weakening of reactivity or violation of the biocenosis of the oropharynx, a local deficiency in IgA production occurs. This leads to chronic inflammation in the glands and the formation of a local focus of chronic microbial infection. IgA deficiency causes overproduction of IgE reagins, which are primarily responsible for the allergic reaction.

Chronic tonsillitis is an infectious and allergic disease.

In an attempt to balance the production of immunoglobulins, lymphoid tissue can grow. Hyperplasia of the palatine and nasopharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) are common symptoms of chronic tonsillitis in children.

Clinical forms of chronic tonsillitis Symptoms

1.Liquid pus or caseous-purulent plugs in the lacunae.

2. Loose, uneven tonsils.

3. Swelling and hyperplasia of the edges of the palatine arches.

4. Fusion, adhesions of the tonsils with the palatine arches and folds.

I degree TAF I

1. All symptoms are of a simple form.

2.Periodic rise in body temperature

3. Weakness, fatigue, headaches.

4. Joint pain.

5. Inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes - lymphadenitis.

1.All symptoms of TAF I.

2. Pain in the region of the heart, arrhythmia. Functional disorders of the heart are recorded on the ECG.

3. Clinical and laboratory symptoms disorders of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, joints.

4. Complications of chronic tonsillitis are recorded:

Rheumatic diseases, infectious diseases of the joints, heart, urinary and other systems, of an infectious-allergic nature.

In chronic tonsillitis in the tonsils, there are more than 30 combinations of all kinds of microorganisms. Pathogenic streptococci, staphylococci, viruses, fungi penetrate the general lymph and blood flow, poison and infect the entire body, lead to the development of complications and autoimmune diseases.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of anamnesis, complaints of the patient and is based on a thorough, repeated examination of the tonsils in the non-acute period of the disease, checking the depth and nature of the contents of the lacunae (sometimes with the help of special devices).

Bacteriological examination of mucus lacunae is not of decisive diagnostic value, because pathogenic microflora in crypts, including hemolytic streptococcus, is often found in healthy people.

It is important to identify the condition of the jugular lymph nodes.

1. Cleansing the tissues of the tonsils from pathological contents helps to form normal local reactivity.

The most effective today is considered to be a course vacuum washing of the entire thickness of the tonsils using the Tonsillor apparatus.

Also used is the washing of lacunae with antiseptic agents (furacilin, boric acid, rivanol, potassium permanganate, iodinol) according to the Belogolovov method.

After cleansing the lacunae from pus and plugs, they are irrigated with mineral waters, interferon preparations, etc.

• Washing of lacunae with antibiotics should be avoided due to unwanted complications (allergies, fungal infection, impaired mucosal regeneration).

• Gargling with herbal infusions or antiseptic solutions is an ineffective treatment for chronic tonsillitis.

Washing the tonsils is contraindicated during the period of exacerbation of symptoms of tonsillitis (tonsillitis), in the acute period of other diseases.

2. An important stage in the restoration of local immunity is the sanitation and hygiene of the oral cavity: treatment of diseased teeth (caries) and gums, cleansing the oropharynx from food debris (regular rinsing, brushing teeth after meals). Sanitation of the nasopharynx and nasal mucosa: treatment of adenoids, pharyngitis, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis; as well as sinusitis, ear diseases.

3. Moist mucous membranes are a prerequisite for the normal course of local immune reactions. Measures to combat dryness of the nasopharynx:

Irrigation of mucous membranes with aerosol preparations sea \u200b\u200bwater, slightly saline solutions;

Inhaled air humidification: ventilation, installation of air humidifiers in heated rooms;

Moisturizing mucous membranes naturally: drinking plenty of fluids during exacerbations of tonsillitis. During the period of remission, the drinking regimen is about 2 liters of clean water per day.

4. Local / general background immunocorrection is prescribed by an immunologist-allergist. Treatment with immunotropic drugs is carried out strictly individually, taking into account the patient's immune and allergic status.

An absolute contraindication for the use of natural or other biostimulants:

Oncological (including benign, treated) diseases in the patient's history;

Suspicion of a tumor process.

5. Physiotherapy on the tonsil area:

Physiotherapy restores local immunity, improves lymph and blood circulation in the tonsils, improves lacunar drainage (self-cleaning).

Contraindications: oncological diseases or suspected oncopathology.

6. Reflexotherapy - stimulation of the reflexogenic zones of the neck with the help of special injections activates the lymph flow and restores the immune reactivity of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx.

7.Tonsilectomy - surgical removal of tonsils - is performed only in case of reliable symptoms of chronic tonsillitis TAF II or in the absence of an effect from a full multi-course conservative treatment of TAF I.

