This is the most difficult damage to the musculoskeletal system. Most often, such injuries, people are obtained as a result of the collapse of the elements of buildings, traffic accidents, falling from a high height, etc.

In accordance with published (in specialized media) statistical data, the fracture of the bones of the pelvis is found in 7% of cases of damage to the musculoskeletal system. Such fractures are accompanied by characteristic symptoms, require pain relief and need emergency medical care.

Symptoms of fracture bones pelvis

In case of fractures of the pelvic bones in patients, the following symptoms may be observed:

strong pain syndrome;

heart palpitations;

damage internal organs;

violation of mobility lower extremities etc.

Other types of bone pelvis

Modern medicine determines several types of pelvic bone fractures:

Fractures.

Fractures at which the pelvic ring is not disturbed.

Fractures at which there is a violation of the pelvic ring (unstable)

Fractures, under which the bottom of the masterpiece or its edge breaks.

Fracture of the satellite bone pelvis

The main cause of the fracture of the pelvic bone is a strong physical impact on this area. People can get such damage when falling on the buttocks in the winter season, or during sports.

To the symptoms of such a fracture, you can rank as follows:

severe pain;

loss of consciousness;

the appearance of hematoma and edema;

When suspected of a fracture of the patient's sciatic bone, you must deliver to medical institutionwhere he will be rendered urgent Care. To form an accurate diagnosis, patients are prescribed radiography, thanks to which it is possible to determine the type of fracture and the presence of internal damage. Treatment of such an injury occurs within 4 weeks (the patient should comply with bed mode at this time). After passing the rehabilitation, which takes 2-3 weeks, the patient will be able to return to the usual way of life.

Fracture of the Lonic Bone pelvis

With a fracture of the LONA bone in most cases, damage to the pelvic ring does not occur. Such damage can be obtained when squeezing the bones of the pelvis, or when hitting this area. When conducting diagnostics, the doctor collects anamnesis of the disease, and also appoints a number of diagnostic measures.

In compulsory, the specialist takes note of the symptoms that are observed in the patient:

pain syndrome;

female;

the emergence of the symptom of the "stuck heel";

stiffness of movements in the lower limbs;

subcutaneous hemorrhage;

damage to blood vessels;

violation of organs located in a small basin, etc.

When diagnosing patients, radiography is required, as well as ultrasound procedure A small pelvis organs. Depending on the severity of the fracture and the state of the patient, the specialist may prescribe cystography or urethrography. In the treatment of the patient, immobilization is performed and the bed regime is assigned. In the case when with this fracture there was a strong blood loss, the patients perform blood transfusion by 2 or 3 days after injury.

Patients who are diagnosed with a fracture of the pelvic bones may face various complications:

against the background of traumatic compression, the development of paresthesia may be observed;

damage to muscle tissues, nerves, vessels, tendons;

development various diseases:, osteoarthritis, etc.;

opening of traumatic bleeding;

damage to the organs of the genitourinary system and intestines;

development of post-traumatic infection;

misconception of bones;

formation of bone growths;

atrophy or muscle hypotrophy, etc.

In severe cases, patients have a shortening of the limbs, there is a delay in the fire of bone tissue, partial or complete loss of mobility. According to statistics, mortality from late complications among patients who survived the first days after injury, does not exceed 5%.

First aid with a fracture of the pelvis

With a fracture of the bones of the pelvis, the victims need to provide first aid and try to deliver them to the nearest medical institution.

First of all, the pain should be removed, which delivers painful suffering to the patient. After that, the patient needs to put on a solid surface in a frog pose.

Under bent knees, put a pillow or roller. The patient's transportation should be carried out very carefully, since immobilization is impossible in such conditions.

How many pelvis is healing?

The human body independently copes with the battle of damaged bones of the pelvis. If the fracture of the pelvis was treated incorrectly, or the patient did not comply with all the prescriptions of specialists, he can fight the bone in the wrong position. This in turn can negatively affect the future life of the patient, since he most likely will constantly have problems in the future.

Specifically, it is very difficult to specifically to call the exact sentence of the pelvic bone fracture, as various factors affect this process:

bone type;

locomot location location;

the blood supply to the damaged bone;

abuse of harmful habits, etc.

For timely treatment The bones of the pelvis can be fighting for 4-6 weeks.

After turning the victim into a medical institution, a narrow-profile specialist conducts his personal inspection, during which the area of \u200b\u200bdamage is palpit. In parallel, the doctor collects anamnesis of the disease, after which he puts a preliminary diagnosis.

To confirm your assumptions, a specialist sends a patient for an additional examination:

radiography;

ultrasound diagnostics;

angiography;

laparocentsis;

urethrography;

diagnostic laparoscopy;

magnetic resonance or computed tomography;

rectal study of the area of \u200b\u200bthe pelvis, etc.

