Tizalud is a popular drug. Many patients are familiar with it as a powerful pain reliever that is used for spasms or muscle cramps. Experts attribute Thizalud to a group of muscle relaxants that relax the nerve ganglia. Most often, this medicine is prescribed for pathologies of muscle tissue.

The action of the drug is explained by the inhibition of presynaptic receptors, due to which the activity of amino acids decreases. These cells interfere with other receptors that block the production of prostaglandins. Due to this, the neurons in the spine are inhibited, the person gets rid of painful sensations.

Tizalud is a drug that experts classify as a muscle relaxant central action... The greater effect of the medication is on the spinal cord. Active ingredients drugs increase the production of adrenergic receptors, which suppress the production of specific amino acids. They slow you down spinal cord, due to which his nervous excitability is significantly reduced. Because of this, a person gets rid of serious painful sensations, his muscle tone gradually returns to normal.

Tizalud not only stops and slows down the nerve ganglia, but also fights painful sensations.

This medication is often used to treat muscle spasms caused by spinal and cerebral lesions. The medicine reduces resistance to passive movements, due to which the number of spasms decreases, the activity of movements increases. After a few days of regular use, a person feels much better, he gets rid of stiffness and limited movement.

When a drug enters the human bloodstream, it is rapidly absorbed by all organs and tissues. Only half of all nutrients from the drug affect the body. You can take the medicine regardless of food intake - this does not in any way affect the effectiveness or safety of therapy. The metabolism in the body occurs rapidly, the components of the tablets are rapidly digested and after 2-3 hours they are half excreted from the body.

Most of the active components of Tizaluda are excreted from the body through the liver. If a person has renal impairment, the elimination half-life can be about 12 hours. All components of the drug are excreted naturally after processing in the liver. Keep in mind that people with kidney disease do not need to review therapy. Based on diagnostic data, your attending physician can make adjustments to the prescribed treatment tactics.

Indications for use

Tizalud is a popular drug that has powerful analgesic effects. It is also known as a means of normalizing metabolism. nerve impulses... Most often, this medicine is prescribed for the following pathologies:

• Diseases of the spine of a neurological and degenerative nature;
• Skeletal muscle plasticity;
• Stretching the muscles of the back;
• Cerebral paralysis.

Tizalud should be taken with extreme caution. It is best that such therapy is prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. You should not use the drug as an independent therapy, because improper use of the drug can lead to the development of serious complications.

Use Tizalud with extreme caution. Remember to stick to the prescribed dose so as not to provoke an overdose. An overdose occurs when a too large dose of the drug is taken at the same time. It can be recognized by the following features:

• Decrease blood pressure;
• Nausea and vomiting
• Drowsiness and lethargy;
• Anxiety, excessive excitability;
• Bradycardia;
• Headache and dizziness;
• Miosis and distress;
• Lengthening of the QT gap;
• Coma development.

To stop the manifestations of an overdose with Tizalud, you must immediately flush the stomach with a solution of activated carbon.

This will help to reduce the concentration of active ingredients, as well as get rid of discomfort. To stop the malaise at home, you need to drink as much clean water as possible. Subsequently, symptomatic therapy of such symptoms is carried out.

Side effects

In case of individual intolerance to the components or incorrect administration of the medication, the patient may experience serious side effects... If you notice their formation, stop therapy immediately. Most often, patients complain about:

• Headache, decreased blood pressure;
• Excessive fatigue;
• Drowsiness;
• Disorders in the digestive tract;
• Dizziness;
• Feeling of dry mouth.

Studies have shown that most of the side effects of Tizalud are experienced by people who use it to treat muscle spasms.

If the patient has spasticity, lower doses of the medication are prescribed. Otherwise, he develops anxiety, blood pressure drops significantly. Very rarely, therapy causes muscle weakness, sleep disturbance, hallucinations.

Mode of application

Tizanidine is a component that is active ingredient as part of Tizaluda. The medicine reduces muscle tone, increases the tone of skeletal tissue. At the same time, this helps to reduce their resistance to movement. Experts say that this effect is due to a decrease in the amount of amino acids in the bloodstream. Keep in mind that this change does not affect the neuromuscular connections. Thanks to this, you will not feel any changes and will not aggravate the development of degenerative processes.

