It is very important to reveal children in a timely manner in a state of health, which are not yet irreversible, but reduce physical performance, delay the development of the body. This contributes to the early detection of pathological conditions, systematic observation of patients with children and children subject to risk factors.

To assess the health of children and adolescents there are four criteria: the presence or absence of chronic diseases; the level of functioning of the body's main systems; the degree of resistance to adverse effects; The level of physical development and the degree of harmony.

Very great impact on children and adolescents of the social environment. This is the health of parents, and the features of the pregnancy of Mother, childbirth and early development of the baby, home conditions, microclimate in the family, organization of physical education, recreation, sanitary and hygienic conditions at school, vocational school, preschool institutions, etc.

Today in schools, gymnasiums and lyceums a large percentage of children has deviations in a state of health. This is an ARVI, angina, chronic tonsillitis, allergic diseases, violations of vision, function of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal diseases, neuritis, disease of the cardiovascular system, etc.

The nature of pathological deviations depends on the age of children. In children, 2-4 years mostly revealed reversible shifts of a functional nature.

Chronic diseases are formed at an older age (mainly in school years), but often they occur at the age of 4-7 years (diseases of the nasopharynx, disorders of the posture, diseases of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, etc.). The first place is occupied by the diseases of the nasopharynx, then the myopia, the disorder of posture, flatfoot, diseases of the digestive, respiration organs, neuropsychiatric disorders.

The following health groups are distinguished: Group I are healthy, not having chronic diseases, with the appropriate age physical development. Rarely sick; Group II - Healthy, with morphofunctional deviations, without chronic diseases, but having deviations in physical development; Group III - patients with chronic diseases in the compensation stage; rarely sick with acute diseases, feel good, have high performance; Group IV - patients with chronic diseases in subcompensation stage, often ill, with reduced efficiency; Group V - patients with chronic diseases in the decompensation stage. Usually, children do not attend school with such pathology, they are in special medical institutions.

A comprehensive healthcare assessment gives a pediatrician. Children and adolescents related to different groups require a differentiated approach in physical education or therapeutic physical education.

For the first group of health, training, labor and sports activities are organized without any restrictions in accordance with the programs.

Children of the second group of health need elevated attention from doctors as a risk group. With them it is necessary to conduct hardening, physical education, dietherapy, comply with the rational regime of the day.

The children of the third, fourth and fifth health groups should be under constant supervision of doctors. Their motor regime is limited, lengthens the duration of rest and night sleep.

Forms of conducting physical classes with children

1. Conduct morning gymnastics or walking.

2. Conducting physical assemblies between lessons, on great change, etc.

3. Air stay at least 3.5 hours.

4. 5-6 meals a day, vitaminization, twice a year (November-December, January-February) General UV irradiation according to an accelerated procedure with an additional intake of ascorbic acid.

5. Harding procedures (wipes, douse, souls, baths, sauna, etc.).

Organization physical education Schoolchildren with weakened health

The correct distribution of children in medical groups for physical education is an important part of the work of a pediatrician and physical education teacher.

The distribution of schoolchildren on medical groups produces a pediatrician based on the "Regulations on medical control over the physical education of the USSR population. Order number 826 from 9.xi.1966. " This allows you to properly dispense physical exertion in accordance with the state of health of schoolchildren.

All students engaged in government programs, based on data on the state of their health, physical development and physical fitness, are divided into three groups: the main, preparatory, special.

The main group includes schoolchildren without deviations in a state of health, as well as having minor deviations with sufficient physical development.

The preparatory group includes schoolchildren without deviations in a state of health, as well as with insignificant deviations with insufficient physical development.

To special medical group Present schoolchildren with deviations in a state of health state of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring limited physical exertion.

For schoolchildren of the preparatory and special medical groups, it is planned to limit the volume of physical exertion. The degree of load limit depends on the state of the health of each schoolchild, its disease and other indicators.

The physical education of schoolchildren of the Special Medical Group is carried out according to a specially developed program.

on the physical education of schoolchildren

Basic group. 1. Classes under the physical education program in full. 2. Delivery of any standards. 3. Lesson in one of the sports sections, participation in competitions.

Preparatory group. 1. Classes under the physical education program, provided that it gradually passes with the delay in the delivery of control tests (standards) and norms for up to one year. 2. Classes in the general physical training section.

Special medical group. 1. Classes on a special program or individual types of state program, the preparation period is extended, and the standards are reduced. 2. Claims of therapeutic physical education.

It should be noted that the translation from one group to another is manufactured at the annual medical examination of schoolchildren. The transition from a special medical group to the preparatory is possible, subject to the positive results of treatment and success in the classification, hardening, that is, if there are positive dynamics.

The organization of systematic physical education activities requires a number of practical events. First, the physical education teacher needs to have a complete picture of a schoolboy's disease, to know its functionality, physical development and preparedness in order to find the desired exercises and properly dispense the load. Secondly, carry out regular classes with such children and constantly instill love for physical education and sports. Thirdly, monitor the response, shifts and changes that occur in the body of each student under the influence of physical exercises. Fourth, teach children by simply receptions of self-control and prepare them for independent classes at home.

Diseases and terms of resumption of physical education

Special medical groups are completed from students for which the physical activity obtained in the physical education classes is contraindicated or requires a significant limitation (children who have certain pronounced deviations in the cardiovascular system: primary or secondary, on the basis of one or another chronic disease or residual phenomena after transferring acute disease). This group includes schoolchildren with rheumatism during remission, if after another attack passed 6-12 months, with a normal picture of blood and good object data; Children after myocarditis due to persecuted acute infectious diseases; schoolchildren with congenital and acquired heart defects; Children with increased blood pressure.

The special medical group includes schoolchildren suffering from other diseases, due to which at this time it is necessary to significantly limit the physical activity (after the transferred tuberculosis, with a significant lag in the physical development and the absence of physical training, acute gastrointestinal diseases with exhaustion phenomena, through 5-6 months after hepatocolecystitis, as well as viral hepatitis).

The same group includes schoolchildren for whom physical activity is not dangerous, but they cannot engage in a common program due to defects, ankylosis, contractures, cutting muscle atrophy, after traumatic damage, chronic infectious polyarthritis, accompanied by limiting the mobility of the joints; Having residual phenomena of polyomelitis, as well as the pronounced deformation of the spine II-III degree.

To the group with disabilities in the state of health belongs to the students with chronic diseases ( focal infection oral cavity, nasopharynx, putty sinuses nose, etc.). Chronic tonsillitis (20-40% of students), caries of teeth are especially common - almost 90%, etc. It is known that chronic foci of inflammation in the nasophaling and oral cavity change the overall reactivity of the body, reduce its protective functions, natural resistance to infections. Children often get sick in the period of raising sharp respiratory viral infections (ORVI) and influenza, they often have the exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, otitis, hymorite. The focus of infection in the nasopharynk can provoke bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, the transition to a chronic form.