After studying X-ray pictures, the doctor prescribes a patient with treatment, which provides for the reception of medical drugs, as well as a complex of surgical and physiotherapy events. First of all, patients are introduced painkillers, since with such damage they experience strong suffering. Anti-co-therapy can be carried out through the following medical preparations: morphine, novocaine blockade, etc.

If necessary, there is a reimbursement of blood loss, by transfusion with patients, plasma, glucose, saline or blood substitute is introduced. The next stage of the treatment of pelvic bone fractures is the immobilization of patients. In the case of bone fragments, the patients conduct surgery, the purpose of which is their fixation.

In case of fractures of the pelvic bones, with a violation of the pelvic ring, experts spend sick-based skeletal exhaust procedure. Treatment of edge or isolated fractures involves fixing patients in a hammock or on a shield. The rollers are stacked in the falling area so that the patient's legs are in a semi-bent condition. For quick and high-quality splicing of bones, it is recommended to take the most convenient pose - the frog in which immobilization will be performed.

If, with fractures of the pelvic bones, there was injury to the soft tissues, the specialists carry out their processing by means of antiseptic solutions. If there are suspicions to penetrate infection, the attending physician appoints patients injecting antibiotics, which will prevent possible complications.

Immobilization with a fracture of the pelvis

When bone fractures, patients often need immobilization. This procedure It is carried out in order to prevent bone fragments offset, which may seriously injure muscle tissues, vessels, nerves and nearby internal organs.

Immobilization can be carried out when using any submitted means, if it is not possible to use a medical bus:

• piece of tight cardboard;

• bandages, march, pieces of fabric, etc.

When immobilizing the victim, marginal caution should be observed, since any awkward movement can cause severe pain from which some lose consciousness. Caution must be observed even in order to prevent bone fragments offset. The patient should prohibit moving by lower limbs and recommend take a convenient position in which it will be delivered to the medical institution.

Operation when fracture pelvis

In the event that when the pelvis bone fractures there is a shift of their debris, experts are carried out in such patients. surgery. During the operational intervention, the surgeons perform fastening parts of the damaged bone.

For this, they are involved in the following adaptations used in the medical industry:

• metal plates;

  screws, etc.

This surgical manipulation is called osteosynthesis and is carried out under general anesthesia. During surgery, the surgeon carefully examines the internal organs located in the field of small pelvis and eliminates all existing damage. Very often, when carrying out such a type of surgery, surgeons involve percutaneous apparatus, whose functions are in reliable fixation of bone fragments. With a well-carried out operation, the patient quickly goes on amendment and a few months later returns to ordinary life.

Patients who were treated with the pelvic bone fractures must undergo a course of rehabilitation events. Their passage is a prerequisite for the return of patients to a normal lifestyle and to prevent disability, since fractures in this area are characterized as the most severe damage to the musculoskeletal system.

Hello, dear site visitors! The hip joint connects the bone of the thigh with the pelvic bone. This is the largest joint in human organism And therefore its fracture is fraught with great difficulties.

Often a crack in the hip joint happens in the elderly. This is due to the reduction of activity in the body, violations exchange processes and the emergence of all kinds of inflammatory processes.

In this case, damage to the upper sections of the thigh occurs. In the elderly, the treatment goes much longer.

Before you know what to do in such a situation, it is worth dealing with the main causes of the crack.

Here they are:

1. Injuries or fracture often occur in people over 55 years old. At the same time, the risks of complications increase.
2. Women are more susceptible to such damage than men. At the same time, the higher the growth, the greater the likelihood of injury.
3. Strong physical exertion.
4. Problems arise in patients with the presence of inflammatory ailments of joints and bones. Since the ages, the risk of developing arthrosis, arthritis or osteoporosis increases. These diseases softened bone tissues. At the same time, even a small injury can cause negative consequences.

In a younger age, such injury can happen, for example, after a car accident. Risk factors include violation of coordination, neurological diseases and breach of coordination.

In the elderly, high fragility of bones is manifested.

Symptoms of injury

People with a small pain threshold - it can just dislocation or stretching.
Only a doctor can be diagnosed.

But there are some characteristic signs:

1. In the position of lying down the stop is unnaturally turned outward.
2. When moving the foot in a normal position there is a strong pain.
3. The pain is felt even when attacking the heel.
4. It is impossible to raise the heel.
5. With a fracture of the neck, there is an intensive pain in the groin area.
6. During the survey, there is a strong pulsation of the artery, which passes in the thigh area.

All these manifestations cannot be ignored. After all, the bones can grow incorrectly and the fracture will end with disabilities.

Bloodmeys or hematomas may arise a few days after injury. With a fracture, there is a violation in the hip head.

Because of which he can suffer and spit thigh bone.