To get rid of soreness in the muscles, 1-2 tablets of Tizaluda are prescribed three times a day. Such treatment helps to get rid of many neurological diseases, and also stops degenerative changes in the spinal cord. Quite often, doctors prescribe Tizalud as a therapy for multiple sclerosis or lesions of the spinal column.

If you can't take the pill itself, you can crush it into a fine powder and dilute it in a little clean water.

Use by pregnant and lactating women

At the moment, there is no exact data on the effect of the drug on the body of lactating and pregnant women. It is because of this that Tizalud is not appointed to this category of citizens. The only exception is situations when it is impossible to cure any deviation without the help of this drug. Keep in mind that the components of Tizaloud actively penetrate into breast milk... It is because of this that during therapy with this medicine, the child needs to be weaned for a while. It is not recommended to carry out treatment with Tizalud in children and adolescents.

special instructions

Tizalud is a drug that affects concentration and reaction speed. It is for this reason that it is not worth working for complex mechanisms or drive vehicles while using this drug. If you experience side effects, you should immediately consult a doctor. Studies have shown that liver weakness is the most common cause of malaise.

If the side effects bother you constantly, you need to see your doctor to change the dose or the drug itself.

Long-term administration of Tizalud produces the greatest changes in the liver. It can provoke an increase in transaminase levels. If its concentration rises 3 times higher than the norm, the use of the drug is terminated immediately. With renal dysfunction, it is permissible to take Tizalud in a dose of no more than 1 capsule per day.

Over time, the dosage may be increased, but this should be done under the supervision of a doctor.

It has been proven that it is not recommended to combine the intake of Tizalud and B vitamins. The active components, when interacting with each other, significantly reduce their activity, which is why such a therapy does not make any sense. If you take Tizalud for more than six months, you may develop side effects in the form of permanently low blood pressure. Such treatment requires regular visits to the doctor and blood tests. The drug can lead to serious changes in the human body.

M.03.B.X Other centrally acting muscle relaxants

M.03.B.X.02 Tizanidine

Treatment of pathologies associated with functional impairment spine and increased muscle tone, requires the use of antispastic drugs. This group of drugs includes Tizalud, which is an effective muscle relaxant.

General characteristics of the drug

Tizalud refers to adrenomimetics - stimulants (agonists) of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors. This group of substances has the following properties:

• cause depolarization of synaptic fibers, which leads to relaxation of smooth muscles;
• help to reduce the release of norepinephrine;
• inhibit the activity of vascular activity, which reduces heart rate and leads to the expansion of blood vessels.

The main therapeutic value is the muscle relaxant effect of the drug. Its activity is aimed at suppressing polysynaptic reflexes of the spinal cord and relaxing the muscle frame.

Tizalud is a muscle relaxant, the action of which is aimed at reducing the tone of the flexor and extensor muscles.

The mechanism of action of the drug is to block the transmission of impulses between neurons. The active substance inhibits the release of neurotransmitter glutamic acid and acts directly on neurotransmitter receptors, causing a cellular response. As a result of the blockade of spinal synaptic impulses, the contraction of skeletal muscles stops.

Indications for use

Tizalud is prescribed for the treatment of diseases that are accompanied by functional disorders of muscle tone and the appearance of muscle spasm. pharmachologic effect the drug is expressed in a decrease in the hypertonicity of the dorsal muscle frame. The therapeutic effect is also due to the analgesic effect of a muscle relaxant in the presence of muscle pain.

The drug is used to treat myofascial syndrome and has analgesic properties

The drug is prescribed for the treatment of the following pathologies:

The positive effect of the drug is also manifested in the relief of headaches. Pain relief is observed both in pain with tension in the muscles of the scalp, and in the presence of cervicogenic (reflected) headaches.

Indications for the use of Tizaluda include its use in the treatment of opium (heroin) drug addiction. It is prescribed to reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms. Also, the effectiveness of the drug has been confirmed in the presence of phantom pain.

Composition and form of release

The active ingredient of Tizaluda is tizanidine, which belongs to pharmacological group muscle relaxants of central action. The main difference between the drug and other similar drugs is the possibility of oral administration.

