The normal human body temperature is designed to provide an optimal background for many processes. It becomes a real indicator of the functioning of various internal life support systems. In addition, it is a regulator of the interaction between the internal and external environment of the body.

The normal human body temperature in an adult is between 36.4 and 37.4 degrees Celsius. On average, this means familiar and traditional 36.6.

Small fluctuations in one direction or another are not considered pathological. They can only be alarming if they approach the border marks.

Most often, these changes go away rather quickly within a short time, as they are caused by functional reasons. When re-measured, they usually shift towards the norm.

When the numbers on the thermometer show that an adult patient has a temperature of 35.5 and below, then such an unusual condition is defined as hypothermia.

This is not at all a harmless state of affairs. The patient has impaired functions of the main organs and systems, the metabolism changes significantly and the activity of the brain suffers.

Such changes are especially noticeable on the cardiovascular and nervous system.

Therefore, you need to know exactly the symptoms of this condition in order to be able to accurately determine them even before measuring the temperature, in order to help a person in time. This is especially important when it comes to the chronically ill, alcoholics or drug addicts.

Hypothermia usually manifests itself:

• Severe chills;
• feeling of freezing;
• general weakness;
• pallor;
• tiredness;
• feeling unwell;
• severe drowsiness;
• a decrease in blood pressure indicators;
• bradycardia;
• a sharp change in mood;
• dizziness;
• confusion of consciousness.

These symptoms are explained by a significant slowdown in blood flow in the body, a strong vasodilation, and a change in the course of processes in the brain. In humans, the intensity of metabolism decreases, the level of production and release of hormones drops, the overall load on the cardiovascular system increases.

Often secondary symptoms a sharp drop in body temperature to 35.3 - 35.5 in an adult becomes tactile disorders due to a failure in reflex activity, weakening of intellectual activity, vestibular disorders.

Due to cerebral ischemia, difficulties with hearing and vision can arise, it becomes difficult for a person to speak and even keep the body in a horizontal position.

Due to multiple malfunctions in the central and peripheral nervous system illusions or hallucinations may even occur.

Causes of hypothermia

A significant decrease in temperature may appear due to the action of various factors. These are capable of being random reasons that affect a person only for a short time.

These include nervous strain, taking certain drugs, hypothermia, insomnia, severe hunger, prolonged diet, loss of strength, alcohol intoxication.

In such cases, the temperature, as a rule, returns to normal after the termination of the adverse factor. Sometimes a correction of the patient's condition is required in order to stabilize the situation in the shortest possible time. Usually, this does not require medical attention, since the person himself is able to change it for the better.

For many people, a temperature of 35.7 - 35.9 is normal.

Do not be alarmed, at a temperature of 35.7 - 35.8 degrees. It can be enough to dress warmly, cover yourself with a blanket and drink a cup of hot tea. After that, you need to sleep well and have a hearty lunch. Usually, after such measures, hypothermia disappears. If, even after this, nothing can be improved, it is necessary to contact a specialist.

This should be done, since a low temperature (35.3-35.5) in adults is often a symptom of diseases such as:

• Vegeto-vascular dystonia;
• venous insufficiency;
• violation of the thyroid gland;
• drug addiction (overdose);
• diabetes;
• coma;
• adrenal gland disease;
• hormonal disbalance;
• Iron-deficiency anemia;
• a stomach or duodenal ulcer;
• renal failure;
• disturbances in the activity of the cerebral cortex;
• depression;
• anorexia;
• spine diseases;
• hematological diseases.

In these cases, low body temperature can be caused by the damaging effect of drugs or alcohol, loss of strength, and malnutrition.

Hormonal deficiency provokes a significant slowdown in the course of processes in the body, a drop in the level of endocrine activity, as well as the absorption of nutrients.

Cardiovascular disease causes symptoms such as weakness, decreased overall activity, ischemia of the extremities. All this provokes a drop in temperature to 35.2 degrees and below.

The body is trying to balance the situation, and therefore bouts of irritability, aggression, or, conversely, severe lethargy are often possible.

Thermometry is carried out using thermometers:

1. Mercury(traditional, usually placed in the armpit for five minutes);
2. Electronic(He gives a signal when the body temperature is set. In doubtful cases, it is recommended to hold it for about a minute to clarify the results. In those cases when they are clearly increased or decreased, the measurement continues).

It is very important to record the temperature correctly. Most often, the thermometer is placed in the armpit. This method is generally considered insufficiently accurate, but it is convenient and does not cause discomfort to the patient.

The error when measuring the temperature is a few tenths of degrees more often the smaller side, so the result of 35.8 - 36.2 in an adult can be considered normal.

In Western countries, a thermometer is placed in the mouth. This is the most reliable way of obtaining data, but also dangerous, since with severe chills or in an unconscious state, a person can bite or drop a thermometer. In addition, it is completely unsuitable for measuring the temperature of babies or people with a weakened psyche.

Sometimes thermometry is done by placing a special device in the rectum. This is most often done in young children or in adult patients who are in a coma.

However, it should be borne in mind that the internal body temperature is slightly higher than the external one, therefore, an amendment is required here. Therefore, this method is not entirely suitable in the case of hypothermia.

