In the presence of violations in the functioning of the sinus node on different areas Cardiac muscle can be formed new sources. They provide electrical impulses.

Presented new sources can provide bad influence On the sinus type knot, competing with him or exacerbating his activities.

The wave propagation can be noted on the heart muscle. All presented negative phenomena can be carried out accompanied by arrhythmias and, in the worst case, blockades that are called atrioventricular.

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Conductive heart system

Speaking of heart pulses, it should be noted that they are formed in the formations of a sine node. It is located in the right atrium and is the main one.

It is the sine node that is a guarantee of the frequency of rhythmic abbreviations, which are transmitted after it to the atrocarditricular node.

The latter is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe interpresent partition. The fibers forming the Gis beam are lagging behind. It is located in the partition between the ventricles, of which both its legs come out: right and left. The endings presented are branched and completed on the myocardine cells of the ventricles.

Each of the components of the conductive system can independently create an excitement, and when destabilizing the operation of a certain node, standing above, its functioning will replace the underlying.

However, in such a situation, the degree of frequency of impulse suffers, and, as a result, rhythm, which is largely reduced (from 60 to 20 contractions).

Causes of pathology

The blockade of the heart of 2 degrees is formed due to the following factors:

• genetic predisposition and inherited pathology;
• ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction;
• , angina, myocarditis;
• the use of huge dosages of medicinal components or the use of drugs is not on medical recommendations;
• change the thickness of the heart muscle.

The frequency of heart cuts in an adult person with normal health is equal to 60 to 80 repetitions in 60 seconds. If, within 3-5 seconds, cardiac abnormalities are not marked, then the loss of consciousness is likely. Also, he can begin convulsive cuts, and in the absence of help of specialists death comes.

The presented pathological phenomena is sometimes formed or can be marked continuously. Identified by ECG.

Differences of the blockade of the heart of 2 degrees

With 2 degrees of the cardiac blockade, not each impetus from the atrias is carried out in the region of the ventricles, and therefore some reductions of the represented area fall out.

The ECG is identified primarily for slowing down or optimal complexes.

Only after that the provence is revealed, which corresponds to the reduction of the atrial region, and the reduction of ventricles is not observed. This can occur with each fifth, fourth, third, and any subsequent reduction.

The blockages formed without preceding the deceleration of the implementation can transform into a full cardiac blocking. Treatment when the blockade of 2 degrees is detected largely depends on the leading disease.

In some cases, atropine and izadrin are used. If the frequency of heart cuts is reduced to a large extent, then the permanent electrical stimulation of the heart is used, namely the pacemaker.

Treatment methods

When the blockade is generated on the basis of the pathologies of the heart (myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction), first of all struggle with the leading disease.

The reduction algorithm for blocking 2 and 3 degrees is selected taking into account where the violation of the conductivity is located:

Folk remedies

Using folk recipes To restore health status during cardiac blocks, it is also recommended to agree with a specialist. But first of all it is required to comply with elementary recommendations regarding the lifestyle.

It is necessary to eliminate alcohol and cigarettes, minimizing the use of strong coffee and tea. It is undesirable to use salt, as well as fried and fatty foods.

For speedy recovery from the menu, salted and smoked dishes are eliminated, preference is given to fruits, vegetables, meat and fish with low percentage fatness, as well as similar dairy products.

Folk Medicine may offer the following simple recipesthat will help the heart muscle function fully:

Luke mixing with an apple, for the preparation of which you want to mix 1 small head of the ordinary onion. Next rub on fine grater 1 apple and the resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed. Use the mixture is necessary within 2 times in the breaks between food consumption.

The composition of peppermint, for the preparation of which is used 1 Art. l. finely chopped mint leaves, which poured 200 ml of boiling water. It is required to insist the mixture under the lid at least 60 minutes. The decoction is filtering and used slowly, within 24 hours.

It is necessary to avoid physical and emotional excessive stresses, remember the observance of the rest mode and physical exercises as often as possible.

Effects

The deadlines in which disability comes, are directly dependent on how difficult the leading disease occurs.

The forecast depends on the main disease and the blockade level. A pessimistic forecast is associated with distal blockades, because they are prone to continuous development - the consequences in this case will be the most difficult.

The absolute cardiac blockade of the distal type is identified by the probability of formation trimming states In 70% of cases. The blockade, developing in a proximal algorithm, is determined by the possibility of fainting in 25% of cases.

It should be noted that:

• if the primary attack of Morgali-Adams-rods occurred, and the extension transplant was not carried out, the duration of life is significantly reduced, and will be no more than 2.5 years;
• the percentage of patient survival increases due to permanent stimulation;
• the forecast after the transplant is directly dependent on what the nature of the leading disease is.

