Any antibiotics, including amoxiclav, must be carefully dispensed. It is necessary to take into account the age and weight of the patient, the disease. The drug amoxiclav dosage in practice may differ from the specified in official instruction Depending on the portability of it active substances and patient health features, so before using the medication, you must consult with your doctor.

The official description of amoxiclava contains information that this antibiotic affects the cell membranes of bacteria. When using the drug with the content of this substance, the destruction of microorganisms shells occurs, as a result of which they die. Since many bacteria over time, the mechanism of protection against simple antibiotics (including penicillins, to the number of which include the Amoxiclave preparation), the recipe includes the acid of clavulanic and amoxicillin. The first is responsible for braking the production of specific substances blocking the effect of the antibiotic.

Thanks to this combination, the drug affects wide spectrum Bacteria regardless of the form of release. The original application instruction contains a complete list of microorganisms with which amoxiclav helps to cope.

Good to know! All forms of release and dosage of the drug do not help destroy the pathogens of chlamydia and mycoplasmosis, does not oppress the activity of enterobacteria, Pseudomonad, Legionell.

It is recommended to take the drug while eating. After the reception, it is worth drinking more water, since the active substances are derived mainly through the kidneys. In this regard, the renal status is taken into account to calculate the dosage. What daily dose The funds will be most effective for a separate patient, but it does not harm its health, the doctor defines.

Good to know! In some cases, the improper calculation of the amoxiclava dose leads to renal failure and intoxication.

Release form and method of use of amoxiclava

The most common way to use amoxiclava is oral administration. More often than others in pharmacies you can find an antibiotic in the form of tablets. They are presented in the following forms of amoxiclava:

1. Classic tablets covered with film shell. They are packaged in blister packs of 10 or 14 pieces.
2. Instant tablets, not covered with film shell "Amoxiclav Kviktab". Packed in standard blisters of 10 tablets in each.

When choosing such dosage forms You can choose a standard or enhanced dosage. Doctors prescribe doses down to patients with acute infection. With a protracted course of infection, elevated dosages of the drug are prescribed.

Important! The multiplicity of reception and dose to one use of amoxiclava is determined individually by the doctor!

In addition to the Tablets in therapy of bacterial infections, the use of other dosage forms of amoxiclava is common:

1. Powder for the preparation of suspension for intake. Its use allows you to accurately calculate the dosage by weight of the patient, so it is often used to treat children. The means in the vials, from which 100 ml of suspension is obtained for intake. In pharmacies, they can be purchased piece or packing 5 pieces each.
2. Powder for the preparation of a solution for intravenous infusion, which contains 600 or 1200 mg of active substances for one bottle. One package contains 5 powder bottles.

Before calculating the dosage of these forms of the drug, the doctor determines the weight of the patient, its age, as well as the duration of the development of the disease. Thus, chronic sinusitis, rhinitis or cystitis will require the use of large doses than acute forms Inflammation.

What are the doses of amoxiclava

What are the dosages of amoxiclava and separately taken components in various dosage forms, can be found from the description of drugs or instructions for use. Standard dosage table for all dosage forms:

Everyone, without exception, amoxiclava forms, the dosage for adults is higher than for children. The latter is recommended by weight to calculate the number of components entering the body. This provision is relevant if the patient's weight is less than 40 kg. If it is more, you can use adult dosages.

Note! In the treatment of infections, the dosage can be changed in the presence of kidney pathologies.

Doses of adult man

The solution, which dosages to choose for an adult patient are accepted by a doctor. An important role is played by the degree of damage to organs and tissue infection:

• with the light and moderate severity of the disease, adults are recommended to drink amoxyclav in a dosage of 375 mg every 8 hours, or 625 mg every 12 hours;
• with a severe degree of illness and damage to the bronchopulmonary system, amoxiclav is prescribed in a dosage of 625 mg every 8 hours or 1000 mg every 12 hours;
• when detecting odontogenic infections, use the minimum dosage circuit - 375 mg three times a day or 625 mg twice a day.

If the body weight value in the patient does not reach 40 kg, calculate the adult dosage of amoxiclava is recommended at the rate of 50 mg / 1 kg of weight. The same scheme is used when appointing injections. View accurate dosages of amoxiclava can be inside the cover on the bottle with a powder for the preparation of the solution.

Important! On a day, an adult patient undesirable to take more than 6000 mg of the drug.

Dosages for children

For small patients, the daily dose of amoxiclava is always calculated based on the table in the instructions:

• up to 3 months, amoxiclav is prescribed in the amount of 30 mg / 1 kg of weight per day with a division into 3 receptions per day;
• from 3 months to 12 years, the daily dose is calculated by the formula 20 mg / 1 kg of weight with a light degree of illness, or 40 mg / 1 kg with severe infections, the resulting volume of the drug is divided into 3 parts and are given at equal intervals;
• from 12 years old, children can be taken adult dosages.

The duration of the treatment of children usually does not exceed 5-7 days. It is twice as smaller than adults. If necessary, the doctor can extend the course of therapy with an antibiotic.

Overdose and side effects

When using amoxiclava, overdose occurs only with a significant deviation from the recommended doses. Nevertheless, patients need to conduct regular control of well-being during treatment. Most often, an overdose by amoxiclav in adults is expressed in violation of the functions of the liver caused by amoxicillin intake and clavulanic acid. It is expressed in the taste of bitterness in the mouth, belching, the sensation of pressure in the hypochondrium. Often there is a number of side effects from the digestive system.

In the elderly, an overdose is often accompanied by the impaired kidney functions, requiring an adequate therapeutic response, including hemodialysis. In especially severe cases, defeat arises nervous system. It is evidenced by anxious arousal, insomnia, dizziness of various intensity up to the loss of consciousness.

In children, as a result of an overdose of amoxiclava, severe disorders of kidney functions may occur, requiring adequate and urgent therapy, hemodialysis and other rehabilitation procedures. However, more often they have pain in the stomach and dyspeptic disorders, allergic reactions.

Amoxiclav - popular drug Treatment From the category of antibiotics. It is often appointed with therapists and pediatricians in the treatment of chronic infectious diseases. What are the medical features of Amoxiclava, what are his contraindications, and how to apply it correctly?

Composition and pharmacological action Amoxiclava

Amoxiclav consists of two main components. First of all, it is a semi-synthetic penicillin - amoxicillin, as well as clavulanic acid. Each component has its own function. Amoxicillin refers to the number of antibiotics, but clavulanic acid does not have a noticeable antibacterial effect. What then is her appointment?

As you know, it is one of the first antibiotics, obtained in the middle of the last century. During its use, they showed their high efficiency. But at the same time, many bacteria managed to develop resistance to them. How bacteria protection is running against antibacterial drugs?

