What does high blood sugar mean. What is diabetes mellitus and what types are there? Laboratory symptoms of high blood sugar.
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High Blood Sugar Low Insulin: High blood sugar requires hard work on the pancreas to counter dangerous levels. In case of insulin deficiency - deficiency or lack of production, the hormone should be added and medication required due to the onset of symptoms of diabetes. Low blood sugar high insulin: For blood sugar levels below the normal range, we spoke in the hypoglycemic analysis. With low blood sugar, there is a risk of shock and falling into a coma; This situation may arise as a result of an incorrect calculated dose of insulin, which is higher than necessary for control and control previously. advanced level blood sugar. Too strong effect high insulin causes a sharp drop in sugar, i.e. hypoglycemia. High Blood Sugar High Insulin: This is a state of insulin resistance. High blood glucose levels stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin, but the insulin receptors in the liver and muscles do not respond and the sugar peak remains untamed. The pancreas is responsible for the remaining high levels sugar and produces more and more insulin, which, however, turns out to be useless. Whether the conditions of hypoglycemia are occasional or associated with a serious health problem, research should be shown.
14 Early Signs Your Blood Sugar Is VERY High
Are you constantly hungry? Gained weight despite cutting calories? Or maybe lately you have noticed that something is wrong with your stomach? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then your blood sugar levels may be high.
The first thing a patient can do for themselves is hypothesize low blood sugar - some of the symptoms described - they will do a blood test to see what the values are. Another study is. Glucose tolerance test. Recommended for reactive hypoglycemia. Blood glucose and insulin levels are recorded in a specific mode. In the 72-hour hypoglycemic test, it was decided to analyze the data collected during the 72-hour hunger monitoring. Blood glucose levels are measured over hours, and insulin levels are also noted every 6 hours.
Many people mistakenly think that "high sugar" is only possible in people with diabetes. In fact, sugar can rise from certain foods, and it's not just about candy, soda, and cakes. Of particular danger is the increased level of sugar, which maintains its position for a long time. This can lead to diabetes and other health problems. Knowledge of symptoms high sugar in the blood will help you take the necessary steps that will keep your sugar under control.
The test is terminated at the first symptoms of hypoglycemia and the onset of immediate intravenous administration. In case of suspicion of anomalies caused by various tumors, x-rays and ultrasound examinations. When it comes to blood sugar testing, the test is usually assumed to suggest high readings, but low blood sugar is also a major concern and tests are required for an accurate diagnosis. In this case, the general conditions of the blood sugar test also apply, and the tests can be a random or random test, following a certain diet, fasting, etc.
What are the causes of high blood sugar?
There may be several of them:
- poor nutrition;
- lack of regular exercise;
- stress;
- certain health problems;
- taking some medicines.
What are the symptoms of high blood sugar?
Baseline and blood glucose levels
A blood sample can be taken from capillary blood from a finger or venous, with some minor differences in results, acceptable. Blood sugar studies show its value in different situations - fasting after a meal; in a glucose tolerance test, changes in the indicator can be reported within an hour, two or more after taking a control dose of glucose to test the hypothesis of diabetes, etc. in the study, each laboratory reports its control values for the results of a particular study, which depends on the methodologies used and the equipment of the laboratory base.
Elevated blood sugar is not always a sign of diabetes. This is just one of the symptoms of diabetes. In fact, a person experiencing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) may not feel any symptoms at all.
However, these symptoms may indicate high sugar levels:
- increased thirst;
- dry mouth;
- constant feeling of hunger;
- frequent urination, incl. at night;
- dry/itchy skin;
- fatigue during the day;
- difficulty concentrating;
- fast weight gain;
- recurrent infections;
- blurred vision;
- impotence;
- slow healing of cuts and wounds;
- problems with the nervous system;
- stomach problems.
Use a low glycemic index food list to reduce symptoms of high blood sugar
After eating foods containing carbohydrates, blood sugar levels rise. In response to this in the body healthy person a certain amount of insulin is produced, which is responsible for converting this sugar into energy. The rate at which a food raises blood sugar levels is called glycemic index(GI). The glycemic index scale consists of 100 units, where 0 is the minimum and 100 is the maximum. The higher this index, the faster the product is absorbed.
For values below the specified lower limit, analyze symptomatic manifestation hypoglycemic conditions. People who are at risk of developing hypoglycemic syndrome should be sure to monitor their condition and take the recommended blood glucose control measurements. They need to know situations in which a crisis can occur and avoid them, and if this happens, make a decision and know what to do. Already at the first symptoms, some simple steps can be taken to give you time to provide competent assistance.
