Caries belongs to the most common dental disease on our planet. Its presence on the surface of the teeth requires compulsory medical intervention in order to prevent their further destruction. A choose a methodology for treating a clinical case will help the caries classification system.

The classification of carious formations on the surface of the teeth of Blake was proposed in 1896 to determine the standards of treatment for each individual clinical case.

It included five classes for each of which their preparation methodology and teeth sealing methods were intended. After adding to the classification of the sixth grade, it remained unchanged to today.

Class I.

The first class includes carious lesions of the pits, fissures and natural deepening chewing, sky or roasting surfaces of teeth - the so-called fissure caries.

Class II.

The second class includes the caries of the contact surfaces of molars and premolars.

Class III

The third class includes the caries of the contact surface of the cutters and fangs, which does not affect the integrity of their cutting edges.

Class IV.

The next step is the more intensive damage to the incisors and fangs, which violates the integrity of their cutting edge.

Class V.

The fifth grade includes the defeat of the vestibular surface of all teeth groups - the peanant caries.

Class VI

The sixth grade includes caries, located on the walls of the indigenous teeth and the cutting edges of the cutters and fangs.

Classification of caries on the ICD-10 (WHO)

Classification on the ICD-10 (World Health Organization) looks like this:

• caries enamel teeth;
• caries Dentin;
• caries cement;
• caries suspended due to the impact on it hygienic and preventive procedures;
• odonotoklasia, characterized by resorption of the roots of dairy teeth;
• another caries;
• uncomfortable caries.

In the depth of the defeat

In the depth of lesion, the caries shall be divided into several stages.

These include:

• initial caries;
• superficial caries;
• average caries;
• deep caries.

Initial caries

The initial stage of the development of the disease begins with the formation of a white or dark spot on the surface of the tooth. At the same time, the enamel remains smooth to the touch, since it has not yet reached its anatomical destruction.

Dental pain at this stage is not observed, and the treatment is carried out with minimal interventions in its structure.

The resulting stain is removed using dental equipment and produce remineralization of teeth in order to prevent the subsequent development of the carious process.

The next step in the development of caries is the destruction of the upper enamels with the advent of the reaction to the sharp change of the temperature of food and water, as well as acidic or spicy food.

The smoothness of the surface of the tooth is disturbed, it becomes a rough.

Treatment at this stage includes grinding of the affected area, followed by its remineralization. It is used by I. traditional treatment With preparation and sealing.

Under the average caries imply the destruction of the enamel tooth layer with the advent of periodic or already constant pain. This is due to the fact that the pathogenic process affected the upper layers of dentin.

The average caries requires compulsory medical intervention, in which the affected area is removed, followed by its restoration with a filling material.

Deep caries is characterized by an extensive lesion of inner tissues of teeth affecting most of the dentin.

Ignoring this process and the refusal of treatment can lead to the damage to the pulp, followed by the complication of the disease with pulpitis and / or periodontitis. Therefore, the affected area must be removed for the subsequent installation of the seal.

Video: Types of Caries

According to the presence of complications

According to the presence of complications, the caries is divided into complicated and uncomplicated.

Uncomplicated

Uncomplicated include a typical flowing carious process, which includes various stages (superficial, medium, deep).

Complicated

The complicated caries includes a disease accompanied by the development of related inflammatory processes. Most often this is a consequence of untimely appeal to a doctor or insufficient treatment.

According to the degree of activity

To evaluate the degree of activity of the disease, a grape classification is applied, based on the division of caries on compensated, subcompensated and decompensated.

Compensated

Compensated caries is characterized by a sluggish or immanent process. The lesions of the surface of the teeth are insignificant and do not cause an unpleasant sensation in a patient.

With regular hygienic procedures, as well as conducting special preventive measures, it is possible to stop the development of the disease at its initial stages.

Subcompensated

Subcompensated caries is characterized by an average rate of flow at which it can remain unnoticed and not to deliver anxiety to the patient.

Decompensated

Decompensated caries is characterized by intensive development and a flow accompanied so acute pain that it affects the ability of the patient. Because of this, the disease is often called sharp caries.

It requires immediate conduct of therapeutic procedures, since otherwise the process can turn into third-party teeth with the subsequent addition of pulpitis and periodontitis.

By the nature of the flow

According to the nature of the flow, caries is divided into acute, chronic, acute and recurrent.

• Acute caries It is characterized by the appearance of signs of dental damage for just a few weeks.
• Chronic caries Developed for a longer time. The affected fabrics have time to paint the flare and food dyes, acquiring the colors from yellow to dark brown.
• Oktyst or blooming caries It is characterized by multiple lesion of teeth tissues for a fairly short time. This phenomenon is often observed in children with low immunity, as well as in adults after removing salivary glands, accompanied by dryness of the oral cavity.
• Recurrent and secondary caries It is a consequence of a number of provoking factors. These include damage or weakening the enamel of teeth, non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, as well as a decrease in immunity due to any diseases of the body.

According to the intensity of the process

According to the intensity of the process, the disease is divided into one and multiple caries.

In the first case, implies the involvement in the process of one tooth, and in the second - several teeth at the same time. The damage to a large amount of teeth in a short period of time is called generalized caries.

On the localization of the process

According to the localization of the process, the caries is divided into fissure, interdental, peanant, circular and hidden.

• Fissure or occlusive caries It is characterized by the development of lesions in the natural deepening of the chewing surface of the teeth.
• Interdental or Approximum Caries Developed on the contact surfaces of the teeth, and for a long time may not be visualized. This is due to the specifics of the development of the disease: the affect of the surface of the tooth, the caries develops towards its center, while the cavity itself is often covered with the preserved enamel layer. It is possible to detect it using an X-ray or by translucent through teeth with dark plots.
• Pricky or cervical caries It develops at the sections of the teeth located between their crown and root closer to the gum - on the neck. It is a consequence of insufficient oral hygiene.
• Circular or Ring Caries It is characterized by a circumferential lesion of the surface of the tooth. The appearance of the disease resembles a yellow or brown belt around the neck of the teeth, and more than half of the clinical cases falls on children.
• Hidden Caries It is characterized by the lesion of the plots of complex for viewing, for example, dental gaps.

On development primaryness

By primary development, the caries shall be divided into primary and secondary.

The primary caries develop either on an intact tooth or on a plot that has not previously subjected to treatment.

The secondary caries is a recurrent, since it appears on the fields undergoing treatment, that is, where the seal was previously installed. Due to the fact that the location of the localization of the disease is often an area located under a seal or a dental crown it is called the inner caries.

Video: Why you need to replace seals

Classification in children

The principles of the classification of caries in children are practically no different from adults. The only difference is the separation of its parameters on the caries of permanent teeth and the caries of dairy teeth.

In the latter case, the painting of the defeat is the same character as adults, but in connection with the temporary appointment of dairy teeth, treatment is carried out somewhat differently.

In accordance with changes in solid teeth tissues and clinical manifestations have created several types classification of caries teeth The basis for various signs.

Caries refers to the number of the most famous diseases affecting solid tooth tissue. The death development process is accompanied by the endune of enamel, softening Dentin and the formation of the carious cavity. Speaking about the caries of the teeth, it is impossible to limit ourselves to only one classification that would fully satisfy the demands of specialists. Therefore, the existence of several classifications of the disease is quite justified.