If an anti-mocardium infarction has occurred, then with an absolute blockade there is an aggravated defeat of the partition between the ventricles. This means that the forecast is extremely unfavorable: the percentage of mortality from ventricular fibrillation or cardiac insufficiency is identified in 90% of cases.

The blockade of the heart of 2 degrees is a dangerous pathology, which can aggravate the life of a person, provoking a lot of complications. In order to avoid this, you should pass a correct and timely course of treatment.

Sinus node weak syndrome can manifest various forms. One of them is a synoyatrial blockade. This disease is rare, most often in men. Can manifest at any age. It is this disease that we will dedicate this material.

What is a sinoatrial blockade

Inside the heart are born and apply to his body. The sinus node is engaged in their generation, he is in the right atrium. Each pulse emerged towards the atrocaded gastric node and the Gisa beam, or rather, to its legs. Such a mechanism provides a normal reduction in cardiac cameras and is the basis of the normal work of the heart as a whole.

On the path of passing the pulse, obstacles that violate this process can occur. In such a situation, we are talking about blockades that there are several varieties. In the case of a synoinatrial blockade, the pulse cannot normally pass to the underlying departments. With this position of the ideas and ventricles are reduced incorrectly. In some of the moments, the heart passes the impulse and does not respond to it.

Causes of the development of pathology

Several main mechanisms that can run the process of the development of the synoatrial blockade are distinguished. These may be damage to the sinus node, disorders in the process of transition of the pulse on the muscle and changes in the tone wandering nerve. The pulse may not arise at all, or be so weak that the cuts of cardiomyocytes simply does not occur.

There are a lot of factors that can lead to the development of such ailment. Even the abbreviated list looks impressive:

• various heartfall;
• myocarditis;
• rheumatism in cardiovascular form;
• leukemia, other formation and injuries leading to secondary damage to the tissues of the heart muscle;
• heart attack;
• vagotonia and cardiomyopathy;
• reception of some drugs associated with allergies or overdose;
• impact on the body of phosphorodorganic substances;
• the active work of the wandering nerve leads to the development of the transistor form of the disease, which is undergoing by itself.

The child can also be detected by the synoatrial blockade, most often this happens after reaching 7 years. Such violations arise due to vegetative dysfunction. In this case, in most cases the transient form of the disease occurs against the background of a high tone of a wandering nerve. In rare cases, the cause of the synoatrial blockade in children is myocarditis and myocardiodystrophia.

Degree of manifestation and their features

Sinoatrial blockade can be expressed in various degrees. This classification is based on the severity of the disease, its symptoms and complications that may occur in the body.

SA-block 1 degree

For such a state, the functioning is characterized, and even pulses lead to a contractile function. Only occurs this is not with such a frequency that is typical for a normal state. Negative changes are minimal, the pulse passing speed is slightly slow, respectively, the reduction of the heart is less common. The synoyatrial blockade of 1 degree is not fixed on the ECG results. To identify such a state is possible only in bradycardia.

SA-block 2 degrees

In this state, the impulse does not always occur, which changes the periodic absence of abbreviations. The synoyatrial blockade of 2 degrees can be two types: first and second.

For the first type, it is characterized by slowing the signal by the node. In this case, the heart misses the reduction. Periods that correspond to the increase in the time of the pulse are the name of Samoilova - Vestskaha.

With the second type of synoatrial blockade of the second degree after several normal abbreviations, one cut does not occur. The slowdown in this case is not observed.

Manifestations depend on how often the impulse is occur. With rare passes, a person may have discomfort in the stubborn area, shortness of breath and weakness. For frequent dropping The symptoms impulse is similar to that which is noted with a blockade of 3 degrees.

SA-block 3 degrees

This degree of illness is also called a complete blockade, is the most severe. In such a situation, the contractile function of ventricles and atria is disturbed. The lack of abbreviations does not occur as a result of the lack of impulse.

It is possible to identify a similar problem by fading the heart, and noise in the ears. If the cause of the development of the blockade of steel organic lesions Myocardia, the patient with a high probability can develop stagnant heart failure. Often, Morganya syndrome - Adams - Stokes syndrome. It is characterized by dizziness, pallor of the skin, ringing sound in the ears, convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Signs of SA-Blockada in children

The symptoms of the disease in children is not much different from the one on which adults complain. In most cases, parents beat the alarm due to the three major and most common symptoms:

• high fatigue;
• fainting;
• summary of the nasolabial triangle.

Diagnosis of the disease

The main methods that make it possible to identify the presence of a synoatrial blockade are electrocardiography and a similar analysis of the holder. The last method is used in the absence of signs of the disease on the ECG results. Data collection is carried out throughout the three days. In this case, it is possible to make reliable conclusions. Halter research is carried out not only by adults, but also for children.