Chronic tonsillitis It affects the performance of schoolchildren during training sessions, since intoxication leads to a decrease in the functionality of such organism systems such as cardiovascular, sympathy-adrenal, as well as blood, kidneys, liver, etc. Children with chronic foci of infection create "risk contingent "With regard to the development of rheumatism, kidney damage, gastrointestinal tract and many chronic diseases.

Training load, especially physical exertion cause significantly large changes in working capacity from schoolchildren with disabilities in health state than healthy schoolchildren. For example, children, patients with rheumatism, are 2 times more likely to skip classes due to malaise, headaches, pain in the heart area, with exacerbation of rheumatism. Therefore, children with chronic diseases in secondary school it is necessary to introduce elements of the health regime: decrease in the training load, LFC on a special program. For this group of schoolchildren, compulsory daily morning gymnastics are needed, walking before and after school classes, hardening procedures. Between the lessons, physical assemblies should be carried out for 2-3 minutes, walking in the fresh air on great change and walks, if the child is in the extended day group, the organization of moving games.

As a medical and wellness factor - 5-6 meals a day of schoolchildren, as well as the liberation of them from elective classes. Pupils of this category exempt from exams according to the order of the Ministry of Health and Education of the Russian Federation No. 120/813 of 3.08.1981

The acquisition of special medical groups is carried out by a pediatrician. The basis for inclusion in a special medical group is a disease, as a rule, chronic, level of physical fitness, foci of chronic infection and other criteria.

Special medical groups are completed by the nature of the disease:

cardiovascular diseases;

diseases endocrine Systemss;

digestive, endocrine systems and violations exchange processes;

diseases and damage to the spine and the musculoskeletal system;

diseases of the organs of vision and hearing;

diseases of the urinary system;

cNS and peripheral diseases nervous system (Cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, etc.).

Some schools practice joint classes of schoolchildren who have deviations in a state of health with students of the main and preparatory groups. Such lessons are ineffective, as unhealthy children are sedentible, they are not solved to perform a number of exercises, shy, and the like.

There are schools where such children are simply present in physical education classes. It is unacceptable. Classes with a special medical group should be carried out separately to spare the psyche of children and avoid excessive stress.

Special medical groups for physical education are completed with the age and health status, regardless of the disease.

In one-room schools, classes in special medical groups are planned after lessons, and in double-shifted - between shifts. The number of the group is not more than 15 people. Classes are held 2 times a week (but are physiologically justified daily classes of 35-45 minutes, or 3-5 times a week).

When determining schoolchildren in a special medical group, a pediatrician is informed by the physical education teacher about the disadvantages in the physical development and the state of the student's health, and also recommends what kinds of physical exercises and in which dosage will be useful and necessary for it. With this approach, the number of children in a special medical group in each school will be insignificant.

The complete liberation of schoolchildren from physical education classes can only be temporary. Released children who do not attend school due to significant pathological deviations in health, students at home.

Temporary exemption from classes or their restriction is necessary after the transfer of acute and exacerbation of chronic diseases. The timing of the resumption of practical exercise in these cases is determined strictly individually, taking into account the state of health and functional state Schoolboy's body systems. In the practice of medical control in determining the timing of the resumption of practical exercise after sharp and infectious diseases, we use the estimated scheme.

Approximate deadlines resumption of exercise exercise after transferred diseases

Medical and health events in sick children

and children from the risk group

The basic principle of health care is the prevention of diseases, that is, preventive events. This is especially true of children from a risk group. It is important to identify a pathological condition as early as possible and eliminate it. Observation is conducted not only for patients with children, but also for those threatening the development of pathological conditions. They are attributed to the risk group.

Of particular importance attached to the dispensarization of children, because the origins of all diseases of adults should be sought in their childhood.

Schoolchildren with the following pathologies are subject to dispensary observation: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic non-specific diseases of respiratory organs, as well as reconnaissance (recovering) after acute pneumonia; chronic diseases ENT organs; chronic and acute urinary system diseases; chronic diseases of the digestive tract; blood diseases; Endocrinological diseases; pathology of view (myopia, etc.); diseases and congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system; deviations in the neuropsychic sphere; Reconvalues \u200b\u200band often sick children with reduced performance and lagging behind in physical development.

The dispensary surveillance of school children is leading a district pediatrician together with a school physician, a nurse, a psychologist. In the "Medical Map of Child No. 026 / C" there is a special column in which the need is noted dispensary observation, Dates of the inspection and dynamics of the process flow, recommended medical and recreational activities. At the end of the year, a pediatrician in brief epicrise notes the dynamics of diseases, the number of relapses and their sharpness. The following is a plan for medical and health events for the next year.

With acute diseases, the child is usually on the treatment in the hospital (in the hospital). After the treatment, he is discharged home under the supervision of a Pediatric Pediatrician. Children attend school with exemption from physical education lessons depending on the disease (injury).

Physical education of students in special medical groups has the following tasks:

improving the functional state and prevention of disease progression;

improving physical performance;

removal of fatigue and improving mental performance;

education of hardening, exercising physical education, i.e. healthy image Life.

The effectiveness of physical education in special medical groups depends on systematic activity (3-5 times per week), adequacy of loads, combinations of physical exertion with hardening, diet and other methods.

The main means of physical education in special medical groups are dosage exercises.

Depending on the functional state, the training and course of the disease, the load should first be low intensity, then the average. The control over the reaction of the cardiovascular system is carried out on heart rate, CH, well-being, portable loads.

The basis of the training process for the cardiorespiratory system is cyclic exercises, in injuries and diseases of Oda - swimming, gyms, exercises with gymnastic stick, balls, elastic bandages, in the gymnastic wall, etc.

The lesson scheme consists of three parts: introductory, primary and final. The content and duration of the parts of the lesson depends on the nature of the disease, its flow and frequency of exacerbations, age and the sex of the child. The introductory part includes overall exercises, walking, running, breathing exercises; The main part is generalizing exercises, walking, running, breathing exercises; Main part - Specific exercises for this pathology, rolling games, elements of sports games; Final part - breathing exercises, walking, exercises for relaxation, education of the right posture, exercises for stretching of connecting and integration and autotraining.

Twice a year, a conservative treatment for children, chronic tonsillitis patients (washing lacuna, lubrication with a lugola solution, rinsing, UV irradiation, riding stop and vitaminization, especially vitamin C). For children with gastroenterology, it is organized diet nutrition. This is especially important for schoolchildren if they are in the extended day group.

