Gross formula

Pharmacological group of substance Calcium gluconate

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

Characteristics of the substance Calcium gluconate

White granular or crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. Slowly dissolves into cold water(1:50), easily - in boiling (1: 5), practically insoluble in ethanol and ether. Contains 9% calcium. Molecular mass 430,37.

Pharmacology

Replenishes relative or absolute calcium deficiency. Calcium ions are involved in the transfer nerve impulses, in the contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, myocardium, in blood coagulation and other physiological processes, in the formation and maintenance of the integrity of bone tissue (the intercellular bone substance contains a large amount of calcium salts, which together with collagen protein ossein provides firmness and elasticity).

Application of the substance Calcium gluconate

Hypocalcemia, insufficient function of the parathyroid glands (latent tetany, osteoporosis), disorders of vitamin D metabolism, rickets (spasmophilia, osteomalacia), correction of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure, increased need for calcium (pregnancy, lactation, growth period), insufficient calcium intake with food, impaired calcium metabolism, incl. in the postmenopausal period, increased excretion of calcium (chronic diarrhea, secondary hypocalcemia, including against the background of long-term use of certain diuretics, anticonvulsant drugs or glucocorticoids), myasthenia gravis (as part of complex therapy), allergic diseases, bleeding, increased vascular permeability, parenchymal hepatitis, toxic liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic and fluoric acids.

In dentistry: acute inflammatory processes accompanied by edema, postoperative period(in order to reduce edema), remineralizing therapy for the prevention and treatment of caries and non-carious lesions of the tooth, allergic diseases, prevention of postoperative bleeding.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia (calcium concentration should not exceed 12 mg% or 6 mEq / l), severe hypercalciuria, calcium nephrourolithiasis, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, sarcoidosis, concomitant use of cardiac glycosides (risk of arrhythmias).

Restrictions on use

Dehydration, electrolyte disturbances(risk of developing hypercalcemia), diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, calcium nephrourolithiasis (in history), mild hypercalciuria, moderate chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, widespread atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability; for intramuscular injection - childhood(due to the risk of necrosis).

Side effects of the substance Calcium gluconate

Ingestion - constipation, irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. With parenteral administration - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia; with the on / in the introduction - a feeling of heat, first in the mouth, and then throughout the body; with intramuscular injection - infiltrates and necrosis at the injection site.

Interaction

Calcium gluconate forms complexes with antibiotics of the tetracycline series and neutralizes their antibacterial effect when used together.

Updating information

With the simultaneous use of calcium gluconate inside, it slows down the absorption of tetracyclines, digoxin, oral medications iron (the interval between their doses should be at least 2 hours).

With simultaneous use under the influence of cholestyramine, the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Calcium gluconate with simultaneous use reduces the hypotensive effect of calcium channel blockers (intravenous administration of calcium gluconate before and after verapamil reduces its hypotensive effect).

During treatment with cardiac glycosides, parenteral administration of calcium gluconate is not recommended (possibly increased cardiotoxicity). With simultaneous use with quinidine, it is possible to slow down intraventricular conduction and increase the toxicity of quinidine.

When combined with thiazide diuretics, calcium gluconate can increase hypercalcemia, reduce the effect of calcitonin in hypercalcemia, and reduce the bioavailability of phenytoin.

Pharmaceutical interactions. Calcium gluconate in the form of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration is pharmaceutically incompatible with carbonates, salicylates, sulfates (forms insoluble or hardly soluble calcium salts).

Attention! The information is provided for informational purposes only. This instruction should not be used as a guide to self-medication. The need for prescription, methods and doses of the drug are determined exclusively by the attending physician.

general characteristics

international and chemical names: Calcium gluconate;
calcium salt of gluconic acid;

basic physical and chemical properties: white tablets;

composition: one tablet contains calcium gluconate 0.5 g;

Excipients: potato starch, calcium stearate, aerosil.

Release form. Pills.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Calcium preparations. ATC code А12АА03.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics: Calcium ions take part in the transmission of nerve impulses, the contraction of smooth and striated muscles, the functioning myocardium (Myocardium- the muscle tissue of the heart, which makes up the bulk of its mass. Rhythmic coordinated contractions of the myocardium of the ventricles and atria are carried out by the conducting system of the heart), blood clotting, they are necessary for the normal formation of bone tissue, the functioning of other systems and organs. The concentration of calcium ions in the blood decreases in many pathological processes; severe hypocalcemia contributes to the occurrence tetany (Tetany- a disease characterized by hypofunction of the parathyroid glands)... Calcium gluconate-Darnitsa, in addition to eliminating hypocalcemia, reduces vascular permeability, has antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic effect.