Charies Classification

The most recognition from dentists today received the classification of caries on Black, which reflects the depth of the process, as well as the location of carious cavities.

1) . First grade (surface caries ). The cavities are located in the zone of natural recesses and Fissur. Lesion of superficial nature;
2) . Second class (weak caries ). The process develops on the contact surface of the side teeth;
3) . Third class (caries of average degree ). Carious damage affects the contact surface of the fangs and cutters;
4) . Fourth Class (heavy form of caries ). The started stage of the caries of the average degree. Carious lesions move to dentin at the place of the corner of the cutting edge;
5) . Fifth grade (very heavy caries ). He suffers from the gingland edge of the side or front teeth. It develops the roar caries;
6) . Sixth grade (atypical caries ). There is a destruction of the cutting edge.

Classification of the disease in the ICD-10 | WHO

Depending on the nature of the changes occurring in the solid tissues of the tooth, as well as clinical manifestations, several ways were created class caries teeth .

ICB Caries It assumes the presence of different features based on. By classifications in Caries stands out in a separate group.

ICD-10 offers to divide caries to the following classes:
K02.0. Caries Enamel Stage of Cretaceous Stain (initial caries)
K02.1. Caries Dentina
K02.2. Caries Cement
K02.3. Suspended caries teeth
By 02.3. Odonotoklasia
Children's melanodenia
Melanodontoklasia
K02.8. Another caries teeth
K02.9. The caries of teeth are unspecified

Classification of caries on the ICD 10 Currently is one of the most popular. To its advantages, we can attribute the fact that there are subheadings in the form of a suspended caries or the Cement Costaland appeared.

Classification of carious process in depth depth | MMS

Such a classification of caries dentists consider the most convenient. Therefore, it gained widespread on domestic space. Experts identify the forms of the disease relating to the uncomplicated and complicated course of the disease:

1. Stage Stain - The initial stage when white stripes or dark spots appear on enamels, but she herself is smooth, not yet affected. Toothproof at this stage of the patient's stains does not bother;

2. Surface caries - The second stage of the carious process. Dental enamel continues to collapse, but the caries does not go beyond the enamel layer. Dentin is not damaged, however, a dental pain of a periodic nature can already show itself. The tooth reaction is noticeable to cold and hot, on sour or sweet. Carious stain on the dental surface rough to the touch;

3. Caries of average degree When carious defeat passed the enamel layer and touched upon the top layers of dentin. Pain is intensified, it is constant;

4. Deep Caries. In which only a thin layer of dentin is subject to preservation. At this stage, the dental fabric is badly damaged. The lack of proper treatment of the tooth at this stage becomes the cause of the defeat of the pulp and periodontitis.

Classification for the availability of complications

This classification implies the allocation of two types of caries:
- complicated accompanied by accompanying inflammatory processes. Such a form of the disease takes place when improperly appeal to the doctor or the absence of proper treatment;
- uncomplicated - a typical proceeding process that assumes the presence of its individual stages (superficial, middle and so on.).
Types of caries in degree of activity:
1. Compensated caries characterized by the lack of explicit progress in the carious process. The teeth are affected slightly, which does not cause a patient discomfort;
2. Subcompensated , distinguished by the average rate of development;
3. Decompensated for which the intensive current is characteristic. At this stage, sharp pain in the tooth is diagnosed.

This classification is based on the calculation of the caries intensity index, which is defined as the amount of carious, seal and remote teeth (CPU) in one child. If there are milk teeth and constant in the oral cavity, then the amount is calculated for them separately (KPU + KP). Remote milk teeth are not taken into account.

How quickly develops a carious process

In this case, the classification is the layout of the following four categories. :
- acute caries . Signs of dental lesion are manifested for days;
- chronic caries , developing for a longer time. The affected fabrics take a yellowish or dark brown color, staining in a raid and food dyes;
- flowering caries which entails multiple dental lesions. The carious process is progressing for a short time;
- secondary caries , developing under the previously installed seal as a result of the weakening of the enamel of the tooth, neglect the rules of the oral hygiene, reducing the immunity of the body.

Classification of the disease in the intensity of the process

This classification suggests:
single Caries. . In this case, only one tooth is exposed to the defeat;
multiple (system) caries . With this form of the disease, five or more teeth in children, six or more in adults are affected.

In the number of patients with a similar diagnosis, those who are ill with acute infectious diseases, ailments of the cardiovascular, respiratory system are most often found. Among the children suffering from multiple caries, there were persecuted chronic tonsillitom, Scarlatina .

Classification for the localization of the process

- fissurious caries in which the natural deepening of the surface of the teeth is affected;
- interdentary carious process , developing on the contact surface of the tooth. For a long time, the disease may not be diagnosed due to the specific form of the development of ailment: caries, in the process of dental surface damage develops towards the center of the tooth, and the cavity itself turns out to be covered with healthy enamel layers;
- pricky caries which is localized between the root and crown of the tooth in the area adjacent to the gum. The cause of the development of the process is insufficient oral hygiene;
- ring Caries. affecting the circumferential surface of the tooth. Externally, it looks like yellowish or brown pins on the neck;
- hidden carious process , developing in difficult to view the zone - toothbrush.

Classification of development primary

It is not difficult to guess that such a classification divides caries on:
- primary which is striking either a healthy tooth or an area previously not treated;

- secondary , wearing a recurrent character, because develops at previously healing places.

Sometimes this kind of carious process is called internal: the disease is often localized in the area under a seal or crown.

Clinical classification of caries teeth

- Acute caries . For him, characteristic fast development Destructive changes in solid tooth tissues, the rapid transition of uncomplicated caries into complicated. The affected fabrics are soft, weakly pigmented (light yellow, grayish-white shade), wet, are easily removed by the excavator.
- Chronic caries It is characterized as a slow process (several years). The distribution of the carious process (cavity) is mainly in the planar direction. Changed fabrics solid, pigmented, brown or dark brown.
- There are also exist other forms of caries , for example, "acute", "blooming caries".
In our country, this classification has received the most widespread. It takes into account the depth of the defeat , what is very convenient for the practical activity of the dentist.
- Stage of carious spot - There is a focal demineralization of solid tissues of the tooth, and it can flow intensely (white spot) or slowly (brown stain).
- Surface caries - At this stage there is a carious cavity within the enamel.
- Middle Caries - In this stage, the carious defect is located within the surface layer of dentin (cloak dentin).
- Deep Caries. - In this case, the pathological process comes to deep layers of dentin (the olivepural dentine).

IN clinical practice Also apply the terms "secondary caries" and "recurrence of caries", consider in more detail what it is:
1) Secondary caries - These are all new carious lesions that are developing next to the seal in a previously treated tooth. Secondary caries has all histological characteristics of carious lesion. The cause of its occurrence is the violation of the edge fit between the seal and the solid tissues of the tooth, microorganisms from the oral cavity penetrate into the resulting slot and the optimal conditions for the formation of a carious defect on the edge of the seal in enamel or dentine are created.
2) Recurrent Caries. - This is the resumption or progression of the pathological process if the carious defeat was not completely removed during the previous treatment. The recurrence of caries is often found under a filling during a radiographic study or on the edge of the seal.

quite a lot and all of them are in many ways repeated. For a doctor, it is important to correctly determine the main parameters: the depth of the defeat, the nature of the process flow, and reveal the basic cause of the appearance of defects.