For diagnostics, a sample with atropine also applies. The essence of the analysis is to enter a substance in the body that affects the heart rhythm. You can judge about the presence of a problem if, after an increase in the pulse, its sharp decline comes.

Another one in an effective way Is ultrasound. According to this study, you can identify the presence of defects, scars and other changes. pathological character in the structure of myocardium.

Treatment

There are several treatment options that are selected by the attending cardiologist, depending on the degree of illness and many other factors. For the disease of the first degree, the specific treatment is not carried out. The patient is recommended to normalize its day mode, change the diet, reduce the load, eliminate stressful situations, cancel the receptions of drugs that can cause such violations in the work of the heart muscle.

In the case of children who are diagnosed with arrhythmic violations, a decrease in the total load on the body and the reduction of circles / sections is recommended. A visit to children's institutions is allowed. Be sure to regularly visit the cardiologist and observe changes in the body.

Urgent Care

If the attack of the SA-blockade occurs unexpectedly, then it is necessary to provide the patient emergency help. Its essence is as follows:

• temporary pacemium;
• indirect heart massage;
• artificial ventilation lungs;
• introduction Atropine and adrenaline.

Preparations

There are a number of drugs that are appointed in various situations:

• with, which manifests itself with the active state of the wandering nerve, the reception of "atropine" and drugs with its content is recommended;
• the attacks are also treated with "atropine", as well as "platifylin" and "nifedipine", but the effect is temporary;
• often patients receive metabolic therapy.

The reception of beta-blockers, preparations with potassium content, amidarone, glycosides and "cordaron" is contraindicated. These drugs have an overwhelming impact on the work of the sinus node and are able to aggravate bradycardia.

Operation

Operational intervention is required at serious cases when other treatment methods are inactive. Basically resort to the installation of the pacemaker. The indication for such treatment is a heavy blockade, accompanied by the attacks of Morganya - Adams - Stokes. Also, the operation is assigned in the bradycardia below 40 shots per minute, which is accompanied by attacks.

Folk remedies

These treatment methods can be used as auxiliary and stuffing, but in no case as basic. The use of any method must be approved by a cardiologist:

1. From the peppermint is made infusion. A large spoon of finely chopped leaves of the plant is poured with a glass of steep boiling water. It insists the mixture for an hour, then fastened and drunk in small portions throughout the day.
2. On two teaspoons of the dry root of Valerians, half the glass of boiling water takes place. Cook a mixture of 10 minutes, cool, filter and take on one big spoon three times a day.
3. Hawthorn flowers (tablespoon) pour a glass of boiling water and insist on a water bath for 20 minutes. A fluid decoction is added boiling water to 200 ml. Before eating it is necessary to drink half a cup.

Prediction and prevention

It is difficult to talk about forecasts in the synoatrial blockade, since many factors take into account. It is necessary to take into account the nature of the course of the main ailment, the degree of illness, the availability of other problems, the age of the patient. The presence of Morganya - Adams - Stokes syndrome is a factor that allows you to make an unfavorable forecast.

The synoatrial blockade continues to be studied. Specialists have not yet managed to form a clear plan. preventive Merthat would help avoid or reduce the likelihood of the formation of SA blockague. It is important to immediately eliminate the reasons that caused the development of the ailment, and constantly observed at the Cardiologist.

When the heart worries and sends signals, you need to react sharply, detect the cause and to deal with it. The consequences of delay can be sad and tragic. In many cases, early diagnosis You can completely eliminate the problem.

The synoatrial blockade (synoyauricular, sa-blockada) is considered one of the variants of the syndrome (SU). This type of arrhythmia can be diagnosed at any age, it is slightly registered with male people, in the overall population it is relatively rare.

In a healthy heart, the electric charge is generated in a sinus unit, which is located in the thicker of the right atrium. From there it extends to the atrocaded gastric node and to the legs of the beam of Gis. Due to the consistent passage of the pulse according to the conductive heart fibers, the correct reduction in its cameras is achieved. If an obstacle arises on some of the sites, then the reduction will be disturbed, then we are talking about the blockade.

With a synodatrial blockade, reproduction of either the proliferation of the pulse to the underlying departments of the conductive system from the main, sinus, node, therefore, the abbreviation and atrial, and ventricles are disturbed. At a certain point, the heart "misses" the impulse you need and is not reduced at all.

Different degrees of sinoatrial blockade require a different therapeutic approach. This violation may not be manifested at all, but may be caused by fainting and even the death of the patient. In some cases, the synoyatrial blockade is constant, in others it is transient. In the absence of a clinic, it can be limited to observation, blockade 2-3 degrees requires appropriate treatment.

Causes of synoatrial blockade

Among the main mechanisms of the synoyouricular blockade are damage to the node itself, a violation of the spread of the pulse on the heart muscle, a change in the tone of the wandering nerve.