The pediatrician is solved about the possibility of holding challenge procedures, improving physical education. After transferred acute diseases ENT organs, lungs children are fully exempt from physical education lessons for a certain period.

Properly organized physical education classes and hardening contribute to restoring the child's health, increase the body's protective forces, improve the functional state, mood.

The principles of dispensary observation are determined by the disease (injury) and the peculiarities of the pathological process.

Cardiovascular disease

The general provisions of the methodology for conducting classes with schoolchildren suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system:

group method of classes (preferably in the fresh air, in the park or in the square, i.e., the need for a tempering effect);

the lesson is built so that cyclic exercises prevailed ( different kinds walking, running, combination of run and walk, ski rides, skating, etc.);

exercises are excluded with breathing delay, outling, on simulators, etc.

In the process of occupying, monitoring the frequency of heartbreaks and breathing, skin color and common state patient.

Children who have suffered a rheumatic attack (sick rheumatism), are transferred from the hospital for fill in a cardiological sanatorium. Then every 3 months of the student examines the cardiorevmatologist, the blood test is carried out, the ECG and others are removed. For the prevention of exacerbations is sanitized purph cavity, Foci of chronic infection (Glands, etc.), spend seasonal biotillinoprophylaxis. Twice a year of schoolchildren should be examined by a dentist and a otolaryngologist.

Extract to the school is possible if the child is normal, leukocytes and no negative dynamics on the electrocardiogram.

Children, patients with rheumatism in the inactive phase, in the first year of observation are engaged in physical education in a special medical group. If there are no signs of forming a heart defect, then in the second year you can allow them to do in the preparatory group. With the dispensary of the child, they are removed if he has no exacerbation of the rheumatic process for 5 years and has not formed a heart disease.

Observation of children with hypertensive reactions and hypertensive disease

Increased arterial pressure is often observed in school children. The main task of a pediatrician is to find out the reason for the increase in blood pressure. Here are consulted with an endocrineologist, a otolaryngologist, a urologist and other specialists, anamnesis of such diseases from parents. Children with elevated blood pressure almost never impose complaints, although they have a dream, they often hurt their head, they are irritable, quickly tire. Usually the disease is detected with mass examinations of schoolchildren.

Often, hell rises from schoolchildren with violations of sexual and physical development. For them, it is necessary to organize the right mode with sufficient sleep and stay in air, physical education, especially ski or bicycle rugs, games on the street, in the park, etc. It is excluded to participate in competitions before bringing hell to normal. Hardery procedures are useful. Sick children should limit the reception of oily and salty foods.

Surveillance children with reduced arterial pressure

Children often noted reduced arterial pressure (cardiopsychoneurosis). But it is not always a pathology. Hypotension is typical for modern schoolchildren - with great mental loads, hypodynamines, etc., hypotension is characterized by fast fatigue, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, bad appetite, often pain in the heart, etc. The causes of hypotension are chronic infections (diseases of the LOR-organs, etc.), negative emotions, small motor activity, etc.

Respiratory diseases

Classes must be carried out by the group method in the fresh air. The lesson includes walking, dosage running in combination with walking and breathing exercises, ski rides, skating, games, relay, etc. In cold and windy weather should not be conducted on the street, especially the suffering bronchial asthma. When conducting classes in the hall, it is necessary to develop proper rhythmic breathing, as well as breathing with an emphasis on exhalation (especially patients with bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis, etc.).

Observation of children with allergic diseases

In case allergic diseases It is necessary to find out the provoking factors and write on the map, which drugs arise allergic reactionswhich foods should be excluded from the diet. Be sure to make an analysis of the eggs of worms and the simplest.

With any allergy from the diet, smoked, chocolate, cocoa, canned food. Vegetarian soups, boiled meat and fish, vegetables, fruits, salads with vegetable oil, dairy productsVitaminization.

All the foci of infection should be signed.

In respiratory allergies and bronchial asthma Outside the attack, hardening procedures are conducted, physical education classes (walking in combination with running, ski rides, cycling, etc.), therapeutic physical education.

With neurodim and eczema, a diet is also shown, fighting foci of infection, constipation. It is important to remove itching and provide normal Son.. Preventive vaccinations are contraindicated with these children. They need hardening procedures (wiping, pouring, baths, swimming in the sea, etc.), LFC, in summer - spa treatment (solar and air baths, playing on the seashore, walking and running, etc.). For night, itchy places are treated with ice pack (cryoissage 2-3 minutes).

Chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis meets from schoolchildren very often. For the prevention and treatment of the disease, washing the lacuna, rinse the throat of grasses from herbs, general UV irradiation, as well as UV irradiation of stop and throat, vitaminization (especially in autumn and spring vitamin C). We systematically conduct hardening procedures, physical education, in the morning - charging followed by wiping cold water, at night - washing feet with cold water.

Obesity

For an alimentary type of obesity - Inclusion of cyclic exercises (long-term cross-country walking, running in combination with walking, walking on skis, rowing), games, relay, exercises on simulators, swimming and playing water, tanty gymnastics (Fig. 158) and diet. In addition, 1-2 times a week - a bath (sauna), followed by a warm bath or soul.

Fig. 158.Exemplary complex LG in obesity from schoolchildren

Functional disorders of posture and scoliosis

In classes include exercises at the gymnastic wall, with stuffed balls, with a gymnastic stick, with rubber shock absorbers, stretching exercises; Classes on simulators - for the development of a muscular corset (in its original position lying on the back, lying on the back with a slight lift of the pelvis to eliminate the compression on the spine; after classes - stretching on the gymnastic wall), as well as swimming in the breeding method (inclusion of swimming in flops, With blades, rubber circles on the legs, etc.). LG is carried out in the initial position lying, on all fours and sitting, you should avoid load on the spine, especially performing exercises with dumbbells in the standing position, jumping and swelling. The duration of classes and their intensity depend on the nature of the change in posture, age, gender and progression of the disease.

The task is to the means physical culture Suspend the progression of the disease, and with functional disorders of posture - to normalize it.

Medicinal swimming in violation of posture and scoliosis in children

The usual position of the body of the standing person is called posture. Normal posture involves the harmonic structure of the body, the symmetry of its individual parts, which is an important biomechanical condition for the strong physiological support of each spine segment for the overlying department.

In accordance with the state of health, physical development, the level of physical fitness, all schoolchildren are distributed (on the basis of an in-depth medical examination) into three medical groups: the main (non-renovation in the health state), preparatory and special.

The preparatory group is formed from students who have minor deviations in the physical development and health status (without significant functional disorders), as well as insufficient physical fitness.

The main tasks of practicing exercise with students of this group are to strengthen their health, improving physical development and physical fitness and translation into the main group.

