Even 20 years ago, diabetes mellitus was a very rare disease. There were no more than 30 million diabetics around the globe. But today this disease has been diagnosed in 415 million inhabitants of the Earth. And, according to the doctors' forecast, over the next 20 years this number will increase by another 1.5 times. This means that people need to know about this problem, and those who are already sick need to know how to calculate the dose of insulin.

When the process of metabolism of carbohydrates and water is disrupted in the body, the pancreas begins to suffer from this. It is in it that insulin, a person's own hormone, is produced. He does the sugar refining job. If it is not enough, then sugar in abundance remains in the blood, then it is excreted along with the urine. And there is a lot of urine. Another characteristic feature of diabetes is poor water retention by body tissues. This moisture is called defective.

Insulin helps deliver glucose molecules to the cells of the body in the right amount. If the pancreas does not produce it in the required amount, then the sugar remains in the bloodstream, and the cells will receive less of it. Excess blood sugar is the main symptom of diabetes. This disease can be inherited or acquired independently. There are other symptoms that may indicate this disease:

• Dryness in the mouth is felt all the time.
• Constantly thirsty, but water does not quench thirst. People with a lack of insulin drink much more water than they should. daily dose.
• Much more urine comes out of a person. And this applies to both a single serving and daily.
• There is a jump in weight in one direction or another. The scales can show either much more or much less.
• The skin constantly itches and becomes dry, as if dehydrated. In addition, pustular formations often appear on them, which are difficult to heal.
• Weakness is felt in the muscles. Sweating increases significantly.
• Any wound remains open for a very long time, as healing is delayed.

The presence of these symptoms should be a wake-up call and a reason for contacting a specialist. First of all, a blood sugar test will be prescribed. Over time, the disease progresses and leads to complications in all organs. These are serious skin lesions of a pustular nature and dental diseases, angina pectoris and atherosclerosis, diseases nervous system and kidney, hypertension and sharp deterioration vision. If the disease is not diagnosed in time and adequate treatment is not provided, complications from diabetes can threaten the patient's life.

Diabetes mellitus treatment

Treatment of diabetes mellitus to date has not progressed as far as it would be for complete cure... The best advances have been made in diet therapy. There are patients who manage to maintain normal analyzes just by observing the correct diet and supporting themselves with regular moderate physical activity. After a while, you can regain your health, but in no case should you allow breakdowns. Along with the return of the wrong way of life, the disease will return.

For some patients, fasting therapy helps. But this is a very dangerous path, one cannot walk along it either alone or together with an inexperienced doctor. Good specialists in this area are quite rare, and amateurs can lead to resuscitation and death.

More recently, a kind of artificial pancreas has appeared. These are special devices that are located inside the human body and constantly monitor the sugar level. In case of deviations from the norm, the required dose is thrown into the bloodstream. The method shows good results, but it is very difficult to select the right insulin preparation.

The main problem of medicine in this area is the inability to synthesize insulin the same as that produced in the body of a particular patient. Synthetic analogs are not yet universal for everyone. Insulin addicts can only wait and hope that medical developments will finally solve this problem.

The classic treatment for a diabetic is self-control and adherence to precise doctor's instructions throughout life. In this case, most often it is possible to avoid complications and a severe course of the disease. In every way they try to reduce the amount of glucose in the blood and normalize metabolic processes in the body.

Principles of the classical treatment of diabetes mellitus

There is a standard treatment regimen for most patients. First of all, the patient must follow a diet. Each diabetic is taught in special classes how to correctly calculate the calorie content of dishes. This process takes into account carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The selection of the insulin dose will be easier if the food containing the carbohydrate load is taken at the same time. Following the meal, a dose of insulin is sent, which adjusts the blood glucose. In the event that the treatment dispenses with an artificial hormone, the amount of calories consumed is limited and sugar in any form is prohibited.

Another prerequisite is eating small meals from 4-5 times a day. Moreover, one of essential conditions- carbohydrates should be distributed evenly every time the patient sits down at the table. Thanks to this measure, the glucose content in the blood can be kept at a constant level. To facilitate the task, you need to plan the menu in advance, and in stores pay attention to special shelves with products for diabetics. In a mild form of the disease, the correct diet is the only measure taken. And, of course, periodic monitoring of blood sugar.

And for those who are not so lucky and the disease has gone much further, doctors prescribe insulin therapy. Calculating the dose of insulin is a rather difficult task that cannot be done on your own, how to take it and what the doctor explains. The calculation of the dose and the introduction of insulin occurs gradually, while the glucose levels in both the blood and urine are constantly monitored. There are three types of hormone, they differ from each other by the time of action. Distinguish between long-acting, intermediate and short-acting. The first is prescribed to almost every patient, but it is supplemented with another one, in order to compensate for the disease.

Insulin dose calculation

Diabetes mellitus of both the first and second types dictates the need to calculate how much insulin a patient needs per day, and what combinations of drugs should provide it. The first type means that the pancreas does not produce its own hormone, and the second means that tissue cells lose sensitivity to this hormone. the main question of any diabetic is how to choose the right dose of insulin to eliminate the imperfections of his body.