Surgical treatment relieves the symptoms of chronic tonsillitis from the ENT organs, but does not solve all the problems of a weakened immune system. After the removal of the tonsils, the risk of developing bronchopulmonary pathology increases.

8. A healthy lifestyle, sufficient physical activity, regular walks in the fresh air, balanced nutrition, hardening of the body (general and local), treatment of neuroses, endocrine and general diseases - all this plays a decisive role in the therapy and prevention of CT.

Chronic tonsillitis is a symptom of a decrease in the body's defenses. Timely identification and complex painstaking treatment of this pathology is the prevention of cardiovascular, rheumatic, renal, pulmonary, endocrine diseases.

Chronic tonsillitis is a situation when it is necessary to treat not "plugs in the tonsils" but a person.

2 comments

interesting Facts. Thank you.

I didn't have tonsillitis, but I did appear and I didn't even notice. I went to an ENT and received treatment. I went to wash every week, but I was told that I had to come for procedures next year. Time passed, about half a year and my tonsils were clogged with a new one. I went into the store for tea and then I met a CHAMBRET. This is not tea, but herbs based on thyme. It was these herbs that helped me get rid of the disease. It wasn't long before these herbs helped me, but I still use them. In addition, I drink fermented milk products against bacteria, such as; tan, ayran, etc. They taste nasty, but what can't you do for health ?!

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I have to remove tonsils, what is this procedure?

Classification of chronic tonsillitis:

toxic-allergic form I (TAF I) - (local signs + frequent sore throats in history 2-3 times a year + complaints, i.e. subjective sensations - joint pain, heaviness in the lower back, heart rhythm disturbances, prolonged subfebrillitis, NOT CONFIRMED clinically using laboratory and instrumental research methods)

toxic-allergic form II (TAF II) - (local signs + frequent sore throats in the anamnesis 2-3 times a year + the presence of ASSOCIATED diseases - rheumatism, pyelonephritis, rheumatic heart disease, prolonged subfebrillitis, CONFIRMED clinically with the help of laboratory and instrumental research methods) and / or a history of paratonsillar abscess

In connection with the above, there are two main methods of treating chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation - conservative (it consists in a course sanitation of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils in combination with local and general immunomodulation) and surgical (tonsillectomy itself).

Now about the indications for the choice of one or another treatment tactics.

Conservative treatment is prescribed in courses 2-3 times a year in the presence of simple and TAF I forms of chronic tonsillitis.

Surgical tactics are advisable in the following cases:

1. With a simple form of chronic tosillitis in combination with high degree hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils (III or IV degree)

2. Lack of effect of conservative treatment in the presence of TAF I

3. TAF II (is an absolute indication for the removal of tonsils)

airborne infections as the obstruction (glands) will be removed.

didn't you remove the adenoids?

If so, then the action goes deeper. It is nastier and more painful.

If not, then imagine a scalpel and an evil doctor-uncle crawling into your throat in nasty gloves and cutting off innocent tonsils with a sharp knife like a Brit.

Chronic tonsillitis: treatment and symptoms

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the palatine tonsils, in which there is a focus of infection, with periods of exacerbation (tonsillitis) and remission.

Epidemiology and prevalence

In adults, this disease occurs in 7% of cases, in children - in 13% of cases. More often, the disease occurs in those people who have a predisposition to it, associated with the anatomical and histological features of the structure of the tonsils.

Chronic tonsillitis symptoms

Chronic tonsillitis proceeds with alternating phases of exacerbation (tonsillitis) and remission.

With an exacerbation of this disease, symptoms such as sore throat when swallowing, difficulty in eating, enlargement of the tonsils, the appearance of white plaques on them, which are easily separated with a spatula, come to the fore. At the same time, the body temperature rises, the state of health worsens, body aches, headaches, and sometimes muscle pains appear.

Such exacerbations can occur from 1 to 6 times a year. Therefore, when contacting a doctor, the main complaint of patients is the presence of recurrent tonsillitis.

In the period of remission, patients are worried about bad breath, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, especially when swallowing.

Examination of the throat reveals enlargement and loosening of the tonsils, redness of the palatine arches and other tissues around the tonsils. On the tonsils themselves, you can identify white-yellow small formations up to 2 mm in size - purulent inflammation of the follicles of the palatine tonsils. Sometimes they may discharge pus with an unpleasant odor.

Another sign of this disease is an enlargement of the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes, their pain on palpation.

Forms of chronic tonsillitis

There are two forms of this disease:

The simple form manifests itself with all the symptoms described above, but at the same time the phenomena of intoxication are weakly expressed or not expressed at all. With this form in remission of the disease, chronic tonsillitis does not cause a violation of the general condition of the patient.