Foods with a high GI are digested and absorbed quickly, resulting in noticeable fluctuations in blood sugar levels. On the contrary, low GI foods are slowly digested and absorbed, which contributes to a gradual rise in blood sugar levels.
All cells of the human body contain sugar (glucose), which is their main source of energy, which is especially important for the normal functioning of red blood cells and nerve cells. In order for the blood glucose level to be within the physiological limits (from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l), it is regulated by the physiological processes of carbohydrate metabolism and the interaction of the nervous and endocrine systems.
If the described symptoms occur, and the person experiencing them is aware of what is happening, something sweet should be eaten - sweets or a lump of sugar, fruit juice, something that is high in fast carbohydrates. Relatives of a person with such a problem should also know what is done in such cases, and are ready to provide first aid. Patients themselves, when they leave home, should have a medical card - what they are suffering and who they ask to do if they get sick or faint.
In diabetics, hypoglycemia can occur as a result of drinking alcohol or skipping meals, so you should strictly follow the diet, take the recommended medications in a timely manner to avoid severe physical stress and stress. Hypoglycemia is a diet that focuses on proteins and complex carbohydrates.
With an increase in blood sugar, at first no changes are felt or the patient does not attach importance to them, but at the same time, destructive changes occur in his body. Therefore, in order to maintain health, you need to know what symptoms can appear with an increase in blood glucose levels.
How to find out about high blood sugar?
The main warning signs of elevated content blood sugar are:
If such crises occur two or more times a week, treatment and more serious measures should be consulted. People with hypoglycemia may become unconscious; In such a case, the medical intervention is a dose of glucagon that increases blood glucose levels.
Standard treatment, medicines, homeopathy
Treatment for hypoglycemia is very dependent on the problem that is causing it, so it's important to know why it happens. If the blood glucose deficiency is due to hormonal problems, an endocrinologist should be consulted to attack the cause rather than the effect of hypoglycemia. If the cause is too high, a blood glucose lowering drug for diabetes, it is recommended to consult with your insulin or other recommended medications.
increased urination with an increase in the amount of urine excreted;
constant strong thirst and dry mouth, including at night;
fatigue, lethargy and severe weakness;
nausea, rarely vomiting;
persistent headaches;
sudden weight loss;
may arise sharp deterioration vision.
With significant fluctuations in blood glucose levels:
In acute hypoglycemic attacks, the recommended snacking may not only be insufficient, but also impossible if the patient is unconscious and unable to swallow. In such cases, the solution is an intravenous infusion of glucose, which occurs in a hospital setting with a rapid response to the situation. He usually helps subcutaneous injection 1 ml adrenaline and muscle injection with 1-2 ml glucagon.
Herbs for hypoglycemia, traditional medicine
Benefit from the often labeled lecithin, which helps digest fat-soluble vitamins. Consultation with a physician's homeopath may direct therapy towards the use of medicinal herbs that counteract various functional abnormalities and also help restore normal sugar metabolism. The most useful in this case are the roots - dandelion, ginseng, sweet root and juniper berries.
when falling below 3.1 mmol/l;
with an increase of more than 30 mmol / l;
life-threatening conditions may develop, which are manifested by convulsions, respiratory and cardiac disorders. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner if symptoms appear that may indicate hyperglycemia.
Fatigue may indicate an increase in blood sugar
A positive effect is achieved by tea and infusions of hips, blackberries, lemon, strawberries. Here are other useful plants that can help achieve a positive effect: white yarrow, calendula, St. John's wort, thyme, chokeberry. Some of them act indirectly, balancing work gastrointestinal tract and thereby contributing to the normal and regular digestion of foods.
Low blood sugar nutrition, diet
Here's how to make an effervescent potion for hypoglycemia. One tablespoon is cut, poured into two glasses of hot water and boiled for 15 minutes in a water bath.
- Immediately after this, the potion becomes tensed.
- Drink half a cup twice a day, sweetened to taste.
Causes of high blood sugar
Blood glucose levels may change:
Short-term during physiological processes in the body (increased physical activity, stressful situations), which is associated with an increase in energy metabolism in cells or when eating a large amount of carbohydrates in food;
Short-term in pathological conditions:
Equally important is a diet appropriate to the diagnosis. Nutrition is an important part of treatment. For hypoglycemia, meals should be regular, at the same time, at least five times a day. Every three hours, you should eat small portions of foods saturated with the appropriate ingredients. And they are correct brown rice, fish, cabbage, fruit juices, peanut butter, wholemeal salted biscuits, dairy products, honey, walnuts. This will support normal level blood sugar.