Pharmacokinetics: After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed in the intestines and enters the bloodstream, where it is in an ionized and bound state. Ionized calcium has physiological activity, its depot is bone tissue. It is excreted from the body in the urine, but to a large extent in the feces.

Indications for use

Calcium gluconate-Darnitsa is used in case of insufficient function of the parathyroid glands (Glands- organs that produce and secrete specific substances that are involved in various physiological functions and biochemical processes of the body. The endocrine glands secrete their waste products - hormones directly into the blood or lymph. External secretion glands - on the surface of the body, mucous membranes or into the external environment (sweat, salivary, mammary glands)), increased release of calcium from the body (in particular, with prolonged immobilization of the patient), for the prevention and elimination of calcium deficiency during the period of intensive growth and development in children and adolescents, during pregnancy and lactation, with postmenopausal osteoporosis (Osteoporosis- rarefaction or degeneration of bone tissue with a restructuring of its structure, accompanied by a decrease in the number of bone bars per unit of bone volume, thinning, curvature and complete resorption of some of these elements different etiology) , systemic corticosteroid therapy (Therapy- 1. The field of medicine studying internal illnesses, one of the oldest and most basic medical specialties. 2. Part of a word or phrase used to indicate the type of treatment (oxygen therapy \; hemotherapy - treatment with blood preparations)), deficit vitamin D (Vitamin D- a group of steroid vitamins involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, the deficiency of which leads to the development of rickets), rickets, osteomalacia, bone fractures; as an adjuvant for allergic diseases, including allergic complications associated with taking medications, to reduce vascular permeability in pathological processes of various origins, with parenchymal hepatitis, toxic (Toxic- poisonous, harmful to the body) liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, hyperkalemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia (Myoplegia- hereditary disease nervous system, which is characterized by the development of attacks of flaccid paralysis of skeletal muscles, plunging the patient into temporary immobility. During an attack, intracellular potassium metabolism in skeletal muscles and myoneural synapses is disrupted), at skin diseases.

Method of administration and dosage

Calcium gluconate-Darnitsa is prescribed orally before meals. Adults are prescribed in a dose of 1-3 g (2-6 tablets) 2-3 times a day. Children aged 3 to 4 years - 1 g each, from 5 to 6 years old - 1-1.5 g each, from 7 to 9 years old - 1.5-2 g each, from 10 to 14 years old - 2- 3 g. Take 2-3 times a day. The daily dose of the drug for the elderly should not exceed 2 g.

Side effect

Possible nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (Diarrhea- increased excretion of liquid feces associated with the accelerated passage of intestinal contents due to increased peristalsis, impaired absorption of water in the large intestine and the release of a significant amount of inflammatory secretion by the intestinal wall), pain in the epigastric region, bradycardia (Bradycardia- a decrease in the number of heartbeats to 60 beats per minute or less (absolute bradycardia) or a lag in the increase in heart rate from an increase in body temperature).
In cases of occurrence side effects it is necessary to stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

Contraindications

Thrombosis tendency, hypercalcemia, severe hypercalciuria, severe renal failure, atherosclerosis (Atherosclerosis- a systemic disease characterized by damage to the arteries with the formation of lipid (mainly cholesterol) deposits in the inner lining of the vessels, which leads to a narrowing of the lumen of the vessel up to complete blockage), hypersensitivity to the drug.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, hypercalcemia may develop. In this case, as antidote (Antidotes- medicines used for the treatment of poisoning in order to neutralize the poison and eliminate the pathological disorders caused by it) use calcitonin.

Application features

Patients with mild hypercalciuria, mild renal impairment or urolithiasis (Urolithiasis disease- formation of kidney stones) v anamnesis (Anamnesis- a set of information about the development of the disease, living conditions, past diseases, etc., collected for use for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, prevention) the drug should be prescribed with caution and the level should be monitored regularly excretion (Excretion(late lat.excretio) - the same as selection) calcium in the urine. Patients with a tendency to form calculi in the urine are advised to increase the amount of fluid consumed.