Amoxicill affects the cell membrane of bacteria, tying one of the enzymes included in its composition. As a result, the cell wall loses its strength, and the bacterium is destroyed. However, many types of bacteria began to produce special substances - beta lactamases that block the effect of antibacterial agents. Thus, amoxicillin has become displaced for most bacteria.

Clawulanic acid is designed just to combat beta lactamases. Binding to amoxiciline, it makes its molecules immune to beta lactamases. This effect is manifested in relation to most types of beta lactamas produced by bacteria.

Thus, the use of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid allows you to expand the spectrum of antibacterial activity, compared with pure amoxicillin. If amoxicillin can only affect a limited number of bacteria that are not capable of producing beta-lactamases, then amoxicillin, connected to clavulanic acid, is active against most bacteria causing infectious diseases. Among bacteria that can destroy the drug, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The main types of amoxiclava sensitive bacteria:

• streptococci
• staphylococci
• shigella
• klebsiella
• brucella
• echinococci,
• helicobacter
• klostridia,
• hemophilic stick
• salmonella
• proteus.

Bacteria resistant to amoxiclava:

• enterobacter
• pseudomonada
• chlamydia
• mycoplasma,
• legionella,
• iracinia

and some others.

Pharmacokinetics

Amoxiclava components are well absorbed into the blood and are evenly distributed in the main tissues and liquid media of the body, which ensures the universal therapeutic effect of the drug. In this case, the components do not penetrate through the hematostephalic barrier. However, the substances included in the amoxiclava can penetrate the placental barrier during pregnancy and in small quantities go into breast milk in nursing women. Amoxicillin is weakly metabolized and excreted almost unchanged through the kidneys. In contrast, clavulanic acid turns into metabolites, which are derived from the body with urine. The period of removal of half of the components with healthy kidneys is 1-1.5 hours. The drug can also be output from the body with hemodialysis.

Medium pharmacokinetic indicators

Form release

Amoxiclav is mainly produced in tablet form. There are two varieties of this form. The main is tablets coated with film shell, intended for swallowing and dissolving in the intestine. There are also instant tablets, resolved in the mouth. You can also purchase a preparation in the form of a suspension (powder requiring dilution), and in bottles containing powder from which you can prepare a solution for intravenous administration.
Amoxiclava tablets may have the following dosage:

• 250 mg +125 mg,
• 500 mg +125 mg,
• 875 mg +125 mg.

The first figure denotes the dosage of amaxicillin, and the second - clavulanic acid. The drug is produced by the Slovenian pharmaceutical company LEK.

A 500/1000 mg of amoxicillin (100/200 mg of clavulanic acid, respectively) can be in powder for preparing a solution of amoxiclava for intravenous administration (100/200 mg of clavulanic acid, respectively). Powder dosage options for the preparation of amoxiclava suspension - 125, 250 and 400 mg (amoxicillin). The suspension medicine is recommended to use for the treatment of children under 12, although its use and adults are not excluded. Assembly, instant pills amoxyclav Kviktab 875 mg +125 mg are also available.

Indications of the drug Amoxiclav.

The sphere of use of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid includes the treatment of various infectious diseases, whose causative agents are bacteria. But most often this combination is appointed in the treatment of sharp respiratory diseases. Amoxiclav reduces the severity of the symptoms of the disease and reduces its duration.

Under which infections are the use of the drug:

• diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, lungs;
• urological, andrological and gynecological diseases;
• skin diseases caused by bacterial infection;
• infections of connective and bone tissue;
• infectious cholecystitis and cholangitis.

Bacterial diseases of the respiratory organs in which the drug can be appointed:

• pharyngitis,
• tonsillitis,
• laryngitis,
• rhinitis,
• hymorite
• sinusitis,
• pneumonia,
• pleurisy,
• bronchitis,
• tracheitis.

Bacterial infections of urination and genital organs, in which the use of the drug is possible:

• pyelonephritis
• urethritis,
• prostatitis,
• adnexitis
• endometritis,
• salpingitis.

Contraindications

The drug has few contraindications. Amoxiclave can be treated for children, including both breasts. For infants, you can use a suspension and a solution for intravenous administration. Can use preparation and pregnant women (under the control of the doctor). The main contraindication for the reception of amoxiclava is the intolerance to the preparations of the penicillin group, as well as cephalosporins and other betelactam antibacterial agents. Also, it is impossible to take amoxiclave to persons suffering from severe forms of hepatic insufficiency, infectious mononucleosis and lympholoicosis, those who have previously led amoxicaline to the development of cholestatic jaundice.

Reception of the drug also depends on the patient's kidney state. People with renal failure (having creatinine clearance below the norm) should be prescribed smaller doses of amoxiclava compared to the usual.

Correction of doses for renal failure

Patients located on hemodialysis are assigned a tablet 500 + 125 mg 1 time per day or 2 tablets 250 + 125 mg 1 time per day. In addition, it is accepted on a tablet 500 + 125 or 2 tablets 250 + 125 mg mg during dialysis.

Children under 12 do not prescribe the tableted forms of amoxiclava. For them, it is preferable to use a suspension.

The use of amoxiclava during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Amoxiclav is prescribed with caution during pregnancy. Its use is possible in cases where the potential benefit for the mother is higher than that harm, which can be applied to a developing fetus. When lactation, the drug can also be used. However, if there is a need to use amoxiclav with breastfeeding, it is recommended to pre-consult with the doctor.

Side Effects Amoxiclava

The drug is good tolerability, and side effects When receiving amoxiclava, infrequently appear. The most common side effects associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Like any antibiotic, amoxiclav destroys not only pathogenic organisms, but also normal microflora intestines. Therefore, with a long-term course of treatment with amoxiclav, phenomena associated with dysbacteriosis - dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain.

Candidosis can develop on the skin, mucous membranes and in the oral cavity - the damage to the fungi of the genus candidate. Side effects associated with dysbacteriosis are the most common when receiving amoxiclava. Also, against the background of the amoxiclava, many women may have candidomic colpit (thrush).
Another group of amoxiclave side effects is allergic reactions. They can manifest, for example, in the form of rash on the skin, urticaria, dermatitis. In this case, it is recommended to stop taking the drug and consult with the doctor. It is extremely rare due to amoxiclava taking, anaphyactic shock may appear.

When using amoxiclava, the side effects associated with violation of the liver functions can appear - cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis. These phenomena were most often observed in the elderly and men, especially with a long-lasting course of treatment.

There may also be other sideflines: headaches, dizziness, insomnia, changes in the composition of blood (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis), anemia, changes in urine (crystalluria, blood appearance), pseudomambranous colitis.