In some cases, it will be unsatisfactory oral hygiene, in others - harmful habits, thirdly - the crowned teeth or congenital disorders in the structure of Enamel and Dentin. The correct diagnosis is largely determined by the success of further treatment. .

There are several ways to classify caries that allow us to combine different methodical approaches to diagnosis and treatment. In 1999, Russian health care facilities transferred statistical medical records for the international classification of diseases according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The CARES classification on the ICD-10 is used by combining with other systems.

Classification on the ICD-10

As a result of a multitude of attempts to create a unified system for classifying diseases in the twentieth century, an international classification (ICD) was created. Since 1948, it has repeatedly revised and complemented. The last, tenth, revision was in 1989. Since 1994, the ICD-10 system has begun to implement in countries belonging to the World Health Organization. All diseases in it are sorted by partitions and are indicated by a three-digit alphanumeric code. Caries on the ICD-10 is assigned the K02 code. He refers to the section "Diseases digestive system"And the subsection of" oral disease ".

Caries on the ICD-10

The classification of caries in this system begins with the K02.0 code and is completed by the code K02.9 and includes seven points:

• white stain stage;
• dentina's disease;
• damage to cement;
• stationary (suspended) caries;
• odonotoklasia (it includes melanodontoklasia and melanodency);
• another caries (not included in the description);
• carides is unspecified.

The classification of caries on the ICD-10 clinicians and diagnostics is not fully satisfying, because some types of illness are hidden under the vague terms "other" and "unspecified" caries. If the caries penetration depth is excellent, then on localization and for other characteristics - not quite. Therefore, for more complete description Districted dentists have to combine ICD-10 with other classifiers. Usually for this applies the standard classification system for black (by localization). There are other caries classification systems that describe the duration of the flow or sharpness of the disease.

Replacing the Classifier ICB-10

From 2012, work is underway to improve the classification of the ICD-10. The plans of the World Health Organization in 2018 introduce a new system - ICD-11. Experts work on its development: diagnoses, clinicians and practitioners. It is assumed that it will have more sub-items of caries classification that can cover all medical cases. The ICD-11 is designed to solve all the problems that doctors with the CARES classification on the ICD-10.

RCRZ (Republican Center for Health Development MD RK)
Version: Clinical protocols MOR RK - 2015

Caries teeth (K02)

Stomatology

general information

Short description

Recommended
Expert Council
RGP on PFV "Republican Center
Health Development »
Ministry of Health
and social development
Republic of Kazakhstan
from October 15, 2015
Protocol No. 12.

Caries teeth

Caries teeth - pathological process, manifested after teething, in which demineralization and softening of solid tooth tissues are occurring, followed by the formation of a defect in the form of cavity. .

Protocol name:Caries teeth

Protocol code:

Code (s) μb-10:
K02.0 Caries Enamel. Stage "White (Cretaceous) Spot" [initial caries]
K02.I Caries Dentina
K02.2 Caries Cement
K02.3 suspended caries teeth
K02.8 another caries teeth
K02.9 caries teeth uncomfortable

Abbreviations used in the protocol:
MBC-information international classification of the disease

Date of development / revision of the Protocol:2015 year

Users Protocol: Dentist dentist therapist, dentist, doctor-dentist general practice.

Evaluation on the degree of evidence of the recommendations

Table - 1. Scale of evidence

BUT	High-quality meta-analysis, systematic Overview of RKK or large rock with a very low probability (++) systematic error The results of which can be distributed to the corresponding population.
IN	High-quality (++) systematic overview of cohort or studies Case-control or high-quality (++) cohort or studies Case control with a very low risk of a systematic error or RCK with not high (+) risk of systematic error, the results of which can be distributed to the appropriate Population.
FROM	Cohort or study case-control or controlled study without randomization with not high risk of systematic error (+). The results that can be distributed to the appropriate population or rock with a very low or low risk of systematic error (++ or +), the results of which cannot be directly distributed to the corresponding population.
D.	A description of a series of cases or uncontrolled research or the opinion of experts.
GPP.	Best pharmaceutical practice.

Classification

Clinical classification:. .

Topographic classification of caries:
· Stage stain;
· Surface caries;
· Medium caries;
· Deep caries.

By clinical flow:
· Figaying;
· Slow-down;
· Stabilized.

Clinical picture

Cymptoms, flow

Diagnostic criteria for diagnosis

Complaints and anamnesis [2, 3, 4, 6,11, 12]

Table - 2. Data collection complaints and anamnesis

Nosology	Complaints	Anamnesis
Caries in the stain stage:	usually proceeds asymptomatic; feeling of increased sensitivity to chemical stimuli; Aesthetic flaws.	General condition is not violated ; Plight oral hygiene ; An alimentary insufficiency of mineral substances;
Surface caries:	short-term pain from chemical and temperature stimuli; may proceed asymptomatic.	General condition is not violated ; Somatic diseases organism (pathology of endocrine systems and gastrointestinal tract); Plight oral hygiene ; Alimentary Mineral Insufficiency
Middle Caries	short-term pain from temperature, mechanical, chemical stimuli; The pain from the stimuli is short, after elimination of the stimulus quickly passes; Sometimes pain may be absent; Aesthetic defect.	General condition is not violated ; Somatic diseases of the body (pathology of endocrine systems and gastrointestinal tract); Plight oral hygiene
Rapidly progressive deep caries	short-term pain from temperature, mechanical, chemical stimuli; With the elimination of the stimulus, the pain immediately does not disappear; on violation of the integrity of solid tissue tooth;	General condition is not violated ; Somatic diseases of the body (pathology of endocrine systems and gastrointestinal tract); Plight oral hygiene ;
Slowly progressive deep caries	No complaints; On violation of the integrity of solid tissue tooth; Changing the color of the tooth; Aesthetic defect.	General condition is not violated ; Somatic diseases of the body (pathology of endocrine systems and gastrointestinal tract); Bad oral hygiene;

Physical examination:

Table - 3. Data of physical examination of caries in the stain stage

Caries in stains
Survey data	Symptoms	Pathogenetic justification
Complaints	Most often, the sick complaint places may complain about the presence of visionary or pigmented stain (aesthetic defect)	Carious stains are formed as a result of partial demineralization of enamel in the focus of defeat
Inspection	In case of inspection, the melons or pigmented spots having clear uneven outlines. The size of the stains can be several millimeters. Surface spots Unlike intact enamel dim, deprived of brilliance
Localization of carious stains	Typical for caries: fissures and others Natural recesses, approximal surfaces, a dersal area. As a rule, stains are single, some symmetry is defeated	The localization of carious stains is explained by that in these areas of the tooth even with good hygiene Oral cavities There are conditions for the accumulation and preservation of a dental pox
Sounding	When probing the surface of the enamel in the spots area is quite dense, painless	The superficial layer of enamel remains relatively Inactible as a result of the fact that in it, along with the process of demineralization, the process of remineralization is actively underway at the expense of saliva components
Drying the surface of the tooth	White carious stains become clearer visible	When drying from demineralized sub- The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe lesion is evaporated with water through increased microspaces of the visible intact surface layer of enamel, and at the same time its optical density changes
Vital staining tooth tissue	When staining with 2% methylene blue, carious stains acquire the blue color of various intensity. The surrounding stain intact Enamel is not painted	The possibility of penetration of the dye into the focus of the damage is associated with partial demineralization The subsurface layer of enamel, which is accompanied by an increase in microspaces in the crystal structure of enamel prism
Thermodyniagnostic		Emalevo-dentine border and dentine tubules with odontoblasts are not available to exposure to irritant
EDA	EDO values \u200b\u200bin the range of 2-6 MCA	The pulp in the process is not involved
Transylllumination	In the intact teeth, the light is evenly passed through solid tissues, not giving shadows.	The carious lesion zone has a view dark spots With clear boundaries When passing the light beam through the plot Destruction shows the effect of glow of tissue glow as a result of changes in their optical density

Table - 4. Data of physical survey of surface caries

Surface caries
Data examination	Symptoms	Pathogenetic justification
Complaints	In some cases, sick complaints are not represented. More often complain about short-term Pain from chemical stimuli (more often from sweet, less often from sour and salty), and same on the defect of solid tooth tissues	Demineralization of enamel in the focus of the defeat leads to an increase in its permeability. In the result Tate this chemicals can from the hearth waters come to the enamelo-dentine zone unity and change the balance of the ionic composition of this Areas. Pains arise as a result of a change in the hydrodynamic state in the cytoplasm odontoblasts and dentine tubes
Inspection	Defined shallow carious cavity within enamel. Bottom and walls of the cavity more often Pigmented, on the edges there may be melons or pigmented areas characteristic of caries in the stain stage	The appearance of a defect in enamel occurs in the event that a long time is maintained by a cariesogenic situation accompanied by exposure Acids on enamel
Localization	Typical caries: fissures, contact Surfaces	Places of the greatest cluster of the dental and bad availability of these sites for hygienic manipulations
Sounding	Sounding and excavation of the DNA carious Racial can be accompanied by a strong, but fast-growing pain. The surface of the defect when probe rough	With close position of the bottom of the cavity to the enamele-decent compound when probe The process of odontoblasts may be annoyed
Thermodyniagnostic	Short-term pain	As a result high degree demineralization Enamel Penetration of the cooling agent may cause the reaction of the process of odontoblasts
EDA	2-6 MKA

Table - 5. Data of physical examination of the average caries

Middle Caries
Data examination	Symptoms	Pathogenetic justification
Complaints	Often patients do not complaints or complain about the defect of solid tissues; with caries dentin - on short-term pain from temperature and chemical sky irritants	The most sensitive zone is destroyed - Emaleo-density border, dentine tubes Cover the layer of softened dentin, and the pulp is isolated from the carious cavity with a layer of dense dentin. Playing the role of the formation of a kneading dentin
Inspection	The cavity of the middle depth is determined, captures the whole crowd of enamel, enamel- Dental border and partially denin	When maintaining a carieseogenic situation The unding demineralization of solid tooth tissues leads to the formation of the cavity. The cavity in depth is striking the whole crowd of enamel, enamel- Dental border I. Partially denin
Localization	Location areas are typical for caries: - fissures and other natural recesses, contact surfaces, Pierce area	Good conditions for accumulation, retention and functioning of dental
Sounding	Sounding the bottom of the cavity is small or painlessly, painfully sensing in the field of the enhale-decent connection. The layer of softened dentin is determined. Messages There is no tooth with the cavity	Lack of pain in the field of This is probably due to the fact that demineralization Dentina is accompanied by the destruction of the processes odontoblasts
Percussion	Painless	The process is not involved in the pulp and the periodontal fabrics
Thermodyniagnostic	Temperature pain sniffs
EDA	In the range of 2-6 μA	No inflammatory Shares of pulp
X-ray diagnostics	The presence of the enamel defect and part of the dentin in the tooth plots available for X-ray diagnostics	Sections of demineralization of solid teeth tissues X-ray delay delayed rays
Preparable cavity	Cause of the bottom and walls of the cavity

Table - 6. Data of physical examination of deep caries

Deep Caries.
Data examination	Symptoms	Pathogenetic justification
Complaints	Pain from temperature and to a lesser extent from mechanical and chemical stimuli quickly passes after Elimination of the stimulus Pain from temperature and to a lesser extent from mechanical and chemical stimuli quickly passes after Elimination of the stimulus	The pulp pronounced pain reaction is associated with the fact that the dentin layer separating the pulp of the tooth from the carious cavity is very thin, partially demineralized and as a result of this very The pronounced pain reaction of any stimuli, the pulp pronounced pain reaction is associated with the fact that the dentin layer separating the pulp of the tooth from the carious cavity is very thin, partially demineralized and as a result of this very Under the effects of any stimuli
Inspection	Deep carious cavity filled with softened dentin	The deepening of the cavity occurs as a result of Dementing demineralization and simultaneous disintegration of the organic component of Dentin
Localization	Typical caries
Sounding	The softened dentine is determined. The carious cavity is not reported to the cavity of the tooth. Bottom cavity with respect to solid, sensing it painfully
Thermodyniagnostic	After their elimination
EDA	up to 10-12 MKA

Diagnostics

List of diagnostic measures:

Main (mandatory) and additional diagnostic surveys conducted on an outpatient level:

1. Collect complaints and anamnesis
2. General physical examination (external face inspection (skin cover, face symmetry, leather color, condition of lymph nodes color, teeth shape, teeth size, integrity of solid teeth tissues, teeth mobility, percussion
3. Sounding
4. Vital staining
5. Transylllumation
6. Underrost tooth radiography
7. Thermodyniagnosis

The minimum list of the survey that must be carried out during the direction on planned hospitalization : not

Basic (mandatory diagnostic surveys conducted at the stationary level (during emergency hospitalization, diagnostic examination examined on an outpatient basis): no

Diagnostic measures carried out at the emergency stage:not

Laboratory research:do not be held

Instrumental research:

Table - 7. Instrumental data

Reducation on temperature stimuli		Electropotometry	Radiological methods studiedand I
Caries in stains	Painful reactions to temperature stimuli no	In the range of 2-6 μA	On the radiograph, the foci of demineralization within enamels or no changes
Surface caries	The reaction to heat is usually absent. When exposed to cold can be felt Short-term pain	The reaction to the electrical current corresponds to Reactions of intact teeth tissues and is 2-6 MKA	On the radiograph of the surface defect in the enamel
Middle Caries	Sometimes short-term Temperature pain sniffs	In the range of 2-6 μA	On the radiograph in the crown of the tooth, there is a slight defect separated from the cavity of the tooth with a layer of dentin of various thicknesses, there is no message from the cavity of the tooth.
Deep Caries.	Strong enough pain from temperature stimuli, quickly passing After their elimination	Elektrovostility of the pulp within the normal range, sometimes it can be reduced up to 10-12 MKA	On the radiograph in the crown of the tooth there is a significant defect separated from the cavity of the dentin layer of various thicknesses, there is no message from the cavity of the tooth. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe root of the root in the periodontal of pathological changes.