When studying and performing various motor actions related to elevated loads, students' requirements are reduced. The material of the curriculum takes place with relief of complexity, reduction of the duration of exercises and the number of their repetitions. Exercises associated with large muscle stresses are excluded. Loading in running, jumps, in exercises with burdens, with overcoming obstacles, in relay.

Motor tasks to schoolchildren of this group can be both group and individual.

IN special group Include students who have such deviations in the state of health, which are contraindicated to increased physical exertion. The inclusion of students in a special medical group can be both temporary and constant character (depending on the type of disease and other abnormalities in the state of health).

The main tasks of physical education of students attributed for health to a special medical group are:

health promotion, promoting the proper physical development and hardening of the body;

improving the functional level of organs and systems, weakened by the disease;

improving physical and mental performance;

improving the immunological reactivity and the resistance of the body as means of combating allergization, provoked by colds and the presence of chronic infection foci;

the formation of the correct posture, and if necessary, its correction;

learning rational breathing;

mastering the main motor skills and skills;

upbringing moral and volitional qualities;

education of interest in independent physical education classes and the introduction of them in the mode of students' day;

creating prerequisites required for future labor activity Pupils.

To solve these tasks, classes are organized by therapeutic physical culture (LFC). A specific program of classes is drawn up by a physical culture teacher together with the attending physician.

Depending on the nature of the diseases of students attributed to a special medical group, it is recommended to divide on subgroups: with heart diseases, upper respiratory tract and the lungs, with anomalies of eye refraction, with obesity, with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The main form of physical education of students with disabilities in a state of health is a lesson that is built according to the standard scheme: preparatory, basic and final parts. However, from ordinary physical culture lessons, he has its own principal features. In contrast to the usual lesson, the duration of the preparatory and final parts increases. In the preparatory part (up to 20 minutes), general array exercises are performed (in slow and middle pace), alternating with respiratory. The load increases gradually; Exercises are used that ensure the preparation of all organs and systems to perform the main part of the lesson. Selection of exercises in the main part of the lesson (20--22 min) provides for a solution of a number of tasks: mastering the simplest engine skills, development (within the possibilities of engaged in) basic physical qualities. Gymnastic exercises are most widely used, allowing you to dose physical exertion, selectively influence separate organs and systems, muscle groups and joints. Elements of mobile and sports games, athletics and ski preparation are also used. Acrobatic exercises and exercises associated with outling, long-term static stresses are completely excluded. In the final part of the lesson (3--5 min), simple exercises for relaxation are performed, walking at a slow pace, breathing exercises.

Motor modes for children with weakened health are recommended for CSS 120--130 UD / min, with a gradual increase in the intensity of physical exertion in the main part of the lesson and the pulse rate of up to 140--150 ° C. / min.

Motor modes at heart rate 130--150 UD / min are optimal for a cardioresis system in aerobic breathing conditions and give a good training effect.

A physical culture teacher controls the load on the pulsa, breathing and external signs of fatigue of children.

In addition to lessons, other forms of physical education of students with disabilities are used in a state of health: Morning hygienic gymnastics; gymnastics to lessons, physical investigators during general education lessons; Physical pauses during homework; Movable games of small intensity on change, various sports entertainment in the fresh air in the summer and winter season, etc.

Prevention and correction of the main

deviations in health

schoolchildren

1. Introduction 3.

2. The use of the method of therapeutic physical culture

with deformations of the musculoskeletal system in children

suffering from cardiovascular and

Respiratory systems 4.

3. Objectives and objectives of corrective gymnastics 9

4. Structure of the lesson corrective gymnastics 10

5. Bibliographic list 12.

Introduction

In the world's world, the motor activity of a person is the most difficult and multifaceted. A person can perform an infinite set of movements. However, all this variety of forms of movements becomes affordable not immediately after birth. But it is B. childhood Motor skills develop most intensively, since during this period the entire musculoskeletal system is forming, becoming a gait and manners to keep their body.

The basis of the entire motor activity of a person is a muscular-binder device (after all, for execution, it would seem, such a simple movement, as a step when walking, it is necessary that about 300 different muscles turn into operation in a strictly defined sequence).

Weak, not harmonious development muscular system Significantly delays the development of the motor abilities of the child. Low motor activity leads to a violation of the main exchange in the body and the rapid extension of overweight, as a result of which, along with other pathologies, various disorders of the musculoskeletal system appear.

Effective control over the formation of the musculoskeletal apparatus of children and adolescents can be carried out only with the close friendship of school doctors, teachers and parents of students.

At the same time, it is necessary that the teachers and parents of schoolchildren have a certain amount of knowledge and practical skills. And first of all, they had a clear and competent idea of \u200b\u200bthe correct posture, its violations, the "normal" stop and stages of flatopy.

They need to be aware of the reasons causing certain violations and be able to use modern means of prevention and correction of detected deviations in practice.

Using the methodology of therapeutic physical education

One of the important components of the child's health is his posture. Under the right posture, it is customary to understand the familiar pose of a relatively standing child, which without active tension of the muscles can keep his body in such a position that the physiological curvatures of the spine (in the cervical, lumbar, breast departments) are a uniform wave-like line, head and torso almost do not deviate from Vertical, the chest slightly stands forward, the stomach is tightened, the legs are straight. The standard of proper posture is considered to be the position of the body, in which his head holds straight, the shoulders are deployed, and the blades fit to the chest, the stomach is pulled up, the spine is moderately straightened.

You can check the posture you can put your back to the wall without a plinth. Purple. Between the lower back should be palm. This will be the right posture that needs to be kept during the day. Another test. Standing at the wall and clinging to her, sway with a straight back, without losing touch with a wall of the head and torso.

The skill of the right posture is a conditional motor reflex and, as well as other skills, is formed in the development process must resemble children, as it should be properly sitting, standing, walking.

Most often, the violation of the posture occurs in childhood. Over time, the habit of incorrectly hold your body is rooted and, if measures are not taken, can lead to pathological changes in the bones of the skeleton and internal organs. The emergence and development of posture disorders contribute to the inertial regime of life and nutrition, various diseases, weak vision, incorrect postures, often taken by the child about the working and rest:

The absence of proper posture skills leads to an increase in natural, to the formation of "walled blades", the asymmetry of the shoulder belt, flattening chest etc. Arriving in preschool age, posture disorders typically progress during school training, increasingly fromI k XI Class. Therefore, the smaller (younger) schoolboy, the easier it is to correct his posture.

The emergence of deviations in the posture in preschool age is due to the fact that 5-6-year-old children of the back muscles, holding the vertebral pole in the correct position, are still not developed enough and therefore a long-lasting non-correct posture leads to the appearance of first posture disorders, and then to The curvature of the spinal column. In the period of 9 to 14 years old, power and elasticity increase, and by 17-18 their final formation occurs.