With this form, in addition to the main symptoms of chronic tonsillitis, symptoms of allergization and intoxication are also added to it. This is expressed in an increase in body temperature, the appearance of fatigue, a decrease in performance, the appearance of pain in the head, joints, muscles and heart.

The toxic-allergic form is divided into two degrees according to the severity and likelihood of complications. Moreover, if a patient with chronic tonsillitis has associated diseases (mainly diseases associated with beta-hemolytic streptococcus serogroup A), then this immediately determines the second severity of the toxic-allergic form.

Chronic tonsillitis treatment

Treatment for a simple form of chronic tonsillitis begins with conservative therapy... If conservative therapy is not effective (no effect after three courses), then the question arises of removing the palatine tonsils surgically.

Treatment of the toxic-allergic form of chronic tonsillitis depends on its severity. At the first degree of severity, treatment is also started with conservative treatment, and if this treatment does not give an effect after 1-2 courses, then the tonsils are surgically removed.

The second degree of severity of chronic tonsillitis is a direct indication for the surgical removal of inflamed tonsils.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis in the acute stage

With an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, angina occurs. It is caused by the development of pathogenic microflora in the tonsils. Therefore, antibiotics and antiseptics should be the main drugs in treatment.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis with antibiotics begins immediately when symptoms of redness, sore throat and fever appear. Antibiotics can be used both in tablet form and in the form of injections. The main antibiotics that should be used for this disease are antibiotics of the penicillin group (ampicillin, amoxicillin) and cephalosporins (cefazolin, ceftriaxone).

The lack of effect after 48 hours from the start of antibiotic treatment (there is no decrease in body temperature, pain and swelling of the tonsils), suggests that this drug does not work and it is necessary to change it to another. This can happen if you have been repeatedly treated with this type of antibiotic and the bacteria have developed resistance to it. For a more accurate determination of the antibiotic resistance of bacteria, it is necessary to perform a bacteriological study to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.

In addition to antibacterial treatment, it is necessary to rinse the throat and mouth with antiseptic solutions (furacillin, iodinol and others). Such rinses are performed 5-10 times a day.

Also, sprays (inhalipt, hexoral and others) are used as a local treatment, the use of which is carried out according to the instructions.

To reduce sore throat and provide an antiseptic effect, there are a variety of special sucking lozenges (pharyngosept and others).

There are several methods of conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation:

Method of washing the tonsils. In connection with a certain anatomical feature of the structure of the tonsils in some patients with chronic tonsillitis, the physiological lavage of the tonsils in a natural way is disturbed. Because of this, stagnation of the contents and the development of various pathogenic bacteria there occurs in the lacunae of the tonsils. The tonsils are washed with a syringe with a curved cannula or with the use of special equipment. Antiseptic solutions of furacilin are used for washing, boric acid, iodinol and others. The purpose of washing is to mechanically remove the purulent contents of the lacunae and destroy bacteria with antiseptic solutions. Typically, this should be done every other day for 15 days. The course is repeated three months later.

Methods for extrusion, suction and removal of the contents of the gaps with special tools. This method is rarely used due to its low efficiency and the possibility of injury.

The method of introducing drugs into the tissue of the tonsils and surrounding tissues. At the same time, substances such as antibiotics, sclerosing substances, hormones, enzymes, etc. are introduced. It is difficult to talk about the effectiveness of this method, since this technique is used extremely rarely due to the possibility of developing abscesses in the tonsils.

Physiotherapy treatments for chronic tonsillitis. For such treatment, UFO, electromagnetic waves, ultrasound are used. This physiotherapy is usually performed in 15 sessions. After that, the tonsils have an increased ability to resist infection.

Surgery

Treatment of decompensated chronic tonsillitis (lack of effect from conservative therapy, toxic-allergic form of the second degree, paratonsillitis, sepsis) is only operational.

Preparation for the surgical removal of tonsils (tonsillectomy) is carried out on an outpatient basis. To do this, collect an anamnesis of the disease and anamnesis of life, take various laboratory tests, change blood pressure, take an EKG, and examine it by various specialists.

If possible, before the operation, the patient is treated for concomitant diseases, symptomatic therapy of the underlying disease is performed. Before the operation, the patient is given sedatives, sedatives. The operation is performed on an empty stomach.

Typically, tonsillectomy is performed with the patient unconscious under local anesthesia in a sitting position. Anesthesia is carried out using dicaine (lubrication) and novocaine 0.5% with adrenaline (injecting tonsil tissue).

The tonsil is removed with a special instrument (loop) or scalp. First, it is pulled back, separated from the surrounding tissues, then inserted into the loop and cut under the base. Clamps are applied to the bleeding surface and sutured.