First aid

Many have a question, whether it is possible to walk with such a injury. In fact, before the arrival of the patient's doctor, it is impossible to move independently. Need to immediately call ambulance.

If bleeding occurred, then you need to put the harness from the girlfriend. At the same time, it is impossible to disturb the place of injury.
Here are some recommendations:

1. The damaged limb is fixed in the same position, without shifts.
2. It is important to achieve immobilization of the leg with a special tire or even a stick or branches.
3. Sustaines of legs and pelvis must be fixed.
4. To get rid of pain you need to take analgesics.

Features of treatment

Dependes of treatment also depend on the same.
Conservative methods are often used at a fracture without complications in children or young people. This ensures immobilization of the joint and the expression by a special device.

This allows you to hold the leg in the correct position.
Treatment in a child or in an adult necessarily implies the lack of load. In contrast to the injury in this case, bedding can be shown for a long time - until six months.

Special injections are also prescribed.
Surgical intervention is required in difficult situations. The operation can significantly reduce the period of rehabilitation after injury. Endoprosthetics or bone autoplasty make it possible to reduce the risks of complications.

Folk Methods

Folk remedies are used as a supplement to major treatment, as well as to protect against diseases that may appear after injury.

For example, you can cook a decoction, firming cartilage. For its cooking, you need to take in equal parts of the Cora Willow, the root of the burdock, birch leaves, parsley roots and linden flowers. Dry the mixture must be pouring hot water and bring to a boil. Infusion you need to drink twice a day.

Rehabilitation

The recovery period depends on the state of the body and on how accurately the patient complies with the recommendations of the doctor

To exclude the burden on the joint used crutches.

There are the following rehabilitation methods:

1. LFC is performed with the permission of the doctor. Motor activity begins with drills torso. Then therapeutic gymnastics and breathing exercises are applied.
2. Physiotherapy and special massage.
3. Chondoprotectors and calcium preparations are prescribed, which support cartilaginous fabric.

Massage is able to improve blood circulation and lymph outflow, and also protects the limbs from the occurrence of bedding.

In addition, it is a measure of prophylaxis from pneumonia. Massage helps to normalize muscle tone and prevent them atrophy.
BUT physiotherapy Prevents the emergence of complications and is the prevention of osteoporosis.

The pelvic bone is one of the support parts of the skeleton, which carries the main functional load on itself. Consists of three structures: iliac, sedanized and pubic bones, which, through sampling department Spine, form a ring. Traumatic damage to integrity disorders lead to weakening or off the function of the body part of the body and lower extremities. This radically changes the lifestyle of a person during big gap time.

The fractures of the pelvic ring doctors consider the most complex requiring long-term treatment and rehabilitation. This is due not only to the long period of bone corn. In the injuries, internal organs located in this anatomical area are often damaged. According to statistics, pelvis fractures make up to 6% of all lesions of the musculoskeletal system.

The injury of bones of the pelvis is most often occurring after traffic accidents. To suspect the fracture by the presence of the following clinical signs.

1. Pain in damage projection.
2. Pathological mobility at discomfort.
3. Changing the ring configuration.
4. Hemorrhage or hematoma in the area of \u200b\u200binjury.
5. The emergence of traumatic shock, which is characterized by a decrease arterial pressure, impairment of the cardiovascular and respiratory system, disorientation or change of consciousness.

Attention! Shock is a state threatening human life and requiring urgent events.

In case of injuries of the pelvic ring there is a high risk of damage bladder, intestines, genital organs, large vessels and nervous plexuses.

Instrumental diagnostics

To clarify the nature of the fracture and the volume of treatment, additional research is carried out:

1. Radiography bones pelvis.
2. CT scan.
3. Magnetic resonance imaging.
4. Ultrasonic method.
5. Angiography.
6. Ureterography.

Features of treatment during injuries pelvis

The patient's management tactics depends on the type of damage and the presence of related violations of internal organs. In the absence of a change in the configuration of the pelvic ring and maintaining the function of other systems, the orthopedist recommends a protective mode in the position lying with diluted legs bent into knee joints. The duration of treatment with the provision takes 5-6 weeks.

The displacement of the debris requires the imposition of a gypsum dressing or fixation using special devices. In this case, the term is lengthened to 8-12 weeks. If necessary, reconstructive operations of the small pelvis organs in order to restore their function.

Tasks of the rehabilitation period

The main feature in the treatment of fractures of pelvic bones is a long stay in a forced position. Throughout this period, physical activity is contraindicated. During this time there is a decrease in muscle mass, changing blood circulation and nutrition of surrounding soft tissues. Therefore, the main tasks of rehabilitation are the following activities:

1. Prevention of trophic changes.
2. Prevention of stagnant processes in small pelvis organs.
3. Restoration of the normal operation of the internal organs.
4. Return of the full function of support and walking.