Hypoglycemia, low blood sugar: why it's dangerous. Up to 9 millimoles is a normal fasting blood sugar level, more high value indicates a problem, says Dr. Miglena Tomova. Are patients with this disease increasing, how to find out if we are at risk, what complications are leading us, we asked Dr. Miglena Tomova - an endocrinologist in the Department of Internal Medicine of the Trakia Hospital, with the second level of competence and about 360 people go through it.
with an increase in body temperature (viral, bacterial and colds);
with persistent pain syndrome;
with burns;
against the background of the development of an epileptic seizure.
- A persistent increase in blood sugar can occur:
with pathological processes of the gastrointestinal tract;
with liver pathology;
Patients without risk factors should have regular annual preventive examinations. Patients at risk may be tested twice a year and, at the discretion of the GP, consult with a specialist. Among them are people over 45 with a sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity - with a body mass index higher than those who have direct relatives with diabetes, women with abnormal level blood sugar during pregnancy as well AND those who have given birth to children over 4 pounds.
Other risk groups include treatment with corticosteroids and antipsychotics, polycystic ovarian women, patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease, lipid changes. What is a normal blood sugar level? In the range of 0 to 9 in a fasting state, glucose overload is needed. This is a diagnostic test that proves whether a person has diabetes or not. It uses 75 g of powdered glucose dissolved in a glass of water and tests the sugar at zero and 120 minutes.
with inflammatory diseases of the endocrine glands (pancreas, hypothalamus, adrenal glands and pituitary gland);
at hormonal imbalance in connection with the development of endocrinopathies and during pregnancy.
Also one of the reasons for a persistent and prolonged increase in blood sugar is diabetes.
Another marker, which last years entered en masse, is the measurement glycated hemoglobin. It is believed that more than 5% - we have diabetes. - Are there any diseases that can cause diabetes? Yes, these are diseases in which we have increased the function thyroid gland, Cushing's syndrome, in which more hormones are released from the adrenal glands. Polycystic ovaries also lead to insulin resistance as well as metabolic syndrome. It includes obesity, large periphery abdominal cavity, high blood pressure, elevated uric acid, abnormal fat metabolism.
Blood sugar can rise due to stress
Symptoms of high blood sugar
Signs of increased blood sugar appear gradually, and loved ones in most cases notice them earlier.
These symptoms include:
increased appetite (polyphagia) with a constant feeling of hunger and persistent weight loss;
drowsiness, blurred vision, marked weakness with irritability and sullenness;
numbness of the hands and feet;
the occurrence of skin itching, dermatitis, furunculosis;
slow wound healing;
frequent, recurrent inflammatory diseases of the female genital area (bacterial and fungal vaginal infections, causeless itching in the vagina and impotence.
Symptoms of Latent Diabetes
Often, an increase in blood sugar occurs without the manifestation of the main symptoms and signs. And patients feel absolutely normal for a long time, but at the same time, a latent form of diabetes (latent diabetes) develops in the body.
This disease is often diagnosed during preventive examinations or when patients present with other complaints - frequent fatigue, decreased vision or slow healing of wounds and the addition of purulent inflammation.
An increase in blood glucose levels significantly reduces immunity, and the body becomes vulnerable to the development of various infections, and damage to small vessels (microangiopathy) causes disturbances in the normal nutrition of tissues and very slow healing of various skin and mucous membrane injuries.
Latent diabetes can be detected by testing carbohydrate tolerance.
The risk groups for diabetes include:
women suffering from polycystic ovaries;
people with low level potassium in the blood, especially often this disease develops in patients arterial hypertension, due to the fact that an increase in pressure contributes to frequent urination and excretion of potassium from the body;
overweight or obese patients;
with a hereditary predisposition to the development of diabetes;
women who had a temporary form of diabetes during pregnancy.
If an increase in blood sugar due to an increase in glucose tolerance (prediabetes) is detected in time and taken necessary measures by its elimination - the development of the disease can be avoided.
How to eliminate the signs of high blood sugar?
The presence of signs of an increase in blood sugar requires timely examination, determination of the cause and the appointment of high-quality treatment, otherwise irreversible changes in tissues and organs may develop in the patient's body - vascular disease, neuropathy, sluggish infectious processes, skin diseases, sleep disturbances and depressive states.
Therefore, if one or more specific symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a general practitioner, and then an endocrinologist.
This visit will help determine what causes the increase in blood sugar, whether drug therapy, herbal preparations are necessary, or if it is enough to change the diet and lifestyle. In most cases, the right approach to nutrition, the elimination of stressful situations and uniform physical activity make it possible to reduce blood sugar to normal levels.