After the operation, the patient is sent to the ward, put to bed and an ice pack is placed on his neck. The operated area may bleed a little, so the patient is placed on his side so that the blood flows not down the throat and further into the esophagus, but into the oral cavity. This allows you to control the amount of blood loss.

On the first day after the operation, the patient should not eat, but you can drink a little water. For sore throat, the patient is given application anesthesia (for example, strepsis-plus-spray). Every other day, the patient can be fed with liquid food.

The patient is discharged from the hospital on the fifth day. He is given a hospital regimen for a week and recommendations are given (to avoid strenuous physical exertion, follow a sparing diet, etc.).

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Daily facial skin care is a prerequisite for maintaining youthfulness and beauty of the skin. It has long been known that the earlier and more conscientious a girl begins.

Chronic tonsillitis

Definition

Prevention of chronic tonsillitis

Classification of chronic tonsillitis

There are two clinical forms chronic tonsillitis: simple and toxic-allergic of two degrees of severity.

Simple form of Chronigesian tonsillitis

Liquid pus or caseous-purulent plugs in the lacunae of the tonsils (may be odorless);

Tonsils in adults are often small, can be smooth or with a loose surface;

Persistent hyperemia of the edges of the palatine arches (sign of Giese);

The edges of the upper parts of the palatine arches are swollen (sign of Zak);

Roller-like thickened edges of the anterior palatine arches (sign of Preobrazhensky)

Fusion and adhesions of the tonsils with arches and a triangular fold;

Increase in individual regional lymph nodes, sometimes painful on palpation (in the absence of other foci of infection in this region).

Concomitant diseases include those that do not have a single infectious basis with chronic tonsillitis, the pathogenetic relationship through general and local reactivity.

Toxic-allergic form I degree

Periodic episodes of subfebrile body temperature;

Episodes of weakness, weakness, malaise; rapid fatigability, reduced ability to work, poor health;

Recurrent joint pain;

Increase and soreness on palpation of regional lymph nodes (in the absence of other foci of infection);

Functional disorders of cardiac activity are unstable, can manifest themselves during exertion and at rest, during an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis;

Abnormal laboratory data can be erratic and volatile.

Concomitant diseases are the same as in the simple form. They do not have a single infectious basis with chronic tonsillitis.

Toxic-allergic form II degree

Periodic functional disorders cardiac activity (the patient makes complaints, ECG abnormalities are recorded);

Palpitations, heart rhythm disturbances;

Pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart or joints occur both during sore throat and outside the exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis;

Subfebrile body temperature (may be prolonged);

Functional disturbances of an infectious nature in the work of the kidneys, heart, vascular system, joints, liver and other organs and systems, recorded clinically and using laboratory methods.

Associated diseases have common infectious causes with chronic tonsillitis.

Acute and chronic (often with veiled symptoms) tonsillogenic sepsis;

Acquired heart defects;

Infectious and allergic nature of diseases of the urinary system, joints and other organs and systems.

Etiology of chronic tonsillitis

In most cases, the onset of chronic tonsillitis is associated with one or more tonsillitis, after which there is a chronicization of acute inflammation in the tonsils.

Chronic tonsillitis pathogenesis

Chronic tonsillitis clinic

In chronic tonsillitis, moderately pronounced symptoms of general intoxication are observed, such as periodic or constant low-grade body temperature, sweating, increased fatigue, including mental fatigue, sleep disturbances, moderate dizziness and headache, poor appetite, etc.

Chronic tonsillitis often causes the development of other diseases or makes them worse. Numerous studies carried out over the past decades confirm the connection between chronic tonsillitis and rheumatism, polyarthritis, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, sepsis, systemic diseases, dysfunction of the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex, neurological diseases, acute and chronic diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, etc.

Thus, the basis of the clinical picture of chronic tonsillitis is considered a symptom complex associated with the formation of a focus of chronic infection in the tonsils.

Diagnostics of the chronic tonsillitis

Physical examination

Chronic focal infection in the tonsils, due to its localization, lymphogenous and other connections with organs and life support systems, the nature of the infection (B-hemolytic streptococcus, etc.) always has a toxic-allergic effect on the entire body and constantly poses a threat of complications in the form of local and common diseases. In this regard, in order to establish a diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the general associated diseases in the patient.

Laboratory research

The pharyngoscopic signs of chronic tonsillitis include inflammatory changes in the palatine arches. A reliable sign of chronic tonsillitis is purulent contents in the crypts of the tonsils, released when pressed with a spatula on the tonsil through the anterior palatine arch. It can be more or less liquid, sometimes mushy, in the form of plugs, cloudy, yellowish, abundant or scanty. The palatine tonsils in chronic tonsillitis in children are usually large pink or red with a loose surface, in adults they are usually medium-sized or small (even hidden behind the arches), with a smooth pale or cyanotic surface and enlarged upper lacunae.