Scientific developments and modern production make it possible to produce artificial insulin in quantities that meet the needs of all patients. Production techniques have been worked out and improved, new ones are constantly invented. If earlier the medicine was produced on the basis of the insulin that was produced by the pancreas of some animals, now this is a great rarity and, in fact, a relic of the past. Such drugs have been replaced by products of modern technologies.

Calculating your insulin dose will only be your overall responsibility with your doctor at first. Such dependence on the doctor would drastically reduce the patient's quality of life and tie him to medical institution... There is even a special school for diabetics, which is in many medical institutions. They teach everything necessary for a fulfilling life, and above all, correctly calculate the dose of insulin. It is important to stop the disease and in no case prevent an overdose.

General calculation rules

The calculation algorithm is not particularly difficult, especially for those who use it regularly. The most important rule from which to proceed initially is that you cannot inject yourself with more than one unit of hormone per kilogram of body weight. If this principle is violated, hypoglycemic coma will not slow down. However, this maximum dose insulin and not the recommended one. To regulate injections, you need to take into account some more points, but all calculations are based on the patient's weight: the insulin dose is multiplied by the number of kilograms.

• The early stages of type 1 diabetes will require an insulin dose of 0.5 units per kilogram.
• If the disease belongs to the first type and it was successfully compensated for the year, the selected doses are reduced to 0.6 units.
• Severe currents and large fluctuations in sugar mean that the number of kilograms must be multiplied by 0.7.
• Decompensated diabetes means a dose of 0.8 U / kg.
• Gestational diabetes - 1 unit / kg.

Such a simple calculator shows the general patterns that insulin dictates, its doses can be adjusted, and sometimes quite significantly. After all, this is only the beginning of the calculations.

Insulin dose per grain unit

Bread units are a universal concept, for Russia it is 10 g of carbohydrates. It helps you understand how much of the hormone you need to inject before meals based on what you are going to eat. Not the entire amount of food taken is taken into account, even if there are carbohydrates in it, but only individual foods. These are beets, carrots and potatoes; cereals; fruits with a sweet taste; actually sweets. Diabetics usually carry a special table with them that tells them the "cost" of food in XE. Although over time all sorts of benefits are not needed, everything is quickly remembered.

Each unit of bread you intend to eat must be preceded by 1 unit of insulin. And, of course, both the meal and the injection should follow the determination of sugar with a glucometer. This device for a diabetic becomes a tabletop, one might say, a faithful companion. Only with its help, the calculation of the daily dose of insulin will be correct. Indeed, with the help of another table, you can understand how many units of medicine you need to inject to reduce the excess amount of glucose shown by the glucometer.

General rules for insulin administration

How to choose the dose of insulin is not all the difficulties that the patient has to learn to overcome. The dosage of insulin must be injected into the body. This is most often done subcutaneously. The dose is set with a special insulin syringe. There are also special pen syringes designed for hypodermic injections. After setting the dose of the injection, the button is pressed or turned and the medicine enters the body.

Insulin, like any medicine, has its own instructions for use. How to take it, your doctor will definitely explain to you. Everything should take place under conditions of the strictest sterility and accuracy. The medicine is absorbed best if subcutaneous injection to do in the stomach. The shoulder and gluteus muscle are in second place, and the injection into the thigh is the worst absorbed, slowly and incompletely. Doctors advise choosing different injection sites. It is best if you give an injection in the stomach in the morning, at lunchtime it will be your shoulder, and in the evening it will be your thigh.

All manipulations, medications and their doses will help to work out and determine the doctor. Diabetes mellitus, no matter what type it belongs to, is a disease that is subject to constant monitoring by both the patient and his attending physician. Too heavy possible complications and their list is great. The worst of these can lead to death.

Hello dear friends. Who else does not know me, I want to introduce myself. My name is Dilyara Lebedeva, I am the author of this project.

After the article, many probably had a reasonable question: "How to calculate the dose of short-acting insulin?" This is what we are going to do with you now. For a very long time I did not dare to write this article, because the topic is very complex and voluminous, and I simply did not know from which side to approach it.

The problem that will be voiced in the article is close not only to people with type 1 diabetes, but also with type 2 diabetes receiving intensive insulin therapy. So, when you have already found the correct dose of prolonged insulin, you need to move on and start adjusting the dose for food or, as they say, bolus insulin.

We inject bolus insulin only when we want to eat something, moreover, food containing carbohydrates. As a rule, a person has three meals during the day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. We are not considering unplanned snacks just yet. In my article I told that there are 2 types of bolus insulin: simple human insulin(ACTRAPID, HUMULIN R, etc.) and analogs of human insulin (NOVORAPID, HUMALOG, APIDRA).

Children are more often prescribed analogues, and adults usually use human insulin more often. As I said in that article, these insulins differ in their duration of action and the need for a snack. I’ll tell me right away that I prefer analogs, since they do not require a snack and constant carrying food with me, although human insulin also has some positive qualities.