Large joints in children reaches the level of adults only by 14-16 years. The greatest increase in the parameters of the chest occurs in girls in 11-12 years, the boys - at 13-14 years old.

The most important value in the statics of the body has a vertebrate pole. In its development, periods of reinforced (from 7 to 9-10 and from 16 to 20-25 years) and slow (from 3 to 6-7 and from 10 to 15-16 years) are highlighted. Such frequency is explained by the upcomingness of the development of the vertebrae of the chest and lumbar departments.

The bends of the spine are also impenetrately formed. The cervical appears when the child begins to raise his head, breast - when it starts to sit, the lumbar when it becomes on his feet. The final consolidation of them takes place by 20-25, when the growth and infinition of the entire spinal column ends. The vertex pillar performs a reference protective and hematopoietual function. These features, as well as the complexity of the structure of the vertebral post, determine its greater vulnerability in children's and adolescence. The critical age periods for the occurrence of posture violations in girls are 8 and 12 years old, and boys are 7 and 12 years old.

Bad posture often accompanies flatfoot, in which the support function of the legs is dramatically disturbed, the position of the pelvis and the spine changes. With long walking, standing, run jumps appear back pain and legs. All this affects the posture, the general physical condition.

Flatfoot is the deformation of the foot, characterized by persistent flattening (up to the complete disappearance of traces).

Forming the foot and the adaptation of it to the static-locomotor function has occurred over many millennia.

The foot is a vaulted formation with two main arches: longitudinal (internal and outer side) and transverse.

Such a structure ensures the stopper of the spring function and is a compensatory device of the body, which serves to mitigate the concussions of the body when walking, running and jumping.

The stopper performs both the support function: having a support area of \u200b\u200bjust a few tens of square centimeters, it plays a large role in preserving the balance of the human body.

Under the action of long and excessive loads, the feet may occur - the most common form of its pathological change can occur. For the same reason, the curvature of the spinal column can occur. The side curvature of the spine form scoliosis and an excessive increase in the bends of the neck and lumbar from the lordose cases.

If you can cope with a violation of posture with simple physical exercises, then scoliosis requires special tactics. This disease is only externally similar to the slope, it is found in 2-4 percent of children.

Scoliosis is a fixed deformation of the spine, which does not disappear even when pressed on protruding areas of curvature. Even with the insignificance of such changes in the spine, the muscles of the back are affected, pain is felt and the doctor's help is required.

Because of this, both the increased fatigue accompanied by the weakness of the muscles, which, in turn, contributes to a new increase in deformations.

For timely detection of disorders in the state of the musculoskeletal system, it is necessary to regularly inspect the physique of children and adolescents.

Preliminary inspection is better carried out in the lessons of physical culture, at the time of the implementation of natural types of movement, when the guys are dressed in a fitness.

When carrying out the introductory part of the lesson, the teacher should pay attention to how students hold their body, standing in the ranks, when walking and running. Observations make it possible to note that some children hold their torso straightened, the head is raised, while walking gently, have expressive movements and an elastic gait. These children have a good posture; The muscular-ligament apparatus is usually well developed. Other heads and shoulders are omitted, the stomach is sucked, and the breasts are awesome, the blades are lagging behind the chest. The gait for such children is sluggish, ugly. They swing from side to side or closer.

The purpose of preventing the disorders of the posture in schools is recommended to examine children and adolescents at least once a year. When conducting a thorough inspection of the physique, it is possible to identify the existing disorders of the posture, the defects of the spine and foot. To do this, you need from a distance of no more than one meter to inspect the child in front, paying attention to the shoulders, which in the normal body development should be placed at one level. Then to inspect the back of the back (the spine line is best viewed when the child is tilted forward), carry out a finger on the masculous process of vertebrae. Normally, the vertebral line should not deviate from the line. It is also necessary to check the symmetry of the cervical lines, the upper and lower lines of the blades, the side lines of the back. When examining the child, attention appeals to profile lines of the body. The following violations may be discovered in the profile position: omitted head, fastened belly, flat chest, extinguishing (wonderful) blades, spin sutul.

There are three degrees of posture disorders: unstable and sustainable functional changes and fixed violations.

The status of the foot is detected by the print on the sheet of paper of the plantar surfaces (feet), pre-moistened with water, slightly tinted by manganese. Foots can be normal, hollow, flattered, flat.

Children, whose inspection, identified any deviations from the norm, are sent to the orthopedic doctor to establish an accurate diagnosis.

The main reason for the formation of primary signs of the disorders of the posture and the emergence of flatopyopy is the total muscular-ligament failure. Insufficient and non-harmonic development of the muscular system, significantly delays the formation of the skill properly hold their body. As a result, the habit is enshrined incorrectly, stand and walk, which significantly speeds up the appearance of unwanted signs and violations. In addition to the muscular weakness, other factors, including social and household, contribute to the emergence of various disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

From the conditions of family text and life in the complex of the reasons affecting the formation of the right posture and foot, you can distinguish such as the birth of the years barefoot, the correct selection of shoes, ensuring adolescents by means of contributing to physical development (skis, skates and others), mobile lifestyle, Maintaining normal body weight, rational work posture, presence in the apartment angle for games a child that meets the hygienic standards to view the TV shows and others.

The most important condition for normal physical development, children's health - food.

The food diet of the child should be diverse and include products containing calcium, iron, magnesium salts (meat, milk, butter, cereal, peas, beans). Every day, a schoolboy must receive fruits and vegetables in sufficient quantities, and if the doctor considers it necessary, then and multivitamins.

No less important to prevent posture disorders has the correct selection of furniture. Children should have a separate, long enough (height + 25 cm) and wide (2 times the width of the shoulders) bed with a smooth and hard mattress. Sleep on a rigid bed is one of the favorable conditions for the formation of the right posture.

Saving the correct posture when writing, reading and other activities also largely depends on the selection of furniture of the student of the student. The working corner of the child is recommended to have a brightened place of the room. The length of the chair's seat should correspond to the length of the child's hips, the height of the chair is the length of the legs, so that the feet relied on the floor. If the legs of the child do not get to the floor, you should substitute the bench. In a sitting position, the hip, knee and ankle joints should be corners close to straight. It is desirable that the back is slightly rejected. This will allow the child, slightly leaning back, relax the muscles of the back and give rest to the ligament apparatus of the spinal column.

The surface of the table (desks) must have a slope from front to 2-3° .

It is necessary to keep track of the schoolboy sitting directly during the preparation of lessons or other classes, I did not bother on the table and did not tilt a low head. The distance from the eyes to the table surface should be approximately 35 cm.