The rest of the pharyngoscopic signs of chronic tonsillitis are expressed to a greater or lesser extent, they are secondary and can be detected not only in chronic tonsillitis, but also in other inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, pharynx and paranasal sinuses. In some cases, an ECG, radiography of the paranasal sinuses may be required. Differential diagnosis

When differential diagnosis it should be borne in mind that some local and general signs characteristic of chronic tonsillitis can be caused by other foci of infection, for example, pharyngitis, gum disease, dental caries.

Chronic tonsillitis treatment

Drug-free treatment

They also apply the effect on the tonsils with a magnetic field using the "Pole-1" apparatus, which stimulates the production of antibodies in the tonsils and factors of nonspecific resistance.

Drug treatment

With favorable results, courses of conservative therapy are carried out 2-3 times a year. Conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis is used only as a palliative method. Chronic tonsillitis can be cured only by the complete elimination of the chronic focus of infection through bilateral tonsillectomy.

Surgery

The prognosis is generally good.

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(or rather, toxic-allergic) is one of the forms of chronic tonsillitis. It is worth understanding everything in order.

Tonsillitis is an inflammatory process in the palatine tonsils, which are composed of lymphoid tissue.

Pathogenic microflora (viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.), getting through the respiratory tract into the human body, meets on its way defenders in the form of gammaglobulin, lymphocytes, interferon. These substances are produced by the tonsils and lymph nodes.

The result of such a meeting, most often, is the death of harmful microorganisms, and nothing threatens human health.

But this is not always the case. If for some reason the protective substances cannot cope with the pathogenic agents, then viruses, bacteria, etc. on the surface of the tonsils multiply intensively.

The tonsils, as a result, become inflamed, their immune-protective ability is weakened. As a result, tonsillitis develops.

If acute inflammation of the tonsils (in other words, tonsillitis) occurs several times a year, that is, it has a frequent frequency, then tonsillitis becomes chronic.

The causes of chronic tonsillitis.

1. Frequent frequency of sore throats. As a rule, sore throats occur again and again due to improper or inadequate treatment. Some patients prescribe therapy to themselves, relying on "grandmother's" knowledge and not taking into account many of the nuances of the disease.
2. Oral infections: gingivitis, periodontal disease, stomatitis, etc. If these infections are not treated for a long time, then they perfectly contribute to the development of chronic tonsillitis, supplying the body with a new "portion" of microbes, bacteria, fungi, etc.
3. Nose infections. These include sinusitis, purulent sinusitis.
4. Disturbance of the respiratory function of the nose, which can occur due to polyps in the nasal passage, enlarged adenoids, a broken or deformed septum.
5. Tooth decay. In the formed tooth cavities, excellent conditions are created for the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria.
6. Heredity. Children whose parents have tonsillitis can inherit the condition.

All of the above reasons do not necessarily cause chronic tonsillitis (caries is found in 95% of the population, but not all suffer from tonsillitis).

They (the reasons) begin to manifest themselves seriously if the person's immune system is weakened. A number of factors affect the decrease in immunity.

1. Previous illnesses that have been treated with powerful medications or complex procedures.
2. Frequent hypothermia of the body (complete or partial).
3. High fatigue - physical or mental.
4. Tense nervous states of a person, depression, stress.
5. Lack of sleep, lack of adequate rest and, as a result, chronic fatigue.
6. Alcoholism, tobacco smoking, drug addiction. These habits are therefore called harmful, which significantly reduce immunity.
7. Harmful working conditions - increased dustiness, gas pollution, humidity in production. People who work in cryogenic plants also often suffer from tonsillitis.
8. Poor environmental situation. A large concentration of exhaust gases in large cities, industrial emissions into the atmosphere lead to an increase in the number of patients with chronic tonsillitis.

Having dealt with the causes of the disease, you should know what symptoms accompany it.

Distinctive features of the disease

Has a period of exacerbation and a time of remission. During an exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, certain symptoms appear.

1. Raw, severe sore throat felt in the tonsils and at the base of the tongue. The pain increases when swallowing.
2. Sensation of a foreign body in the throat
3. during the period of exacerbation can reach high performance (up to 41 ° C), during remission, a subfebrile temperature can be observed, that is, it rises only in the evening and reaches 37-38 ° C.
4. Bad breath is due to the presence of putrefactive formations on the tonsils in the form of gray-yellow lumps (caseous plugs).
5. Dizziness and headache. These symptoms manifest themselves due to the fact that the disease affects the cervical nerve plexuses and nodes.
6. Heart pains and palpitations.
7. High fatigue and weakness are common symptoms of chronic tonsillitis.