Indications for the consultation of narrow specialists:not required.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of caries enamel in the white (melon-shallow) stain (initial caries) (K02

0) - should be differentiated from the initial stages of fluorosis and hypoplasia enamel.

Table - 8. Data differential diagnosis Caries in stains

Disease	General clinical signs	Features
Hypoplasia enamel (spotted form)	The flow is often asymptomatic. On the surface of enamel clinically Melovoid spots are determined Various magnitude with a smooth shiny surface	The stains are located in atypical for caries areas (in the convex surfaces of the teeth, in the tuberculk region). Characterized with strict symmetry and systemic dental damage, respectively, their mineralization. The borders of the spots are clearer than with caries. Stains do not stain with dyes
Fluorosis (barcode and spotted form)	The presence of molaomide spots on the surface of enamel with a smooth shiny surface Permanent teeth are affected.	Stains arise In atypical caries places. Multiple stains, located symmetrically on any plot of tooth crowns, do not stain with dyes

Differential diagnosis of caries enamel if there is a defectwithin its limits (k02.0) (superficial caries)

It is necessary to differentiate from the average caries, a wedge-shaped defect, erosion of teeth and some forms of fluorosis (melon-shaped and erosive).

Table - 9. Differential diagnostic data for surface caries

Disease	Common clinical signs	Features
Fluorosis (Melovoid Cracking and erosive naya forms)	Defect is detected on the surface of the tooth within enamel	Localization of defects is not typical for caries. Enamel destruction sites are random
Wedge-shaped defect	Defect of solid tissues of enamel teeth. Sometimes there may be pain from mechanical, chemical and physical stimuli	Damage to a kind of configuration (in the form of The wedge) is located, unlike the caries, on the vestibular surface of the tooth, on the border of the crown and root. The surface of the defect is shiny, smooth, not painted with dyes
Erosia Enamel, Dentina	Defect of solid teeth tissues. Pain from mechanical, chemical and physical stimuli	Progressive enamel and dentin defects on the vestibular surface of the crown part of the teeth. The cutters are affected upper jaw, as well as fangs and premolars of both jaws. Cutters of the lower jaw are not amazed. The form At the depth of the lesion slightly concave
Hypoplasia enamel (spotted form)	The flow is often asymptomatic. On the surface of the enamel, melons of various magnitudes with a smooth shiny surface are clinically determined.	Promotion is affixed predominantly. Stains are located in atypical caries kah (on the convex surfaces of the teeth, in the region of the bugs). Characterized by strict symmetry and systemicity of dental damage, respectively, their deadlines non-radiation. Borders of spots are clearer than when Ries. Stains do not stain with dyes

Differential diagnosis of caries dentin (K 02.1) (medium caries) - It should be differentiated from superficial and deep caries, chronic elbow periodontitis, a wedge-shaped defect.

Table - 10. Differential diagnostics of medium caries

Disease	Common clinical signs	Features
Caries Enamel in stage Spots	Localization of the process. The current is usually asymptomatic.	Changing the color of the enamel section. Ability to cavity. Most often no reaction to stimuli
Caries Enamel in stage Spots with violation integrity Wool layer, surface caries	Localization of the cavity. The flow is often asymptomatic. The presence of a carious cavity. Walls and bottom cavity most often pigmented.	Weak pain from chemical stimuli. The reaction to the cold is negative. EDA - 2-6 MKA The cavity is located within the enamel. During the probe is more pronounced pain in the field of the cavity
Primary Pulpitis (hyperemia pulp) deep caries	The presence of carious cavity and its localization. Pains from temperature, mechanical and chemical stimuli.	Surability during probe Pains pass after the elimination of stimuli. More painfully sensing the bottom of the cavity. Zode 8-12 MKA
Wedge-shaped defect	Defect of solid tooth tissues in the neck of the teeth	Short-term painfulness from stimuli, in some cases soreness during probing. Characteristic localization and form of defect
Chronic Perio Dontit	Carious cavity Carious cavity, as a rule, reports Smiling with the cavity of the tooth.	Probing cavity Painful. There is no reaction to stimuli. EDO more than 100 μA. Radiographs are determined by changes characteristic For one of the forms of chronic periodontitis. Cravale abdominal preparation

Differential diagnostics of initial pulpitis(hyperemia pulp) (k04.00) (deep caries)
- It is necessary to differentiate from the average caries, from chronic shapes Pulita (chronic simple pulpitis), from acute partial pulpitis.

Table - 11. Differential diagnostics of deep caries

Disease	Common clinical signs	Features
Middle Caries	Carious cavity filled with softened dentin. Pain from mechanical, chemical and physical stimuli	The cavity is deeper, with well-pronounced hanging edges of Enamel. Pains from stimuli pass after their elimination. ElektrolObdomability can be reduced to 8-12 μ
Acute partial pulpit	Deep carious cavity that does not communicate with the cavity of the tooth. Spontaneous pain reinforcing from all types of mechanical, chemical and physical stimuli. During the probation of the bottom cavity, the disease is evenly expressed throughout the bottom	Characteristic pain arising from all types of stimuli, ongoing for a long time after their elimination, as well as an inventive pain occurring Without visible reasons. May be observed pain irradiation. When probing the bottom of the carious cavity, as a rule, soreness In some kind of site. EDO-25MKA
Chronic simple pulpit	Deep carious cavity communicating with a tooth cavity at one point. When probing soreness at one point, opened horn pulp and bleeding	Characteristic pain arising from all types of irritants, ongoing for a long time after their elimination, as well as painful pain. When probing the bottom of the carious cavity, as a rule, pain in the open plot of rhog pulp EDA 30-40MKA

Treatment abroad

Treat treatment in Korea, Israel, Germany, USA

Get advice on medical examination

Treatment

Treats of treatment:

· Stop the pathological process;


· Restoration of the aesthetics of the dentition.

Tactics of treatment:
When preparation of carious cavities, it is recommended to be guided by the following principles:
· Medical validity and feasibility;
· Gentle relationships to unaffected tooth tissues;
· The painlessness of all procedures carried out;
· Visual control and convenience of work;
· Preserving the integrity of neighboring teeth and oral tissues;
· Rationality and technological manipulation;
· Creating conditions for aesthetic tooth restoration;
· Ergonomics.