Interaction with other medicinal products

Calcium gluconate-Darnitsa eliminates the suppression of neuromuscular transmission after application antibiotics (Antibiotics- substances with the ability to kill microbes (or prevent their growth). Used as drugs that suppress bacteria, microscopic fungi, some viruses and protozoa, there are also antitumor antibiotics) aminoglycosides. The drug when used together with thiazide diuretics (Diuretics - medicinal substances, increasing the excretion of urine by the kidneys and thereby contributing to the elimination of excess water and sodium chloride from the body) leads to the development of hypercalcemia.
When used simultaneously with fenigidine, calcium preparations reduce its effect.
Calcium supplements increase toxicity (Toxicity- the ability of some chemical compounds and substances of biological nature to have a harmful effect on the human body, animals and plants) quinidine. Do not prescribe the drug simultaneously with other calcium preparations, cardiac glucosides, antibiotics of the tetracyclines group, phenytoin. Vitamin (Vitamins- organic substances formed in the body with the help of intestinal microflora or supplied with food, usually vegetable. Necessary for normal metabolism and life) D increases the absorption of calcium.

General product information

Conditions and shelf life. Store in a dry place out of reach of children. The shelf life is 5 years.

Vacation conditions. Over the counter.

Package. 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging.

Manufacturer.COMPANY " Pharmaceutical firm"Darnitsa".

Location. 02093, Ukraine, Kiev, st. Boryspil, 13.

Site. www.darnitsa.ua

This material is presented in free form based on the official instructions for medical use drug.

One tablet may contain 250 or 500 mg of active substance.

Auxiliary components: potato starch, anhydrous silicon dioxide in colloidal form, calcium stearate.

The concentration of the active substance in 1 ml of solution is 95.5 mg. 1 ml of the total calcium (Ca2 +) preparation contains 8.95 mg, which in terms of the theoretical content of calcium gluconate is 100 mg / ml. As auxiliary components, the composition of the solution includes calcium saccharate and water for d / i.

Release form

• pills
• chewable tablets 10 pcs. in non-cell contour packs, 1, 2 or 10 packs in a cardboard box;
• solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Ampoules 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 ml, pack # 10.

pharmachologic effect

The drug helps to restore calcium deficiency, has antiallergic, hemostatic, detoxifying, anti-inflammatory effect.

Takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses, coagulation, contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles and a number of other physiological processes.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Calcium gluconate - what is it?

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement that is used to treat conditions caused by calcium deficiency in the body. The calcium content in the preparation is 9%. INN ( Calcium gluconate) the active substance was assigned on the basis of the data of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.).

Ca ions are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, without them it cannot function normally myocardium , contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles, blood coagulation processes; without them, bone tissue cannot form normally, and other organs and systems cannot function.

The gross formula of calcium gluconate is C12H22CaO14.

Pharmacodynamics

In many diseases, the concentration of Ca ions in the blood decreases; at the same time, a pronounced calcium deficiency contributes to the development of tetany. The drug not only prevents the occurrence hypocalcemia , but also reduces the permeability of the vascular walls, relieves inflammation, has antiallergic and hemostatic action , reduces exudation.

Ca ions are a plastic material for teeth and skeleton, with their participation many enzymatic processes take place, they are responsible for regulating the permeability of cell membranes and the rate of transmission of nerve impulses.

They are needed for the process of neuromuscular transmission and maintenance of the contractile function of the heart muscle. If we compare calcium gluconate with calcium chloride, the latter has a more pronounced local irritant effect.

Pharmacokinetics

When ingested, the substance is partially absorbed, mainly in small intestine... TCmax - 1.2-1.3 hours. T1 / 2 ionized Ca from 6.8 to 7.2 hours. Penetrates into breast milk and across the placental barrier. It is excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys, but also with the contents of the intestines.

Indications for the use of Calcium gluconate

What is Calcium Gluconate Tablets for?

Doctors to the question “ What is calcium gluconate used for?”Answer that the use of the drug is advisable when:

• hypoparathyroidism ( , latent tetany);
• metabolic disorders ( spasmophilia , , osteomalacia );
• hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure;
• increased need for Ca (, periods of intensive growth in children / adolescents);
• insufficient content of Ca in the diet;
• bone fractures;
• Ca metabolism disorders in the postmenopausal period;
• conditions that are accompanied by increased Ca excretion (chronic, prolonged bed rest; long-term treatment diuretics , GKS or antiepileptic drugs );
• poisoning with oxalic acid, Mg salts, soluble salts of fluoric acid (the expediency of using the agent as a product is due to the fact that, interacting with these substances, Ca gluconate forms non-toxic Ca oxalate and fluoride).