During remission, all symptoms are not as pronounced as during an exacerbation.

But symptoms alone are not enough to establish a correct diagnosis. Chronic tonsillitis has its own characteristic features.

1. The tonsils are enlarged and have a loose appearance.
2. On the surface of the tonsils, caseous plugs are visible, as well as pits that remained after their separation.
3. Cervical and submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged. On palpation, the patient feels severe pain.
4. The anterior and posterior palatine arches are swollen.
5. There is adhesion between the palatine tonsils and palatine arches.
6. The mucous membrane is sometimes reddened.

The described symptoms and signs give the doctor the right to diagnose chronic tonsillitis.

However, chronic tonsillitis has various forms of its manifestation. At different times, different medical scientists have proposed their own classifications of chronic tonsillitis.

Forms of chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis has the following forms:

1. Simple form.
2. Toxic-allergic form.

In turn, the toxic-allergic form is subdivided into:

• toxic-allergic form I degree;
• toxic-allergic form II degree.

It should be noted that any form of chronic tonsillitis can cause allergization and infection of the whole organism, since the pathogenic agents on the tonsils begin to "act" actively when the immunity decreases.

The simple form of chronic tonsillitis is characterized by the fact that the majority of patients (96%) suffer from frequent angina (2-3 times a year).

In this case, the recovery period becomes significantly longer, and the patient feels high fatigue and malaise.

In the simple form of chronic tonsillitis, the symptoms can be described as follows:

• tingling and mild sore throat;
• discomfort when swallowing;
• feeling of the presence of a foreign body;
• enlargement and swelling of the tonsils;
• [Bad smell] in the mouth.
• Intoxication is weak or absent at all.

During the period of remission, chronic tonsillitis of a simple form does not in any way affect the general condition of the patient, the work of other organs is not disturbed in any way due to tonsillitis.

But do not forget that chronic tonsillitis can burden the course of some diseases.

Toxic-allergic form I degree has the same symptoms as the simple form, the following signs are added to them:

• Low-grade fever;
• Headache;
• Muscle and joint pain;
• Weak condition and increased fatigue;
• Unwell and feeling unwell;
• Swelling and tenderness of the cervical lymph nodes;
• Interruptions in the work of the heart (tachycardia, arrhythmia) during an exacerbation. At the same time, there are no physiological changes in the heart. During remission, all these manifestations disappear.
• There may be small shifts in laboratory blood counts and immunological parameters (accelerated ESR, slight leukocytosis, etc.). However, these indicators are unstable and return to normal during the period of remission.

In case of toxic-allergic form I degree, patients suffer from angina more than 3 times a year, while the recovery periods after the illness are long.

Toxic-allergic form II degree has the same symptoms as form I, but here local and general diseases associated with allergic tonsillitis appear, which can seriously threaten not only the health, but even the life of the patient.

Therefore, the treatment of the toxic-allergic form of the II degree quite often comes down to the surgical removal of the tonsils, since the tonsils themselves become not defenders against infections, but their active focus.

This form has more than a hundred associated diseases. Below are some of them.

Associated diseases with allergic tonsillitis

Due to toxic-allergic tonsillitis, local associated diseases and general associated ailments can develop.

Local associated diseases

• • Paratonsillar abscess (phlegmonous tonsillitis). The disease is characterized by the fact that suppuration occurs in the tissues near the amygdala. In this case, the amygdala is greatly enlarged, one-sided edema of the soft palate is observed. The patient's voice becomes nasal, the head is constantly tilted towards the inflammation. In this case, the person experiences severe pain. Surgery is required to treat this disease.
  • Parapharyngitis, or parapharyngeal phlegmon. Here, inflammation occurs in the tissues of the periopharyngeal space. Often the disease acts as a complication of a paratonsillar abscess. In this case, the patient may experience a sharp pain not only in the throat, but also in the teeth and ear. A sharp movement of the head leads to unbearable painful sensations. If the parapharyngeal abscess is not opened in time, then even more severe complications will appear: mediastinitis, purulent parotitis.

Common diseases associated with toxic-allergic tonsillitis

Here is an even more extensive list, since these diseases cover almost all organs and systems of a person.