Methods for dealing with hypothermia

The body temperature should not stay too low for a long time. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor. He will carry out the necessary diagnostic procedures.

Clinical and biochemical analysis blood, general analysis urine, check the level of glucose in the plasma, determine the indicators of thyroid hormones, identify the presence of certain toxic substances.

In addition, it is necessary to measure blood pressure, do Echo-Kg, EGC, electroencephalogram, ultrasound procedure and etc.

If no serious diseases have been identified, then you need to measure the temperature several times a day.

If a persistent decrease in temperature to 35 degrees and below is detected, you should:

• Conduct a course of taking vitamins E;
• take immunostimulants;
• do an intense massage of the body, as well as the arms and legs;
• prepare hot milk with honey;
• drink tea with raspberry jam;
• accept cold and hot shower or a bath;
• warm up the room;
• dress warmly;
• drink hot coffee;
• brew rosehip infusion;
• stop taking medications not prescribed by your doctor;
• set aside at least eight hours of sleep;
• drink herbal sedatives;
• take a walk with an intense step;
• eat a bar of chocolate.

These complex measures will make it possible to significantly activate metabolism, significantly expand blood vessels, and stimulate general blood supply.

They will allow you to cleanse yourself of toxins, relax, warm up the body, and intensify the lymph flow. Honey and dark chocolate will allow a person to sweat well, thereby regulating the heat exchange between the internal environment of the body and the external environment.

After that, you need to take measurements again. If everything is back to normal, then the patient should be observed for several days. If the temperature within 35.2-35.5 will resume, you should contact a specialist.

In general, the fight against hypothermia should be a fight against the cause that caused it.

If this serious illness, then his treatment or urgent call will help Emergency care... If it is caused by external factors, then home remedies will help to restore normal values body temperature.

Related materials:

At a low body temperature and to combat its fluctuations, it is necessary to follow a number of specialist recommendations. It is advisable to carry out morning exercises every day, temper, increase immunity. Nutrition should be balanced, and fluids should be drunk at least two liters per day.

You should rest more often, avoid stress, and in case nervous breakdowns take them off with meditation, yoga or just have a nice rest.

It is very important to maintain a constant normal body temperature. Don't dress too warmly or too lightly. Sleep in a well-ventilated room, but not overheated or cold.

According to many doctors, a temperature of 35.1 - 35.2 in an adult is often the result of stress.

Be sure to carefully distribute your daily routine by hours. Going to bed, getting up and eating are required at the same constant time. You need to get enough sleep, have a good rest and be sure to do what you love.

It is necessary to completely give up alcohol and smoking. Any pharmacological preparations should be taken only after the appointment of the attending physician. In addition, it is required to use all measures to strengthen the immune system.

It should be borne in mind, however, that some people have congenital hypothermia. At the same time, they do not experience any discomfort, nothing hurts, and the body functions in full.

However, they also need to undergo a medical examination to rule out the possibility of various diseases.

When is urgent medical attention needed?

You should call a doctor if a decrease in temperature led to fainting, it does not stop dropping even after measures taken and also if the patient is an old man or a baby.

The help of a specialist is needed when a person has eaten or drank something before, since intoxication is possible, food poisoning or exacerbation of a chronic illness. In these cases, this condition can lead to his death.

If the patient has experienced severe hypothermia, and the temperature of 35-35.5 continues to be kept, medical attention is also required.

Delay can set in motion processes that will bring strong and irreparable harm to his body.

This is due to the fact that the cellular and tissue structures of vital systems are affected. And for their functioning, as well as for human life, a constant normal body temperature of about 36.6 degrees Celsius is required.

Thus, there is a failure of the entire structure of ensuring the flow of processes in the body.

Alarming symptoms such as:

• loss of consciousness;
• profuse sweat;
• severe pallor;
• general weakness;
• cold extremities;
• a sharp drop in pressure;
• suffocation;
• trembling of the body, hands and head;
• vomit;
• disturbances in the activity of the vestibular apparatus;
• loss of sensitivity;
• bleeding;
• strong pain;
• weak and irregular pulse;
• epileptiform seizures;
• chills;
• drowsiness;
• refusal to eat.

A significant drop in temperature to 34.8 - 35.1 in an adult may indicate the development of such serious conditions as diabetic coma, heart attack, collapse, internal bleeding, intoxication, anaphylactic shock, etc.

In these cases, the absence of an urgent medical care can be fatal. You need to know that, at a body temperature below 32 degrees Celsius, irreversible changes will occur, followed by a fatal outcome.

Therefore, one should not think that only hyperthermia is dangerous for the body. It is important to remember that there can be a great variety of causes of hypothermia, and self-diagnosis, due to its inaccuracy, can cause irreparable harm to your body.

Only an experienced specialist can identify the true cause of the temperature drop.

Meteosensitivity, low body temperature

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Otolaryngologist, allergist. Varshavsky graduate medical university, PhD. PhD thesis in Otolaryngology - Research on the patency of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. She specialized in allergology at the Warsaw Clinical Hospital - at the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Long-term employee of the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology of the Central clinical hospital in Warsaw and medical center Enel-Med. Accepts children from 3 years old and adults with ENT and allergy problems.