One tablet contains:

It is produced in the form of scored biconvex tablets, white or yellowish, and in the form of capsules. Produced by Veropharm, Teva, Novartis.

Instructions for use

A medicinal product containing tizanidine is intended for course use. The duration of the course can be from 3 days to several months. The dosage of the drug depends on the diagnosis and the severity of the pain syndrome. According to the instructions, it is better to take the medicine after a meal or during a meal, in order to avoid the appearance of negative symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract.

There are several treatment regimens with Tizalud:

The best result in the treatment with Tizalud is achieved in the composition complex therapy... It is recommended to carry out therapy with the simultaneous administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Contraindications and special conditions

The use of Tizaloud has several limitations. The drug is contraindicated in the following cases:

• intolerance to the components of the drug;
• concomitant use with agents containing fluvoxamine and other inhibitors of CYP1A2 isoenzymes;
• severe form of hepatic and renal pathologies.

The presence of arterial hypotension may be a contraindication for taking the medication. Tizalud tends to lower blood pressure and reduce heart rate, which is also a limitation if the patient has bradycardia.

It is not recommended to prescribe treatment with tizanidine during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. With caution, therapy is carried out in childhood as there is insufficient clinical safety data for child's body... In old age, more careful dose selection and control of creatinine clearance are required.

Side effects

Treatment with Tizalud may be accompanied by some changes in the nervous, cardiovascular and digestive systems. These include the following side effects:

Tizalud causes a slowdown in psychomotor reactions

The interaction of the active active ingredient with antihypertensive drugs contributes to the development of bradycardia and a strong drop in blood pressure.

When taken simultaneously with sedatives, the effect of the latter is enhanced. Tablets containing tizanidine should not be mixed with alcohol, in order to avoid inhibition of the reaction.

Drug analogs

In pharmacies, an assortment of muscle relaxants is presented, the main active ingredient of which is tizanidine. The table shows some analogues of Tizaluda and their approximate cost.

Among the line of similar drugs, there are drugs with a dosage of 2, 4 and 6 mg, in terms of the main active ingredient.

One of the drugs similar to Tizalud in pharmacological properties, is an . It is also a centrally acting muscle relaxant. The difference between Mydocalm is the effect on strychnine and a decrease in the increase in reflex excitability provoked by strychnine.

The value of the drug in therapy

The successful use of muscle relaxants for the treatment of muscle hypertonia and myofascial pain is due to their highly specialized focus. Tizalud, which is a centrally acting muscle relaxant, acts directly on the receptors responsible for the onset of muscle spasm. Blocking these receptors relieves muscle spasm, which leads to the normalization of muscle tone. The main substance actively acts in the following directions:

The ability of Tizaluda for local anesthesia is also of therapeutic importance. The analgesic effect occurs as a result of relaxation of smooth muscles, which helps to reduce the formation of inflammatory mediators.

The drug is also included in complex treatment patients with functional disorders of the spine. High therapeutic efficacy allows prescribing the drug to patients with severe neurological disorders. Low toxicity is positive factor for long term admission.

Instructions for use

Attention! The information is provided for informational purposes only. This instruction should not be used as a guide to self-medication. The need for prescription, methods and doses of the drug are determined exclusively by the attending physician.

general characteristics

International and chemical names: tizanidine; 5-chloro-4- (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) -2,1,3-benzothiazole hydrochloride;

Composition: 1 tablet contains tizanidine (in the form of hydrochloride) - 2 mg or 4 mg;

Excipients: microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous lactose, aerosil, stearic acid.

Release form. Pills.

Basic physical and chemical properties. Pills round shape with a flat surface with beveled edges and a line, white or almost white;

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Muscle relaxants (Muscle relaxants- drugs that reduce the tone of skeletal muscles with a decrease in motor activity) with a central mechanism of action. Tizanidine. ATC code М03В Х02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics.