Overdose by amoxiclav

IN clinical practice Indeed cases of overdose that led to a fatal outcome. When taking the drug in doses, noticeably exceeding the instructions prescribed, may be observed:

• abdominal pain,
• diarrhea,
• vomiting
• excitation,
• anxiety,
• insomnia,
• dizziness.

Treatment with the overdose of amoxiclava is symptomatic, the reception of activated carbon, washing the stomach is shown.

Instructions for use

The dosage of amoxiclava may depend on many factors - the type of disease, its gravity, the age of the patient, the functionality of its kidneys, etc. Therefore, an infectious physicist or therapist should be appointed an accurate dose. Too low dose of amoxiclava can lead to the fact that bacteria will be immune to it and it will be able to develop resistance, and too high entails the risk of adverse events.

In case of infections leaking with low intensity, one pill is assigned to amoxiclava 250 + 125 mg three times a day or a tablet 500 + 125 twice a day. With severe diseases, 3 amoxiclava 500 + 125 mg per day or 2 tablets 875 + 125 mg per day can be assigned.

In one-hydrogen infections, it is usually assigned to a tablet 250 + 125 mg every 8 hours or a tablet 500 + 125 mg every 12 hours. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Children dose are prescribed, based on their weight. It should be remembered that for children it is preferable to use a suspension, not a pill. In case of infections occurring in light and medium form, it is recommended to apply a dose of 20 mg / kg of weight, with severe infections should be enlarged. Amoxiclava packaging is equipped with a special instruction that allows you to calculate the dose for children in various cases.

Powder for the preparation of suspension is produced in three versions.

Doses of active substances on 5 ml powder for suspension

Doses of suspension 125 + 31.25 mg for children

Doses of suspension 250 + 62.5 mg for children

Specified in the tables the volume of the drug needs to give a child 3 times a day

Doses of suspension 400 mg + 57 mg for children

The volume specified in the table must be given to the child 2 times a day

When selecting the desired dose, it is necessary to proceed from the mass of the body of the child, and not from age.

With insufficient kidney functionality, the dose should be adjusted. With reduced creatinine clearance (10-30 ml / min) maximum dose Amoxiclava is one tablet 500 + 125 mg twice a day after 12 hours, with a clearance of less than 10 ml - this tablet can be taken more often than once every 24 hours.

The medicine should be taken through strictly certain intervals. Thus, if a reception of three tablets per day is assigned, they should be taken exactly after 8 hours, for example, at 8, 16 and 24 hours. If the drug is appointed twice a day, then the tablets should be taken after 12 hours. This method allows to maintain a constant concentration of the drug in the blood, as a result of which the efficiency of amoxiclava will be maximum.

The absorption of active substances into the blood is occurring regardless of meals, so amoxiclav can be taken before, after, and during meals, its effectiveness will not decrease. However, doctors still recommend taking tablets at the beginning of food. This will be reduced the likelihood of the emergence of unpleasant side effects associated with the gastrointestinal tract.

Patients older than 12 years and having body weight more than 40 kg accept adult dose Suspension or tablets. Persons having kidney dysfunction associated with a decrease in creatinine clearance requires a dose correction.

The duration of treatment is 5-14 days. Exceeding this period requires special instructions of the attending physician. In the event of the ineffectiveness of treatment with the drug, it should be replaced. If the drug was prescribed, and the improvement of the state happened earlier than the course was completed, it should still be completed to the avoidance of relapses.

When using amoxiclav Kviktab, the tablet must be dissolved in water before use, or dissipate in the mouth.

Preparation of suspension

For the preparation of the suspension, you must vigorously shake the bottle with a powder and then add water to the label in two receptions. Each time the water is added, it is necessary to shake the bottle, in order for the suspension to have a homogeneous consistency.

Required water volume for the preparation of suspension of powder 400 / 57.5 mg

Analogs of the drug

The full structural analogues of amoxiclava include preparations containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, for example, Augmentin, Flemoclav Soluteab. Preparations containing alone amoxicillin will not be adequate replacement due to the fact that the list of microorganisms sensitive to pure amoxicillin is much less than that of amoxiclava. The same can be said about other preparations of the penicillin group - the sphere of their use may not coincide with the scope of amoxiclava.

Amoxiclava interaction with other substances and drugs

Amoxiclava efficiency is usually increased by simultaneously use with other bactericidal preparations. However, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and other bacteriostatic means reduce the efficiency of the drug. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid simultaneous reception of the drug and bacteriostatic agents. It should also be remembered that the simultaneous reception of amoxiclava with hormonal contraceptives weakens the effect of the latter.

The simultaneous admission of alcohol and amoxiclava is prohibited, since it is possible a negative impact on the liver and reducing the effect of the drug.

Simultaneous reception of amoxyclava and methotrexate is also prohibited, since amoxiclav strengthens the toxicity of the latter. It is impossible to prescribe a drug simultaneously with disulfiram, as it increases the likelihood of allergic reactions. With simultaneous reception with Allopurinol, the risk of exploration is increased.

When taking a suspension or tablets in combination with oral anticoagulants, caution should be taken, since the drug is able to increase the prothrombin time.

Amoxiclav 1000 - antibacterial agent penicillin group. It has a powerful antimicrobial effect in relation to most bacteria having resistance to other drugs of the same series. Due to this quality, amoxiclave has an extensive sphere of application and is effective in the therapy of many diseases.

Under some diseases, amoxiclav 1000 mg tablets are prescribed, their instructions for use are dominated by information, what analogues are available? Details about this drug Talk on the site "Popular about health". So, read the instructions of the tablets for use:

Properties of drug

The medication includes amoxicill and clavulanic acid. Their combination provides a pronounced therapeutic effect of the drug. In this interaction, an important link is clavulanic acid, which blocks the activity of B-lactamas, and also destroys the walls of bacteria. As a result, complements the antimicrobial effect of the drug, increasing it therapeutic effect.

The drug destroys even those bacteria that are resistant to amoxicillin. It has a bactericidal, as well as a bacteriostatic action in relation to all types of echinococci, streptococci and sheets (the exception is methicillinorestant strains).

Effective with respect to gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella, Brucella, Bordellala and Gardnerners, as well as Salmonella, Protea, etc.

What is the composition of tablets?

Each tablet contains:

Amoxicillin, represented in the form of trihydrate - 875 mg
Clawulanic acid (Clavulanate form of potassium) - 125 mg

When prescribed drug?

Instructions for use denotes a spectrum of the use of amoxiclav 1000 mg by the following infectious diseases:

Respiratoryways: chronic or acute sinusitis; bronchitis; inflammatory process middle ear, pneumonia, etc.

Pilot abscess, tonsil pharyngitis.

Gynecological diseases: septic abortion, as well as endometrium, salpingitis, etc.;

Urinary tract infections.