In some cases, the impulse is not formed at all, in others - it is, but too weak to cause reduction of cardiomyocytes. In patients with organic myocardium injuries, the pulse meets a mechanical obstacle on its path and cannot go further on conductive fibers. Insufficient sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to an electrical pulse is possible.

Factors leading to a synoyouricular blockade, consider:

1. Cardiovascular form of rheumatism;
2. Secondary damage to the tissues of the heart during leukes and other neoplasms, injuries;
3. (, post-infarction scar);
4. Vagotonia;
5. Intoxication drugs Upon exceeding a permissible dose or individual intolerance -, verapamil, amiodarone, quinidine ,;
6. Phosphoric substance poisoning.

SU work influences the activity of the wandering nerve, Therefore, when it is activated, a violation of the impulse generation and the appearance of SA-blockade is possible. Usually, in this case, they are talking about the transient sa-blockade, which itself appears and also passes. Such a phenomenon is possible in practically healthy people, without anatomical changes in the heart. In isolated cases, idiopathic synoyouricular blockade is diagnosed, when the exact cause of pathology cannot be found out.

Children also have a violation of the synoatrial node. Usually, such arrhythmia is found after 7 years of age, and frequent cause It becomes, that is, the blockade is rather transient, against the background of increasing the tone of the wandering nerve. Among the organic changes in myocardium, which can cause this type of blockade in a child - myocarditis, in which other types can be found along with the Ca blockade.

Varieties (types and degrees) of the synoatrial blockade

Depending on the severity of arrhythmia, several its degrees are distinguished:

• SA-block 1 degree (incomplete) when changes are minimal.
• Ca-block 2 degrees (incomplete).
• Ca-block 3 degrees (complete) - the most severe there is a reduction in both ventricles and atrial.

With a blockade of a sinus node 1 degree node functions, And all impulses cause a reduction in the myocardial atrial, but it happens less frequently than normal. The pulse along the node is slower, so the heart is reduced less often. On the ECG such degree of blockade is impossible to fix, but they are indirectly talking about more rare, which is supposed to reduce the heart.

With a synoyatrial blockade of 2 degrees, the impulse is no longer always formed, The result of which becomes the periodic absence of a reduction in the atria and ventricles of the heart. She, in turn, happens two types:

• SA-block 2 types of type 1 - gradually slows down the electrical signal over a sinus node, as a result of which the next reduction in the heart does not occur. Periods of increasing the time of the pulse are called the periods of Samoilova-Vestcabach;
• Ca-block 2 degrees of type 2 - drops down all the departments of the heart through a certain number of normal abbreviations, that is, without a periodic slowdown in the progress of the pulse on the SA-node;

Xinoauricular blockade of 3 degrees - full, When there is no regular reduction in the heart due to the lack of impulse from the sinus node.

The first two degrees of the blockade are called incomplete, as the sinus node, albeit abnormally, but continues to function. The third degree is complete when impulses do not come to atria.

ECG features at sa-blockade

Electrocardiography - the main way to detect the blockade of the heart, through which the non-coordinated activity of the sinus node is detected.

Ca-block 1 degree does not have characteristic ECG signs, It can be suspected by bradycardia, which often accompanies such a blockade, or shortening the PQ interval (a sign of a non-permanent).

It is reliably about the presence of SA-blockade on ECG, it is possible to speak, starting from the second degree of violation, at which there is no complete heart rate, including atrium and ventricles.

At the ECG at 2 degrees are recorded:

1. Lengthening between the abnormalities of the atrial (P-p), and during the fallout of one of the next abbreviations, this interval will be two or more normal;
2. A gradual decrease in the rr after pause;
3. The absence of one of the next PQRST complexes;
4. During long intervals, absence of pulses may arise abbreviations generated from other rhythm sources (atrio-ventricular node, the legs of the Gis beam);
5. If there is not one, but at once a few abbreviations, the duration of the pause will be equal to several rr, as if they occurred normally.

The complete blockade of the synoatrial node (3 degrees) is considered when the ECG is registered,that is, there are no signs of electrical activity of the heart and its reduction, is considered one of the most dangerous species Arrhythmias, when the probability of the death of the patient is high during an asistolia.

Manifestations and methods of diagnosis of SA-blockada

The symptoms of the synoyatrial blockade is determined by the degree of severity of disorders in the conductive heart fibers. With the first degree, the sign of the blockade is absent, as well as the patient's complaints. In bradycardia, the body "gets used to" to the rare pulse, so the majority of patients do not feel any concerns.

SA-blocks 2 and 3 degrees are accompanied by noise in the ears, dizziness, intelligible feelings in the chest, shortness of breath. Against the background of the rhythm, it is possible total weakness. If the SA-blockade developed due to the structural change of the heart muscle (cardiosclerosis, inflammation), then it is possible to rise with the advent of edema, skin sinushes, shortness of breath, reduction of working capacity, liver increase.