23 comments

Svetlana

Good day! My name is Svetlana, I am 56 years old. Recently, I suffered severe stress. After that in the evening the temperature is 38.5, and in the morning it reaches 34.6. And so for almost a week. There was a strong chill. An ultrasound of everything passed, everything is normal, an echo of the heart was prescribed. What can it be?

1. Vitaly

   Hello, my temperature is constantly 35, and after eating 35.6. I sweat a lot - especially my head. 35 and I'm hot, the MRI wrote that there was a neuroinfection - but blood tests showed no infection - microstrokes in the area of ​​the brain responsible for vision. It becomes bad when reading small letters - then I can't sleep for a long time and my head starts to hurt and ringing in my ears appears. I drink Glycised and Riboxin - ECG showed no significant heart problems, tingling sometimes. Frequent heartburn and diarrhea, stool analysis showed the presence of blood. Eosinophils 7. Without these drugs, sleep disappears, a terrible meteorological dependence appears, and mental and autonomic problems begin. The therapist says that this is VSD, what do you think?

2. Victor

   I have a temperature for more than a month 35.5-35.2. The state of health is average. Analyzes are normal. I quit smoking for more than two months, abruptly. Maybe this is the reason and start smoking again, but I would not want to.

Often, a complaint about a body temperature below 36.0 is perceived by doctors as a consequence of too much attention to their health, and if the body temperature is 35 or slightly higher, it is recommended to simply warm up and drink hot tea. However, this recommendation does not always bring the desired relief, and unpleasant symptoms not only do not disappear, but also tend to increase.

The standard for normal human body temperature is 36.6. But in many cases, specific data from this figure will differ significantly. The fact is that the temperature indicator depends on a number of factors.

• Time of day (in the morning and in the evening it is lower).
• The intensity of the work of all systems of the body, at the peak of the working day, the indicator will be higher.
• From the ambient temperature, if a person is hot, the temperature will be higher, and if he is frozen, it will go down.
• From the state of health, with a number of diseases, thermoregulation is disturbed and the temperature decreases.
• From the characteristics of the individual. Some people have low rates - this is an innate factor that does not prevent them from living.

The normal (standard) for a person is considered to be a body temperature of 35.5-36.9. Downward deviation from this indicator is called hypothermia. And the increase is hyperthermia.

One of the most important aspects in this case, there will be stability of indicators. If the temperature continues to drop, then a doctor's call is mandatory and immediate.

Depending on the reasons for the decrease in temperature below 35.4, measures should be taken. In some cases, only hot tea and a good rest will really be enough, while in others, long-term treatment will be required.

When the temperature reading is 35.0 the result of our shortcomings

Thermometer readings 35.2-35.9 will become a deviation from the norm, only if this has not been observed before, that is, usually a person had a temperature of 36.6, but now the thermometer steadily shows 35.4. At the same time, there are a number of unpleasant symptoms that interfere with calm work and disrupt the usual rhythm of life.

A drop in temperature can be the result of neglect of health. Moreover, among the symptoms, in addition to hypothermia, the following will appear:

• Feeling of coldness, chilliness, trembling.
• Headache.
• Lethargy and fatigue.
• Numbness in fingers and hands.

Additional discomfort may occur, such as nausea, dizziness.

Among the causes of hypothermia, when the temperature is 35.

Hypothermia of the body

It occurs as a result of improper behavior in the cold or poor clothing.

Hypothermia most often occurs at air temperatures from +10 to -12. Here the victim needs to be warmed, covered well, given hot tea with raspberries, honey, lemon.

For warming, use a hot foot bath with mustard or a hot shower, a regular bath. It is good to give the victim an opportunity to sleep and then eat tightly.

Long-term diet

A temperature of 35.3 can be the result of a long diet, especially if this diet consists only of plant foods. With such a diet, the body does not receive a sufficient amount of the necessary proteins and minerals, the lack of iron is especially dangerous - it causes anemia. And this disrupts the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the body, metabolic processes slow down and there is a violation of thermoregulation (temperature decrease).

First, you need to detect this problem. With prolonged diets, it is recommended to monitor blood counts (take a clinical test), a decrease in hemoglobin is a signal to restore the balance in nutrition. However, it will be possible to normalize the thermometer readings only after recovery. normal level hemoglobin (special food).

Exhaustion of forces

This may be the result of a recent infection (acute respiratory infections, flu, rubella), too intense a rhythm of life, excessive stress (physical or mental), constant stress.

Mandatory symptoms in this case will be: strong headache, chills and fatigue.

Here, the thermometer readings will drop by about a degree lower than usual, if usually the readings are in the norm of 36.4, then in case of a breakdown they will be 35.4.

To eliminate hypothermia, you will need to sleep well, and also sleep for at least 8 hours in the future, rest, eat healthy food with sufficient calories and the right set of vitamins and minerals, have more time to rest, and lead an active lifestyle.

Antipyretic abuse

Reducing fever is also possible when treating an infection at home. This is due to taking too large a dose of an antipyretic drug, especially in children. In an adult, sometimes such a reaction of the body can be caused by taking an antipyretic for prophylaxis, for example, taking a medication for influenza with paracetamol, when there is a runny nose and cough, but no fever.