To begin with, I will tell you how to calculate the dose for a particular amount of food, provided that you know the exact amount of carbohydrates in grams or in XE. How to count XE, I wrote in the article. I tell you how to do it manually, but currently there are various programs that are installed on a computer or on a phone. Later someday I will definitely introduce you to them. Subscribe to updates so as not to miss.

In order to make it easy to change the dose of insulin depending on the amount of carbohydrates, a system of coefficients was invented. The coefficient is the dose of insulin that absorbs 1 XE or 10-12 g of carbohydrates. This factor for food can be multiplied by the amount of carbohydrates or XE that you are going to eat, and get a figure that means the amount of insulin required for a given meal.

As you can see, 1 XE contains 10-12 g of carbohydrates. But how much to take: 10, 11 or 12 g? On this score, I have such an opinion. Choose one number and always use only that number. It is convenient for us to take 10 g of carbohydrates for 1 XE. Thus, you need to know how much insulin is needed to metabolize 10 grams of carbohydrates. How to find out exactly this, I will tell you a little later.

Odds are not constant throughout the day, i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner may need different odds. As a rule, this figure is higher in the morning and then decreases in the evening. I think you guessed it, this is due to the different needs for insulin at different times of the day. This coefficient will be different for each person, because it depends on the residual secretion of insulin in the body and the individual characteristics of metabolism.

In the morning, more insulin is needed, since in the morning various counterinsular hormones begin to be produced: cortisol, TSH, growth hormone, which cause some insulin resistance. These processes are physiological, that is, they occur in a completely healthy person... It's just that the pancreas immediately reacts to the concentration of these hormones and increases the secretion of insulin. We need to do it ourselves.

Calculation of the dose of short-acting insulin

To find out the coefficient, that is, the dose of insulin that will completely cover 1 XE (10 g of carbohydrates), it is possible only experimentally. This is what we are going to do now. Let's start with the breakfast odds. You only need to do the following when you have correctly selected extended insulin. Imagine that you woke up with a glucose level of 4.0-6.5-8.0 mmol / L, in general, with any level, but it will be better if your morning sugar is low, because high sugars usually glucometers twist and the data is incorrect.

So, you woke up with a specific sugar level. For breakfast, you count how many carbohydrates you will eat by accurately measuring them on a scale. Remember that the calculation of the dose of insulin that I offer you can be done only if you know exactly how many grams of carbohydrates you have in your plate, measured not with spoons, glasses or pieces, but with scales.

To make it clear to you, I will explain to you with an example. Let's say we want to eat oatmeal without milk for breakfast. We take a certain amount of water, measure on the scales as much dry porridge as we want to eat, calculate how many carbohydrates there are in this amount of porridge. To do this, look at the packaging for the characteristics of the porridge. We are interested in carbohydrates, so we look at their amount in 100 g. For example, in 100 g of our porridge - 65 g of carbohydrates. But we are going to cook porridge from 40 g of cereal. Then the proportion is drawn up:

100 g of porridge - 65 g of carbohydrates

40 g of porridge - X G carbohydrates

It turns out that our 40 g of cereals contain 26 carbohydrates, and XE will contain 26/10 = 2.6 XE. Perhaps you will find this activity too boring and difficult to remember. But I assure you that this is only at the beginning. Later, you will use the numbers already used, that is, every day you will measure yourself 40 g of porridge and already know that this is 2.6 XE.

But I don't like working with non-circular numbers, so I think a little differently. I present to you the 2nd option, which I use myself. First, I will find out how much product (the same porridge) I need to take for 1 XE. To do this, I make up the following proportion:

100 g of porridge - 65 g of carbohydrates

XG porridge - 10 g of carbohydrates (1 XE)

It turns out that 1 XE is contained in 15.3 g of porridge, here you can round up to 15 g of porridge. As a result, I take 30 g of porridge every morning and I know that this is 2 XE, that is, I have the same breakfast every morning. I also measure out 30 g of bread and already know that it is 1.5 XE, and I cook porridge for 100 g of milk, equal to 0.5 XE. In total, it turns out that our entire breakfast is 4 XE. Plus, I also multiply by a factor (0.75), and a fixed amount of insulin is also obtained (3 units). And so every morning. Note that I don’t carry my calculator all morning when there’s no time anyway. I’m preparing a breakfast I’ve already spent using the amount of insulin I’ve spent.

This is how I count all products. I look at how many carbohydrates are in the product (on the package) and make a calculation (1000 / amount of carbohydrates). Now I can take any amount of XE.

Now further, when we know how many carbohydrates we ate, we write it down. Then we need to make so much insulin so that it compensates for this porridge correctly. What does “right” mean? That's right - this is so that after the active time of insulin action, the blood sugar would return to its original value. The active time of insulin action depends on the brand of insulin. For simple insulins (for example, Humulin R) it is 5-6 hours, and for ultrashort ones (Humalog) it is 4 hours.