Infectious bone fabric processes.

Inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract, in particular: cholecystitis, cholangitis.

Sex infections: gonorrhea, chalkroid, etc.

Thindogenous infections.

Infectious junction processes.

Infectious diseases of the skin, soft tissues.

How to take tablets?

Amoxiclav 1000 is prescribed to each patient individually. The treatment mode depends on the diagnosed disease, its gravity, the age of the patient, its weight, as well as from the condition of the liver and kidneys. The usual dosing mode is 1 time per day. In addition to these tablets, those that have a smaller dosage are used:

Adults, children over 12 years old (body weight less than 40 kg):

In pathology, mild, moderate severity - 1 tab (250 and 125 mg), every 8 hours. Either, 1 tab. (500 and 125 mg), every 12 hours.

For severe course infections, with infections of the respiratory tract: 1 tab (500 and 125 mg), every 8 hours. Either 1 tab (875 and 25 mg), every 12 hours.

Children, under 12 years old, amoxiclav pills are not prescribed. For such patients, other forms of this drug are intended.

A permissible daily dosage of amoxicyline should not exceed: 6 g for adults and 45 mg / 1 kg body weight in children.

Maximum dosage of clavulanic acid: for adults - 600 mg, for a child - 10 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

With therapy of dontogenic infections - 1 tab (250 and 125 mg), every 8 hours. Or
1 tab. (500 and 125 mg), every 12 hours. Treatment - 5 days.

With moderate renal failure - 1 tab (500 and 125 mg), every 12 hours with severe - 1 tab (500 and 125 mg), every 24 hours. In the presence of Anuria, the medicine is taken every 48 h or more.

The duration of the course of therapy is determined by the doctor. It is usually 5 - 14 days. According to the testimony, the course can be extended.

What are there any contraindications?

Instructions Amoxiclav 1000 mg limits the possibility of treating the drug with the following contraindications:

The presence of a history of cholestatic jaundice, as well as disorders of the liver, due to the use of components of the drug - amoxicillin and / or clavulanic acid;

The presence of an increased sensitivity of the organism to antibacterial agents of the penicillin row, cephalosporins, as well as other beta-lactam antibiotics;

Lympholoikosis, as well as infectious mononucleosis;

It is forbidden to use with breastfeeding.

With caution: with pseudomambranous colitis, hepatic insufficiency, as well as with severe kidney diseases. During pregnancy, it is possible to use the drug on strict medical testimony.

What unwanted effects are possible?

Sidey arise rarely. But, in some cases, it is possible:

Allergic reactions;
- articular pains;
-Theshnota, vomiting, digestion disorders (diarrhea);
Rarely possible disorders of the liver.
- In isolated cases, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, or pseudomambranous colitis is possible.
Other side effects are possible.

If any negative symptoms appear against the background of treatment with the drug, it should immediately report to their physician.

What are the analogues of amoxiclav 1000 mg?

To synonyms, amoxiclav 1000 includes drugs such as Moxiclav, Clavicin and Augmentin.

Analogs of tablets: AmoVickb; Artilet; Bakoklaw and Verklav, as well as rapiclav, Ranclav, Medoclav, etc.

Amoxiclav 1000 is a strong antibiotic having contraindications and side effects. To avoid the unwanted consequences of self-treatment, the doctor must be appointed, according to the results of diagnosis. Also, a specialist determines the dosage and duration of treatment.

Before you start taking a 1000 amoxiclav tablets, be sure to read the annotation yourself, which is in the package.

Dosage form

Tablets covered with film shell, 375 mg and 625 mg

Structure

One tablet covered with film shell contains

active substances: 250 mg of amoxicillin in the form of amoxicillin trihydrate, 125 mg of acid clavulanation in the form of potassium clavulanate (for dosage 375 mg) or 500 mg of amoxicillin in the form of amoxicillin trihydrate, 125 mg of acid clavulanation in the form of potassium clavulanate (for dosage 625 mg).

auxiliary substances: silicon colloidal dioxide, crosspindon, dried, carboxymethylcellulose sodium cross, dried, magnesium stearate, talc, microcrystalline cellulose, dried.

the composition of the film shell: hydroxypropylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, polysorbate, triethyl citrate, titanium dioxide (E 171), talc.

Description

Tablets coated with a film shell of white or almost white, octagonal shape with a biconnecting surface, with engraving "250/125" on one side and "AMS" on the other side (for dosage 375 mg).

Tablets, coated with a film shell of white or almost white, oval shape with a biconnecting surface (for a dosage of 625 mg).

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antibacterial drugs for system use. Beta-lactam antibacterial drugs - penicillins. Penicillins in combination with beta lactamase inhibitors. Clawulanic acid + amoxicillin.

ATH code J01CR02.

Pharmacological properties"Type \u003d" Checkbox "\u003e

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

Amoxicillin and acid clavulanation, completely dissolved in aqueous solution At pH, the environment of the body. Both components are well absorbed after taking inside. It is optimally taking amoxicillin / acid clavulanone during or at the beginning of meals. After taking inside, the bioavailability of amoxicillin and acid Clavulanova is approximately 70%. The dynamics of the concentration of the drug in the plasma of both components is similar. Maximum serum concentrations are achieved 1 hour after the reception.

The concentrations of amoxicillin and acid Clavulanova in the blood serum when receiving a combination of amoxicillin / acid preparations of Clavulanova are similar to those observed in orally separate reception of the equivalent dose of amoxicillin and acid Clavulanova.

About 25% of the total acid of Clavulanova and 18% amoxicillin binds to proteins in blood plasma. Volume of distribution oral use The drug is approximately 0.3-0.4 l / kg of amoxicillin and 0.2 l / kg of acid Clavulanova.

After intravenous administration, both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were detected in bile bubble, fiber abdominal cavity, skin, fat, muscle tissue, synovial and peritoneal fluid, bile and row. Amoxicillin does not penetrate spinal fluid.

Amoxicillin and acid clavulanation penetrate through a placental barrier. Both components also go into breast milk.

Amoxicillin is partially excreted in the urine in the form of inactive penicilloy acid in quantities equivalent to 10 - 25% of the initial dose. Clavulanovaya acid is metabolized in the body and is excreted in urine and feces, as well as carbon dioxide with exhaled air.

The average half-life of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova is approximately 1 hour, and the average general clearance of about 25 l / h. Approximately 60 - 70% of amoxicillin and 40-65% of the acid of Clavulanic are derived from the body unchanged with urine for the first 6 hours after receiving a single dose of amoxicilline / acid Tablets Clavulanova. During various studies, it was found that with urine 50-85% of amoxicillin and 27-60% of Clavulanic acid for 24 hours are removed. The greatest amount of acid is derived for the first 2 hours after use.