Usually the temperature drops to 35.2-35.4. But if the indicators are even lower and continue to fall, an urgent need to call a doctor.

In other cases, the patient should be well covered and given a warm drink. Too intensive procedures should not be done so as not to cause sudden temperature jumps.

When hypothermia is a sign of illness

If the temperature of 35 and 5 lasts for a long time (2-3 weeks), but before that it was normally higher, say 36.6, you should carefully monitor your health.

So, an asymptomatic long-term decrease may be a sign of an incipient disease: a brain tumor affecting the center of thermoregulation, disruption of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland (there is a lack of hormone production).

Be sure to pay attention to a decrease in body temperature, even if the body temperature is 35.9, in the presence of additional symptoms:

• Irritability or, conversely, unusual lethargy.
• Constant chills.
• Memory disorders.
• If you have slight trembling of fingers or hands.
• Frequent nausea.
• Headache and fatigue.

Among the more dangerous reasons hypothermia will be internal bleeding, hypothyroidism (thyroid disease), severe or persistently low blood pressure, head trauma, tumors, severe anemia. In this case, a lowered body temperature occurs 35 8 , but other symptoms: weakness, nausea, chills are more pronounced.

To clarify why hypothermia has occurred, you should consult a therapist. Even if he says that it is not dangerous, but the patient feels bad at a temperature of 35, it is necessary to insist on conducting an examination: general tests, a visit to an endocrinologist, a neurologist, etc.

Such persistence will help to detect the disease earlier and start treating it earlier, and this will significantly increase the chances of recovery.

How to measure the temperature correctly

Mercury and electronic thermometers are most commonly used to measure body temperature. Electronic ones have a large percentage of error and with indicators of 35.8, the measurement must be repeated three times with an interval of 10-15 minutes. Mercury can also be "wrong" by 2-3 tenths of a degree. Keep them under the arm for at least 10 minutes.

Therefore, at the first measurement, it is necessary to take into account general state and the possibility of hypothermia, fatigue, taking antipyretics.

If the indicators after rest and warming measures have not returned to normal, then several control measurements should be taken. In this case, you must adhere to the following rules:

• Always measure temperature at the same time
• Do this with the same thermometer.
• Measure in the same place: always under the left or right armpit, (most acceptable) in the mouth (somewhat difficult), in the groin (used for babies and seriously ill patients).
• Do not take measurements "just like that", only if there are prerequisites: chills, headache, nausea, etc.

What to do if you suspect a pathology?

If the temperature drops to 35 degrees and continues to fall, you need to urgently call a doctor (ambulance). Further decrease will be dangerous not only for health, but also for the patient's life.

Low readings (body temperature below 35) can provoke seizures, loss of consciousness, hallucinations.

At temperatures up to 35.2 and there are clear reasons for its decrease (hypothermia, fatigue, etc.), you need to take home measures to normalize it:

• Cover the patient warmly.
• Give warm drink.
• Warm your feet (bath, heating pad)
• Give in the opportunity to sleep.
• Feed abundantly.

With long-term thermometer readings in the range of 35.1-35.7, an examination and establishment of the cause will be required.

When thermoregulation is disturbed and stable hypothermia occurs in the body, metabolic processes are disrupted - they slow down. In this case internal organs receive less nutrients, as a result of which they begin to work hard in very uncomfortable conditions, which is dangerous for the occurrence of a number of diseases.

The statement that low temperature contributes to the preservation of youth is fundamentally wrong.

Get medical treatment and be healthy!

Probably, each of us knows that the normal body temperature of a healthy person is 36.6 degrees. If it increases, then this indicates a pathological state of the body or the development of a certain disease in it.

What to do when the temperature rises, everyone knows - try to understand its main causes, and then bring it down to normal readings with antipyretic drugs or alternative methods.

But there are situations when a person's body temperature is lowered. What to do in this case and what could be the reasons for this phenomenon? We will talk about this in this article.

Diseases that can provoke hypothermia

Low body temperature in humans (35.5 and below) can provoke certain diseases:

• , flu;
• depression, apathy;
• anorexia, bulimia;
• pathology of the adrenal glands;
• oncological diseases;
• thyroid disease;
• pathology in the work of the brain;
• in acute or chronic forms;
• various grounds and;
• in a situation of a sharp drop in blood sugar;
• inflammatory, infectious diseases of various origins;
• various options for internal chronic diseases at the time of their exacerbation.

• a state of shock;
• hypothermia;
• chronic lack of sleep;
• fasting and strict diets;
• depletion of the internal forces of the body;
• a large amount of alcohol drunk;
• prolonged stress and nervous strain.

To know how to eliminate the low temperature, you need to find out the reason for the decrease. If during the day the temperature fluctuates between 35.8 ° C and 37.1 ° C, this is considered normal. For example, in the morning the rates are lower than in the evening.