As an adjunct to the main treatment, calcium gluconate tablets are used as a remedy for at itchy dermatoses , febrile syndrome , ,serum sickness , ; with bleeding of various origins, alimentary dystrophy , , lungs , parenchymal hepatitis , eclampsia , jade , toxic liver damage .

What are calcium gluconate injections for?

Calcium gluconate in ampoules is prescribed for individual pathologies of the parathyroid glands , conditions that are accompanied by increased excretion of Ca from the body, as an aid against allergies and also for allergic complications treatment with other drugs, to reduce vascular permeability in various kinds of pathological processes, with jade , eclampsia , liver , hyperkalemia , parenchymal hepatitis , hyperkalemic form of periodic paralysis ( paroxysmal myoplegia ), as a hemostatic agent.

Indications (intravenous / intramuscular) for the administration of the drug are also poisoning with soluble salts of fluoric acid, oxalic acid or Mg salts, for skin diseases ( psoriasis, itching, eczema ).

In some cases, Calcium gluconate is used when carrying out autohemotherapy ... This method of treatment has worked well for skin diseases, furunculosis ,recurrent colds , , allergies , during the recovery period after serious illness.

The patient is injected into a vein with 10 ml of calcium gluconate solution, and then immediately blood is taken from the vein and in the form subcutaneous injection or an injection into the gluteus muscle carries it back.

What is a hot shot?

Injections of the drug are also known as hot shots of calcium gluconate. In fact, the solution is injected only warmed up to body temperature.

A hot injection is called because of the patient's subjective sensations: after the injection, there is usually a feeling of warmth spreading over the body, and sometimes a fairly strong burning sensation.

Calcium gluconate for allergies

Doctors have proven that one of the causes of allergies there may be a pronounced deficiency of Ca in the body. It is with the deficiency of Ca that the majority of allergic reactions in children: children's organism it grows very intensively, as a result - the content of Ca in all its tissues decreases.

In addition, excess vitamin D in the body and teething are factors that contribute to the formation of Ca deficiency.

For this reason, as one of the methods of prevention and treatment allergies in patients predisposed to this condition, calcium gluconate is often used.

With a sufficient intake of calcium into the body, the permeability of the vascular walls decreases, and penetration is difficult allergens into the systemic circulation. This means that an increase in Ca concentration is accompanied by a decrease in the likelihood of an acute immune reaction.

Calcium gluconate is used in combination with antihistamines ... The remedy is prescribed, among other things, to eliminate side effects caused by taking other medications.

Studies have shown that as a source of only Ca for the body, the calcium salt of gluconic acid is the least active, but for the treatment and prevention of any allergic diseases calcium gluconate works best.

The tablets are taken orally before meals. The dose depends on the characteristics of the disease and the age of the patient.

In addition, in some cases, the patient may be prescribed intravenous administration of the solution. Calcium gluconate at allergies intramuscular or subcutaneous injections are not recommended (especially for children).

Treatment for allergies is usually 7 to 14 days.

Calcium gluconate at allergies (reviews are eloquent confirmation of this) - this is a time-tested and enough effective remedy, which, on top of that, is almost impossible to overdose.

Maximum absorption of calcium is provided with the participation , amino acids (in particular, L-arginine and lysine) and Ca-binding protein.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of solution and tablets:

• intolerance to the components of the drug;
• pronounced hypercalciuria ;
• tendency to thrombosis;
• hypercoagulation ;
• expressed ;
• calcium nephrourolithiasis ;
• increased blood clotting;
• severe form ;
• the period of treatment with cardiac glycosides (for example, digitalis drugs).

Side effects

The drug is usually well tolerated, but in some cases the following disorders are possible:

• bradycardia ;
• hypercalciuria , hypercalcemia ;
• nausea, vomiting, stool disturbances (/ diarrhea), epigastric pain;
• the formation of calcium stones in the intestine (with prolonged use of high doses of the drug);
• renal dysfunction ( lower limbs, frequent urination);
• hypersensitivity reactions.

With parenteral administration, nausea, vomiting, bradycardia , diarrhea, feeling of heat in oral cavity and then throughout the body, changes in the skin. These reactions go away rather quickly and do not require special treatment.