The simultaneous use of the probenecide slows down the extraction of amoxicillin, but this drug does not affect the removal of the acid of Clavulanova through the kidneys.

The half-life of amoxicillin is similar in children aged 3 months to 2 years, also in older children and adults. When prescribing a medicinal product to very small children (including premature newborn) in the first weeks of life, the drug should not be introduced more often than two times a day, which is associated with the immaturity of the renal route of elimination in children. Due to the fact that the elderly patients are more likely to suffer renal dysfunction, it should be cautious to prescribe the drug to this group of patients, but if necessary, monitoring renal function should be monitored.

Common clearance of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova in plasma decreases directly in proportion to a decrease in kidney functions. The reduction in amoxicillin clearance is more pronounced compared with acid clavulanaya, as a larger amount of amoxicillin is displayed through the kidneys. Therefore, when prescribing the drug to patients with renal failure, a dose correction is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of amoxicillin and maintain the necessary acid level of Clavulanova.

When prescribing the drug, patients with hepatic insufficiency should be taken care when choosing a dose and regularly monitor the liver function.

Pharmacodynamics

Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic from the penicillin group (beta-lactam antibiotic), which inhibits one or more enzymes (frequently referred to as binding pepticillin proteins) involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, which is an important structural component of the wall of the bacterial cell. Inhibition of the synthesis of peptideoglycan leads to the weakening of the cell wall, which usually follows the cell lysis and its death.

Amoxicillin is destroyed by beta lactamases produced by resistant bacteria, and, therefore, the spectrum of activity of one amoxicillin does not include microorganisms that produce these enzymes.

Clavulanic acid is a beta lactam, structurally connected with penicillins. It inhibits some beta lactamases, thereby preventing the inactivation of amoxicillin and expand its spectrum of activity. By itself, clavulanic acid does not have a clinically significant antibacterial action.

The exceeding time is higher than the minimum overwhelming concentration (T\u003e IPC) is considered the main determinant of amoxicilline efficiency.

The two main mechanisms of resistance to amoxicillin and acid Clavulanova are:

Inactivation by bacterial beta lactamases, which are not suppressed by acid clavulano, including classes in, C and D.

Changes in penicillin binding proteins, which reduces the affinity of the antibacterial agent to the target causative agent.

The impermeability of bacteria or the mechanisms of the effuxe pump (transport systems) can cause or maintain the stability of bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria.

The Border Values \u200b\u200bof the IPC for Amoxicillin / Acid Clavulanova are those that are identified by the European Committee for Testing Antimicrobial Sensitivity (Eucast).

sensitivity, the concentration of acid clavulano is fixed by 2 mg / l.

3 The values \u200b\u200bof the checkpoints in the table are based on check points

ampicillin.

4 Control point of resistance R\u003e 8 mg / l ensures that all strains with

mechanisms of resistance are communicated as resistant.

5 The values \u200b\u200bof the checkpoints in the table are based on check points

benzylPenicillin.

The predominance of resistance can vary geographically and in time for selected species, and local information on resistance is desirable, especially in the treatment of severe infections.

Sensitive strains

Enterococcus Faecalis, Gardnarella Vaginalis, Staphylococcus aureus (sensitive to meticillina), Streptococcus Agalacticae, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Streptococcus Pyogenes and other beta hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus Viridans Group

Capnocyptophaga SPP., Eikenella Corrodens, Haemophilus Influenza, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Pasteurella Multocida

Anaerobic microorganisms

Bacteroides Fragilis, Fusobacterium Nucleatum, Prevotella SPP.

Strains purchased by the resistance of which can cause difficulties

Aerobic gram-positive microorganisms

Enterococcus Faecium.

Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms

Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Oxytoca, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus Vulgaris

Resistant strains

Aerobic gram-negative microorganisms

Acinetobacter Sp., Citrobacter Freundii, Enterobacter Sp., Legionella Pneumophila, Morganella Morganii, Providencia SPP., Pseudomonas Sp., Serratia Sp., Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia

Other strains

Chlamydophila Pneumoniae, Chlamydophila Psitacci, Coxiella Burnetti, Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

Indications for use

Acute bacterial sinusitis

Acute otitis of the middle ear

The aggravation of chronic bronchitis

Bronchopneumonia

Pyelonephritis

Skin and soft tissue infections (among phlegmon, animal bites, periodontal abscess, phlegmon maxillofacial region)

Infections of bones and joints (in particular osteomyelitis)

Method of application and dose

Doses are calculated taking into account the content of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova. When choosing a dose of the drug, amoxiclav to treat individual infections should be considered:

Sensitivity of the pathogen to the antibiotic

Severity and Localization of Infection

The age, weight and function of the patient's kidney, as shown below.

It is also necessary to take into account other methods of using the Amoxiclav drug, for example, to use higher doses of amoxicillin and / or assign amoxicillin and acid to clavulan in various ratios.

Tablets should be taken orally before taking food to reduce possible gastrointestinal violations and increase the absorption of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova.

Adults and children with body weight more than 40 kg

Assign 1 tablet 375 mg 3 times a day or 1 tablet 625 mg 2-3 times per day.

The duration of treatment depends on the patient's reaction. Some infections (for example, osteomyelitis) require a longer treatment period. The maximum therapy time should not exceed 14 days.

The maximum daily dose for the dosage of 375 mg is 750 mg of amoxicillin / 375 mg of Clavulanic acid, for dosage 625 mg is 1500 mg of amoxicillin / 375 mg of acid Clavulanova.

Children with body weight below 40 kg should be prescribed a drug in a different dosage form (suspension).

Elderly patients do not need a dose adjustment.

In renal failure, the dose adjustment is performed taking into account the maximum recommended level of amoxicillin. Dose correction is not required when prescribing the drug to patients with creatinine clearance (CRCL) more than 0.5 ml / s. (30 ml / min.).

Adults and children weighing more than 40 kg

With hepatic failure, it should be used with caution. You must regularly check the liver functions.

Side effects

When assessing the frequency of the occurrence of different side effects, such gradations were used: "very often" - ³ 1/10, "often" - from ³ 1/100 to< 1/10, "нечасто" – от ³ 1/1000 до < 1/100, "редко" – от ³ 1/10000 до < 1/1000, "очень редко" – < 1/10000, неизвестно (имеющихся данных недостаточно для выполнения оценки).

Often:

Candidiasis (skin and mucous membranes)

Nausea3

Dizziness, headache

Digestion disorder

Raising AST and / or Alt5

Skin rash7, itching7, urticap7

Transient leukopenia (including neutropenia), thrombocytopenia

Multiform Erythema7.