The workplace should be illuminated on the left. A large influence on the working posture has the duration of classes. Every 30-45 minutes of classes, breaks with an active form of rest are recommended. Daily walks, outdoor games, as well as regular exercise classes.

For the formation of posture and prevention of its violations, the correct selection of clothing and shoes is important. Shoes strictly must match the size and completeness of the leg, have an elastic sole, not very narrow sock and low heel. It must be borne in mind that the selection of shoes in accordance with the STOP architecture is an important process: it is impossible to acquire shoes with the prospect that it is distributed over time.

Close clothes make it difficult to breathe, digestion, blood circulation, and in the younger age can even change the shape of the body. For example, tightening the abdomen of tight rubber bands, belts not only leads to a change internal organs, but also violates the tone and coordination of the muscles of the supporting spine, which in turn can affect the posture.

The clothes should be comfortable and hygienic, provide air exchange between the body and clothing surface, absorb skin selection.

The fight against already emerged defects of the musculoskeletal system can be successful only under the condition of timely and integrated special effects. It is necessary to create a system of measures, in the implementation of which school doctors, teachers and parents of students should take part. This system should include a daily morning hygienic gymnastics that the child does under the supervision of parents; physical culture lessons and finally corrective gymnastics, which is carried out in specially equipped cabinets (halls) under the guidance of specialists in medical physical culture. Selection of exercise in order to compile special complexes For the formation of posture is carried out taking into account the individual characteristics of students, the state of their health, physical development, age. Exercises included in the complex must be accessible to each involved, have a certain direction of exposure, to be strictly dosed and executed from various source positions (standing, sitting and lying).

Complexes include general arraying exercises without objects, aimed at strengthening muscles of the back, abdomen, shoulder belt, lower extremities, and corrective exercises with objects (gymnastic sticks, balls, bags, rope, etc.).

Exercises are included for equilibrium development at a low support, as well as walking with various items on the head. These exercises should occupy a special place when forming the skill of correct posture.

Very useful for general physical development (as well as for the formation of Sanki) mobile games and sports entertainment outdoors. Staying outdoors during the insolation period at any time of the year contributes to the rationing of phosphoric calculating exchange, affecting the functional state of the muscles. In the system of physical education of children and adolescents, in addition to hardening with air, various water procedures (wiping, dialing, souls, swimming and other) must be widely applied, which have a beneficial effect on the body.

Goals and objectives corrective gymnastics

The main purpose of the lesson of the corrective gymnastics is a wellness. It should not be forgotten that corrective classes are educational.

From the point of view of the prevention of optimal, it would be complete individualization, but taking into account that the lesson of corrective gymnastics would then be an exceptionally hygienic and rehabilitation event, and the child would refuse the unnatural public situation, it is correct to carry out classes in small groups like the nature of the violation, age and semi disciples. In the selection of groups and in the process of conducting a corrective lesson, it should be taken into account, along with the nature of the violation: the state of the circulatory system, nervous system and receptors, the state of the motor apparatus, taking into account the nature of the movement in the joints. Conducting a correction lesson, it should be paid attention not only to the defects of posture and biological parameters, but also take into account the psychic experiences of the child.

The error is to conduct a corrective lesson in small rooms, where there is no freedom of action. Corrigative classes should be interesting and attractive, only then the child will be in them willingly participate. It is impractical to carry out the lessons of corrective gymnastics in isolated positions, with overload, focus on repeated repetitions of exercises. This method of holding classes is beaten by a child's desire and badly affects his physical condition.

In corrective classes, you can use many methods and forms used in school in physical education. Most classes are carried out according to the principle of the general physical education lesson, but with a special selection of exercises, taking into account a certain defect and are excluded those that deepen the defect. But more corrective exercises are introduced, for example, with scoliosis, exercises for short muscles of the spine are dominated, special attention also appeals to develop the reflex of the correct posture. Athletics, sports games, moving games, gymnastics, swimming are offered.

For four years, we were engaged in a large sports hall and an athletic gymnastics hall. In this regard, new forms of classes were experimentally introduced. Significant observations of orthopedic and physiological parameters showed the effectiveness of corrective classes on the principle of generally developing physical education lessons. Many parents are requested to enroll children in such groups.

Structure of the lesson corrective gymnastics

The most acceptable seems to break the lesson for four parts: the introductory, preparatory, main and final.

Opening part: Exercises that corrected posture in front of the mirror, marching, jogging, short moving games.

Preparatory: A complex of exercises prepare the body to increased effort, slow movements of the hands and legs, anti-gravitational exercises for the body, exercise to coordinate movements, for the development of agility, strength. The entire body should be included, especially the bone-articular system. This can be achieved by stretching exercises, equilibrium using viscos, running, throws.

Main part: The voltage of effort should reach a maximum and remain at the same level for 4-5 minutes. Peak effort should not be delayed, because the respiratory system and blood circulation in children with posture defects are weakened.

Depending on the sports discipline (sport), you can use throws, running, exercises on projectiles. The task of this part of the lesson is to test the coordination of movements, mastering the technique of movement, as well as the advent of the reflex of the correct posture, which is especially important for the correction.

Final part: Exercises, adjusting posture, soothing, relaxing.

The lesson should be held in such a way that exercises that require great efforts alternate with simple and relaxing. Rising physical endurance, special attention should be paid to the correct dosage of efforts. In children with spine flaws, the respiratory system is weakened, and when scoliosis is also a blood circulation system, which is also manifested in the so-called " light Heart"Skoliotic. The loads should be regulated in such a way as to prevent the body overloads, in case of signs of fatigue, the rate of lesson slow down to avoid negative impact on the body.

The program of corrective exercises should include:

The main leveling exercises are the corrective posture: the exercises for the reflex of the correct posture, which includes exercises to the correctness of the rack, seats, walk, on the correctness of the pelvis, which are indispensable when the posture defects are corrected. For the benefit, it is achieved by the muscles of the abdomen, buttocks, backs.

Forming exercises that affect all elements of the motor system and make up a motor alphabet; They must relate to the correction of this violation and are used to eliminate or reducing the corresponding muscle groups.

Applied exercises that should be based on real synthetic movements, produce agility and determination.

Considerable attention should be paid to equilibrium exercises and coordination, because they are fundamentally affected by the nervous system, the exercises can be carried out on projectiles.

Maximum degree should involve the system of self-regulation. This is achieved by applying games with running or short runs, which are a good breathing exercise and heart activities.