With the rapid introduction of the solution, nausea, increased, vomiting, arterial hypotension , collapse (in some situations, lethal). Extravasal ingestion of the solution may result in soft tissue calcification.

In very rare cases, allergic and anaphylactic reactions .

With the introduction of calcium gluconate intramuscularly, local irritation and tissue necrosis .

Instructions for the use of Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate tablets, instructions for use

Tablets are taken before meals, previously chopped or chewed.

A single dose for patients over 14 years old is from 1 to 3 g (2-6 tablets for each dose). Patients 3-14 years old are given 2-4 tablets. 2-3 rubles / day

The treatment lasts from 10 days to 1 month. The duration of the course is determined by the attending physician individually, depending on the patient's condition.

The permissible upper limit of the daily dose for elderly patients is 4 tab. (2 d).

Ampoules Calcium gluconate, instructions for use

Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

For patients over 14 years old, injections are given 1 r. / Day. A single dose is from 5 to 10 ml of solution. Injections, depending on the patient's condition, are allowed to be done daily, every other day or once every two days.

For children from birth to 14 years old, the dose of 10% calcium gluconate solution IV varies from 0.1 to 5 ml.

Before administration, the drug should be heated to body temperature. The medicine should be administered slowly - within 2-3 minutes.

For injecting less than one milliliter of solution single dose it is recommended to dilute to the required volume (syringe volume) with 5% glucose solution or 0.9% NaCl solution.

Overdose

Long-term treatment with high doses of calcium gluconate increases the risk of developing hypercalcemia with the deposition of Ca salts in the body. Probability hypercalcemia increases with the simultaneous use of high doses vitamin D or its derivatives.

Hypercalcemia is manifested by:

• anorexic ;
• constipation;
• nausea / vomiting;
• irritability;
• increased fatigue;
• polyuria ;
• abdominal pain;
• polydipsia ;
• muscle weakness;
• arterial hypertension ;
• arthralgia ;
• mental disorders;
• kidney stone disease ;
• nephrocalcinosis .

In severe cases, it is possible and cardiac arrhythmia .

To eliminate the symptoms of an overdose, the drug should be discontinued. In severe cases, the patient is prescribed intravenous administration. calcitonin at the rate of 5-10 MO / kg / day. The agent is diluted in 0.5 l of 0.9% NaCl solution and injected drip over six hours. Slow drip introduction of the antidote 2-4 rubles / day is also allowed.

Interaction

A drug:

• slows down absorption etidronate , estramustine , bisphosphonates , tetracycline series , quinolones , fluoride and iron preparations for oral administration (an interval of at least 3 hours should be maintained between their doses).
• reduces bioavailability phenytoin ;
• enhances cardiotoxicity cardiac glycosides ;
• in patients with hypercalcemia reduces efficiency calcitonin ;
• reduces the effects of calcium channel blockers;
• increases toxicity quinidine .

Combined with quinidine provokes a slowdown in intraventricular conduction, in combination with thiazide diuretics the risk of developing hypercalcemia . Vitamin D and its derivatives increase the absorption of Ca. Cholestyramine reduces the absorption of Ca in the gastrointestinal tract.

Forms insoluble or poorly soluble Ca salts with salicylates, carbonates, sulfates.

Certain foods (for example, rhubarb, bran, spinach, cereals) can reduce the absorption of Ca from the digestive tract.

Not compatible with the solution:

• carbonates;
• sulfates;
• salicylates;
• ethanol.

Terms of sale

The tablets are a non-prescription drug. A prescription is required to purchase ampoules with solution.

Recipe in Latin (sample): Rp .: Sol. Calcii gluconatis 10% 10 ml D.t.d. 6 ampull. S. For intramuscular or intravenous administration(0.5-1 amp each).

Storage conditions

Store at temperatures below 25 ° C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

Solution - 2 years. Tablets - 5 years.

special instructions

Because of the possibility of necrosis, calcium gluconate should be administered exclusively intravenously to children under 14 years of age.

Before filling the syringe, it is necessary to exclude the presence of alcohol residues in it (a precipitate may form).

Treatment of patients with urolithiasis a history of decreased glomerular filtration or insignificant hypercalciuria should be carried out under the control of urinary Ca2 + levels. To reduce the risk of developing urolithiasis it is recommended to consume enough liquid.

"Pharaoh's snake" from calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate tablets are often used by enthusiastic chemists to produce the "pharaoh serpent" - a porous product that is formed from a small amount of reactants.