Unknown:

Growth of insensitive organisms

Transit agranulocytosis hemolytic anemia, increasing bleeding and prothrombin time1

Angioedema edema10, anaphylaxia10, whey-like syndrome10, allergic vasculit10

Transient hyperactivity, cramps2

Antibiotic-associated coliti4, black "Village" language, discoloration of teeth11

Hepatitis6, cholestatic jaundice6

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome7, toxic epidermal necroliz7, bullous exfoliative dermatitis7, acute generalized Exandtematous Pustuez (AGEP) 9

Iterstial nephritis

Crystalluria8.

1 See section special instructions.

2 See Special Instructions section.

3 nausea more often when applying higher doses inside. Can be reduced

gastrointestinal reactions, taking amoxicillin / acid clavulano in

the beginning of meals.

4 Including pseudomambranous colitis and hemorrhagic colitis (see Special

instructions).

5 was noted a moderate increase in the level of AST and / or Alt in patients,

taking beta-lactam antibiotics, but the value of these results is not known.

6 These complications were noted when using the drug in combination with others

penicillins and cephalosporins (see Special Instructions).

7 If any skin reaction occurs, treatment should

stop (see Special guidelines).

8 See SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS.

9 See Contraindication section.

10 See Special Instructions section.

11 were registered very rare cases of discoloration of the surface of the teeth

children. Compliance with the rules of hygiene of the mouth will help prevent it. Cleaning

the teeth removes the drug from the oral cavity.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity K. active components preparations from the group

penicillin or any auxiliary component of the drug

Severe hypersensitivity reaction as a history of other beta

lactam preparations (for example, cephalosporins, carbapenes or

monobaktamam)

Cholestatic jaundice or other cases of hepatic insufficiency in history (due to the use of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova)

Children's age up to 12 years old (weight less than 40 kg)

Medicinal interactions"Type \u003d" Checkbox "\u003e

Medicinal interactions

Oral anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants and antibiotics of the penicillin group are widely used in practice without messages about interaction. However, in literary sources, an increase in the international normalized relationship in patients who took Acentokumarol or Warfarin together with amoxicillin was noted. If the simultaneous use of drugs is necessary, the prothrombin time should be carefully monitored or an international normalized relationship when appointing and canceling amoxicillin. Moreover, a change in dosage of oral anticoagulants may be required.

Methotrexat

Preparations of the penicillin group can reduce the removal of methotrexate, which causes a potential increase in toxicity.

Samples

It is not recommended simultaneous use of a probe. The probelacide reduces the kidney tubular secretion of amoxicillin. The combined use with the drug amoxiclav can lead to an increase in the levels of amoxicillin in the blood, but not clavulanic acid.

The simultaneous use of allopurinol and amoxiclav can increase the risk of allergic reactions. Data on the simultaneous use of allopurinol and amoxiclav are currently absent.

In patients taking Micophenolate Mofetil, sharing With the preparation of amoxiclav, the concentration of active metabolite of mycophenolic acid when prescribing the initial dose decreases by approximately 50%. The change in the level of the initial dose concentration may not correspond to the change in the total concentration of mycophenolic acid.

special instructions

Before starting therapy with amoxicilline / acid Clavulanova, it is necessary to carefully examine the presence of hypersensitivity reactions in penicillins, cephalosporins or other beta-lactam substances.

Serious and sometimes fatal (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reactions were recorded in patients who received treatment with Penicillin. These reactions are more often found in people with a reaction of hypersensitivity to penicillin and anosnesis. When developing an allergic reaction to amoxicillin / acid, Clavulanova should stop therapy with this drug and go to another alternative treatment.

If the infection has proven to be resistant to amoxicillin, it should be considered the possibility of using amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova instead of amoxicillin.

With a high risk of sustainability of the pathogen to beta-lactam antibiotics, amoxiclav should not be used. It is not recommended to use the drug for the treatment of S. pneumoniae resistant to Penicillin.

In patients with impaired kidney function and taking a high dose of the drug, convulsions may develop.

It should not be prescribed amoxicillin / acid clavulano infectious mononucleosomeSince the appearance of a corppy rash (for amoxicillin) is possible.

The simultaneous use of allopurinol during the treatment of amoxicillin can increase the likelihood of skin allergic reactions. Data on the simultaneous use of allopurinol and amoxiclav are currently absent.

Prolonged use of the drug may cause excessive growth of insensitive microorganisms.

The appearance at the beginning of the treatment of generalized erythema with pustular rashes and fever can be a symptom of the development of acute generalized examature Pustulusa. In the development of this reaction, it is required to stop the use of the drug amoxiclav and more not to use amoxicillin in the future.

The drug should be caution to prescribe patients with hepatic insufficiency.

Cases of the appearance of violations of the liver function were recorded mainly in men and older patients, quite rarely met in children who took the drug for a long period of time. Signs and symptoms are usually developing during or immediately after the start of treatment, but in some cases they can manifest themselves only a few weeks after the termination of therapy. These symptoms are usually reversible. Complications from the side of the liver can be expressed in severe and in extremely rare cases to flow with fatal. They are almost always developing in patients with serious concomitant diseases or in patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

The development of antibiotic-associated colitis is characteristic of any antibacterial drugs, including amoxicillin, and may vary by severity from moderate to life-in-law. Therefore, it is important to take into account this diagnosis when prescribing the drug to patients suffering from diarrhea during or after the use of any antibiotics. In the occurrence of antibiotic-associated colitis, the use of the Amoxiclav® drug should be immediately discontinued. After consulting the doctor, appropriate therapy should be appointed. Preparations that reduce peristaltics are contraindicated in this situation.
With long-term therapy, it is recommended to regularly estimate the function of organ systems, including kidneys, liver and hematopoietual function.
It is necessary to adjust the dose of oral anticoagulants to maintain the desired level of blood coagulation.

In patients with impairment of kidney functions, a dose adjustment is required depending on the severity of violations.

In patients with reduced diuresis, crystalluria was very rarely noted, mainly during parenteral therapy. During treatment, the patient is recommended to drink plenty to avoid the possible development of crystalluria. According to the obtained data, amoxicillin settles in catheters bladder (mainly with intravenous introduction of large doses), in this case it is necessary to regularly monitor the passability of the catheter.

During treatment with the use of amoxicillin, enzymatic methods of glucose oxidase should be used when analyzes for the presence of glucose in the urine, since when using non-enzymatic methods, false positive results are possible.

The presence of an acid of clavulano in the preparation can lead to non-specific binding of immunoglobulin G and albumin with erythrocyte membranes and false positive results of Cumbac sample.
Data on the positive results of the analysis of BIO-RAD Laboratories Platelia Aspergillus EIA in patients who took amoxicillin / acid clowlane, which were subsequently not infected with Aspergillus infection, but there is no data on cross-reactions using non-Aspergillus polysaccharides and polyfuragoes. Thus, the positive results of analyzes of patients who took amoxicillin / acid clavulano should be interpreted with caution and confirmed by other diagnostic methods.
Pregnancy

Animal research does not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects on pregnancy, the development of embryo / fetus, childbirth or postnatal development.