Muscle relaxant of central action. The mechanism of action is associated with the stimulation of presynaptic a 2 - receptors (Receptor(Latin receptio - perception, English receptor): 1) specific sensitive formations in living organisms that perceive external and internal stimuli (extero- and interoreceptors, respectively) and transform the activity of the nervous system. Depending on the type of perceived irritation, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, electroreceptors, thermoreceptors are distinguished; 2) active groupings of protein macromolecules with which mediators or hormones specifically interact, as well as many drugs. A receptor is a conformationally flexible macromolecule or a set of macromolecules, the binding to which (s) of a ligand (agonist or antagonist) causes a biological or pharmacological effects... A number of receptors exist in several subtypes. There are four main types of receptors: 1) membrane receptors associated with ion channels and consisting of several protein subunits, which are located in biological membranes of cells in a radial order, forming ion channels (for example, H-cholinergic receptors, GABA A-receptors, glutamate receptors ) \; 2) membrane receptors, coupled with G-proteins, consisting of protein molecules, sevenfold "stitching" biological membranes \; biological effect when these receptors are activated, it develops with the participation of a system of secondary transmitters (Ca2 + ions, cAMP, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate, diacylglycerol). Receptors of this type are available for a number of hormones and mediators (for example, M-cholinergic receptors, adrenergic receptors, etc.) \; 3) intracellular, or nuclear receptors that regulate the processes of DNA transcription and, accordingly, the synthesis of proteins by cells. They are cytosolic and nuclear proteins (for example, receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones) \; 4) membrane receptors that directly control the functions of the effector enzyme associated with tyrosine kinase and regulate the phosphorylation of proteins (for example, insulin receptors, a number of growth factors, etc.)), which leads to suppression of the release of "exciting" amino acids (Amino acids- a class of organic compounds with properties of both acids and bases. Participate in the metabolism of the body. About 20 essential amino acids serve as the building blocks of all proteins)(glutamic acid, aspartic acid), which stimulate receptors for N-methyl-D-aspartate. As a result, at the level of intermediate neurons spinal cord (Spinal cord- the department of the central nervous system, located in the spinal canal, is involved in the implementation of most reflexes. In humans, it consists of 31-33 segments, each of which has 2 pairs of nerve roots: anterior - the so-called motor, through which impulses from the cells of the spinal cord are transmitted to the periphery (to skeletal muscles, vascular muscles, internal organs) and posterior - the so-called sensitive, for which impulses from receptors of the skin, muscles, internal organs transmitted to the spinal cord. The anterior and posterior roots, connecting with each other, form mixed spinal nerves. The most complex reflex reactions of the spinal cord are controlled by the brain) there is a suppression of polysynaptic transmission of excitation. It also has a moderate central analgesic (Analgesic- relieves pain, pain reliever) inhibitory effect interneurons (Intercalary neurons- a group of neurons between sensory and motor neurons, which controls their coordinated activity) posterior horns of the spinal cord. Reduces resistance to passive movements, reduces spasms and clonic convulsions, increases the strength of voluntary contractions. Does not affect neuromuscular transmission.

Pharmacokinetics.

After taking tizanidine, it is rapidly and almost completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Simultaneous food intake does not affect pharmacokinetics (Pharmacokinetics- a section of pharmacology that studies the fate of drugs in the body: absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion) tizanidine. In the dose range from 4 to 20 mg, the pharmacokinetics of the drug is linear. The drug is characterized by a low individual breadth of pharmacokinetic parameters. Maximum concentration in plasma (Plasma- the liquid part of the blood, which contains the formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets). Changes in the composition of blood plasma are used to diagnose various diseases(rheumatism, diabetes etc.). Prepared from blood plasma medications) achieved within 1–2 hours after ingestion. Due to the pronounced effect of the "first pass" through the liver bioavailability (Bioavailability- an indicator of the degree and rate of entry into the blood of a medicinal substance from the total administered dose) is about 34%. Linking with proteins (Protein- natural high molecular weight organic compounds. Proteins play an extremely important role: they are the basis of the life process, participate in the construction of cells and tissues, are biocatalysts (enzymes), hormones, respiratory pigments (hemoglobins), protective substances (immunoglobulins), etc.) plasma is 30%. Tizanidine is rapidly and in large quantities metabolized in the liver to form inactive metabolites. Penetrates through blood-brain barrier (Blood-brain barrier- the barrier formed by the endothelium of the cerebral vessels: there are no intercellular spaces characteristic of other vessels between the endothelial cells. As a result, water-soluble polar substances do not penetrate into the brain from the blood), in small quantities enters breast milk. Half-life (Half-life(T1 / 2, synonymous with half-life) - the period of time during which the concentration of drugs in the blood plasma decreases by 50% from the initial level. Information about this pharmacokinetic indicator is necessary to prevent the creation of a toxic or, conversely, ineffective level (concentration) of drugs in the blood when determining the intervals between injections) from the systemic circulation is 2-4 hours. Excretion occurs mainly by the kidneys (60–70%) and intestines (20–25%), mainly in the form of metabolites, as well as unchanged (about 5%).