The tablet is placed on dry fuel, and then the fuel is set on fire. A light gray “snake” with white spots begins to creep out of the tablet. At the same time, the volume of the "pharaoh snake" significantly exceeds the volume of the original substance: for example, in the course of some experiments, snakes 10-15 cm long were obtained from 1 tablet.

During the decomposition of calcium gluconate, Ca oxide is formed, carbon dioxide, carbon and water. The characteristic shade of the resulting snake is given by Ca oxide. The only drawback of such a “pharaoh snake” is its fragility, it crumbles very easily.

Analogs

Calcium Gluconate-Vial , LECT ,B. Brown ; Additive calcium , Glycerophosphate Granules , CalViv , Calcium pangamate , Calcium-Sandoz .

Calcium gluconate for children

What is calcium gluconate prescribed for children?

In the articles, Dr. Komarovsky notes that the most frequent indications for the use of the drug in pediatrics are conditions caused by insufficient intake of calcium into the body with food, as well as conditions caused by impaired absorption of calcium in the intestine.

Development hypocalcemia along with a reduced Ca content in food, it also contributes to hypovitaminosis D ... Also, the reason hypocalcemia individual diseases can also become parathyroid glands and thyroid gland .

In addition to these diseases and rickets , indications for the appointment of Ca preparations for children are allergic diseases (acute or chronic), skin diseases, pathologies manifested by blood coagulation disorders, physiological conditions, which are accompanied by an increase in the child's body demand for Ca (periods of active growth).

How to take calcium gluconate correctly?

Komarovsky recommends to children to dose calcium gluconate depending on age. In the first 12 months of a child's life, the standards for daily Ca intake range from 0.21 to 0.27 g. Children under 3 years old need 0.5 g of Ca per day, children 4-8 years old - 0.8 g, children over eight years old - 1-1.3 g.

As a rule, children get Ca with dairy products, herbs, fruits, vegetables and nuts.

Tablets for children under 12 months are given 3 per day (1.5 g), children under 4 years old - 6 per day (3 g), children under 9 years old - depending on the severity of Ca deficiency and the characteristics of the clinical situation - 6-12 pills day (3-6 g), children under 14 years old - 12-18 a day (6-9 g).

The daily dose is divided into 2-4 doses.

In / in children, the drug is usually administered as a means of emergency: for bleeding, convulsions, acute allergic reactions.

The solution is not administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly to children. The medicine can only be injected into the muscle by adult patients!

Calcium gluconate during pregnancy

During pregnancy and during breastfeeding the use of the drug is possible taking into account the ratio of benefit to the mother / risk to the fetus (child).

It is possible to say for sure whether pregnant women can take calcium gluconate in each specific case, only the attending physician can.

When taking Ca preparations during lactation, their penetration into milk is possible.

A drug that replenishes calcium deficiency in the body

Active substance

Calcium gluconate monohydrate

Release form, composition and packaging

◊ Pills white, flat-cylindrical, chamfered and scored.

Excipients: potato starch 23 mg, talc 5 mg, calcium stearate monohydrate 2 mg.

10 pieces. - non-cell contoured packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - non-cell contoured packaging (2) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - contour cell packaging (1) - cardboard packs.
10 pieces. - contour cell packaging (2) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

The calcium supplement compensates for the deficiency of calcium ions necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of skeletal and smooth muscles, myocardial activity, the formation of bone tissue, and blood coagulation.

Pharmacokinetics

Approximately 1/5 to 1/3 of the orally administered drug is absorbed in the small intestine; this process depends on the presence of D, pH, diet and the presence of factors that can bind calcium ions. The absorption of calcium ions increases with its deficiency and the use of a diet with a reduced content of calcium ions. About 20% is excreted by the kidneys, the rest (80%) is removed with the intestinal contents.

Indications

Diseases accompanied by hypocalcemia, increased permeability of cell membranes (including vessels), impaired conduction of nerve impulses in muscle tissue.

Hypoparathyroidism (latent tetany, osteoporosis), disorders of vitamin D metabolism: rickets (spasmophilia, osteomalacia), hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic.

Increased need for calcium ions (pregnancy, lactation, period of increased growth of the body), insufficient content of calcium ions in food, impaired metabolism (in the postmenopausal period).

Enhanced excretion of calcium ions (prolonged bed rest, chronic, secondary hypocalcemia against the background of prolonged use of diuretics and antiepileptic drugs, glucocorticosteroids).