Currently, there is a limited amount of data on the use of amoxicillin / acid Clavulanova during pregnancy in a person who did not reveal the increased risk of congenital malformations. In a clinical study, women with premature rupture of the fruit shell were registered with the causes preventive treatment Using amoxicillin / acid with a clavulane and increased risk of necrotic enterocolitis in a newborn. It is not recommended to use amoxicillin / acid clavulanoy during pregnancy, the use is possible only in the case of the need for the prescription of the doctor.

Lactation

Both active substances are highlighted in breast milk (there are no data on the effect of acid clavulane on breastfeeding). Consequently, in breastfeeding, such symptoms may be the appearance of such symptoms as diarrhea and fungal infections of mucous membranes, in these cases it is necessary to stop breastfeeding. Amoxicillin / acid Clawulanic is allowed to use during breastfeeding only after the benefit / risk assessment by the attending physician.

Features of the drug influence on the ability to manage vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Research on identifying effects affecting the ability to manage the car and technology has not been carried out. However, amoxiclave can cause such side effects as allergic reactions, convulsions that may affect the ability to control the car and moving mechanisms.

Manufacturer

Lek Pharmasyukals D.D., Slovenia

Perzonali 47, Si - 2391 PREVALJE, Slovenia

Amoxiclav. It is a drug that specialists are among the penicillin group. The main components in this dosage agent are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. it medicine of the new generation Different with the presence of a powerful antimicrobial effect. With its use, it destroys most of the known pathogenic bacteria, which have resistance to other drugs that are part of the pharmacological means of the penicillin group. It is this advantage and provides a wide scope of the use of this medication. Using this antibiotic, you can successfully treat a large number of diseases.

For amoxiclava is characterized by a wide range antimicrobial actions. It allows you to effectively eliminate gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from the body. The main active substance in this medicine is amoxicillin.

Also in it contains salts of clavulanic acid. Due to the combination of these substances is achieved strong therapeutic effect. The presence of clavulanic acid allows for the treatment with the treatment with this antibiotic to maintain high antibacterial activity of this drug.

Presentation of potassium clavulanate contributes to the destruction of bacteria, which on the effects of antibiotics are attempting to develop protective enzymes - in lactamase. The activity of this enzyme is blocked by clavulanic acid. However, in addition, they negatively affect bacteria, destroying their walls and providing additional impact on microorganisms. As a result, with the use of this medication, a high efficiency of treatment is ensured in the framework of therapy of various ailments.

The main therapeutic effect in the treatment of this means is achieved due to the fact that amoxiclav has the ability accumulate in liquid media and body tissues. In a short time arises high concentration The main drug substance amoxiclava. He managed to quickly penetrate the parenchyma of organs, as well as blood plasma, regardless of which method was used for administration. After 60 minutes from the moment of receiving the drug, a high concentration of funds in lymph and blood occurs.

The conclusion of this fund is unchanged from the body is provided by the kidneys. A small amount of Clavulanic acid metabolites leaves with wheel masses. They also leave the body together with the exhaled patient air. The drug does not penetrate through the shells of the brain, as well as in the spinal fluid. This feature of the medicinal product allows reduce risk The appearance of negative consequences for the CNS in the treatment of this drug. At the same time, with therapy, the active compounds of this medicine can fall into the placenta, as well as to be in breast milk.

Forms of release

At the moment, the manufacturer of this drug produces it in the following types:

• in tablets placed in a film shell;
• in the form of powder, the main purpose of which is the manufacture of suspensions;
• in the form of a lyophilized powder, which is designed to perform intravenous injections.

Note that before using this preparation in the form of a powder, it must be dissolved in a special fluid - infusion solution. Or you can use conventional water. All varieties of dosage forms of this means we will look at further.

In amoxiclava in the form of tablets contains different concentrations of active substances. They are offered in the pharmacy chain in three versions:

• Amoxiclav 375. Tablets contain 250 mg of medicinal substance and 125 mg of acid;
• Amoxiclav 625. The content of the antibiotic in tablets is 500 mg, and the amount of acid is 125 mg.
• Amoxiclav 1000. The preparation contains an antibiotic in the amount of 850 mg and 125 mg of acid.

In addition, additional components that provide the formation of the viscosity of the drug are present in the amoxiclava tablets. These include magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, as well as cellulose and citric acid. The drug amoxiclav in the form of tablets before use is recommended to dissolve in water in an amount of 100 ml. If there is no possibility to do this, then it is necessary to carefully rush a pill, and then put the medicine with sufficient amount of water.

Amoxiclav in the form of a powder intended for the preparation of a suspension is taken inside. It is produced in three types:

• Amoxiclav 125.. In addition to the main active substance, amoxicillin, which contains 125 mg in this preparation, there are salts of clavulanic acid in the amount of 31.25 mg, presented in the form of trihydrate;
• Amoxiclav 250.. In the composition of the powder there is 250 mg of antibiotic and an additional acid salt in an amount of 62.5 mg;
• Amoxiclav 400.. It contains 400 mg of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in the amount of 57 mg.

As additional additives in the composition of the suspension, gum, sodium sacharinat, silicon dioxide, as well as citric acid is present.

When preparing a suspension, instructions for use adhere to. Powder is dissolved in the desired amount of water. The bottle for the complete dissolution of the components is vigorously shaken.

Powder, designed to introduce medication intravenously. The manufacturer launches it in two forms:

• Amoxiclav 500.. It is the maintenance of the main active substance is 500 mg. It is presented in the form sodium salt. In addition, there are salts of clavulanic acid in the form of a potassium salt of 100 mg.
• Amoxiclav 1000.. It contains amoxicillin in the amount of 1000 mg and 200 mg of acid.

For intravenous injections, the suspension is obtained by diluting the dry powder and fluid intended for infusion. The finished medicine is introduced insert or with a dropper. When the drug is administered insertion, then it is trying to drive it to Vienna as slower. This ensures the rapid achievement of the desired therapeutic effectand also contributes to the improvement of the patient's condition. If there is a need for systemic effects of the drug for a long time, then drip infusion of drugs intravenously.

This drug has certain analogues that replace the basic medicine if it is missing in the pharmacy:

• Augmentin;
• Liklav;
• Flemoclav;
• Tomenatin.

Price

In pharmacies, the price of amoxiclav powder on average is 120 R.. The cost of tablets largely depends on the concentration of active ingredients, as well as the form of release. On average, the price tag for this form of drug varies from 230 to 450 p. for packaging.