The child has signs of salam blocks differ little from those in adults. Often, parents pay attention to the reduction of working capacity and quick fatigue, the formation of the nasolabial triangle, fainting in children. This serves as a reason to appeal to the cardiologist.

If the gap between the abbreviations of the heart is too long, paroxysms (MAC) may be manifested when the influx is sharply shortened. arterial blood To the brain. This phenomenon is accompanied by dizziness, loss of consciousness, noise, ringing in the ears, causal muscle contractions are possible, involuntary emptying bladder and the rectum as a result of a pronounced brain hypoxia.

fainting with MAC syndrome due to the blockade of the sinus node

It can be carried out within 72 hours. Long-term ECG monitoring is important in those patients who, when suspected the presence of arrhythmias in a conventional cardiogram, could not detect changes. During the study, a transient blockade can be recorded, the Episode of the SA-Blockade at night or during exercise.

Children also holds Halter monitoring. Diagnostically significant is the detection of pauses lasting for more than 3 seconds, and bradycardia is less than 40 shots per minute.

Indicative is a sample with atropine. The introduction of this substance to a healthy person will cause an increase in the frequency of heart abbreviations, and with sa-blockade, the pulse will first double, and then it will also rapidly decrease - the blockade will occur.

To eliminate other cardiac pathology or search for the causes of the blockade can be carried out, which will show the vice, structural changes of myocardium, the scarring zone, etc.

Treatment

Ca-block 1 degree does not require specific therapy. Usually, for the normalization of the rhythm, it is enough to treat the main disease that caused the blockade, to normalize the mode of the day and lifestyle, or cancel drugs that could disrupt the automatism of the sinus node.

Transient sa-blockade against the background of the increased activity of the wandering nerve is well treated with the appointment of atropine and its drugs - bellataminal, Amizil. The same drugs are used in pediatric practice during Vagotonia, which causes the transient blockade of the sinus node.

SA-block attacks can be treated with medication using atropine, platifillin, nitrates, nifedipinebut, as practice shows, the effect of conservative treatment Only temporary.

Patients with a blockade of a sinus node are prescribed metabolic therapy aimed at improving myocardial trophic - Riboxin, Mildronate, Cocarboxylase, Vitamin Mineral Complexes.

With fixed sala blockade it is impossible to take beta blockers, heart glycosides, cordaron, amiodaron, potassium preparations, Because they can cause an even greater difficulty of automatism and aggravation of bradycardia.

If the SA-node blockade leads to pronounced changes in well-being, causes an increase in heart failure, often accompanied by fainting with a high risk of a heart stop, then the patient is offered to be implanted. The testimony may also become the attacks of Morgali-Adams - Stokes and bradycardia below 40 blows every minute.

With a suddenly occurring heavy blockade with the attacks of Mrojan-Adams-Stokes, temporary pacemium is needed, shows an indirect heart massage and artificial lung ventilation, introduced atropine, adrenaline. In other words, a patient with similar attacks may require full-fledged resuscitation activities.

If the exact causes of the development of the synoatrial blockade, it was not possible to establish, the effective measures for the prevention of this phenomenon do not exist. Patients who have already recorded changes to the ECG should be adjusted by drugs that prescribe a cardiologist to normalize the lifestyle, as well as to regularly visit the doctor and remove the ECG.

Children with arrhythmias often recommend to reduce general level Loads, reduce classes in sports sections and circles. A visit to children's institutions is not contraindicated, although there are specialists who advise to limit the child and in this. If there is no risk for life, and the episodes of SA-blockade are rather single and transit, it makes no sense to isolate a child from school lessons or hiking in kindergartenBut observation in the clinic and regular inspection is necessary.

Video: Lesson on synoatrial and other types of blockad

Dizziness, pain in the heart area (blades). Halter (SA-blockage 2 Speps 2Type) Halter monitoring (SA-Blocade 2 types 2) Hello! I am 20 years old. There was pain in the heart of the heart, it continues for 3 weeks, dizziness frequent, before bedtime, it seems to freeze the heart, the feeling of fear of death (without ending the pressure and pulse), is very scary there is a lot of tests: the ECG showed nothing (made 6 times ), heart ultrasound is normal, gastroscopy (superficial focal reflux gastritis, moderately pronounced bulbs, pylorit, moderate reflux-esophagitis); blood tests from veins and fingers in tolerances, urine analysis too, hormones are normal, thyroid Normally, breasts (ultrasound) are normal, ultrasound internal organs In perfect order, the fluorography (lungs and hearts unchanged) said to make a Halter this is what is written in conclusion: during the entire observation period, the predominantly sinus rhythm (92.8%) was recorded, which was interrupted by sinus arrhythmia. CCS average 86ood / min, minimum 49 (sleep), maximum 156 (lifting the stairs) is predominantly minus bradycardia over the entire period of observation of 4C46M: in the active period, it is 13 minutes, in a passive - 4 h33m circadian index is 1.60, which indicates a significant decrease heart rate at night. Conducting disorder: Pauses lasting over 2000ms have not been detected. The pauses 2 R-R are detected due to the SA-blockade of 2 degrees (total-9). Maximum R-R The interval is 1620ms (Ca-blocking 2 of the type 2). A single complex of a sinus complex with aberration (transient blockade of PVLNPG). The PQ intrusted is 176ms within the normal range. Rhythm rhythm digestive disorders were found: 3 ventricular extrasystoles were found, so on inserts, of which isolated 3. The elevation of the ST segment duration 1172 (85%) was revealed in the channel A, V. The maximum element is 349MKV (early syndrome Repolarization of ventricles) Analysis of the intrusted Qt: on the maximum heart rate is 286ms, at minimum-408ms. Medium for the entire observation period-347ms.