Poisoning with salts of magnesium ions, oxalic and fluoric acids and their soluble salts (when interacting with calcium gluconate, insoluble and non-toxic calcium oxalate and calcium fluoride are formed).

Hypercalcemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia (the concentration of calcium ions should not exceed 12 mg% ~ 6 mEq / l), severe hypercalciuria, nephrourolithiasis (calcium), sarcoidosis, simultaneous intake of cardiac glycosides (risk of arrhythmias), children under 3 years of age.

Carefully. Dehydration, electrolyte disturbances (risk of hypercalcemia), diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, mild hypercalciuria, moderate chronic renal failure, chronic insufficiency, widespread atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, calcium nephrourolithiasis (in history).

Dosage

Grind before use.

Inside, before meals or 1-1.5 hours after ingestion (washed down with milk). Adults - 1-3 g 2-3 times a day (maximum daily dose- 9 g).

Pregnant and lactating mothers- 1-3 g 2-3 times a day (maximum daily dose - 9 g).

Children: 3-4 years - 1 g (maximum daily dose - 3.0 g); 5-6 years - 1-1.5 g (maximum daily dose - 4.5 g); 7-9 years old - 1.5-2 g (maximum daily dose - 6 g); 10-14 years old - 2-3 g (maximum daily dose - 9 g); frequency of admission - 2-3 times a day.

Side effects

Constipation, mucosal irritation gastrointestinal tract, hypercalcemia.

Overdose

Symptoms: development of hypercalcemia.

Treatment: inject calcitonin 5-10 ME / kg / day. (diluting it in 500 ml of 0.9% solution). Duration of administration is 6 hours.

Drug interactions

Forms insoluble complexes with antibiotics of the tetracycline series (reduces the antibacterial effect).

With simultaneous use with quinidine, it is possible to slow down intraventricular conduction and increase the toxicity of quinidine.

Slows down the absorption of digoxin, oral iron preparations (the interval between doses should be at least 2 hours).

When combined with thiazide diuretics, it can increase hypercalcemia. Reduces the effect of calcitonin in hypercalcemia. Reduces the bioavailability of phenytoin.

Calcium gluconate is a medical medicinal product aimed primarily at restoring the right level calcium in humans. It is actively used in medicine to normalize physiological reactions. human body, in which calcium ions take part.

The composition of the product

A solution of calcium gluconate for injection is available ready-made and is a clear liquid, colorless and odorless. The active component of the solution is calcium gluconate. In 10 ml of solution, its content is 10% (1 g). The excipients in the injection solution are calcium saccharate and distilled water.

In pharmacies, you can most often find a 10% solution, in which 1 mg of gluconate falls on 10 ml of liquid.

The liquid is in a transparent glass ampoule. The package of such ampoules contains 10 pieces, 10 ml each.

Mechanism of action

Calcium ions, the deficiency of which the body reacts so sharply, and which it really needs, take part in the conduction of nerve impulses. They make sure that the organs and systems in the body can work clearly and harmoniously. After entering the body, calcium is distributed throughout all its tissues and immediately begins to participate in metabolic processes.

Bone strength, normal blood clotting, increased adrenaline production by the adrenal glands, decreased vascular permeability - all these processes are impossible without a normal calcium balance in the human body.

Important! The ions of this substance help teeth and bones to remain strong and strong.

When to use

The drug is prescribed in such conditions of the body when the level of calcium ions in the human blood decreases to a critical level.

Indications for the use of calcium gluconate in the form of injections:

• therapy of allergic manifestations with the use of antihistamines.
• during treatment inflammatory processes of any kind and different localization.
• problems with the work of the kidneys, since the body loses calcium very quickly - it is excreted along with the urine.
• hepatitis, which occurs with inflammation of the liver parenchyma, as well as in cases where the liver is exposed to any toxic effects.
• disruption of the thyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism) - due to such a disease, the concentration of calcium in the blood decreases sharply. The drug is not able to restore the lost functions of the glands, it only makes up for the lack of this element.
• the drug is actively used as an auxiliary hemostatic agent for various bleeding - uterine, intestinal, nasal, pulmonary.
• excessive permeability of cell walls.
• carrying a child, lactation, menopause, intensive growth in children and adolescents - all those periods when the body feels a high need for calcium.
• rickets and other disorders of vitamin D metabolism.
• bone fractures of any complexity and increased bone fragility.
• the appearance of teeth in children.
• poisoning with certain types of salts and acids.
• frequent rhinitis, colds, bronchitis.
• osteoporosis.
• diet, poor in calcium.
• conditions when calcium is intensively washed out of the body - prolonged diarrhea, treatment with drugs against epilepsy, bed rest for a long time, and others.