Stages of recovery

Rehabilitation After the pelvis fracture takes a long time. This is a joint work of medical personnel, relatives and patient himself. Work on the return to a familiar life is carried out, starting with a bed mode, and includes several stages.

First period

The stage is aimed at preventing the trophic changes of soft tissues. For this, special devices and pillows filled with silicone material are used. They are enclosed under the scope of the body with the surface of the bed.

This reduces the pressure on the zones and restore local blood circulation. Anti-inflammatory, anesthetic therapy with drugs. The doctor recommends a diet that contributes to the normalization of digestion.

Second period

During the next step, motor activity is restored. Exercises start in the position lying in bed.

Allowed to turn over the patient as far as possible, given the characteristics of injury and immobilization. The body massage and limbs are shown to increase muscle tone and improved blood circulation.

Complex exercise

Elements of daily gymnastics are developed taking into account patient features. Physical activity starts in the lying position, and then sitting. First of all, they train healthy limbs, finish the movement in which are limited. You can perform the following exercises:

1. Flexing and extension of brushes and stop alternately up to 15 times.
2. Circular movements in the ankle joints.
3. Turns stop inside and out.
4. Attempts to hold various ways with fingers.
5. Flexing and extension of legs in the knee joints.
6. Changing position from the state lying on the back to the sitting position.
7. Circular foot movements alternately.
8. In position on the side, the execution of the leading limb.

Important! Exercises are carried out strictly under the control of the rehabilitologist.

Third period

At this stage, the restoration of physical activity continues. The patient learns to walk with supporting devices, and then independently. At the beginning, the transition from a horizontal position to the vertical should control a medical worker. This is due to the change in the patient's condition during displacement. After a long stay in a forced pose, the pressure can sharply decrease and the collaptoid state occurs.

In addition, the decrease in the tone of the muscles of the lower extremities makes it difficult to normal support and motor function. Therefore, in the absence of extinct support, there are falls with the occurrence of re-injury.

Complex exercise

Gradual walking and healing physical culture restores lost skills. Exercise complex includes more wide spectrum Loading elements. It is aimed at further strengthening the muscles of the pelvis and the lower extremities, the prevention of congestive processes and preventing the formation of contractures. Classes are held in all provisions, including vertical positions with a leg support.

Attention! Movements should not be performed if there is a painful syndrome. When discomfort and edema, you should consult a doctor.

1. The transition from the position standing with the support on the foot to the position on the socks and back.
2. Alternate bending and leg extension in the knee joints standing.
3. Flexing and extension of the lower extremities in the sitting position with holding the leg on the bed for a few seconds.
4. Standing the transfer of the support alternately for each leg.
5. Transition from position sitting to standing standing.

Gymnastics is complemented by walking with a gradual increase in distance and lengthening of the step. Any movements are performed as the patient is possible, in the absence of a sense of discomfort.

Physiotherapeutic events

In the recovery process medical events Do not limit exercise. In order to accelerate the regeneration of bone tissues and improved trophics, physiotherapy treatment methods are widely used. Use the following procedures:

• magnetotherapy;
• paraffin-ozocertic applications;
• electrophoresis with lidocaine and calcium chloride.

Massage benefits

Massage techniques allow you to restore blood circulation in the tissues, provides lymphatic drainage, improve muscle frame, especially in high load places. According to the testimony, there are several massage courses. The intensity of the procedure depends on the degree of damage to organs.

At first, the pressure on the zone should not be excessive, in some cases they resort to point manipulations. Then gradually the power of exposure to the fabric increases to the achievement of the optimal result.

Features diet

To increase the regeneration of bone tissues and improving metabolism, an important factor is the correct diet. At the initial stages of the rehabilitation period, food should be easily dismantled. This is necessary to normalize digestion.

Later, the diet is expanding due to products that are enriched with calcium and phosphorus.

Useful components in sufficient quantities are contained in dairy products, fish, nuts, legumes, greenery, sesame and poppy. In some cases, the doctor prescribes complex drugs with minerals and vitamins that speed up the process of recovery.

Output

Rehabilitation After the pelvic bone fractures is a long and complex process, which, with the right organization, speeds up recovery and leads to a full recovery of the patient. Finally, we suggest watching a video - a modern tactic treatment of bone fractures in a multidisciplinary hospital.

The fracture of the pelvis bones is one of the most complex and dangerous injuries, often accompanied by massive bleeding, damage to the internal organs and leading to the rescue disability, and in many cases to the person's disability. In some cases, the pelvis injury becomes the cause of death, to which blood loss can lead, injuries of the organs of a small pelvic or pain shock.

According to medical statistics, the pelvis injury occurs in 5-7 people out of 100 diagnosed damage to the musculoskeletal system. In a quarter of cases, damage to the abodes of the small pelvis, and in 30% traumatic and pain shock are observed. Female outcome with such damage is found in 6 cases out of 100. Most often, people of young and middle age are suffering from the pelvis fractures, mainly a man, often injuries of this kind have been found in adolescents.