Frames of the cardiovascular system are most invisible for the patient. But until a certain point. Many diagnoses are postfactum, after opening the body. Some diseases do not give any symptoms at all, do not affect the anatomical state of the muscular organ.

The synoyatrial blockade is a violation of the movement of the electrical pulse from the natural rhythm driver (sinus node) to the underlying heart chambers (atrial and ventricles). Several heart structures are involved immediately, from here a generalized violation of his work.

The signal does not reach the ventricles, because they are reduced incorrectly (punishes occur).

With prolonged lesion, it develops: cameras that do not receive an external pulse begin to generate it independently. This can lead to a fatal outcome in the short term.

The treatment is carried out under the control of the cardiologist, better in the hospital before the detection of all nuances. Complete recovery presents some difficulties: more often, the synoatrial blockade acts by secondary pathology, flowing against the background of other diseases.

The correct pattern of therapy is the simultaneous impact on the cause and symptomatic component.

With the normal state of affairs, the muscular organ works autonomously and does not need third-party stimulation. Uninterrupted functioning is ensured by the presence of a special accumulation of active cell-cardiomyocyte cells - sinus node. It is located in the right atrium.

The task of this anatomical structure is to generate an electrical impulse that forces the remaining chambers to shrink.

With a synoyatrial (Ca) blockade, the generation is broken, or the propagation of the pulse into the underlying chambers of the heart. The result is the impossibility of proper stimulation of ventricles.

Since they do not receive the desired team, the full reduction is also not happening. The body seeks to compensate for this provision. Cameras begin to signal themselves, spontaneously excited.

But on the one hand, the intensity is not enough for high-quality blood release, with another ventricle cease to coordinate the actions.

Reduction turn out to be chaotic, disorderly. Fibrillation develops, which is highly likely leads to a heart stop.

Another point is the excessive activity of the sinus node itself. This is another compensatory mechanism. The organ begins to produce the impulse more often to at least somehow reach ventricles.

As a result, the patient with a launched synoyatrial blockade has two dangerous process In history: Tachycardia as a result of excessive operation of a natural rhythm driver and fibrillation.

Do not notice these signs difficult, therefore the diagnosis is appointed relative to early stages. Although the position is not always described so critical. The patient can live with pathology for years, without even suspecting any problems.

Classification and degree

Typification is carried out by the severity of the state.

• Ca block 1 degree. It is the initial phase of the disease. Symptoms are missing, there is no change in well-being. The patient is active, engaged in everyday affairs.

It is possible to detect problems during sports, especially at a professional level. Excessive load leads to acceleration heart Rhythm, violation of myocardial cutness, discomfort in chest.

Additionally, intensive shortness of breath and loss of consciousness in the type of surface frustration are discovered. After the rest, everything falls into place. An objective picture is made of minor fall arterial pressure and cardiac frequencies.

• Ca block 2 degree - This is an incomplete violation of the conductivity of the impulse. The contractility is still normal, the activity of the sinus node is normal or slightly reduced.

At this stage, strong tachycardia occurs, but the reverse process is also possible. Dyspnea, sleep disorders, insufficient portability of physical exertion. All this moments inherent pathology.

Depending on the Picture of the ECG, two types of the described state are distinguished:

SA blockage 2 degree 1 type - chaotic abbreviation transmission is found on the chart, usually two or more in a row, it is possible with an increase in the pulse time (Samoilov-Wishbach periods). Clinically, this form is especially dangerous, because more often causes a spontaneous stop of the heart without the possibility of urgent resuscitation by routine methods.

Ca block for 2 types of type 2 - Boots are missing symmetrically: there is an alternation of a normal reduction and passing it.

• Cinoauricular blockade of 3 degrees is considered a terminal stage. It takes from several months to its development, depending on the aggressiveness of the state and its root cause.