Causes of a lowered human body temperature

If we refer to the reasons for the occurrence of such an unpleasant state of health, in which there is a lowered body temperature of a person, then they are presented below:

1. A fairly common occurrence is a low temperature during pregnancy, but usually this condition passes rather quickly, as the body adapts to a different sleep regime and replenishes those substances that were spent on feeding the fetus.
2. Diet. Lack of fats and carbohydrates weakens our body. The temperature begins to decrease when the body's reserves are running out, and they are no longer enough for normal life. For normal body temperature, you need to eat well.
3. Uncontrolled taking various medications, including those that depress the work of the central nervous system (sedatives, tranquilizers, antidepressants, drugs based on barbiturates);
4. Lack of energy, lack of iron in your body, that is, anemia. In order to check this, you need to immediately do a general blood test and check the hemoglobin level.
   Often, a decrease in body temperature is accompanied by a disease such as hypothyroidism, which is characterized by functional impairment thyroid gland, as well as inadequate production of thyroid hormones.
5. Severe hypothermia of the body... The most dangerous for the body is the ambient temperature in the range from +10 to -12 degrees. If you stay in such conditions for a long time, hypothermia is possible, which will lead to a decrease in body temperature.
6. A decrease in temperature is characteristic of people suffering adrenal diseases... This symptom is especially common in Addison's disease, which is also called adrenal insufficiency.
7. Dehydration of the body- another one possible reason lowering body temperature. Everyone knows about the importance of water for human life, but not everyone makes sure that water enters the body in the quantities necessary for high-quality vital activity.
8. The reasons for this phenomenon may be x ronic diseases, it is the moment when they progress. This includes vegetative-vascular dystonia.
9. Colds (acute respiratory infections or ARVI), flu... Oddly enough, these diseases can provoke both an increase and a decrease in temperature.
10. A brain tumor, arising in the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the exchange of heat in the body, also causes chills and, as a result, a decrease in temperature.

Recently, indicators from 36.4 ° C to 36.7 ° C are considered the norm, but normal for each an individual indicators may differ, and different doctors have different points of view. And it is very important that when determining the "temperature normality", not some average statistical figures are taken into account, but indicators that are characteristic of each individual person.

Symptoms

Symptoms that may indicate the presence of a low temperature include:

• loss of appetite;
• irritability.
• increased sleepiness;
• apathetic condition, general malaise;
• inhibition of thought processes;

In a small percentage of people, a decrease in body temperature is normal, while the person feels good and is completely healthy. But, in most cases, a low body temperature indicates possible problems or diseases.

Prevention

So that the body temperature does not drop below normal, you need to exercise more often, take more vitamins, and also monitor your body.

It will have a very beneficial effect on your body proper nutrition, as well as the daily routine. Try to take a few moments of rest during the working day, and not to overwork yourself.

If you feel that your body is on the edge, then experts advise to postpone everything and just relax, drink hot tea and sleep, during sleep, our body normalizes its work, and the body temperature rises to normal values.

What to do with a low body temperature in a person?

First of all, you need to understand whether a decrease in temperature in a person is the norm or a deviation from it. From the resulting picture, it will be clearer what to do in each case, as well as what treatment will be needed.

1. If you just measured your body temperature and found a decrease in it, without experiencing any other symptoms, then calm down. Remember if you have recently had ARVI or another infection. Perhaps these are residual effects.
2. Hot tea with the addition of honey or currant leaves helps. If not, you can substitute raspberry jam.
3. Maybe the reason is the abundant ventilation of the apartment on a frosty day. In this case, you need to close the windows, dress warmly and drink a hot drink.
4. Safe means that allow you to normalize the condition at a low body temperature of 35.5 (and below) degrees are decoctions and tinctures of ginseng, St. John's wort, echinacea.
5. If, in addition to the low temperature, you feel weakness, depression, find many other symptoms, then it is better to consult a specialist.

Most likely, after additional tests, anemia or decreased thyroid function will be found. Appropriate treatment will help raise the temperature.

If, at a low body temperature, a person does not experience any unpleasant symptoms, is vigorous and efficient, the examinations did not reveal any pathology, and the temperature throughout life remains lower than usually in a healthy person, this can be regarded as a variant of the norm.

A decrease in body temperature below average values ​​is quite common. It can occur for a variety of reasons, in people of all ages, and have different consequences.

Is low temperature dangerous?

It is generally accepted that the normal values ​​on the thermometer are 36.6 ° C. In fact, the readings can fluctuate during the day, depending on the meals, menstrual cycle and even mood. Therefore, the temperature from 35, 5 to 37, 0 is considered the absolute norm for each specific person.

True hypothermia, dangerous to health, and sometimes to life, begins at temperatures below 35 ° C. If the numbers on the thermometer are between 35 and 36.6 degrees Celsius, then most likely nothing threatens human health.

How does the body maintain its temperature?

Thermoregulation is difficult process that captures the brain, nerve pathways, hormonal system and even adipose tissue. The main purpose of the mechanism is to maintain a constant temperature of the "core", that is, the internal environment of a person. A violation in any of the links can cause a failure of the entire thermal production and thermal transfer system.

How to measure the temperature correctly?

• In the armpit- the most common method of measuring temperature in our country. It is simple, but rather imprecise. So, the norm with this method ranges from 35 ° C to 37, 0 ° C. In children under one year old, subfebrile temperature is considered normal.
• Thermometry in oral cavity - the norm for Europe and the United States, but a rarity for Russia. In children, it can also be ineffective, as they often open their mouths when measuring, which is not recommended.
• Rectal method(in the rectum) very accurate, but more commonly used in children. Newborns are not recommended to measure temperature rectally (to avoid damage to the intestines). The average temperature in the rectum is half a degree higher than the axillary.
• Ear thermometry popular in some countries, but gives very large errors.