Causes of development of injury

To fractures of bones, the pelvis can lead:

• pressure on the pelvis at an accident, with natural (collaps, avalanches) and man-made catastrophes (the destruction of buildings, crashing), as a result of industrial injuries;
• sharp, strong blows to the pelvis area, applied during the fight, training or speeches on force sports;
• falls from height - more often suffer mountaineers, parachutists, builders and people who are fond of jumping;
• blow to water with incorrect diving from the tower;
• a sharp reduction in muscles with strong voltage, more often such situations are found in athletes;
• thinning and fragility of bones of the pelvis, developing during osteoporosis;
• in women in the process of labor, the terminals of the pubic symphima may develop.

In 75% of cases, the cause of the injury of pelvic bones becomes an accident, and pedestrians suffer more often than people in the car.

Anatomical features of the pelvis

The pelvis serves as container and protection for the organs of the urogenital system and the support for the entire skeleton. It forms three paired bones - pubic, sedable, iliac, connected with each other thin bone seams, still connecting each other and with a sacrum form vicious circle - Pelvic ring.

All three bones are involved in the formation of a masterpiece, which is part of the hip joint. Any damage to the pelvis affects the state of the whole organism.

Classification of pelvic bone fractures

Traumatists allocate several groups of pelvic bone fractures:

1. Injuries at which the integrity of the pelvic ring is not damaged, such fractures are called stable. These include edges and isolated fractures - the fracture of the sacrum (transverse), the tailbone, wings and crest of the iliac bone, the branches of the pubic or sedlicate bones and the fracture of the bones of the seeded bone.
2. Unstable fractures, in which the integrity of the ring is disturbed, the following subgroups of unstable fractures are distinguished:

• unstable vertical front - one or bilateral damage to the pubic or sedlication bone;
• unstable vertical rear - injury of the wing of the ileal bone, the fracture of the sacrum in the oblique or vertical direction;
• double unstable - simultaneous damage to the front and rear semir pelvis, this subgroup includes fractures of malgen (vertical) and notherle (horizontal);
• multiple pelvis fractures.

1. Damage to the masterpiece is one or two-sided fractures of the edges or the bottom, often such a injury is accompanied by the dislocation of the hip joint.
2. The last group includes fractures - the fracture of the pelvic bones is accompanied by a dislocation of a lard or sacral-ileal articulation.

Damage accompanying a pelvic fracture

Related damage include:

1. Massive bleeding - blood loss with stable fractures can range from 300 to 500 ml of blood, and with unstable it reaches 3000 ml.
2. Damage to the internal organs is the gap of the bladder, the urethra, vagina or the rectum. At the same time, the content falls into the cavity of the small pelvis and can cause the development of an infectious inflammatory process.
3. Damage to large and small nerve plexus nervous trunks is manifested by severe neurological changes.

Clinical manifestations

Everything clinical manifestations The fracture of the pelvic bones is divided into local and common. Separately, it is possible to highlight the symptoms of traumatic or pain shock.

Local symptoms of injuries bones pelvis

Symptomatics of pathology depends on the localization and type of fracture and varies depending on the severity of damage. Local manifestations include:

• visually distinguishable deformation of the bones of the pelvic region;
• sharply pronounced pain syndrome;
• development of hematomas in the field of pelvis;
• swelling of various localization and sizes;
• violation of motor functions of the lower extremities;
• at open injuries, bleeding also includes local symptoms;
• with unstable fractures, mobility and crunch of fragments may be observed;
• in some types of fractures, the length of the limb from damage is changed.

Local manifestations of certain types of fractures

General clinical manifestations of pelvis fractures

Such a severe injury as the fracture of the pelvic bones is usually accompanied by significant blood loss in which the pallor of the skin and a sharp decline in blood pressure values \u200b\u200b(blood pressure) can evidence. In addition, traumatic shocks and injuries of the organs of the urogenital system and the digestive tract are often developing.

Manifestations of traumatic shock

• fast change in the color of the skin (they become pale);
• cold sweat;
• an increase in heart rate;
• reduction of blood pressure;
• possible loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of damage to small pelvis organs

1. When the urinary channel breaks, urine delay is developing, bleeding from the urethra is observed, a hematoma appears in the crotch area. The bladder size is increased, and enter the catheter is difficult or impossible.
2. Damage to the bladder walls can be accompanied by the presence of blood in the urine (hematuria), while the contours of the bubble itself during palpation and percussion are not determined.
3. The sign of the gap of the vagina or the rectum is the development of bleeding of them, these injuries are determined during the gynecological examination or finger research of the rectum.

The general symptom of damage to the organs of the small pelvis is the pronounced swelling of the tissues in the field of the lower abdomen.