In patients with renal failure (creatinine clearance (Creatinine clearance- an indicator characterizing the rate of glomerular filtration. The level of creatinine in the blood is used to assess the effectiveness of the kidneys. Creatinine clearance is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine in 1 minute when passing through the kidneys) less than 25 ml / min) the maximum concentration in blood plasma exceeds this indicator in healthy volunteers by 2 times, the half-life is extended to 14 hours.

When taken orally, the effect of the drug is manifested in 30–45 minutes, the maximum effect occurs within 1–2 hours.

Indications for use

Painful muscle spasm associated with static and functional diseases of the spine (cervical and lumbar syndromes), as well as after surgery (for hernia (Hernia- the exit of internal organs through natural or acquired holes in the musculo-aponeurotic layer of the peritoneum while maintaining the integrity of the peritoneum itself and the skin) intervertebral disc, hip osteoarthritis joint (Joints- movable joints of bones, allowing them to move relative to each other. Auxiliary formations - ligaments, menisci, and other structures)); spasticity of skeletal muscles in neurological diseases (diffuse sclerosis (Sclerosis induration associated with chronic inflammation \; thickening of the vein wall due to hyperplasia of interstitial or fibrous tissue), chronic (Chronic- a long, incessant, protracted process, proceeding either constantly or with periodic improvements in the condition) myelopathy, degenerative diseases of the spinal cord, cerebrovascular accident, cerebral palsy).

Contraindications

Severe liver dysfunction, concomitant administration of fluvoxamine, increased individual sensitivity to drug components, pregnancy, lactation, age up to 18 years.

Method of administration and dosage

Adults are prescribed orally, regardless of food intake, with a small amount of liquid. The dosage regimen is set individually, taking into account the indications, effectiveness and tolerability of therapy.

At painful muscle spasm appoint 2 mg or 4 mg 3 times a day. In severe cases, 2 mg or 4 mg of tizanidine are additionally prescribed at night.

At skeletal muscle spasticity due to neurological disease, the initial daily dose should not exceed 6 mg (2 mg 3 times a day). The daily dose can be increased gradually, by 2-4 mg per day, at intervals of 3-4 to 7 days. Usually optimal therapeutic effect is achieved with a daily dose of 12 to 24 mg, distributed over 3 or 4 doses at regular intervals.

The highest daily dose of tizanidine for adults is 36 mg per day.

In patients with renal insufficiency ( clearance (Clearance(purification, purification) - a pharmacokinetic parameter reflecting the rate of purification of blood plasma from a drug and denoted by the symbol C1) creatinine is less than 25 ml / min), the initial dose is 2 mg once a day. The dose increase should be carried out gradually, taking into account the effectiveness and tolerability. therapy (Therapy- 1. The field of medicine studying internal illnesses, one of the oldest and most basic medical specialties. 2. Part of a word or phrase used to indicate the type of treatment (oxygen therapy \; hemotherapy - treatment with blood preparations))... If a more pronounced effect is required, it is recommended to first increase the dose prescribed 1 time per day, after which the frequency of administration is increased.

The duration of the course of therapy is determined depending on the dynamics of muscle tonic (Tonic- in a state of continuous continuous action) and painful manifestations. In acute pain of muscular genesis, the duration of taking the drug is from 1 to 2-3 weeks. With chronic pain syndromes (Pain syndrome- a painful subjective sensation that appears due to the impact on the body of superstrong or destructive stimuli. Distinguish pain syndromes of the head, face, mouth, back, etc.) a longer course may be needed, which is determined individually and on average ranges from 3-6 weeks to 1 year.