Electrocardiography shows weak contractions. In severe cases, the indicator degenerates almost into the straight line. There is a high risk of asystole or a heart stop. It may happen at any time.

The patient needs to urgently hospitalize. The synoatrial blockade of 3 degrees are extremely difficult. Requires radical measures. If lucky and deviations from other bodies have not yet arisen, transplantation will help, which in itself is difficult to feasible due to lack of donors.

In essence, the synoatrial blockade is a kind. It is similar to the defeat of the His beam legs and on manifestations, and according to the forecast.

But there is much more aggressive, gives more complications and carries a huge danger, since the violation concerns both ventricles at once, and at the SERDS suffer on 2-3 stages.

The reasons

Development factors are always cardiac. On the one hand, it facilitates the diagnosis. On the other hand, it initially worsens the forecast.

• Poisoning phosphorus compounds. Usually this mineral fertilizers. Patients working in harmful chemical enterprises are especially risky. As soon as dangerous factor Eliminated, the probability of restoring the normal state of health is almost maximum.

Patients S. acute intoxications Need to immediately hospitalize for specific medical events. The forecast in this case is relatively favorable.

• Congenital and acquired heart defects. What kind of big role does not play. It may be stenosis, mitral prolapse, aortic valvesViolations anatomical development Partitions and other states.

The problem is that it is extremely difficult to detect them if every six months is not to access the cardiologist for the planned survey.

Finds are random for the most part, because the pathological processes are found already on irreversible stages. Some cases and are completely sacrificed postfactum when a person died.

The synocatrial blockade of this species is fixed in the framework of the main surgical treatment.

• Overdose drugs. Ironically, but funds designed to reduce blood pressure, eliminate arrhythmia, that is, medicines aimed at improving the heart can kill the patient in a matter of hours.

Amiodaron, "County", "Digoxin", Glycosides in general, beta blockers possess a special danger. Among third-party funds are psychotropic, including neuroleptics, antidepressants, tranquilizers.

Possible provocation of this effect on the background of use oral contraceptives. All drugs must be appointed only by a specialist after careful diagnosis.

• Myocarditis. Inflammation of the heart muscle. Represents infectious, less an autoimmune disease. Requires urgent medical care in the hospital.

Ambulatory so dangerous state is not treated, because on the background there are complications up to heart attack or heart stop. Antibiotics in shock doses or immunosuppressants are used.

As a rule, the state is secondary. Develops as a complication cold illness, rheumatism and others. The synoyatrial blockade after transferred severe myocarditis itself does not pass.

• Vegeta dystonia. Strictly speaking, it does not apply to cardiac issues. However, the normal innervation of the cardiovascular system is disturbed. Hence the deviations in the conductivity of the electrical impulse.

It is a complex symptomatic complex. Manifested by many moments: from tachycardia, before dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath and others.

It is not considered an independent diagnosis, you need to seek the cause of this state. Usually it is about hormonal imbalance or pathologies of actually cerebral structures.

• Rheumatism. An autoimmune damage of cardiomyocyte cells. Body protective forces designed to cover the body destroy own fabrics. The reasons for such a deviation are not fully known. However, rheumatism pretty quickly destructs cardiac cells, causing coarse scarring and pronounced heart failure with a synoinatrial blockade.
• Moopathy. The growth of the muscular layer, also dilatation (expansion) of the heart chambers. Recovery does not seem possible due to an anatomical nature of deviation. Requires supporting therapy under the control of a specialist. Read more about cardiomyopathy and its types.

• Infarction and, as a result, scarring of affected areas (cardiosclerosis). Ends in a significant decrease in the conductivity of the natural pathways of the electrical pulse. Treatment is required urgently. There is always a risk of fatal outcome.

In fully healthy people, the synoatrial blockade is also possible. Spontaneous, transit, transient sala blocks are a consequence of an increase in the activity of the wandering nerve.

Such states can be dangerous, but they only last a few minutes, the maximum of half an hour. Patients with a missing cardiac history and neurologists are observed in an objective picture without organic deviations.

Attention:

The probability that the first attack will be the only one, but it is not great. Most likely, we are talking about impaired brain or endocrine system.

In the absence of data for pathology and functional disorders In general, they speak the idiopathic form of the synoatrial blockade. This is a relatively rare option. Usually, diagnostic problems do not occur due to the evidence of the main process.

Symptoms stage 1

At an early stage, there are no manifestations at all or they are scarce. The clinical picture is folded from two signs:

• Pronounced shortness of breath. But only after intense exercise. The average person is not so active to notice the deviation from the norm. In part, it is possible to suspect the problems according to the results of specialized tests (cycle ergometry), but they prescribe such a study only by testimony.
• Tachycardia. Acceleration of the heart rate due to excessive generation of an electrical impulse, against the background of the incomplete conductivity of the signal to the ventricles. The compensatory mechanism is activated. But he is initially flawed, it is not able to influence the position of things.
  Both features are detected only after severe exercise. An ordinary person does not notice the problem, because the diagnosis of 1 stage is almost no possible.