Consequences and complications of injury

During injury and in the process of its treatment, the victims may have the following complications:

• sensitivity impairment due to damage to nerve trunks and tissue compression;
• injuries of muscle fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels, tendons;
• damage to the small pelvis;
• development of an infectious inflammatory process;
• incorrect or slow fracture of fractures;
• development of osteomyelitis;
• tissue hypotrophy;
• education of contractures that limit the motor activity and functionality of the lower extremities.

Diagnosis of pathology

The pelvis fractures are diagnosed with a traumatologist after inspection and radiography. Request damage require additional methods The surveys to which include:

• laparoscopy is carried out during damage to the internal organs;
• when the patient is in severe condition Laparocentsis or even laparotomy can be used;
• in suspected damage to the bladder, ultrasound diagnostics are required;
• urethra injury is diagnosed with urethrography.

Methods for the treatment of fractures of pelvic bones

In case of fractures, the pelvis is very important that the victim be delivered to the medical institution in as soon as possible. Quickly launched adequate treatment can save the life of a man with a pelvic injury. Therefore, if such a kind of injury is suggested to immediately cause ambulance. Very well, if before her arrival, the victim will be rendered first aid.

Basics of first aid for pelvic fractures

If there are open fractures, it is necessary to stop the bleeding and process the edges of the wound with an antiseptic. To remove the painful syndrome, it is necessary to introduce analgesic drugs intramuscularly or to give them a victim in a tablet form.

It is necessary to properly put the victim, for which the knees are put on the tight rolled blanket, clothing or roller, and the upper part of the body is lifted (they put a rigid pillow under it). It is desirable that in such a position of the patient's knees did not disperse, if there is an opportunity, they are fixed in the same position.

If there is a symptom of traumatic shock, we must weaken the belts, collar and buttons, ensure the influx of cool clean air, take advantage of the ammonia alcohol.

It should be remembered that it is strictly prohibited to move the pelvic fracture independently. For transportation of such a patient, special devices are needed. Therefore, you should not try to deliver it to the hospital on your own.

Basic methods for the treatment of pelvic bone fractures

The treatment of pelvis fractures is engaged in a traumatologist or surgeon, depending on the severity of damage, consultation and treatment of other specialization (resuscitative, urologist, gynecologist, proctologist) are sometimes required. First of all, the complex holds anti-shock eventswhich includes the following components:

1. Conduct adequate anesthesia - intra-dispense or intraosyl anesthesia of novocaine or lidocaine can be used, with some types of fractures and with multiple compound injuries, it is preferable to use general anesthesia. The question of the form of anesthesia is solved individually.
2. Reimbursement of the volume of lost blood - with a small blood loss, the patient is assigned transfusion and intravenous administration replacement solutions on the second day. Massive bleeding require immediate origin of blood loss. With not stopping profuse bleeding, operational intervention is necessary, which consists in dressing the arteries, after which healed therapy is appointed.
3. Immobilization of the fracture is the type of immobilization and its duration depend on the localization of the fracture and its type. With stable fractures, it is possible to lay the patient on the shield, while the roller is put under his knees or the Beller tires are used. Unstable fractures are a direct indication for the use of skeletal extract.

In some types of fractures, surgical intervention is assigned, during which fragments will be connected by metal plates or spokes (osteosynthesis). After complete fire, the bones require a re-operation to remove fixing elements.

The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the fracture and can take a fairly long time. After the fighting of the bones, a period of rehabilitation is required during which the patient returns to the lifestyle familiar to him. All this period, a person is under medical control and is undergoing physiotherapy procedures and massage sessions, deals with therapeutic physical education, adopts drugs that strengthen bone tissues and accelerating them.

All stable injuries usually belong to closed fractures and rarely go with the displacement. Unstable types of damage include:

• bilateral fracture of the pelvis - happens according to the type of Malgen, implies a spill in front of the pubic bone and for iliac and rear;
• with rotation inside - It occurs with lateral impact. The crack passes through the iliac bone and;
• vertically unstable - implies a vertical displacement in the groin area, at which the injured part of the pelvis is extended up;
• compression - relate to the group of injured injuries and fractures, are accompanied by multiple damage, including iliac, lane and sedable bones.

Open fractures are considered the most dangerous, and if, as a result of injury, bone structures were divided into several fragments, risk of injury to the organs of the urogenital system increases.

ICB 10 injury code

According to the ICD 10, S32 is encoded with a fracture of the pelvic bones. This category includes not only the fractures of the pelvis, but also the lumbosacral spine.

The reasons

The pelvis injury is considered to be very severe damage, which is problematic in everyday life. The exception is disease bone systemwhen even the minimum mechanical exposure is enough to destroy bone tissue, and additionally the situation aggravate elderly age, diabetes and etc.