Mercury thermometer- to correctly measure the temperature in the armpit, the mercury thermometer must be kept for at least 5 minutes.

Digital Thermometer hold until the beep, check the temperature. Then they hold for another minute - if the temperature has not changed, then the thermometry is finished. If it has increased, continue to hold for 2-3 minutes.

The main rule: no need to measure the temperature of a healthy person! This leads to increased anxiety for no reason. If you feel like taking thermometry every day, it is like a symptom of depression or anxiety. In this case, it is necessary to consult a psychotherapist.

Causes of hypothermia

A significant number of people around the world have an average body temperature that deviates from standard norms. Someone has been observing 37 ° C on a thermometer all their lives, while for someone the values ​​often fall below 36 ° C. Therefore, hypothermia is a sign of ill health only when other symptoms are present. Among the reasons for low body temperature may be:

Previous viral or bacterial infection

Any infection, even if very light, forces the body to mobilize all the defenses. After illness, recovery occurs gradually. Fever is replaced by subfebrile (see), and then low temperature. This is accompanied by general weakness, the person does not feel completely recovered. This condition can last two to three weeks after the end of the disease.

Anemia

Reduced temperature, accompanied by weakness, dizziness and some other symptoms, may indicate a lack of iron in the body. A blood test for hemoglobin, as well as the determination of ferritin, helps to identify this pathology. The main signs of anemia and latent deficiency include:

• Thinning hair
• Striated and brittle nails
• Addiction to raw meat and other unusual tastes
• Inflammation of the tongue
• Weakness and decreased performance
• Pallor of the skin
• Chilliness of arms and legs

After appointment iron preparations(Ferretab, Sorbifer and others, see) within 2-3 months, the above symptoms usually disappear, including chilliness and a decrease in temperature.

Hormonal disruptions

The human endocrine system affects absolutely all processes, including heat regulation. So, tumors and brain injuries can cause disruption of the hypothalamus, which in turn is responsible for the temperature of the "core", that is, the constant internal temperature of a person. Such conditions are always clearly manifested by impaired consciousness, speech, vision or hearing, problems with coordination, headache and vomiting. Fortunately, serious brain diseases are rare. More often, hypothyroidism is the cause of low thermometer readings.

Hypothyroidism is an insufficient functioning of the thyroid gland, a deficiency of its hormones. A similar failure occurs during autoimmune inflammation of the gland, operations on it or treatment radioactive iodine... The disease occurs quite often (according to some data in 1-10% of the population) and manifests itself in a variety of symptoms:

• Weakness, decreased performance
• Weight gain, edema
• Chilliness, low temperature
• Dryness
• Brittle hair and nails
• Drowsiness, decreased memory and general lethargy
• Chronic constipation
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

To diagnose hypothyroidism, it is necessary to check the level of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). If it is above the norm, then the probability of this disease is high. This is especially true for women over 40, whose relatives have problems with thyroid gland... After the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes replacement therapy (Eutirox), which allows you to return to normal health and get rid of symptoms.

External influences

Man is a warm-blooded creature that maintains a constant temperature inside the body. But the temperature of the skin (in the armpit, for example) quite often decreases in cold weather, swimming in water and being in a cool room. In such cases, it is enough to dress warmly and measure the temperature: the indicators will return to normal quite quickly after warming up.

Iatrogenic hypothermia

Hypothermia associated with the action of doctors, usually occurs in patients who have undergone surgery. If, after a long surgical intervention, the patient is left without a blanket, then the risk of hypothermia will be high. Anesthesia suppresses the tremors that prevent the temperature from falling. Therefore, careful attention to postoperative patients is extremely important.

Overdose of antipyretic drugs- quite often, especially in children, the temperature drops sharply after an overdose of antipyretic drugs. Concerned parents, when they see numbers above 38 on the thermometer, begin to actively "bring down the temperature." The consequences of such actions can be not only thermoregulation disorders, but also severe stomach diseases, as well as bleeding. Therefore, in no case should it be abused.

Overdose with vasoconstrictor drops- Another reason for low body temperature in a child. Due to the general effect on all vessels, such drugs can lead to hypothermia. Therefore, with a common cold, without complications, it is better to rinse the child's nose with a banal saline solution sold in any pharmacy.

Starvation

With prolonged hard diets or forced starvation, a person loses a large amount of fat reserves. And the fat depot, together with glycogen, is responsible for the balance of heat production and heat transfer. As a result, thin and especially emaciated people often freeze for no apparent reason.

Skin diseases

Skin diseases that affect large areas of the skin often lead to a decrease in temperature. Such consequences have psoriasis, severe eczema, burn disease. A large amount of blood constantly flows to the affected areas of the skin, which reduces the temperature of a person as a whole.

Sepsis

The active multiplication of bacteria in the blood and the poisoning of the body with the products of their vital activity is called sepsis. As with any bacterial infection, with septic complications, a rise in temperature is more often observed, and up to very high numbers. But in some cases (in weakened and elderly people), the nervous system is damaged, including the center of thermoregulation.