An example from life. Initial morning blood sugar was 5.0 mmol / L. I inject 3 units of Humalog for 4 XE (as we calculated above), after 4 hours my blood sugar is 8.5 mmol / l. This means that the bolus dose of insulin is insufficient, because the blood sugar in the production of insulin is higher than the initial one. The next time I try to increase the dose of Humalog to 3.5 units for the same amount of XE, that is, for the same breakfast. Tomorrow it doesn't matter what the morning sugar level will be, the main thing is that it returns to its original value.

So, I make 3.5 units of Humalog and get 3.5 mmol / L after 4 hours. This situation means that there is too much such a dose of insulin, because the sugar is overwhelmed. Then I decide to take 3.25 units of insulin (this can be done on some baby pens) the next morning and get 5.2 mmol / L 4 hours after the injection. This is exactly the correct dose that has been absorbed throughout the breakfast.

Now we know that 4 XE is absorbed at 3.25 units of Humalog. And now let's calculate how many units of insulin 1 XE absorbs. To do this, we again make up the proportion:

4 XE - 3.25 units

1 XE - X unit

It turns out that in order to properly assimilate 1 XE, you need 0.8 units of Humalog. This is your breakfast ratio. Subsequently, you simply multiply this coefficient by the amount of XE in your breakfast and you get the amount of insulin you need. You can remove or add something to breakfast, but the rate will remain the same until something happens that requires you to increase or decrease your insulin requirement.

You will immediately feel it by being too high or too low sugars... This will mean that the coefficient needs to be changed: increase or decrease. In our country, fluctuations in the coefficient occur by 0.1-0.3, but each has its own characteristics.

This is how you calculate the coefficients for all other meals. Do not forget that those who use simple insulin should take snacks after 2 hours, since the peculiarity of this insulin is such that it has a distant peak (as opposed to ultrashort ones, which have a peak that coincides with the peak of carbohydrate absorption) and ceases to act when all the carbohydrates are already digested. Simple insulin still continues to work for 2-4 hours, and if a new portion of carbohydrates does not come in, hypoglycemia may develop.

When to inject short-acting insulin

The whole story does not end with one selection of short insulin, you still need to know how and when to inject this dose of insulin. Great importance there is an injection and the time between the injection and the meal. Now I will tell you in more detail what I mean.

As I already said, there is natural insulin resistance in the morning, it is not in the evening. That is why the time for the unfolding of the action of short insulin is needed more than in the evening. In order not to wait 15-20 minutes, or even more (all this is also found out experimentally), you need to give an injection in a place from which it will be absorbed faster. Of all the places allowed for insulin injection, the abdomen is the most suitable. After the injection into the abdomen, insulin is absorbed faster than elsewhere (arms, thighs, and buttocks).

In our case, it has been experimentally proven that the morning dose of insulin should be given in the stomach and wait about 15 minutes (with an average sugar of 4.5-6.0 mmol / l). If the morning, for example, 3.5 mmol / l, then the time may decrease, but you still need to do it in the stomach. Conversely, if morning sugar is high, then more time is needed, and even more so in the stomach.

Further during the day, the need for insulin decreases and insulin resistance decreases. By dinnertime, it drops to a minimum, and insulin acts almost instantly. So fast that there are times when insulin has to be injected after a meal. Therefore, the injection site should not be as “fast”, for example, the arms or buttocks.

We inject in the shoulder at lunchtime, wait only 5 minutes with medium sugar, again depending on the initial sugar level. Before dinner, we also prick the other shoulder, but we sit down to eat almost immediately. We use the ultrashort Novorapid, so I gave an example with just this type of insulin.

Those who use simple insulin should act a little differently. Firstly, this type of insulin starts working much later, after about 20-30 minutes, so there will be a longer interval between the injection and the meal in the morning. But in terms of absorption capacity, they do not differ.

There is also such a moment as physical activity. During physical activity the need for insulin decreases, so this fact must be taken into account - to reduce the coefficient.

Another point to consider for those who at the same time uses simple short insulin and insulin average duration actions such as Protafan. Both insulins have pronounced peaks of action that occur at lunchtime or afternoon action. This fact must also be taken into account and the coefficient must be reduced.

That's all for me. If you don't understand anything, ask in the comments. In my next articles, I will introduce you to programs that automatically calculate bolus insulin. So I advise you not to miss.

With warmth and care, endocrinologist Dilyara Lebedeva

With warmth and care, endocrinologist Dilyara Ilgizovna Lebedeva

Insulin is produced by the pancreas. Sugar obtained from food is responsible for the amount of substance. The hormone is involved in the transport of energy to tissues and organs.

A healthy person produces as much insulin as is needed to process the resulting glucose.

Diabetics must adjust their diet or receive additional hormone.

For type 1 diabetes, insulin injections - the only way out prolong the life of the patient.

Letters from our readers

Topic: My grandmother's blood sugar returned to normal!

From whom: Christina ( [email protected])

To: Administration site

Kristina
Moscow city

My grandmother has been suffering from diabetes for a long time (type 2), but recently complications have started to affect her legs and internal organs.