Under normal cases, fractures of the bones of the pelvis arise due to high-energy damage. This category includes:

• Accident and natural disasters;
• auto and motorsport;
• strong blows to the pelvis area when falling from a high height.

A woman with a narrow pelvis during pregnancy should be confident that the delivery will not lead to fractures of bone structures. Otherwise recommended cesarean section. With such damages, the likelihood of obtaining injuries of internal organs and soft tissues, and therefore the pelvis is considered life-threatening.

Symptoms

Characteristic signs The pelvis fracture includes a pronounced pain shock and a forced position of the body. About the injury pelvis says the so-called frog posture - knees are bent and divorced to the sides. In medicine, it is also referred to as the loan of Volkovich. If one side is damaged, then the characteristic feature of the injury is the symptom of the gabay - the victim reflexively supports a healthy foot to the second leg with a injured side.

With vertically unstable damage, the limb shortening is observed. Additional symptoms of fractures depend on the severity of the condition of the victim. In case of injury to the bladder, there may be involuntary urination with an admixture of blood. When the soft tissue breaks, severe bleeding can be observed. Acute pain that is enhanced when moving, provokes shock states. Due to the traumatic shock due to pain syndrome, a person may lose consciousness.

With the cracks of the bones with dislocation of the thigh, otherwise fractures, movements are limited, and the joints are twisted. Often victims face massive hemorrhages in the skin. So, the symptom of fault of the pubic bone pelvis is hemorrhage above the groove bundle. Along with pain syndrome, numbness arises. If the injury is accompanied by damage to the rectum, anal bleeding occurs.

First aid

PMP is held on the spot. First aid by the non-medical officer during the fracture of the bones of the pelvis should be made with maximum caution. What to do in case of pronounced pain syndrome? The rules for the provision of PMP provide for the overall and local anesthesia. The victim must be given the right pose - in horizontal position, the legs are slightly bent, a roller is placed under the knees. In this form, the doctor is waiting for a doctor.

First aid for the fracture of the bones of the pelvis includes stopping bleeding and traumatic shock therapy. Next, the victim is transported to the hospital. Turn the patient with maximum caution, there are transportation methods that exclude complications on the road. Usually, immobilization is carried out to transport persons with a fracture of the pelvis. It is as follows:

• the staircase tires are fused along the contour of the back of the thigh;
• fix from hips to foot;
• the elongated tires are immobilized by the top of the body from the axillary depression.

It is best to carry out transportation in the fracture of the pelvic bones using the Diterich tire. Immobilization with a pelvic fracture is a prerequisite for the transportation of the victim. In this position, the patient before the injury can be without consequences. Transport immobilization in the fractures of the bones of the pelvis is allowed to be carried out with the help of wooden rails and other primary items of sufficient width.

Invalid actions at the victim with pelvic injuries, transportation on ordinary stretchers without a shield, tight binting, the absence of cotton pads before overlaying the tire (especially in the places of anatomical folds) are considered. If, when carrying out transport immobilization, all the rules are observed during the pelvis fractures, and the first aid was provided in a timely manner, the risk of complications is minimal.

Diagnostics

Tool methods Diagnostics are considered fundamental when examining patients with hip injuries. Doctors must believe the integrity of other organs and bone structures, since the fractures of the pelvis bone rarely go apart. Diagnosis allows you to identify concomitant disorders and assign adequate treatment. If X-ray images do not allow fully understood clinical picture, KT and MRI are prescribed. They give detailed information and help to detect soft tissue breaks: back muscles, ligaments, etc.

In the case when the bladder damage is suspected, ultrasound diagnostics can be assigned. It all depends on the overall condition of the patient and the concomitant symptoms. If the patient suffered a large blood loss, then before the diagnosis, the status is stabilized.

Treatment

The initial therapy should be provided at the injury. In the future, the fracture of the bones of the pelvis is treated with the nature of damage. In traumatology, immobilization methods, extracting, surgical treatment are used.

Cure injury without surgery possible if the fracture without offset. This uses various supporting structures and medicines. In the treatment of the fracture of pelvic bones, use:

• immobilization in a frog pose - shown at double faults by type of malgen;
• apparatus Ilizarova - It is used to fix bones of the pelvis and the treatment of the effects of fractures: deformations, incompactions, etc.;
• skeletal stretch - shown in violation of the integrity of various pelvis structures;
• pelvic bandage - Helps in case of isolated fractures.

Therapeutic measures last several months. Edge damage is successfully treated with external and internal locks, corsets on a pelvic ring and berry belts. If the pelvis is well fastened, the battle takes 2.5-3 months. Additionally, when the fracture, products with a high content of calcium and D3 are given - such a diet accelerates the fighting process.