Contraindications

You cannot use injections if the following signs are found:

• individual intolerance to the main component.
• an increase in the concentration of calcium in human blood up to 6 meq / l - this also applies to those cases when the increase has already occurred as a result of the calcium injections taken.
• children less than 15 years old.
• various kidney diseases.
• excessively high blood clotting, in particular, a tendency to thrombus formation.
• pregnancy and lactation - calcium injections should not be used.
• excessive excretion of calcium in the urine.
• atherosclerosis.

Rules for the use of injections

Intramuscular injections are allowed at home, intravenous calcium gluconate should be administered only in the treatment room. The drug is administered very slowly - 2-3 minutes. Preparation of the drug for the procedure involves heating it up to +37 degrees.

Children under 14 years of age are prescribed 7 ml of the drug, depending on the disease, once a day or one injection once every 2-3 days.

For patients under 14 years of age: 1-5 ml once every 2-3 days, however, the administration in this case should only be intravenous. It is impossible to carry out intramuscular injections of calcium for children - necrotic tissue necrosis at the injection site is possible.

On an individual basis, the doctor should develop a scheme for administering injections, select the dosage and determine the duration of the course of treatment. This is influenced by the patient's personal data: weight and height, gender, age group, disease and its severity.

Important! Self-administration of calcium in the form of injections is unacceptable. Only a doctor can assess the possible benefits and risks.

Intramuscularly calcium gluconate is injected exclusively into the gluteus muscle - the pain from the injection will not be so noticeable in it. It will also help to avoid the formation of bumps and bruises, the drug will quickly enter the bloodstream.

It is necessary to carry out a thorough antiseptic treatment of the injection surface. Since the introduction may develop necrosis or inflammation at the injection site, you need to take all safety measures - this will help to avoid complications.

Calcium gluconate injections are given with regular monitoring of the patient's blood electrolytes.

At intramuscular injections you can not take calcium tablets at the same time. Before starting treatment, it is imperative to make sure that there are no contraindications.

For pregnant women, calcium gluconate is prescribed in injections only in the most extreme cases - as a rule, tablets with a similar effect are shown during this period.

Description of adverse reactions

There are not too many side effects and undesirable consequences from using the drug in injections, but the likelihood of their occurrence must be taken into account.

The instructions for use describe the following side effects:

• as mentioned above, tissue necrosis at the injection site is the most common unwanted consequence... It occurs mainly due to a violation of the technique of drug administration. To prevent it, each subsequent injection should be done in a different area. You can dilute the drug administration scheme with 1-2 days of rest (with the scheme every other day). The method of temporary withdrawal of injections is very effective in this case.
• nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, or, conversely, constipation.
• decrease or increase in heart rate. This effect is possible with excessively hasty administration of the drug.
• redness of the skin at the injection site, their swelling and soreness.
• there is a likelihood of stones in the intestines - in the case of prolonged use of this medicinal product and (or) the use of large doses of the drug.
• dysfunction of the kidneys, expressed in swelling of the legs, profuse and frequent urination.
• the most severe consequences of admission can be the development of anaphylactic shock and collapse (up to death - extremely rare). Then you may need urgent help.

Important! If, nevertheless, any of the side effects manifested themselves, then any administration of calcium should be stopped.

Overdose

Cases of drug overdose are associated, as a rule, with its long term of use or an unnecessarily high dosage.

In cases of overdose, symptoms and conditions such as:

• nausea, vomiting, constipation.
• fatigue and excessive irritability.
• painful sensations in the peritoneum.
• muscle weakness.
• increased production of urine.
• intense thirst and dry mouth.
• increased blood pressure.
• the formation of kidney stones.

If the fact of an overdose is established, further use of the drug is immediately canceled. In especially difficult situations, the patient is prescribed intravenous injections of calcitonin. It is possible to use droppers with an antidote.

Drug interactions

1. The drug slows down the absorption of antibiotics of the tetracyclines class, dosage forms iron and fluoride.
2. Increases the toxicity of drugs to combat heart failure.
3. Foods such as spinach, various grains, bran, rhubarb reduce the absorption of calcium from the digestive system.