In such a paradoxical situation, the human body responds to the invasion of bacteria by a sharp drop in temperature to 34.5 ° C and below. Hypothermia with sepsis is a rather unfavorable sign. It is combined with a serious general condition, depression of consciousness, dysfunction of all organs.

Ethanol and narcotic poisoning

Consumption of alcohol in large quantities and certain psychoactive substances can cause a person's low body temperature. This occurs as a result of vasodilation, suppression of tremors and an effect on glucose levels. Given that many people sleep outside after taking large doses of ethanol, such patients are not uncommon in emergency rooms. Sometimes a decrease in temperature becomes critical and leads to cardiac and respiratory arrest.

How to raise the temperature?

First of all, you need to understand whether the decrease in temperature is the norm or a deviation from it.

• If you accidentally, just like that, measured your body temperature and found its decrease, without experiencing any other symptoms, then calm down. Remember if you have recently had ARVI or another infection. Perhaps these are residual effects.
• Or maybe the reason is the active ventilation of the apartment on a frosty day. In this case, you need to close the windows, dress warmer and drink hot tea.
• If these reasons are excluded, then, most likely, such numbers on the thermometer are your individual peculiarity.
• If, in addition to hypothermia, you experience weakness, depression, find many other symptoms, then it is better to consult a doctor.

Most likely, after additional tests, anemia or decreased thyroid function will be found. Appropriate treatment will help raise the temperature. In children, it is necessary to cancel antipyretic and vasoconstrictor drugs.

When is urgent medical attention needed?

Mandatory referral to a specialist is necessary in cases when:

• Unconscious man
• Body temperature is 35 ° C and continues to decline.
• Low body temperature in an elderly person combined with poor health
• The presence of such serious symptoms as bleeding, hallucinations, indomitable vomiting, impaired speech and vision, severe jaundice.

Remember that true life-threatening hypothermia occurs in seriously ill or hypothermic people. A slight decrease in temperature will not harm your health. Moreover, at low temperatures, all metabolic processes are slower. Therefore, many experts believe that people with this trait live a little longer.

A thermometer reading of 36.6 is considered ideal for a healthy person. Small deviations from the norm are quite acceptable, because the heat exchange process is very individual for each person, heat transfer changes during the day. It is generally accepted that the temperature of 35.9 in an adult patient is insufficient, but not critical.

For a number of people, a temperature of 35.9 is normal. They do not suffer from any side effects violations of heat transfer. The features of thermoregulation of their body are laid down at the genetic level and can be inherited. Thus, the results of thermometry expressed from a temperature of 35.5 to 37 C can be variants of the norm.

To understand in what situations indicators below a temperature of 35.9 are critical, it is enough to assess the general condition of the patient. People suffering from hypothermia may experience the following symptoms:

• pallor of the skin;
• feeling cold;
• tremor of the limbs;
• drowsiness;
• increased fatigue;
• apathetic state;
• weak pulse;
• loss of appetite.

This symptomatology is typical for weak and medium the severity of heat transfer disorders. In more severe cases, symptoms such as clouding of the mind, seizures, unconsciousness, and respiratory arrest may appear.

With a thermometer reading of 32 ° C, death occurs.

Causes

Hypothermia is most often caused by external factors - severe hypothermia of the body, improper (insufficient) nutrition, internal and external bleeding... Among the diseases that provoke such a symptom, the following are common:

• iron deficiency;
• weakening of the immune system;
• organ diseases endocrine system;
• intoxication of the body;
• problems in the work of the nervous system.

In some situations, a slight violation of heat transfer in the form of a deviation from the norm by only a couple of tenths of degrees (for example, a temperature of 35.8) is easily explained. It can occur after a previous illness. At the same time, the person will still experience slight discomfort, which can be expressed by drowsiness, fatigue. In this case, a temperature of 35.8 is normal. It will rise to its normal state as soon as the body fully regains its strength. The reasons for the temperature of 35.8 in this case are explained by the fact that after the transferred diseases, the metabolism slows down, and with it the process of heat production slows down.

A slight decrease in relation to the norm (like a temperature of 35.6) can be caused by hypothermia of the body.

Heat exchange is disturbed and in case of failures metabolic processes caused by fasting and dieting. Not getting enough food, the body uses its energy very sparingly. This also reduces the amount of energy consumed for heat generation. A temperature of 35.8 in an adult can manifest itself not only as a result of extreme diets, but also with an unbalanced diet. For example, often when switching to a vegetarian diet, many people refuse meat, not replenishing their diet with other foods containing iron. Problems can arise with some detox diets that are all green vegetables and fruits. Despite the fact that this set of foods is rich in vitamins, manufacturers often do not include all the necessary micronutrients. The state of the body is affected by nutrition (more precisely, the absence of such a trace element as iron in it). The temperature can drop below normal even by as much as half a degree or more. In this case, the reasons for the temperature 35.2 and below are easy to eliminate.

In the human body, iron as a trace element performs a very important function. It helps hemoglobin oxygenate the cells in the body.

Iron levels can fall not only as a result of an unbalanced diet, but also with internal and external blood loss, various kinds of anemia. Anemia can be caused by disorders of the digestive tract, of cardio-vascular system, tumors or genetic predisposition (thalassemia). Such patients are characterized by a chronic temperature of 35.7.