Bibliographic list

1. Physical education of children and learning with disabilities in health. 2000, Homts"School book" 2000.

2. Prevention and correction of basic deviations in state of health. . Teacher's desk book. FIS, 1998.

3. Healing Fitness. Textbook for universities. , 1999

4. Organization and management of physical education, mass physical cultural and sports work in educational institutions. . - M."Higher School" 1986

5. Physical education and sports in schools of foreign countries. Tsoonti - FIS Moscow 1990

6. Publications on the content of classes in the journal "Physical Culture at School" and the Sports School newspaper for 19g.

Students of colleges, universities, universities, depending on the physical development, the state of health and functional training are divided into 3 groups: the main, preparatory and special. Students who have deviations in a state of health are usually chronic diseases or damage to the musculoskeletal system, are engaged in special medical groups.

The recruitment of groups is carried out by the doctor. The main criterion for inclusion in a special medical group is one or another disease, the level of physical fitness, the foci of chronic infection. Groups are formed on nosology (morbidity). Thus, students with diseases of cardiorespiratory, digestive, endocrine systems make up one group; Students with injuries (diseases) Odi, peripheral nervous system - another; having deviations from hearing or vision - the third; Having deviations from the CNS (neurosis, etc.) - the fourth.

Students in such groups are usually characterized by a weak physical development and low functional state. They, as a rule, were liberated from physical education lessons at school. Students are poorly organized, they cannot fulfill many physical exercises, games, do not know how to swim, etc. And if in schools where they studied, there were no lessons in a special medical group, then their physical and functional state is completely unenviable. They often arise coldsAnd in the autumn-winter period there are exacerbation.

The following tasks are facing the heads of special medical groups of students: improving the functional state and prevention of disease progression; an increase in physical and mental performance, adaptation to external factors; removal of fatigue and increase adaptation capabilities; Education of hardening needs, improving physical education.

Medical contraindications to physical exertion (physical education classes) are absolute and relative.

Absolute contraindications:insufficiency of blood circulation II-III degree; acute myocardial infarction; active phase of rheumatism, myocarditis; Road angina; embolism pulmonary artery; transmural infarction; aortic aneurysm; acute infection; thrombophlebitis and heart failure; Tahcardia rest, extrasystolia and other violations of rhythm; Stenosis of aortic and renal artery; Myopia (myopia) more than 7 diopters.

Relative contraindications:supportment of heart rhythm disorders; Myopia (myopia) more -5; Systemic or pulmonary hypertension; moderately pronounced aortic stenosis; uncontrollable metabolic diseases (diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, mixedma, etc.); pronounced stenosis of the trilateent valve of the heart; pregnant toxicosis; Hypertension II-III degree, degree retinopathy; heart defects with severe cyanosis; pronounced anemia; significantly pronounced obesity (III degree) flowing with shortness of breath; renal and liver failure; Odi diseases that limit the motor activity; Blood diseases (eritrement, lymphogranulomatosis, etc.).

Physical education lessons in special medical groups are carried out under the following diseases: blood circulation organs; joint diseases; diseases of the respiratory organs; diseases of digestive organs; Kidney disease I. urinary tract; endocrine and metabolic diseases; female diseases; nervous and mental illness; Surgical diseases; traumatology and orthopedics; eye diseases and LOR organs; Skin diseases.

The rehabilitation system includes physical education lessons, preferably in the fresh air, exercises of the exercise, terns, skiing, bike ride, etc. Preferably cyclic sports, especially in diseases of the heart, lung, obesity, etc.

Preparation should be able to be versatile, including overall, respiratory, relaxing exercises, air games, etc., and with diseases of cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine systems - walking exercises, running (combined walking with running), ski rides, skating and others.

When conducting classes with students who have changes (diseases) of the musculoskeletal system, preventive measures are important, aimed primarily at giving the student to the proper posture and to normalize the functions of the sample, the prevention of contractures. Excessive loads should not be allowed (especially in the standing position, lifting weights, performing exercises on simulators, etc.). Exercises with dumbbells, balls and on simulators should be performed only in sparingly for the spine mode, lying and with the inclusion at the end of exercise exercises and relaxation.

Classes in special medical groups are held under the physical education program for higher educational institutions. It has a section "Educational material for a special compartment", which indicates the tasks of physical education of students of special medical groups, physical education tools and exemplary credentials.

The program of special medical groups limits the exercises for speed, strength, endurance. Depending on the disease, cyclic sports are included (skiing, running in combination with walking, swimming, skating, cycling, etc.), breathing exercises and relaxation exercises for diseases of the cardiorespiratory system, and when the posture violations (scoliosis) Exercises are included on the strengthening of the abdominal muscles and the body (that is, the creation of a muscular corset), the production of proper posture. Exercises with dumbbells, gravity in the standing position are excluded.

An integral part of physical education is medical control, which is held in accordance with the "Regulations on medical control over the physical education of the population" (approved by the Order of the USSR Ministry of Health No. 986 of 1977). First of all, these are annual in-depth medical examinations (UMOs) of students. The medical commission includes doctors of different specialties: therapist, traumatologist-surgeon, oculist, neuropathologist, gynecologist, otolaryngologist and other specialists. Anthropometric and morphological studies (surveys of all students), fluorography (or radiography of lungs and hearts), electrocardiography (ECG), clinical analysis of blood, urine and testing. In addition, prophylactic examinations of all courses are held annually (quarterly or semesters).

There are many forms of physical culture that are used to normalize the functional state and posture of students, as well as for the prevention of diseases.

Morning hygienic gymnastics (UGH) is one of the means of physical culture. It develops the strength, flexibility, coordination of movements, improves the activities of internal organs, causes an increase in emotions, especially if the exercises are performed under the music. Ugg is best done in the morning in combination with hardening, but not very early, especially patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Movable and sports games are good to a tool physical development, normalization of psycho-emotional state, improving the coordination of movements. Including games in the lesson of physical education, it is possible to significantly increase the loads at the expense of an emotional factor, and if they are carried out on the banks of the river, lakes, the sea, then effectiveness increases by hardware and emotional factors.

Walking and run are of great importance in the normalization of metabolic processes, the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system.

Walking as a physical exercise is a valuable tool for improving the activities of the Central CNS, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. If it is regularly performed on rough terrain (along the seac, rivers, lakes, in the park, etc.), then there is a training effect and prevention (preventive effect) of diseases. Positive emotions at the same time have a positive effect on the CNS of the patient. While walking, the breathing should be rhythm, deep, should not be detained breathing and talk during walking. It is necessary to breathe through the nose, especially in winter. Walking should be long (before the appearance of Spains on the forehead), but not tedious.

Running - physical exercise with a large load. It develops endurance, especially useful for the prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system, obesity, etc. It is better to combine it with walking and breathing exercises. Walking and run can be spent during the day or evening, and during the lesson - in the main and final parts.