Plan for the treatment of a patient with caries of teeth:

General principles of treatment of patients with caries of teeth provides several stages:
1. Before the preparation of the carious cavity, it is necessary to eliminate the cariestogenic situation in the oral cavity, the microbial fall, the factors that determine the demineralization and destruction process
2. Patient training in the oral hygiene recommendation on the choice of objects and means of hygiene, professional hygiene, recommendations for the correction of the diet.
3. Conducted to the tooth affected by caries.
4. During the caries of the stage of the white spot, remineralizing therapy is performed.
5. When the caries stopped, the teeth fluoride is carried out.
6. In the presence of a carious cavity, the preparation of carious cavity and preparation for sealing is carried out.
7. Restore the anatomical shape and the function of the tooth with sealing materials.
8. Events are carried out to prevent complication after treatment.
9. Recommendations are given to the patient about the timing of re-circulation and prevention of dental diseases.
10. Record recording in the card separately for each tooth form 43-y. In the treatment, materials and medicines that have permission to use on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Treatment of a patient with caries enamel in a white (melons) stain (initial caries) (K02.0)

Table - 12. Data on the treatment of caries in the stain stage

Treating a patient with caries enamel m (k02.0) (superficial caries)

Table - 13. Data on the treatment of surface caries

Treatment of a patient with Caries Dentina (K02.1) (middle caries)

Table - 14. Data on the treatment of medium caries

Treatment of a patient with initial pulp (hyperemia pulp) (k04.00) (deep caries)

Table - 15. Data on the treatment of deep caries

Non-drug treatment:Mode III. Table number 15.

Medical treatment:

Medical treatment rendered on an outpatient level:

Table - 16. Data on dosage forms and sealing materials used in the treatment of caries

Purpose	Name medicinal preparation or means / mnn	Dosage, use method	Motherwise dose, multiplicity and duration of use
Local anesthetics Used with anesthesia. Select one of the proposed anesthetics.	Articine + Epinephrine.	1:100000, 1:200000, 1.7 ml, Injection anesthesia	1:100000, 1:200000 1.7 ml, once
	ARTICAINE + EPINEPHRINE	4% 1.7 ml, injection anesthesia	1.7 ml, once
	Lidocaine / lidocainum	2% solution, 5.0 ml Injection anesthesia	1.7 ml, once
Therapeutic gaskets used in the treatment of deep caries. Choose one of the proposed	Material Dental gasket two-component based on hydroxide calcium chemical curing	basic paste 13g, catalyst 11g on the bottom of the carious cavity	One time drop 1: 1
	Dental material based on calcium hydroxide	on the bottom of the carious cavity	One time drop 1: 1
	Svetgeneous X-ray Paste based on calcium hydroxide	basic paste 12g, catalyst 12g on the bottom of the carious cavity	One time drop 1: 1
	Declocycline +. Triamcinolone	Paste 5 g on the bottom of the carious cavity
Chlorine-containing drugs.	Sodium hypochlorite	3% solution, carious processing	Single 2-10ml
	Chlorhexidine Bigluconat / Chlorhexidine	0.05% solution 100 ml, carious cavity treatment	Single 2-10ml
Hemostatic drugs Select one of the offered.	Capramin The means of astringent dental for processing root channels, with capillary bleeding, liquid for local applications	30 ml, when bleeding gums	Single 1-1.5 ml
	Visco Stat Clear.	25% gel, when bleeding gums	Single quantity
Materials intended for insulating pads 1.To-cellioner cements Select one of the proposed materials.	Material Filling Glass Ironer Lightweight Mixing	Powder A3 - 12.5g, liquid 8.5ml. Insulating gasket
	Kavitan Plus	Powder 15g, Liquid 15ml insulating gasket	1 drop of liquid mix with 1 dimensional spoon of powder to pasty consistency
	Ionose	paste 4g, Paste 2.5G insulating gasket	Single quantity
2. Cynic phosphate cements	Adhesor	Powder 80g., Liquid 55g Insulating gasket	Single 2.30g powder on 0.5 ml fluid to seize
Materials intended for permanent seals. Permanent sealing materials. Select one of the proposed materials.	Filtek z 550.	4.0 seal	Single Middle Caries - 1.5G, Deep caries - 2.5g,
	Charisma	4.0 seal	Single Middle Caries - 1.5G, Deep caries - 2.5g,
	Filtek z 250.	4.0 seal	Single Middle Caries - 1.5G, Deep caries - 2.5g,
	Filtte Ultimat	4.0 seal	Single Middle Caries - 1.5G, Deep caries - 2.5g,
	Charisma	Basic paste 12g catalyst 12g seal	Single 1:1
	Evicrol.	Powder 40g, 10g, 10g, 10g, liquid 28g, seal	1 drop of liquid mix with 1 dimensional spoon of powder to pasty consistency
Adhesive system. Select one of the proposed adhesive systems.	SYNGLE BOND 2.	liquid 6g in carious cavity	Single 1 drop
	PRIME & BOND NT	liquid 4.5 ml in carious cavity	Single 1 drop
	Eych gel	gel 5G. in carious cavity	Single Required amount
Temporary sealing materials	Artificial Dentin	Powder 80g, liquid - distilled water in carious cavity	Single 3-4 drops of liquid mix the necessary amount of powder to pasty consistency
	Dentin-paste MD-TEMP	Pasta 40g in carious cavity	Single quantity
Abrasive pastes	Deputy Neo	Pasta 75g For polishing a seal	Single quantity
	Super Polish.	Pasta 45g. For polishing a seal	Single quantity

Other types of treatment:

Other types of treatment rendered on an outpatient level:

according to physiotherapeutic treatment according to testimony (protest electrophoresis)

Treatment Efficiency Indicators:
· satisfactory condition;
· Restoration of the anatomical shape and the function of the tooth;
· Preventing the development of complications;
· Restoration of aesthetics of teeth and tooth rows.

Preparations ( active substances) applied in the treatment

Hospitalization

Indications for hospitalization indicating the type of hospitalization:not

Prevention

Preventive actions:

Primary prevention:
The basis primary prevention of caries teethis the use of methods and means aimed at eliminating the risk factors and the causes of the disease. As a result of preventive measures, the initial stages of carious lesion can be stabilized or exposed to reverse development.

Primary prevention methods:
· Dental education of the population
· individual hygiene oral cavity.
· Endogenous use of fluorides.
· Local use of remineralizing funds.
· Sealing fissor teeth.

Further references:do not be held.