Since the fractures of this kind often give complications, the patient is assigned a disability group. When the fracture of the LON or iliac articulation gives the III group of disability. In injuries, the godded depressions can temporarily assign the group II.

Operational treatment

Significant displacement of fragments and inefficiency conservative therapy Conduct to spend operational treatment Fractures. The operation is carried out under the blood loss, blood transfusion is carried out. If there are accompanying damage to organs and tissues, they are eliminated: sewing vessels and tendons, fragments of bones are combined with special plates. If there are breaks of the walls of the bladder, they are stitched and installed temporary drainage.

During the operation at the fracture, plates, screws or other metal structures are placed. Thus, the bone fragments are fixed. Further feeding of fabrics is carried out in layers. In the event of a malfunction, Malgen takes place of bone seams. To restore the integrity of the pelvic rings at a fracture, treatment implies an acute osteosynthesis. If the fracture of Malgen's pelvis was cured by the surgical method, then you can get up in 2 weeks.

Fracture pelvis: how many heals

Usually, the pelvis fractures require a long period of recovery. Bone structures are healing for a long time, the bones are especially hard conservative treatment. How much the pelvis is healing, depends on a number of factors: the age of the patient concomitant diseases and injuries. Return to normal life is possible for 4-6 months. Patients begin to walk in 2.5 months in the case of conservative therapy and for 3 weeks in surgical treatment.

It is difficult to say how much time will leave for healing after injury if the fracture occurred during the accident. A person can have other dangerous injuries that complicate rehabilitation. Treatments of treatment are determined by the doctor. To bones are not shifted, the lower part of the body is immobilized. Then allowed little to sit down with the help of support, then try to step on your feet. Any active actions, including sex and physical education at this stage are contraindicated.

How many lie in the hospital with a fracture pelvis

The total period of hospitalization ranges within 2 months. How much to lie in the hospital in case of complicated injuries, the doctor decides, leaning on the clinic and the number of fault places. After the immobilization period, the patient is allowed to lie on the side, sit, make the first steps under the control of the specialist.

Rehabilitation

To avoid the development of traumatic contractures, a planned and phased recovery after the pelvic bone fracture is carried out. The list of rehabilitation activities includes physiotherapy, anticoagulant techniques, increasing loads.

Rehabilitation After the pelvis fracture should not be forced. After the operation, it is recommended to use walkers, crutches or other orthopedic structures. It is possible to restore the functions of the limbs by the end of 3 months, in the case of complex injuries - for six months. Painful feelings During the recovery period, it is not uncommon, so doctors prescribe painkillers. The prevention of complications recommended gymnastics in water.

Physiotherapy

Hardware therapy is paying much attention during the period of rehabilitation. At the fracture of the pelvic bones, the following procedures are shown:

• broma electrophoresis - possesses an anesthetic effect, soothes the injured area;
• interference Toki. - activate the trophy, eliminate pulling pains in limb from damage;
• paraffin-ozocenite applications - increase the rate of regeneration, improve blood flow, relax muscle tissue;
• UV irradiation - increase local immunity, increase the speed of the exclusion and healing of tissues;
• electrophoresis with lidocaine and calcium chloride - reduces muscle tone, anesthetics, eliminates the swelling, increases the amount of oxygen in the tissues, forces the Lymph current;
• magnetotherapy - Provides a rapid battle of bones, removes muscle spasm, increases the activity of calcium ions, suppresses inflammatory reactions.

Physiotherapy will complement therapeutic gymnastics. The exercise complex is selected individually. Initially, the exercises are performed in the lying position. It is recommended to slowly bend legs in the knees, moving footsteps and fingers. After the doctor is allowed to get up, practice the variation from foot to foot, transfer support from the heel on the sock and back. Training continues at home, gradually increasing the load.

Complications and consequences

Traumatization of pelvic bones is considered dangerous. Complications arise in most cases, and some have fatal meaning. Negative consequences of the pelvic fracture imply:

• restriction of movements in the hip joint;
• lameness and duck gait;
• muscle hypotrophy;
• osteosclerosis, arthritis, etc.;
• erectile disorders in men;
• problems with hacking pregnancy and infertility in women;
• difficulties with urination and defecation.

If the woman was injured at a young age, then give birth naturally to her can be contraindicated. Among the most frequent complications, urological infections and inflammation of the bladder are also among the most frequent complications.

The higher the severity of damage, the more damage to health causes injury. Pelvic disorders remain the cause of high mortality, especially in elderly people. It is not always possible to restore the functions of the internal pelvis organs and return the anatomical mobility of the limbs. Due to the presence of blood, hemarthrosis develops in the patient's hip joints. In this case, the puncture is carried out.

Dear readers of the site 1Medhelp, if you have any questions on this topic - we will be happy to answer them. Leave your feedback, comments, share stories as you experienced a similar injury and successfully coped with the consequences! Your life experience can be useful to other readers.