The most common ones are as follows:

• • • Collagen diseases (diseases in which diffuse damage to connective tissues and blood vessels occurs due to collagen damage). Among them are systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarthritis, rheumatism, dermatomyositis, etc.
    • Diseases of the cardiovascular system occur due to the fact that the disease-causing streptococcus produces antigens similar to those of the heart. As a result, the immune system "goes astray" and begins to fight with its own antigens. As a result, myocarditis, endocarditis, and heart defects develop.
    • Kidney disease occurs for the same reason as cardiovascular disease. The result can be such serious ailments as glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the renal glomeruli), pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), renal failure, nephritonephrosis, etc.
    • Skin diseases. According to statistics, psoriasis is diagnosed in patients with allergic tonsillitis. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between exacerbations of tonsillitis and increased manifestations of psoriasis.
    • Non-specific lung diseases. With allergic tonsillitis, chronic pneumonia is often exacerbated. Periobronchitis directly depends on the inflammatory processes in the tonsils.
    • Diseases of the eyes. Often in patients with allergic tonsillitis, myopia (myopia) is diagnosed, and Behcet's disease may also appear, which is fraught with the development of atrophy. optic nerve, secondary glaucoma and, as a consequence, partial or complete loss of vision.
    • Reproductive system diseases. With allergic tonsillitis, the hormonal background may be disturbed, endometriosis, adenomatosis, and uterine fibroids may appear.
    • Endocrine system diseases. With the inflammatory process of the tonsils, it can suffer thyroid - its hormone-forming function increases, which leads to excess weight or weight loss, impaired appetite, the appearance of thirst, profuse sweating, etc.
    • Diseases of the nervous system. Against the background of allergic tonsillitis, migraines, Meniere's syndrome, Raynaud's syndrome may appear.

So, it becomes clear that chronic tonsillitis in its toxic-allergic form is a dangerous disease.

Treatment should be taken very seriously and we hope you never know the symptoms of allergic tonsillitis.

Tonsillitis is a disease that manifests itself as inflammation in the tonsils. The tonsils are located on the sides at the exit from the pharynx, so the problem can be easily seen in the photo. Tonsillitis can occur in two forms: acute and chronic. As a complication of tonsillitis, tonsillitis appears, it is characterized by more serious and pronounced symptoms.

Chronic tonsillitis is a common problem. Children are more exposed to the problem, among children 14% of the population suffer from the chronic form, among adults - 5-7%.

The causes of primary tonsillitis are as follows:

• violations of new breathing;
• minitrauma of the tonsil tissue;
• infectious diseases that disrupt the integrity of the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx;
• foci of chronic inflammation in the oral cavity and head area, for example: caries, periodontal disease, sinusitis, adenoids.

In addition, bacteria and viruses enter the oral cavity from the external environment. A weak immune system is not able to protect the body, then a disease occurs. A decrease in immunity provokes not only inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, but also the conditions of modern life: malnutrition, polluted air, stress, etc.

Tonsillitis is caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. The disease can be transmitted by airborne droplets; infection by the fecal-oral route is much less common. In the chronic form of tonsillitis, it is not dangerous to others.

Chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis is also divided into two forms: compensated and decompensated. In the first case, only local symptoms are inherent. The body copes with inflammation to a greater extent, therefore a person only feels discomfort in the throat. In the second case, there is a general deterioration in the condition. Also against the background of the disease may develop:

• paratonsillitis;
• paratonsillar abscess;
• angina;
• diseases of other body systems.

During acute form diseases and with exacerbation of chronic, the body temperature rises, pain in the joints, headache appears, when swallowing, there is a sore throat, lymph nodes increase.

The diagnosis takes into account the patient's complaints and indicators of clinical laboratory research. Symptoms are unpleasant sensations in the throat, often painful, sensations can be of a different nature: perspiration, burning, feeling of a lump in the throat. The photo shows that there are curd masses in the throat on the tonsils, they are the reason unpleasant odor from mouth.

In the patient's card, you can find data on private tonsillitis. Most often, an exacerbation occurs after drinking cold or hot drinks, after hypothermia and colds. Thus, the doctor must understand that such factors are not the root cause of the disease, but as a consequence of chronic tonsillitis.

The photo shows that with tonsillitis, yellow dots appear on the tonsils. During an exacerbation, this symptom is absent. This means that there is a follicular abscess.

If you press on the tonsil, then purulent contents will come out of it. This happens when purulent plugs soften. A large number of bacteria accumulate in the lacunae of the tonsils, their appearance and shape can be analyzed in laboratory conditions.

Treatment of acute and chronic tonsillitis

First of all, for treatment in a hospital, it is necessary to wash the lacunae of the tonsils in order to get rid of bacteria and remove purulent plugs. At home, you will need to continue treatment and gargle with disinfectant solutions and decoctions herbs. Used "Miramistin" and "Chlorhexidine". It is imperative to prescribe antibiotics, depending on the nature of the bacteria. Many pathogens are sensitive to the drug "Rovamycin". Of the penicillins, Panclav is effective.