In type 1 diabetes, the total amount of insulin decreases. With type 2 of the disease, the sensitivity of tissues to the hormone decreases. In the first case, injection treatment is the only way to help. In the second, insulin therapy is prescribed as the disease progresses.

Each patient is selected their own type and amount of the drug.

According to the method of obtaining insulin, it is divided into 4 types:

• human - obtained from the human body using Escherichia coli;
• pork - obtained from the pancreas of pigs;
• from cattle - synthesized from the pancreas of large animals;
• cetacean - obtained from the pancreas of whales;
• genetically engineered - synthesized from pork pancreas, replacing an amino acid that is not identical to a person with a suitable one.

Genetically engineered insulin is identical to human insulin. It is most often used in the treatment of diabetes. Bovine serum has three distinct amino acids and is rarely prescribed due to allergic reactions to the drug. The whale hormone is even more different from the human hormone and is rarely prescribed.

Speed ​​classification

Depending on the course of the disease, 5 types of drugs are distinguished according to the speed and duration of exposure:

• Ultra-short-acting. Effectiveness occurs within 10 minutes after the injection. It is administered before or immediately after a meal, subcutaneously. Valid for no more than 3 hours.
• Short acting. Works in 30 minutes. Taken before meals. The exposure lasts 6 hours.
• Medium action. The drug is administered 2 times a day at the same time. The effect begins in 1.5 hours and lasts no more than 20 hours.
• Long-term action. The effect occurs 3 hours after administration. The duration of the effect is 24 hours. It is introduced 1-3 times a day.
• Combined drugs... They combine high-speed performance and average duration of the effect.

Ultra-short and short-acting drugs mimic the work of the pancreas after a meal.

After eating, the body produces an anabolic that is able to convert the resulting sugar into energy. Medium to long exposure injections mimic work digestive organ outside the meal. Between meals, the body produces glucose on its own, which requires some insulin to process. In case of complete failure of the pancreas, the simultaneous administration of a short and long-term medicine will reimburse the organ's work.

A miscalculated dose of insulin causes death. When the norm of the hormone in the body is exceeded, the sugar level sharply decreases, which causes a glycemic coma. The dose of anabolic is calculated by the doctor individually, but a diabetic can help with the correct determination of the dosage:

• It is necessary to purchase a glucometer, it determines the amount of sugar in any place, regardless of the time. You should measure your sugar level during the week: in the morning on an empty stomach, before meals, after meals, at lunchtime, in the evening. On average, at least 10 measurements are made per day. All data is recorded in a notepad.
• Special scales will control the mass of food consumed and will help in calculating the consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In diabetes, diet is one of the important components of treatment. The amount of nutrients should be in the same amount daily.

The maximum value of insulin when calculating the dosage is 1 unit per 1 kilogram of body weight. An increase in the maximum value does not contribute to improvement and leads to hypoglycemia. Approximate dosages at different stages of the disease:

• When complicated type 2 diabetes is detected, 0.3 units / 1 kg of weight is used.
• When an insulin-dependent degree of the disease is detected, 0.5 U / 1 kg of weight is prescribed.
• During the year, with positive dynamics, the dosage increases to 0.6 units / 1 kg.
• In case of severe course and lack of compensation, the dosage is 0.7-0.8 units / 1 kg.
• When complications appear, 0.9 units / 1 kg is prescribed.
• During pregnancy, the dosage rises to 1 unit / 1 kg of weight.

1 dose of the drug - no more than 40% of the daily value. Also, the volume of the injection depends on the severity of the disease and external factors (stress, physical activity, taking other drugs, complications or concomitant diseases).

Calculation example:

1. For a patient weighing 90 kilograms, suffering from type 1 diabetes for a year with positive dynamics, the dose of insulin is 0.6 units. per day (90 * 0.6 = 54 units - the daily rate of insulin).
2. Hormone long acting injected 2 times a day and is half of the daily dose (54/2 = 27 - daily dose of long-acting insulin). The first intake of the drug is 2/3 of the total volume ((27 * 2) / 3 = 18 - the morning rate of the long-term drug). The evening dose is 1/3 of the total (27/3 = 9 is the evening dose of long-acting insulin).
3. Short-acting insulin also accounts for half of the total hormone norm (54/2 = 27 - the daily dose of the fast-acting drug). The medicine is taken before meals 3 times a day. The morning intake is 40% of the total norm of short insulin, lunch and evening intake is 30% each (27 * 40% = 10.8 - the dose of the morning intake; 27 * 30% = 8.1 units - the evening and lunch doses).

When glucose is elevated before a meal, the fast insulin calculation will change.

Measurements are made in bread units. 1XE = 12 grams of carbohydrates. The dose of a short-acting drug is selected depending on the XE value and the time of day:

• in the morning 1XE = 2 units;
• at lunchtime 1XE = 1.5 units;
• in the evening 1XE = 1 unit.