Information

Sources and literature

1. Protocols of the meetings of the Expert Council RCRs MZSR RK, 2015
   1. List of references: 1. Order of the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan No. 473 of 10.10.2006 "On approval of the instructions for the development and improvement of clinical guidelines and protocols of diagnosis and treatment of diseases". 2. Therapeutic dentistry: a textbook for medical university students / ed. E.V. Borovsky. - M.: Medical Information Agency, 2014. 3. Therapeutic dentistry. Teeth diseases: Tutorial: 3 hours / Ed. E. A. Volkov, O. O. Yanushevich. - M.: Gootar Media, 2013. - Ch. 1. - 168 p. : IL. 4. Diagnostics in therapeutic dentistry: Tutorial / T.L. Hydinova, N.Dmitrakova, A.S. Yaypeev, etc. - Rostov N / D.: Phoenix, 2006. -144c. 5. Clinical Materials Science in Dentistry: Tutorial / T.L. Sevich. - Rostov N / D.: Phoenix, 2007. - 312c. 6. Muraviannikova Zh.G. Dental diseases and their prevention. - Rostov N / D: Phoenix, 2007. -446c. 7. Dental composite sealing materials / E.N.Ivanova, I.A. Kuznetsov. - Rostov N / D.: Phoenix, 2006. -96c. 8. FEJERSKOV O, NYVAD B, KIDD EA: Pathology of Dental CARIES; In Fejerskov O, Kidd Eam (EDS): Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. Oxford, Blackwell Munksgaard, 2008, Vol 2, PP 20-48. 9. Allen E Minimal InterventionDentistry and Older Patients. Part1: Risk Assessment and caries prevention./ Allen E, Da Mata C, McKenna G, Burke F.//DENT UPDATE.2014, Vol.41, No. 5, P. 406-408 10. AMAECHI BT Evaluation of Fluorescence Imaging WITH REFLECTANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR EARLY CARIES DETECTION./ AMAECHI BT, Ramalingam K.//am J Dent. 2014, Vol.27, No. 2, P.111-116. 11. ARI T THE PERFORMANCE OF ICDASII USING LOW-POWERED MAGNIFICATION WITH LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE HEADLIGHT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY DEVICE FOR DEPECTION OF OCCLUSAL CARIES ON PRIMARY MOLARS / ARI T, ARI N.// ISRN DENT. 2013, Vol.14 12. BE NNETT T. EME RGI NG Technologies for Diagnosis of Dental Caries: The Road So Far / Bennett T, Amaechi // Journal of Applied Physics 2009, P.105 13. Iain A. Pretty Caries Detection and Diagnosis: Novel Technologies / Journal of Dentistry 2006, №34, P.727-739 14. Mackenzie L, The Minimally Invasive Management of Early Occlusal Caries: A Practical Guide / Mackenzie L, Baneljee A. // Prim Dent J. 2014, Vol. 3, №2, p.34-41. 15. Sinanoglu A. Diagnosis of Occlusal Caries Using Laser Fluorescence Versus Conventional Methods in Permanent Posterior Teeth: A Clinical Study./ Sinanoglu A, Ozturk E, Ozel E.// Photomed Laser Surg. 2014, Vol. 32, №3, P.130-137.

Information

List of protocol developers with qualifying data:
1. Esémbayeva Saul Serikovna - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute of Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University name. Sanzhar Japarovich Asfendiyarova;
2. Abdikarimov Serikkali Zholdasbayevich - Candidate of Medical Sciences., Associate Professor of the Therapeutic Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University named after. Sanzhar Japarovich Asfendiyarova;
3.Usbaeva Bakitgul Mirzashovna - Assistant Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Kazakh National Medical University named. Sanzhar Japarovich Asfendiyarova;
4.Tuletaeva Richan Yesenzhanovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, I.O.Odzenty Department of Pharmacology and Evidence Medicine of the State Medical University. Semia.

Indication for the lack of conflict of interest: not

Reviewers:
1. Margvelashvili V.V. - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Tbilisi State University, Head of Department of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery;
2. Zhanarina Bakhyt Sekersbekovna - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
RGP on PVV ZKGMU M. Sepanova, head of the department of surgical dentistry.

Note Protocol Review Conditions:revision of the Protocol in 3 years or when new diagnostic or treatment methods appear with more high levels evidence.

Attached files

Attention!

• By self-medication, you can apply irreparable harm to your health.
• The information posted on the MedElement website and in MEDElement mobile applications, "Lekar Pro", "Dariger Pro", "Diseases: Therapist's Directory", cannot and should not replace a full-time doctor consultation. Be sure to contact medical facilities in the presence of any diseases or disturbing symptoms.
• The choice of medicines and their dosages should be stated with a specialist. Only a doctor can prescribe the necessary medicine and its dosage, taking into account the disease and the state of the patient's body.
• Website MedElement and Mobile Applications "MedElement (Medleylement)", "Lekar Pro", "Dariger Pro", "Diseases: Directory of Therapist" are exclusively information and reference resources. The information posted on this site should not be used for unauthorized changes to the doctor's prescriptions.
• The editorial office of MedElement is not responsible for any damage to health or material damage resulting from the use of this site.

The caries classification system is designed to streamline the degree of defeat. It helps to choose a technique for further treatment.

Caries is one of the most famous and common diseases of the teeth all over the world. When detecting tissue damage, mandatory dental treatment is required to prevent further destruction of the elements of the dentition.

General

Doctors more than once made attempts to create a single, universal system of human disease classifications.

As a result, in the XX century, "International Classification - ICD" was developed. Since the creation of a single system (in 1948), it was constantly revised and complemented by new information.

The final, 10 in the account revision was conducted in 1989 (hence the name - MKB-10). Already in 1994 International Classification Began to use in countries consisting of the World Health Organization.

In the system, all diseases are distributed over sections and marked with a special code. The diseases of the oral cavity, salivary glands and the K00-K14 jaws belong to the section of the diseases of the K00-K93 digestive system. It describes all pathology of the teeth, not only caries.

The K00-K14 includes the following list of pathologies related to teeth lesions:

• Point k00. Problems with development and teething. Adenctia, the presence of extra teeth, anomalies of the appearance of teeth, collity (fluorosis and other darkening of enamel), disorders of teeth formation, hereditary underdevelopment of teeth, problems with teething.
• Paragraph K01. Retented (immersed) teeth, i.e. The changed position during the rubberization, in the presence or absence of an obstacle.
• Paragraph K02. All types of caries. Enamel, Dentin, cement. Suspended caries. Pulp exposure. Odonotoklasia. Other types.
• Point k03.Various lesions of solid teeth tissues. Erasing, enamel, erosion, granuloma, cement hyperplasia.
• Paragraph K04. Defeat pulp and periapical fabrics. Pulpitis, degeneration and gangrene pulp, secondary dentine, periodontitis (acute and chronic apical), periapical abscess with cavity and without it, various cysts.
• Paragraph K06. The pathologies of the gums and the edges of the alveolar crest. Recession and hypertrophy, injuries of alveolar edge and gum, epulis, atrophic comb, various granulomas.

Paragraph K07. Changes in bite and various jaw abnormalities. Hyperplasia and hypopalsia, macroganatia and micrognising of the upper and lower jaws, asymmetry, proactation, retrognacy, all types of bite disorders, twisted, diasthem, three, offset and rotation of teeth, transposition.

Improper closure of jaws and acquired bite disorders. Diseases of the temporomandibular joint: breakfast, click on the opening of the mouth, pain dysfunction.

• Paragraph K08. Functional problems With a supporting device and a change in the number of teeth due to the effects of external factors. Loss of teeth due to injury, removal or illness. Atrophy of the alveolar crest due to a long lack of tooth. Pathology of alveolar crest.

Consider in detail the section K02 caries teeth. If the patient wants to know that the record made a dentist in the map after the treatment of the tooth, it is necessary to find the code among subsections and explore the description.

K02.0 enamel

Primary caries or chalk spot - primary form of the disease. At this stage there is still no damage to solid tissues, but demineralization and high enamel susceptibility to irritation are already diagnosed.

In dentistry, 2 forms of initial caries are determined:

• Active(White spot);
• Stable (Brown stain).

Caries in active form in the treatment can go or in stable, or completely disappear.

Brown spot is irreversible, it is possible to get rid of the problem only by the preparation with sealing.

Symptoms:

1. Pain- for initial stage It is not characteristic of a toothache. However, due to the fact that the demineralization of the enamel occurs (its protective function is reduced), in the affected area, strong susceptibility can be felt.
2. External violations - visible at the location of the caries on one of the teeth of the outer row. Looks like an imperceptible spot of white or brown shade.