Symptoms on 2-3 stages

2-3 phases are accompanied by a number of rough changes in the state:

• Pain in chest. Goes or burning. Unlike the same angina, episodes are so small that the patient does not have time to pay attention to them. The discomfort is described as a instant unpleasant feeling that immediately disappears. Duration - from a pair of seconds to several minutes.
• Dyspnea. Against the background of minimal physical activity or alone. It is extremely difficult, the patient is not able to work, perform daily responsibilities. Even a campaign to the store becomes akin to achievement. Correquency is difficult. Usually such patients give a group of disability.
• Severity in the chest. The feeling seemed to have sewn a huge stone.
• Tachycardia, and reverse process. Increase and decrease the frequency of heart rate. One other can be replaced. In parallel, other arrhythmias arise. Fibrillation of ventricles. The number of movements reaches 300-400, but they are visible only on electrocardiography.
• Cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle.
• Increased sweating at night especially.
• Pallor skin.
• Funny, can be repeated for the same day.
• Headache.
• Vertigo, inability to navigate in space.
• Weakness, drowsiness. Long drop in labor activity.
• Apathy, reluctance to do something.

The synoyatrial blockade of 2 degrees is accompanied by all the manifestations described, but the treatment still has prospects.

Diagnostics

It is conducted under the control of the cardiologist. A group of methods is assigned:

• Oral survey patient and collection of anamnesis. The way to objectize complaints, formalize the symptoms and make a clinical picture.
• Fractional pressure measurement, heart rate.
• Daily monitoring using a special tonometer. Allows you to evaluate both CSS and AD for 24 hours in natural conditions for a patient.
• Electrocardiography. Study of functional indicators. Used as the main measure.
• Echocardiography. Ultrasonic tissue visualization method. Vices are diagnosed in this way.
• Blood test is common, hormones and biochemical.
• MRI by testimony.

As part of the expanded examination, the neurologist is attracted. It is also possible to appoint advice from a specialist working with the deviations of a hormonal background.

Symptoms on ECG

There are no changes in the first stage. It is impossible to detect problems. Either the features are so nonspecified that they do not give ideas about the nature of the process.

2 degree detects the most pronounced changes to the ECG:

• Skipping several pulses in a row. Objectively manifests itself in the complete absence of PQRST complexes on the graph. This is 1 type.

For the 2nd typical alternate dropping out of abbreviations. There is no and so on. The occurrence of defective movements may appear as minor waves.

• P-P elongation.
• Acceleration or slowdown in the intensity of the muscular organ.

SA blocade on ECG has traits of tachycardia, or bradycardia and uneven contractual activities.

The third stage is accompanied by a violation of functional activity. The schedule degenerates almost into the straight line.

Paths of treatment

The main method of state correction is operational. The implantation of the pacemaker, which will lead the rhythm artificially.

Medical impact is a temporary measure and an incomplete effect.

In the period of sharp attacks against the background of vegetative, nervous dysfunction assigned:

• Nitroglycerine.
• Atropine or amizil.

It is impossible to abuse drugs, they provoke hazardous forms of arrhythmias during excessive use.

In the long run, vitamin and mineral complexes are prescribed with enough magnesium and potassium, cardioprotectors (mildronat).

Attention:

Antiarrhythmic use is categorically not recommended, probably aggravating the state.

Forecast

Relatively favorable against the background of systematic drug treatment.

If the pacemaker is implanted and the operation has passed successfully, the survival rate increases to 90-95% in perspective of 10 years or more.

The absence of therapy is associated with almost 100% of the probability of death in a short period of time.

The pathological process is not always able to cure a surgically. Some patients with pronounced heart defects, severe concomitant states, senile age, the operation can be contraindicated.

However, it is impossible to neglect the chance. First, try to stabilize the patient, then still consider radical interference. Otherwise there is no chance of recovery.

Possible complications

Among the consequences:

• Asian and heart stop. The most likely outcome without treatment.
• Heart attack.
• Stroke. Acute circulatory breakdown in cerebral structures.
• Vascular dementia as a result of insufficient nutrition of the brain.

The prevention of dangerous moments is one of the tasks of therapy.

Finally

Sinoatrial (synoyauricular) blockade - a complex process: the essence of it in the violation of the movement of the electrical impulse from the natural driver of the rhythm to the ventricles and atria.

It is the path to the fall of the contractile ability of myocardium, the spontaneous formation of abnormal foci, the chaotic work of the muscular organ.

Treatment urgent, delay reduce the chances of recovery. Forecast with operational intervention favorable.