High blood sugar in diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is manifested by the main clinical symptoms:
dry mouth and thirst (polydipsia);
frequent, profuse urination (polyuria), sometimes exceeding three liters of urine per day;
increased appetite (polyphagia) with progressive weight loss.
Diabetes mellitus or diabetes mellitus is characterized by a long-term persistent increase in blood sugar, and when certain indicators are exceeded, glucose appears in the urine.
Also, this disease is manifested by additional symptoms - increased fatigue, drowsiness, decreased performance, persistent headaches, irritability, various types of sleep disorders, dizziness, skin itching, a bright blush of the cheeks, night pains in the limbs and cramps in the calf muscles. There may be numbness of the extremities, paresthesia, seizures, nausea, less often vomiting, spastic pain in the abdomen, an increased tendency to inflammatory diseases of the skin, oral cavity, urinary tract, kidneys, which often transform into a chronic form.
diabetes mellitus in pregnant women
In the body of a woman during pregnancy, hormonal changes occur and this leads to the development of physiological resistance of many tissues to the action of insulin and diabetes mellitus in pregnant women develops.
This pathological condition stands out as a separate form of diabetes mellitus - preeclampsia, which is first diagnosed according to laboratory parameters during pregnancy and, as a rule, proceeds without clinical manifestations.
Therefore, it is especially important to prescribe and monitor blood sugar levels in pregnant women. It is important to remember that with the development of this pathology in the early stages of pregnancy, the risk of the formation of multiple malformations in the fetus (diabetic fetopathy), often incompatible with life, which lead to early miscarriages, may be realized. With a late manifestation of diabetes mellitus in a pregnant woman and / or in the absence of normalization of elevated blood glucose levels, it is possible to develop organic lesions organs of the fetus congenital cataract, heart defects, cerebral palsy.
Diabetes in pregnant women occurs due to hormonal changes in the body
The risk group includes pregnant women:
with a family predisposition (diabetes mellitus in the next of kin);
with obesity;
with arterial hypertension;
with a history of chronic miscarriage;
patients whose pregnancy proceeds against the background of polycystic ovaries or mastopathy.
Diabetes mellitus in pregnant women most often develops in the period from the 4th to the 8th month of pregnancy, so women at risk should be examined by an endocrinologist and constantly monitor blood sugar.
Diabetes mellitus in children
V childhood a severe form of diabetes develops - type 1 diabetes mellitus and the incidence of this pathology is growing from year to year. Therefore, with any manifestations of signs of an increase in blood sugar in a child, it is necessary to consult the baby with a doctor and examine the child. The severity of the diagnosis is associated with a long asymptomatic period of diabetes mellitus in childhood and the manifestation of symptoms of the disease is already severe with the development of coma, eye vascular lesions, nervous system, oral mucosa and skin.
In pediatrics, diabetes mellitus is manifested by typical symptoms:
Dry mouth and thirst;
Fatigue and constant feeling of hunger;
Frequent and profuse urination;
with an absolute, acute deficiency of insulin secretion.
The main symptoms are explained by the pathogenesis of the development of sugar diabetes. The kidneys need a large amount of fluid to remove the high blood sugar level many times over. At the same time, both the volume of urine and the frequency of urination increase, which leads to a significant loss of fluid and is manifested by severe thirst, dry mouth, and subsequently dryness of the skin and visible mucous membranes. At the same time, the cells of organs and systems do not receive the glucose necessary for their normal functioning, and patients eat a lot, because of the constant feeling of hunger, but at the same time they lose weight.
Children can also get diabetes
Rules of conduct for high blood sugar
If the increase in blood sugar is caused by the development and progression of diabetes, especially important aspect is mandatory daily monitoring of blood glucose levels and strict adherence to diet, physical activity and prescribed medications.
To achieve a stable blood sugar level in diabetes, you need to follow these rules:
adhere to a diet and established meal plan;
constant monitoring of the sugar level with a portable glycometer, with the obligatory recording of the results obtained;
do ordinary things with habitual physical activity and a special course of physical exercises;
do not stop taking the prescribed pills and / or insulin;
if symptoms of high blood sugar appear or worsen, you should urgently consult your endocrinologist for a consultation;
ignoring the negative dynamics of the disease can lead to acute complications of diabetes mellitus - various types comatose states.
Blood sugar levels can be controlled
Strict control of indicators is indicated both in diabetes mellitus and in metabolic syndromes and impaired glucose tolerance:
for the necessary correction of doses of drugs (especially important for insulin therapy);
in order not to miss the development of pathological changes that threaten health and life (diabetic coma or hypoglycemic state while taking medications).