Applying walking, run and their alternation will give an effect only if classes are 3-4 times a week (35-45 minutes) and with daily independent activities (UGG, walks, dosage walking, skiing, riding Bicycle, skating, etc.). The percentage of walking and running in the first 2-3 weeks of classes - 3: 1. Gradually, as it adapts to physical exertion, the walking time in the training cycle is reduced and the run time increases. Then the walking and breathing exercises are included. And only then gradually increases the pace and rhythm of the run at the frequency of heart rate not more than 130-145 UD / min. The combination of walking and running gives a training and prophylactic effect for patients with cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the lungs, an endocrine system.

Cycling helps to increase metabolism, training of a cardiorespiratory system and other cycling, respiratory systems and metabolic disorders, as well as with the consequences of the injuries of the foot joints (for the development of turbidity and muscle training). In winter, cycling rugs are replaced with exercises on exercise bikes.

Skating riding is recommended for many diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, metabolism, neurosis, etc., to normalize metabolic processes, improvement of the functional state and training of the cardiovascular system. In addition, open air riding has a hardware effect. It should be breathing through the nose, clothing must match the weather, do not shy movements.

Swimming is an excellent training and hardening agent. If swimming is combined with walks (air, sunbathing), games, then the wellness effect increases even more. Swimming enhances the activity of the cardioresis system and the metabolism, and during injuries and diseases of the spine leads to a decrease (disappearance) of pain and improving mobility in the joints. Caution should be exercised in diseases of the heart, lungs, ENT organs, especially in the autumn-winter period due to the danger of hypothermia and exacerbation or cold occurrence.

It is especially important to combine physical exertion with hardening for students who have deviations in a state of health, as such classes increase the overall training of the body, contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes, functional state, and also lead to increased hardening and prevent colds.

Always affects students of special medical groups hypodynamine (low-liament). It slows down the recovery process, reduces adaptive capabilities, worsens metabolic processes. Only systematic (3-5 times a week for 35-45 min) physical education classes can serve as a factor in prophylactic, normalize the functional state of the patient, contribute to his recovery or cause long-term remission.

During muscular work, blood circulation increases and the tissue metabolism is improved. Studies show that at rest from 25% to 40% of blood is in the so-called depot (liver, spleen, leather, etc.), about 50% of the capillaries do not function, ventilation in the alveoli. When performing physical exercises, part of the blood from the depot enters the total flow and takes part in the metabolism. If we consider that 44% of the body weight is muscle tissue, then you can estimate the role of muscle work in the normalization of blood circulation and metabolism.

The body's reaction to physical exertion is different. It matters health, age, gender, time of year (biorhythms), etc., but in all cases of reasonable use, physical culture has a positive effect on the body.

Optimal physical exercises (training) contribute to the normalization of functional state, sleep, metabolic processes, etc.

The ability to perceive physical exertion among students of special medical groups is different.

The physical education teacher should be remembered that patients with adaptability (adaptation) and exercise of physical exertion are reduced. And if physical exertion will not be adequate to human capabilities, serious complications may arise, physical education instead of benefit will cause harm. It should not be included in the classes of complex movements for coordination, exercises with outrunning, lifting weights and others that the student is difficult to master and fulfill due to reduced physical performance and health status.

Regular (systematic) physical exertion contribute to the normalization of motor (motor) processes, especially with diseases of cardiorespiratory, endocrine and other systems, help restore lost (reduced) body functions.

Depending on the functional state, the training and flow of the skin disease, at first there must be low intensity, then the average. Monitoring the reaction of the cardiovascular system is carried out on the pulse, the frequency of breathing, well-being, the color of the skin, sweating, etc.

The basis of the training process in the diseases of the cardioresis system are cyclic exercises, in injuries and diseases of Oda - swimming, classes on simulators, exercises with gymnastic stick, balls, in the gymnastic wall, hydroenezotherapy, etc.

The occupation consists of three parts: introductory, primary and final. Their content and duration depend on the nature of the disease, its flow and frequency of exacerbations, as well as a functional state. In the introductory part - generalizing exercises, walking, running, breathing exercises; In the main exercise, specific for this pathology, rolling games, elements of sports games; Final part - breathing exercises, walking, relaxation exercises, the development of proper posture, etc.

The physiological lesson curve should be a line climbing in the main part of the lesson (wave-like) and noticeably declining by the end of the lesson. A slight rise, almost horizontal line in the main part of the lesson indicates insufficient load, etc.

Classes are held on schedule, according to the program for university special medical groups, 2 times a week of 90 minutes. However, from a physiological point of view, it is better to conduct 3-5 lessons per week for 35-45 minutes.

Classes in a special medical group It is advisable to spend on the outdoors - in the park, square, forest, on the shore of the lake, when two factors act at the same time: the training and challenging. It is very important that clothes fit the weather and load taking into account the nature of the disease, frequency of exacerbations, etc.

This is especially important when conducting skiing, skating. Students need to be easily reminded of correct (nasal) breathing.

The physical education teacher must have a special training, knowledge of the foundations of pathology and the influence of physical exertion on the sick organism. He is obliged to follow the instructions of the doctor who has diagnosed, and the recommended means of physical culture, dosage, frequency and duration of occupations, as well as take into account contraindications to the use of certain physical education and challenge procedures. The duty of the teacher is to constantly monitor control (pulse, respiratory frequency, exterior signs fatigue, etc.) portability of loads involved. Dresses in the dosing loads occur when groups of students are heterogeneous by the nature of the disease. Therefore, individual or small group classes should be carried out.

The determination of the motor (motor) of the physical education lesson is carried out by the timing method. In the stopwatch, segments of time spent by a student directly on physical exercise are recorded. The ratio of the sum of these segments to the duration of the entire lesson, expressed as a percentage, characterizes the motor density of classes. For example, if in 45 minutes of classes for exercise exercises spent 35 minutes, the motor density will be (35'100): 45 \u003d 77.7%. The rest of the time was spent on the show of exercises, explanations, rest, etc. Motor density lessons more than 60% is considered sufficient.

Checking the load values \u200b\u200band adaptability of the body to one or another exercises are carried out by counting the pulse in the process of occupying and building a physiological lesson curve. For this, the pulse is calculated for 15 seconds before the start of classes, at the beginning of the classes and at the end of each of its part (introductory, main, final). Based on the data obtained, the physiological lesson curve. At the same time, horizontally noted the duration of each part of the lesson, vertically - the reaction of the cardiovascular system for physical exertion.

When conducting classes with students, constant medical control is important. Students must keep a self-monitoring diary, and the teachrouse in the pulsa, the frequency of respiration and subjective indicators to control their well-being and tolerance of physical exertion (Table 9, 10, 11).