Depending on the severity of the disease, the calculations and dosages vary:

• In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. The treatment uses fast and long acting hormones. For the calculation, the total allowable insulin units are halved. The long-lasting drug is administered 2 times a day. Short insulin injected 3-5 times a day.
• At severe course type 2 diabetes is given a long-acting medication. Injections are given 2 times a day, no more than 12 units per injection.

1 unit of insulin lowers blood sugar by an average of 2 mmol / l. For an accurate reading, continuous blood sugar measurement is recommended.

Therapies

Insulin therapy and its types

The task of insulin therapy is to administer an amount of the drug that is close to the patient's physiological norm. During the day, up to 80% of the hormone is injected, the rest is injected at night. This mode of taking the drug is close to the physiological production of the hormone in a healthy person.

Each person metabolizes glucose in his own way. The processing of 1 grain unit requires from 0.5 to 4 units of insulin. To find out the required dosage of the solution, it is necessary to measure the sugar level after a meal.

Knowing the number of bread units in the product, you can calculate the rate of insulin. If the sugar remains high after the injection, the dose is increased.

Therapies

For the treatment of diabetes, 2 methods of insulin therapy are used:

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• Traditional therapy. In the treatment, short and long acting insulins are used. Up to 60% falls on the use of long-term hormone, 40% on fast insulin. The diet and injection time are strictly observed. Snacks, skipping meals, sports outside the schedule, stress are excluded.
• Intensive therapy. In the treatment, insulins of short and long duration are used. The intake of the short-acting hormone is calculated according to the food consumed. No strict adherence to diet is required, sports and snacks are allowed.

Methods of drug administration

For the convenience of administering insulin, special devices have been created that are used quickly and easily. There are three ways of administering the drug.

There is a reason for absolutely all troubles. So a bump from an injection on the buttock does not just appear. If the technique for setting up an intramuscular injection is violated, an inflammatory process can start, leading to compaction at the injection site, redness, soreness and swelling of this area. Let's list the main, often encountered, reasons for the appearance of "bumps":

1. Accelerated drug administration. In this case, the drug simply does not have time to be evenly distributed in the muscle tissue, it remains in one place, forming a seal from the injection, which can become inflamed over time.

2. Insufficient needle length. Some people who give injections at home on their own or with the help of loved ones mistakenly believe that it is best to use the thinnest needles possible, and use insulin syringes to inject into the buttock. The needle is not long enough to reach the muscle, and medicinal substance injected into the subcutaneous fat layer. The same effect will be obtained if a syringe with an adequate needle length is taken, but during the procedure the needle is inserted less than half.

3. Muscle tension. Since childhood, we all remember the nurses' phrase before the injection "relax your ass". In a tense muscle, the medicine will not be able to quickly dissolve and an infiltrate may form after an injection, in a simple way - a "bump". Also, the main and rather serious danger of an injection into a tense hard muscle is that the needle may break, and then the fragment will have to be removed surgically. Therefore, during the injection, relax and do not agree to inject while standing.

4. Some medications have an oily texture. They need to be injected into the muscle more slowly than others, and it is advisable to warm them up to body temperature before injection.

5. Rarely found allergic reaction for medicines. Allergic infiltration from an injection has its own characteristics: the speed of occurrence, swelling and redness of the injection site, sometimes itching. In such cases, you must immediately notify your doctor so that he takes necessary measures for the correction of therapy.

Lump after injection How to cure

Sugar level

At home, you can successfully remove bumps from injections on the pope. However, if you experience symptoms such as a local increase in temperature at the injection site, severe swelling, redness and soreness in this area, do not self-medicate under any circumstances, consult a surgeon immediately. In such cases, there is a risk of developing an abscess, which is treated exclusively by surgery. In order not to bring it to this, the seal after the injection must be treated in a timely manner.

How to treat injection bumps:

1. Gently massage the injection site to improve local blood circulation and speed up the resorption of the infiltrate.

2. The simplest and most well-known remedy is an iodine grid. Draw the mesh with a cotton swab dipped in iodine solution. It is necessary to do this procedure 2-3 times a day.

3. The next most popular remedy is applying a juicy cabbage leaf or aloe leaf at night (you need to cut the leaf and attach the juicy side). This method is known from our grandmothers, it is really effective, and many doctors recommend it for the treatment of inflammatory post-injection infiltrates.

4. Compress with "Dimexide" diluted with vodka in a ratio of 1: 4. It is preferable to lubricate the skin with an anti-inflammatory cream.

Despite its unpleasant specific odor, "Dimexide" is a very effective remedy and, besides, it is inexpensive, which is also important

5. Local use of preparations of troxerutin or heparin ointment. It will relieve inflammation and numb the area with the lump. There are also effective and easy-to-use gels available, also based on heparin.

6. The homeopathic ointment based on herbs "Traumeel S" has proven itself perfectly in the treatment of inflammatory processes, which are "bumps" from injections. Due to its unique composition, this ointment is able to eliminate bumps after injections on the buttocks in the shortest possible time. Similar action have others homeopathic ointments based on arnica.

The folk advice and medicines listed above, with the timely start of treatment, will help get rid of "bumps" from injections and avoid unpleasant complications.