Treatment depends on a specific stage of the disease.

When the stain is Cretaceous, it is assigned a remineralizing treatment and fluorination. When the caries is pigmented, preparation and sealing are performed. For timely treatment And the observance of the Hygiene of the mouth is expected positive forecast.

K02.1 Dentina

A huge number of bacteria live in the mouth. As a result of their vital activity, organic acids occurs. They are guilty of the destruction of basic mineral components, of which the crystal enamel grille consists.

Caries Dentin is the second stage of the disease. It is accompanied by a violation of the structure of the tooth with the advent of the depression.

However, the hole is not always noticeable. Often, the violations can be disturbed only at the reception at the dentist when the probe is entitled to diagnose. Sometimes it is possible to independently notice the caries.

Symptoms:

• the patient is inconvenient to chew;
• paints from temperatures (cold or hot food, sweet foods);
• external disorders that are particularly visible on the front teeth.

Pain sensations can be provoked by one or immediately with several foci of the disease, but quickly pass after eliminating the problem.

There are only a few types of dentin diagnostics - instrumental, subjective, objective. Sometimes it is difficult to detect the disease, exclusively according to the symptoms described by the patient.

At this stage no longer do without born. The doctor drills patients with teeth and installs a seal. In the process of treatment, the specialist not only tries to preserve the tissue, but also the nerve.

K02.2 cement

In comparison with damage to the enamel (initial stage) and dentin, caries cement (root) is diagnosed greatly less often, but is considered aggressive and malicious to teeth.

The root is characterized by relatively thin walls, it means that there are no diseases for the complete destruction of the fabrics. All this can turn into a pulpit or periodontitis, which sometimes leads to the removal of the tooth.

Clinical symptoms depend on the focus concentration location. For example, when placing the cause in a sedentine region, when the swollen gums protects the root from other influences, we can talk about the closed form.

With this outcome, bright symptoms are not observed. Usually, with a closed location of the caries of cement, there are no pain or they are not expressed.

Stock Foto Remote tooth with cement caries

With an open form, in addition to the root, the destruction may also be a trick. Patient may accompany:

• External disorders (especially expressed in front);
• Inconvenience during food intake;
• Pain sensations from stimuli (sweet, temperature, when feeding under the scenes).

Modern medicine allows you to get rid of caries for several, and sometimes in one reception of the dentist. Everything will depend on the form of the disease. If the gum closes the hearth, bleeding or greatly interferes with sealing, then the gums are performed primarily.

After getting rid of soft tissues, the affected area (after or without impact) is temporarily selected by cement and oil dentin. After healing of tissues, the patient comes again to repeated sealing.

K02.3 suspended

The suspended caries is a stable shape of the initial stage of the disease. It is manifested in the form of a dense pigment stain.

Usually, such caries passes asymptomaticly, patients do not complain about anything. Detect stain it is possible at a dental inspection.

Caries has a dark brown, sometimes black. The surface of the tissue is studied by testing.

Most often, the focus of the suspended caries is located in the subsidence and natural depuses (pits, etc.).

The treatment method depends on various factors:

• Spots size - too large formations are prepared and seal;
• From the wishes of the patient - If the stain is on external teeth, then damage is eliminated by photopolymer fillings so that the color coincides with the enamel.

Small dense foci of demineralization are usually located during a time segment with periodicity of several months.

If the teeth are correctly cleaned, and the number of carbohydrate patient consumed will decrease, the future progressive development of the disease may be observed.

When the stain grows and becomes soft, it is prepared and seal.

K02.4 odonotoklasia

Odonotoklasia is a heavy form of dental damage. The disease affects enamel, thinning it and leading to the formation of caries. No one is insured against odonotoklasia.

The appearance and development of damage affects a huge number of factors. There is even bad heredity, the regularity of the mouth of the mouth, the regularity of hygiene of the mouth, chronic disease, metabolic rate, bad habits.

The main visible symptom of odonotoklasia is toothache. In some cases, due to a non-standard clinical form or an increased pain threshold, the patient does not feel.

Then only the dentist will be able to put the correct diagnosis during inspection. The main visual sign, talking about enamel problems - teeth damage.

This form of the disease, like other forms of caries, is treatable. The doctor first cleans the affected area, then seals the painful area.

Avoiding the development of odonotoklasia will help only the quality prevention of the oral cavity and regular inspections from the dentist.

K02.5 with pullups

All tooth fabrics are destroyed, including a pulp chamber - a partition separating dentin from pulp (nerve). If the pulp chamber wall rotched, the infection penetrates into soft fabrics Tooth and cause inflammation.

The patient feels severe pain when food and water in the carious cavity. After her cleansing, pain retreats. In addition, in advanced cases there is a specific smell of mouth.

This condition is considered to be deep caries and requires a long expensive treatment: mandatory removal of "nerve", cleaning of channels, sealing with guttaperch. Several visits of the dentist are required.

Details of the treatment of all types of deep caries are described in the article.

Paragraph added in January 2013.

K02.8 Other View

Another caries is a medium or deep form of a disease that develops in a previously treated tooth (relapse or re-development next to the seal).

The average caries is the destruction of the elements of the enamel on the teeth, accompanied by the attack or constant painful sensations In the field of the hearth. They are explained by the fact that the disease has already moved to the upper layers of Dentin.

The form requires mandatory dental care, in which the doctor removes the affected areas with their subsequent recovery and sealing.

Deep caries - a form that is characterized by extensive damage to the internal tooth tissues. It amazes a significant area of \u200b\u200bDentin.

It is impossible to ignore the disease at this stage, and the refusal of treatment may damage the nerve (pulp).In the future, if you do not use medical help The pulpit or periodontitis develops.

The plot that was affected is fully removed with subsequent reducing filling.

K02.9 Uncomfortable

Uncomfortable caries - a disease that develops not alive, but on depulted teeth (those who have been removed by the nerve). The reasons for the formation of such a form do not differ from standard factors. Usually unspecified caries occurs at the junction of a seal and an infected tooth. His appearance in other areas of the oral cavity is observed much less often.

The fact that the tooth is dead does not protect him from the development of caries. Teeth depend on the presence of sugar penetrating into purph cavity Together with food and bacteria. After saturation, the glucose bacteria begins the formation of an acid leading to the formation of a dental plaque.

Caries depugded tooth is treated according to the standard scheme. However, in this case, there is no need to use anesthesia. Nerva, who is responsible for pain, no longer in the tooth.

Prevention

The diet of a person is strongly affected on the condition of the tissue. To prevent caries, you need to follow some recommendations:

• consume less sweet, flour;
• balance the diet;
• monitor vitamins;
• fierce food well;
• rinse mouth after meals;
• regularly and properly brushing your teeth;
• avoid simultaneous intake of cold and hot food;
• periodically carry out inspection and rehabilitation of the oral cavity.

The video provides additional information on the topic of the article.

Timely treatment will help to quickly and painlessly get rid of caries. Preventive measures Prevent damage to enamel. Always better not to bring to illness than to treat it.

If you have found a mistake, please select the text fragment and click Ctrl + Enter..