Not only the nature of the pathogen is taken into account, but also the age of the patient, the frequency of exacerbations and the severity of symptoms. Methods and effectiveness of previous treatment are evaluated. After that, further actions are planned: to treat conservatively or promptly. The operation is recommended only for decompensated form.

The order of treatment is as follows:

• removal of purulent plugs and washing the lacunae of the tonsils;
• gargling with medicines and herbal decoctions;
• taking antibiotics (with exacerbation);
• quantum therapy to strengthen immunity;
• physiotherapy methods;
• inhalation;
• filling of gaps with antiseptics (according to the method of Tkach Yu.N.).

Surgical treatment is advisable for frequent exacerbations and painful symptoms. The tonsils are removed, which is called tonsillectomy in medicine. Doctors try not to carry out this kind of operation, since this leads to a decrease in local immunity.

Operative intervention

Chronic tonsillitis is an unsafe disease. If you postpone her treatment in a distant box, then complications can spread to the heart and joints, endocarditis, pyelonephritis may develop.

The tonsils are removed if the following problems are present:

• exacerbation occurs more than 2 times a year;
• exacerbations are accompanied by painful symptoms;
• there are complications in the heart or joints.

The methods of treatment are effective: laser removal of tonsils or cryosurgical method, when the tonsils are frozen.

The operation is not performed if there is cardiovascular or renal failure, diabetes mellitus, hemophilia, infectious diseases, pregnancy, menstruation. Treatment is carried out three weeks after exacerbation.

It is possible to talk about a completely cured chronic form of tonsillitis when an exacerbation does not occur for two years.

Treating children is different from treating adults. In childhood, lymphocytes are actively produced, in the process of which the tonsils with the entire lymphatic system are involved. therefore you can't start the diseasebecause the tonsils should be healthy and complete.

Chronic angina

Chronic tonsillitis occurs as a consequence of chronic tonsillitis. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and throat is constantly infected. With any external or internal adverse effect, an aggravation occurs and angina appears.

When a pathogen is exposed to the tonsils for a long time, they cease to perform their protective function, local immunity weakens. Chronic tonsillitis is the cause of persistent pharyngitis, bronchitis and other diseases of the throat and upper respiratory tract if the infection goes down.

Heart disease appears as complications, the disease negatively affects gastrointestinal tract... The latter are much more difficult to deal with. The patient will have carefully monitor your health and carry out preventive measures throughout life.

The symptoms of exacerbated tonsillitis are closely intertwined with the symptoms of angina. The patient complains about:

• discomfort in the throat;
• increased body temperature and chills;
• intoxication;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• the photo shows a white coating on the tonsils.

During the course of the chronic form of angina, the symptoms are not pronounced. The patient feels weakness, discomfort in the throat, when swallowing, a lump in the throat is felt. Such symptoms may last for several days and then disappear without medication. At the same time, the infection is constantly in the body and negatively affects health.

In children, chronic tonsillitis is more pronounced. Constantly arise colds... The tissue of the tonsils undergoes changes, it swells, becomes loose, palatine souls become denser. From mouth an unpleasant smell comes outcaused by traffic jams in gaps.

Treatment of angina with alternative methods

When treating, do not neglect the methods traditional medicine... During the non-exacerbation period, in the morning and in the evening, rinse the throat with herbal decoctions and saline solution, this will help reduce the risk of exacerbation. If possible massage of the neck area and breasts. To improve immunity, the following are used: ginseng, echinacea, chamomile, garlic, propolis.

Many herbs are used for rinsing treatment, for example: chamomile, horsetail, marshmallow, linden, oregano, oak bark, sage, black elderberry, peppermint, fennel fruits.

You can independently prepare infusions for rinsing and inhalation. There are a few effective recipes for the treatment of angina.

The first is prepared as follows: crushed aloe leaves are covered with sugar and infused for three days. Then the mixture of leaves is filled with 40% alcohol in a 1: 1 ratio and infused for 3 more days. The tincture is used every day, 50 drops of the tincture are used per glass of water.

St. John's wort flowers (20 g) are poured with 100 ml of 70% alcohol, in this state the mixture is left for 2 weeks. In a glass of water, 40 drops of the tincture are diluted and taken every day.

A powerful remedy for chronic angina and other diseases is eucalyptus tincture, it is sold in the pharmacy. One spoonful of tincture is diluted in a glass of water.

For treatment, you can use sea buckthorn and fir oils. They are applied directly to the tonsils with a cotton swab for 1-2 weeks.