Another name for anemia is anemia. It can manifest itself as very low thermometer readings, like a temperature of 35 (in an adult), and slightly higher, like a temperature of 35.8 (in an adult). In addition to individual predisposition, the severity of hypothermia depends on the stage of the disease (mild - 110-90 g / l, medium - 90-70 g / l, severe - below 70 g / l).

Iron deficiency anemia is especially dangerous for pregnant women. At a temperature of 35.1, the following risks may already arise: the threat of miscarriage, premature birth, hypotension, premature exfoliation of the placenta, developmental delay for the fetus, bleeding during childbirth.

Temperature 35 during pregnancy can also talk about pathologies of a different kind. For example, the causes of temperature 35 can be hypothyroidism. Against the background of this disease, the patient develops weakness and swelling. It should be remembered that a temperature of 35.5 during pregnancy is not on the border with the norm. For women carrying a fetus, more high rates thermometer (about 37 C and above). This is especially important in the first trimester, when even insignificant hypothermia for an ordinary person (for example, a temperature of 35.7 in an adult) may indicate the emergence of a threat of termination of pregnancy. In the presence of such a symptom of a pregnant woman, it is very important to get competent medical advice.

Hypothyroidism is a disease of the thyroid gland. But pathologies of the work of the organs of the endocrine system can be not only in pregnant women. The thyroid gland, producing thyroid hormones, is responsible for the body's metabolism. Insufficient stimulation of the metabolic process leads to the fact that all biochemical processes in the body slow down, including the process of heat exchange. Patients may have a temperature of 35 C. People who have problems with the thyroid gland, in addition to hypothermia, may have the following symptoms:

• weight gain;
• stool disorders
• skin and hair problems (flaking, dryness, dullness);
• memory problems.

If the causes of temperature 35 in an adult are caused by such a disease of the endocrine system as diabetes, the patient may feel a constant feeling of thirst, loss of sensitivity in the limbs, frequent urge to urinate.

Any hormonal imbalance is fraught with serious consequences in the form of various complications. Therefore, the qualified assistance of specialists is extremely necessary for patients with such diseases.

A temperature of 35.2 in adults can occur against the background of poisoning (including alcohol).

As a rule, in such cases, the disturbances in heat transfer are not so significant, the thermometer readings decrease to about 35.4 body temperature.

Causes of temperature 35.3 can be caused by disorders of the nervous system, often - craniocerebral trauma. This happens when, during an injury, the part of the brain that is responsible for thermoregulation is touched. Some of the causes of a temperature of 35.5 are associated with the transferred stress.

Sometimes the causes of temperature 35.6 remain undetected, while symptoms of hypothermia are not observed in humans. It should be remembered that for some, a body temperature of 35.6 is the norm, because the thermoregulation process is very individual.

Methods for dealing with hypothermia

Before deciding what to do with a temperature of 35.8 (with deviations by a couple of tenths of degrees), you should find out whether it is pathological for the patient or not. You can ask the patient what thermometry results are normal for him. The overall clinical picture, learn about the presence of complaints characteristic of hypothermia in the patient.

Changes in thermometry results during the day by a couple of tenths of degrees are characteristic of absolutely all people and are explained by the peculiarities of internal biorhythms (in the evening, a person's temperature is higher than in the morning).

If such a temperature is not the norm, then what to do at a temperature of 35.5 in an adult will depend on the cause of the hypothermia. For example, in extreme cold, a temperature of 35 is normal, a typical reaction of the body to hypothermia. It is enough to warm the person up with hot drink, clothes or a blanket. You can get warm by taking a warm bath.

During the diet, the question may arise: "The temperature is 35.7, is it normal?" The general condition of the body should be adequately assessed. Sometimes the symptom does not cause discomfort and only signals that the body sparingly spends its own energy reserves. It is advisable to suspend the process of losing weight, slightly adjusting the diet, until the temperature returns to normal.

You will need to pass a number of tests, because against the background of a change in diet and a certain stress for the body, iron deficiency anemia could develop.

To the question “Temperature 35.4, is it normal?”, Most often the answer is negative. Indicators below 35.5 are rarely found in healthy people... As a rule, this indicates anemia.

What to do at 35.4? It does not matter as a result of what anemia has arisen - improper diet, against the background of a disease or due to a hereditary predisposition. In order to eliminate it, the diet needs to be diversified with products such as chicken and beef liver, boiled chicken and beef meat, pomegranates, and beets. You may need to take medications containing iron: "Maltofer" in the form of tablets, "Ferum-Lek" in the form of injections. Vitamin E is sometimes prescribed to strengthen blood vessels.

Despite the fact that we often encounter violations of thermoregulation in the form of heat, what to do at a temperature of 35 during first aid, many do not know.

The daily routine and nutrition should be adjusted. You can warm the body with a plentiful warm drink: herbal teas, compotes. Massage and contrast shower help to increase body temperature.

Before looking for a way to raise the temperature 35, it should be remembered that it is better to avoid the occurrence of a symptom. For this, it is necessary to strengthen immune system, play sports, temper and lead healthy image life.