Application features

It is used with caution in elderly patients due to the likelihood of a significant decrease in renal clearance.

When there is side effects, possibly associated with impaired liver function (unexplained nausea, anorexia, fatigue), as well as in patients who use tizanidine in a daily dose of more than 12 mg, it is necessary to monitor functional liver function tests once a month in the first 4 months of treatment. In the case when the levels of hepatic transaminase (transaminases- enzymes of the class of transferases, the reactions they catalyze carry out a connection between protein and carbohydrate metabolism) in serum persistently exceed the upper limit of the norm by 3 times or more, the use of the drug should be discontinued.

Since the tablets contain lactose, it is not recommended to use the drug in patients with hereditary galactose intolerance, severe lactase deficiency and malabsorption (Malabsorption- syndrome of impaired absorption. With low absorption (impaired absorption of all food ingredients), metabolic disorders inevitably occur - protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral, water-salt, vitamin metabolism) glucose (Glucose- grape sugar, a carbohydrate from the group of monosaccharides. One of the key metabolic products that provides living cells with energy)(galactose).

Application during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.

Taking the drug during pregnancy is contraindicated. If treatment with tizanidine is necessary breast-feeding must stop.

Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms.

In the event of side effects from central nervous system (central nervous system- the main part of the nervous system, represented by the spinal cord and brain. Functionally, the peripheral and central nervous systems are a single whole. The most complex and specialized part of the central nervous system is the cerebral hemispheres)(drowsiness, etc.) patients should refrain from types of work that require high concentration attention and quick reactions, such as driving Vehicle or work with machines and mechanisms.

Side effect

From the central nervous system: drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth; rarely - sleep disorders, hallucinations.

From the musculoskeletal system: rarely - muscle weakness.

From the digestive system: rarely - nausea, gastrointestinal disorders, transient increase in the activity of hepatic transaminases; very rarely - acute hepatitis.

On the part of the cardiovascular system: often - a decrease in blood pressure, bradycardia.

Others: fatigue, rarely - allergic reactions(cutaneous itching (Itching- a modified feeling of pain caused by irritation of the nerve endings of pain receptors), rash, urticaria).

Interaction with other medicinal products

The simultaneous use of tizanidine with inhibitor (Inhibitors- chemicals that suppress the activity of enzymes. Used to treat metabolic disorders) CYP450 1A2 fluvoxamine.

Care must be taken when using tizanidine with other inhibitors of CYP450 1A2, namely: antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, mexiletine, propafenone), cimetidine, fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin), rofecoxib oral (Orally- the route of administration of the drug through the mouth (per os)) contraceptives and ticlopidine.

With the simultaneous use of tizanidine and antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, the development of arterial hypotension and bradycardia is possible.

With simultaneous use sedatives (Sedative- a drug that has a general sedative effect on the central nervous system, without a noticeable decrease in physical and mental performance) drugs and alcohol can enhance the sedative effect of tizanidine.

Overdose

If the recommended doses are exceeded, nausea, vomiting, arterial hypotension, dizziness, drowsiness are possible, miosis (Miosis- constriction of the pupil), anxiety, respiratory failure, coma . Treatment: drug withdrawal, rinsing gastrointestinal tract, repeated intake of activated carbon, symptomatic therapy (Symptomatic therapy- symptomatic treatment aimed at eliminating individual manifestations (symptoms) of the disease (for example, prescribing painkillers))... Shown carrying out forced diuresis (Diuresis- the amount of urine excreted over a certain time. In humans, the average daily urine output is 1200-1600 ml)... Specific antidote (Antidotes- medicines used for the treatment of poisoning in order to neutralize the poison and eliminate the pathological disorders caused by it) no.

General product information

Terms and conditions of storage. In its original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life is 3 years.

Vacation conditions. On prescription.

Package. 10 tablets in a blister; 3 blisters in a pack.

Manufacturer.Public Joint Stock Company "Kiev Vitamin Plant".

Location. 04073, Ukraine, Kiev, st. Kopylovskaya, 38.

Site. www.vitamin.com.ua

This material is presented in free form based on the official instructions for medical use drug.