And finally, I would like to say, please, trust the recommendations of qualified doctors and use time-tested means. You should not search the Internet and test on yourself dubious advice to attach a piece of bacon or a compress from urine to the "bump". If only as a joke! Be healthy!

You still feel like there is no cure for diabetes.

Judging by the fact that you are now reading these lines - a victory in the fight against high level blood sugar is not on your side yet ...

Have you already thought about inpatient treatment? This is understandable, because diabetes is a very dangerous disease that, if not treated promptly, can be fatal. Constant thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision ... All these symptoms are familiar to you firsthand.

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EtoDiabet.ru "All about insulin" Important information about insulin

Folk remedies for bumps caused by injections

Alternative treatment for such a problem is very effective and can quickly eliminate bumps caused by injections.

• An effective remedy for getting rid of bumps after injections is propolis tincture, which can be easily purchased at any pharmacy. For treatment, the area of ​​the skin around the bump is abundantly lubricated with baby cream and a cotton pad moistened with tincture is applied to the seal. Fix it with an adhesive plaster. 1 procedure is done per day, lasting 3 hours. The course of treatment is 10 days.
• Cabbage leaves and honey perfectly save even old buds. For therapy, you need to take 1 cabbage leaf and beat it well with a hammer. After that, put 1 teaspoon of honey on the surface of the sheet and lightly smear it. With the honey side, the leaf is applied to the cone and fixed with a plaster. Leave the cabbage overnight. Such treatment continues, depending on the rate of resorption of the lump, from 7 to 14 days.
• Aloe is a very effective cone medicine. In order to use a plant in treatment, you need to rip 1 leaf from it and put it in the refrigerator for 24 hours. After that, you need to prepare gruel from the sheet. It is put in place of the bumps, covered with polyethylene on top and, fixing it with a plaster, insulated with a woolen cloth. This compress is put on for the whole night. The treatment is carried out until the lump dissolves, but no more than 15 days. If during this time the neoplasm has not disappeared, you should seek medical help.
• Salted cucumbers - wonderful remedy against seals formed due to injections. In order to use them as a medicine, you need to take 1 cucumber, cut it into thin circles and attach them in several layers to the seal. From above, the cucumber is covered with polyethylene and fixed with adhesive plaster. The effect of the compress lasts all night long. In most cases, the patient feels a noticeable improvement in the morning. The entire treatment takes 5 to 7 days.
• Banana peels are also a great remedy for bumps left behind by injections. For treatment, a piece is cut off from the peel, the size of which will completely close the seal, and applied to the sore spot with the inside. After fixing the peel with a plaster, it is left overnight. This treatment is continued for 10-14 days. In most cases, the lump begins to decrease in size after 3 days of therapy.
• The cranberry compress is also very effective in the hardening caused by the injection. To carry it out, 1 tablespoon of cranberry berries is pounded and spread on a cheesecloth folded in 2 times. Then the agent is applied to the affected area, covered with polyethylene, fixed with a plaster and left for 12 hours. They make this compress in the evening. The duration of treatment directly depends on the speed of recovery.
• Lilac leaves also quickly eliminate buds. For treatment, it is enough just to apply a crushed plant leaf to the affected area and replace it every 3 hours. Leaves are placed in 3-4 layers at night. Usually, recovery occurs within a week.

Home remedies

Practical, effective, convenient means for treating seals after injections are always in the arsenal of any housewife. Popular folk methods help get rid of the unpleasant consequences of insulin therapy. These recipes are patient tested diabetes mellitus... They provide effective proven results.

Pure honey and honey cake

The sore spot can be lubricated with natural honey.

Natural natural medicine will come to the rescue in the fight against insulin cones. Honey can be smeared with compacted areas, leaving for two hours. And also a healing cake is prepared from it. To do this, take an egg, a tablespoon of honey and butter. Flour is poured over the eye. Knead a non-liquid, but also a loose cake. It is kept in the refrigerator. Each time, pinch off a piece from it and make a circle. Its diameter should correspond to the size of the seal, and its thickness should be up to a centimeter. The circle is applied to the seal and fixed with a bandage or bandage. It is left overnight or kept for an hour.

How to use potatoes for seals?

Potatoes are used to treat insulin cones in their raw form. For this, a well-washed raw potato is cut in half lengthwise. After that, each half is applied to the subcutaneous seals. Potato juice will help you to soften and reduce bumps. A gruel is prepared from the peeled tuber; for this, rub it on a fine grater. Put it on a bandage, and make a compress.

Cucumber in the treatment of cones

The pickled cucumber helps to relieve lumps at the injection site. It is cut into slices thinly. Rings of the appropriate size are applied to the cones and attached with a plaster. Such a compress is kept for a long time, done at night. By morning, the seals disappear or significantly decrease in size. If necessary, the procedure is carried out the next night.

Other home helpers

The cabbage leaf fights well against such formations.