Indications for use

Specialists prescribe amoxiclav to treat a wide range of diseases. This tool helps to effectively deal with the ailments that were caused by non-resident to this medicinal bacteria. The medicine is prescribed under the following diseases:

• respiratory tract infection;
• diseases of the ENT-organs of infectious nature;
• diseases of urinary tract;
• meningitis;
• sepsis.

Medical practice shows that this tool is effective in prevention, as well as the treatment of purulent-septic infections arising from operations, as well as diseases that are transmitted by sexual.

Instructions for use

For patients suffering from diseases of infectious nature, the doctor in each case individually selects a specific treatment scheme. When choosing a dosage and duration of the course of therapy, a specialist draws attention to the age of the patient, the severity of the alend has arisen, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases. Also taken into account the weight of the patient. For effective treatment Amoxiclav diseases must be taken during meals. This makes it possible to lower the probability of appearance when receiving the means of side effects. When the patient is preparing a suspension, recommendations contained in the instructions should be performed.

Instructions for the use of amoxiclava in the form of tablets

For the treatment of small patients over 12 years old with a body weight, more than 40 kg, as well as adults are usually prescribed amoxiclav 250 mg. The patient should take on one tablet throughout the day every 8 hours. With therapy, amoxiclav 500 mg dosage means is 3 times a day on one tablet. Adult patients who struggle with severe infection are prescribed amoxiclav 1000 mg. The patient must take one tablet twice a day. The duration of therapy by this drug in the form of tablets varies from 5 to 14 days. If an antibiotic is used for a long time, adverse reactions may occur.

Before you use the amoxiclava tablet, it is necessary to dissolve it in half a glass of water. The resulting composition must actively mix. Only after that this composition needs to drink. If there is no water nearby, then the tablet must be thoroughly checked in front of swallowing, and then put water in sufficient quantity.

Instructions for the use of amoxiclava in the form of a suspension

For the treatment of diseases arising in children, amoxiclav in the form of a suspension is mainly used. In the treatment of newborns and babies from three years during the prescription of the drug, a dosage should be carefully climbing. In order to facilitate the dispensing of the means under therapy, a measured spoon is present in the medicine packaging.

For older children, the dosage is one measured spoon. In the instructions attached to the drug, you can detect a special plate with which you can produce the correct calculation of the dosage for a child depending on weight and age.

For effective therapy, the reception of the drug should take 2 times a day every 12 hours. Or can the tool can be taken after 8 hours three times during the day. The doctor can determine the exact dosage of the drug, as well as choose a suitable treatment scheme. Do not independently assign this medicine yourself, since the reception of the drug in the wrong dosage can be caused to the occurrence of the state overdose. And this will entail negative consequences for health.

Overdose

When the tool is accepted in large doses, it can provoke the emergence of a gastrointestinal disorder. The patient may have such side effects as painfulness In the abdomen, vomiting and diarrhea. The alarm status is the main negative manifestations from the CNS when taking excessive doses of amoxiclava.

In addition, nervous excitement occurs and sleep disruption. Facial seizures may occur in rare cases in the overdose of medicine. When such symptoms appear in the patient, the first thing to be done is to wash the stomach. After that, the best thing you can do is to take activated coal. In severe cases, hemodialysis is recommended.

Contraindications

Amoxiclave treatment is prohibited in the following cases:

• if the patient has sensitivity to the components included in this pharmacological means;
• in the presence of intolerance to antibiotics belonging to the penicillin row of funds and cephalosporins;
• disorders of the liver function provoked by amoxicillin and clavulanic acid;
• in the presence of lympholecosis or mononucleosis of infectious nature.

Heavy kidney pathologies, as well as diseases of the gasts, are restrictions for the reception of this drug. Also carry out therapy with this means is not recommended in the presence of liver failure or pseudomambranous colitis as a history. During breastfeeding It is also not necessary to deal with the therapy by this drug. It should be referred to a doctor who can individually be able to choose a diagram of treatment, which will allow the patient to get rid of the ailment faster.

It is undesirable to appoint Amoxyclav in pregnancy to treat diseases of infectious nature. The thing is that the active substances that are present in the composition of this medicine can penetrate the placenta to the fetus without any difficulty, and in addition to it allocate with breast milk.

This medication feature can provoke that the use of a pregnant drug will adversely affect the health of the child.

For the treatment of pregnant women, this drug is applied according to the testimony. When conducting therapy, in accordance with the instructions. Assigns it to women in a "interesting situation" only if the effectiveness of the use of the medication is higher than the risk that may occur for the enjoyable fetus. For the reason that the active compound of this medication easily penetrates into breast milk, during lactation, if there is a need for treatment, breastfeeding baby suspend and feed on artificial mixtures.

Side effect

When, for the treatment of diseases, physicians choose such a drug like amoxiclav, then the patient may appear the following side effects:

When Amoxyclav is taking a long time, it is not excluded risk of feverish states.

It is worth noting that the effects that were listed above are usually arising during therapy by this drug or immediately at the end of the course of treatment. All unwanted reactions are reversible, but the liver disorders that have manifested themselves can be pretty heavy character. They arise mainly in patients who have liver pathologies, or may be provoked by simultaneously receiving hepatasic drugs.

Interaction with other medicines?

It is not recommended to take this drug simultaneously with anticoagulants. Such complex therapy can provoke the occurrence of bleeding in a patient. With the joint use of this drug with rifampicin, the antibacterial effect of amoxiclava occurs, since these funds are antagonists.

It is impossible to assign this medication simultaneously with the macrolides. It is not recommended to combine it when complex therapy with tetracycles. Such a combination of drugs leads to a decrease in the therapeutic effect from this medication. When amoxyclave is taken with the antibiotic, the effectiveness of the drug in the form of tablets is decreased.

Conclusion

Amoxiclav is drugwhich refers to the group of drugs of the penicillin group. It can be used in the treatment of a wide list of diseases. The medication has a powerful antibacterial effect that allows you to quickly relieve the patient from the occurrence. This agent in pharmacies is offered in various forms.

It is released in the form of tablets, powder. Conduct disease therapy in both children and adults. Naturally, the dosage of the drug for these categories of patients is varied. During pregnancy, this medication is not recommended. This contraindication is associated primarily with the fact that the components that are contained in this medicine are easily penetrated into the placenta and breast milk. Therefore, treatment of infectious diseases during pregnancy is recommended using other means.

During the feeding period, it is necessary to abandon the feeding of the child with breasts and translate it to food with artificial mixtures. It is not recommended to conduct a treatment with amoxiclav (tablets), since the incorrect selection of the drug dosage may result in health problems. In such cases, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and take activated coal.