Cabbage leaves are an excellent treatment for insulin infiltrates. Fresh leaves are slightly cut, beat off with a hammer, so that they let the juice out. They are applied to the buds up to 3 times a day. You can add honey if you are not allergic to its components. The only drawback of cabbage is the inconvenience of moving. Therefore, it is good to apply it in the evening before going to bed, or during a planned rest. An effective, proven recipe is aloe leaves. For treatment, the lower leaves of the plant are needed. They are cut off and left in the refrigerator for a day. Then they wash, remove sharp edges, and beat off with a meat hammer until a healing gruel is obtained. It is applied to a bandage and fixed on the area of ​​the bumps.

Medication for bumps

For drug treatment cones use multicomponent ointments. They have a resorbing, anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effect.

Lumps from pricks on the arm, outer thigh, or buttocks can be treated using proven and credible ointments:

How to apply the ointment:

Vishnevsky ointment or balsamic liniment is applied with a compress for 3 hours, once a day. For treatment, you need to do procedures for one or two weeks.

Massage is done with heparin ointment and troxevasin. It is necessary to do massage with ointment, strictly in the direction of the muscle.

Magnesium sulfate compress

Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic substance widely used in medicine. At the pharmacy, you can buy a ready-made solution of magnesium sulfate or a mixture to prepare it.

To treat bumps, we make a compress at night: you need to moisten a bandage or cotton swab in a solution of magnesium sulfate and put it on the bump. Cover the compress with cling film on top and fix it well with a gauze bandage.

Iodine grid

The most affordable, simple and common way to treat and prevent bumps from injections. Take a cotton swab, moisten it well in food and apply an iodine mesh to the injection site. This procedure should be done three times a day.

For treatment, the iodine grid is used in combination with other methods for better results. During the course intramuscular injections it is recommended to make an iodine net to prevent the occurrence of cones.

How to remove bumps after insulin

The main rule for patients with diabetes mellitus is not to inject insulin for a long time in the same place. It is recommended to alternate the injection zones, for example, the abdomen or thighs are replaced with the buttocks and shoulder blades. If you cannot inject yourself into new places, it is better to seek help. For resorption of compacted infiltrates, it is enough to leave their location without injection effects for a month, and also to observe the rules of personal hygiene. At the same time, use disposable syringes as expected without prolonging their service life. For the treatment of seals, use pharmacological absorbable drugs, physiotherapy, herbal and natural remedies.

Why bumps appear from insulin injections

The patient needs a sugar-lowering hormone several times a day, so the patient does not have the opportunity to frequently change the injection site, which leads to the appearance of painful bumps. Lipodystrophic bumps represent the compaction of adipose tissue, and have the appearance of elevations that rise above the skin. There are also lipoatrophies - small compacted depressions at the injection sites. The main reason for the appearance of bumps is the repeated use of insulin needles. Patients save syringes, and for more than a week they inject with the same needle. With their prolonged use, the end becomes dull and injures the epidermis. Inflammation occurs in the subcutaneous layer.

Why did a lump appear after the injection?

With a properly made injection, the medicine prescribed by the doctor enters the muscle layer, quickly absorbs there and passes through the tissues of the body, providing a therapeutic effect. If a lump appears at the injection site and does not dissolve for a long time, this indicates that mistakes were made during the injection procedure.

Why a bump from injections can form on the buttock:

The nurse administered the drug too quickly.
The syringe has the wrong needle size. This means the needle is shorter than it should be. In this case, the drug does not enter the muscle, but into the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, where it is very difficult for it to dissolve - hence the compaction.
Unprofessional execution of the procedure. In which the needle is also not inserted deeply enough and did not enter the muscle. This happens when a family member gives the injection and feels sorry for the patient and is afraid of causing pain.
Muscle strain

It is important to relax the muscles during the injection. But now, in the treatment room, they usually do not offer patients to lie down, which is correct, but injections are given while standing.

Once in a tense muscle, the medicine is not evenly distributed, and as a result, a painful hematoma appears.
Oil injections. Before the procedure, the oil solution must be warmed up and injected very slowly. If these rules are not followed, a complication arises in the form of painful seals.
Cotton injection. The use of cotton is believed to reduce the pain of the pricks. In this case, the needle is inserted at a right angle, quickly and sharply. As a result, the drug is also injected too quickly, and the drug does not have time to be distributed evenly.
Damaged blood vessel... In which a certain amount of blood flows out. Bloating, redness and induration appear at this site.
Allergy to the injected drug. In this case, in addition to the appearance of a lump, you will be bothered by itching, redness, and possibly a temperature.
Nerve endings. If the procedure is performed incorrectly, you can get into sciatic nerve... In this case, you may feel numbness in the buttock and legs.
Infection. A non-sterile instrument, contact of the needle with any surfaces before insertion leads to the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms into the tissues. The result is inflammation and sepsis. Symptoms of sepsis, in addition to a lump, are burning, redness, severe pain, purulent discharge, and high fever.
Increased muscle sensitivity. This is a rather rare occurrence, but in this case the muscles react sharply to any intervention. As a result, at the injection site, connective tissue that looks like a scar and induration.