If you do not remember any of the above methods, it is possible, for example, with a resin, which is known to perform on the south side of the tree. You can search an anthill, which is also most often located in the south. Close to the colors of the bark of trees such as birch and pine, in the north it is usually darker than in the south. In addition, in the north of the rocks, stones and cobblestones are covered with moss strongest.

Ways to orientation by natural features and subjects

How do people oriented on the ground? Sometimes such a question is asked, it is worth remembering that there are several basic ways here, it is oriented over the moon, the sun, stars, local buildings, compass and the map and shadow.

On the compass

There are situations when you need to know your location and pave the path, but the road is unknown, and there is only a compass with you. It is not scary because it is possible to navigate without a card.

• First of all, you need to choose a reference point that a clear object can serve, preferably with a certain length, for example, river, automotive or railway, high hill.
• After determining the reference point, you need to move away from it in a perpendicular direction, but leaving it visible to you.
• Stand up to an approximate object and bring a compass to work. Turn it until the index arrow is parallel to the zero scale, that is, so far they do not coincide.
• Mentally thus a straight line in the center of the compass to the guideline. Fix the azimuth of the return, the reverse side of the line will show the direction of movement.
• During the way, you need to constantly follow, so as not to move away from the direction chosen by the compass.
• Read more about, read on our site.

Following this action plan, you can design a whole route consisting of landmarks, the main thing, fix the azimuth values. In case of return, you will need to turn forward, Put a compass into such a position so that the flying pointer shown forward, and turn around with it so that the north of the arrows coincided with the north of the scale. After that, keep moving straight.

The use of a compass near the accumulation of metal, railways or thunderstorms is not desirable, at this time the data will be distorted. In addition, it is not recommended to rely on compass data near the power line.

Such restrictions are associated with the fact that the compass responds to a magnetic field, and it will be overestimated and the arrow of the approximate device will only knock down from the right path, Since it will be deviated towards the accumulation of metal objects.

Without compass

If you have no compass on your hand, you can determine your location using a map by coordinates. To do this, first you need to determine these same coordinates, and therefore, know the latitude and longitude.

• Latitude is the distance from the equator to the desired point.
• Longitude is the distance from Greenwich to the desired point.

All parallels and meridians are indicated on a map of concrete numbers - degrees, so to find the desired point, you need to take data latitude and longitude at its intersection. To find out the location on the map, you just need to go to any Internet services, with online cards and enter the obtained values.

You will appear in the wanted information, and the place will be marked with a special symbol.

On a map

Determine the side of the horizon, it will help give the map the correct position so that it reflects the real situation of the surrounding area. It is important here that the north of the cards are standardly at the top, there are exceptions, but most often exactly that. The easiest way to navigate:

• road;
• railway;
• river.

If there are no such landmarks nearby, then any outstanding landmark should be searching to use you to use the map and continue the way.

Consider the weather and climatic conditions when choosing landmarks. If the construction is depicted on the map, it does not mean that it is here and at the moment, because it can destroy strong wind and other weather conditions. The same can happen with a tree or stamp, choose a reliable reference point, for example, a huge cobblestone that cannot be moved from the place, a high hill or rock.

When you choose a landmark, find it on the map and turn the map so that it corresponds to the real location of the area, that is, relate the objects you have seen on the map with the surrounding area.

Mark the place of your location on a map with a point or checkmark, build a further path and continue moving in accordance with your route.

other methods

If you do not remember any of the above methods, there are other ways of orientation by natural features, on the ground, for example, with the help of a resin, which is known to perform on the south side of the tree.

• You can search an anthill, which is also most often located in the south. Read more about how to navigate the anthill, read on our website.
• Close to the colors of the bark of trees such as birch and pine, in the north it is usually darker than in the south. In addition, in the north of the rocks, stones and cobblestones are covered with moss strongest.
• Pay attention to church buildings - Altari and Chapel of Christian churches look east, and the bell tower west.
• In the village of the houses usually come to the south, it is from this side that the paint will deteriorate and fades everything faster.

Examples of local orientation

To be clearer, it is worth it to disassemble this. Suppose you went hiking into the forest, but got lost. On the phone got a charge, and you do not know how to find the way home. You came from the south side and you need to find it. To do this, look for anthills, the dark side of the birch and cobblestone bark, with enhanced moss vegetation. All this will help you understand in which side of the south and return home.

Or another example, imagine that you came to another city with a tour and lagging behind your group. Do not panic, find the nearest church structure and carefully inspect it. Altari and chapels in Orthodox temples are always facing east, and the bell tower of the same buildings look in the west side.

If, due to dense clouds, it is not possible to navigate with astronomical methods, you can try to determine the parties of the horizon on local features.

Sometimes a person who knows well in the theory of ways of orientation methods on local signs, trying to apply his knowledge in practice, it happens completely discouraged - he does not work out, despite the fact that in his memory of fresh memories of such legendary conductors, such as, for example, DERS Salad, who pointed out the way for expeditions, based often on barely noticeable signs.

It should be noted here that, firstly, those methods of orientation, which are given in the special literature, are given in perfect or somewhat exaggerated form. In nature, these signs are sometimes more blurred, fuzzles, often contradictory, are complicated by the most different factors - the nature of the relief, dominant winds, the proximity of the groundwater, the state of the weather, etc. Secondly, people living in nature and strongly depend on it, it is really that extraordinary observation is really developing, allowing them not to be sneaked from the way. But the quality is the result of constant, everyday, sometimes unconscious training. Such observation is generated for many years, and therefore such people are oriented, so to speak, in automatic mode, without applying for this special effort, on the go paying attention to the necessary signs, comparing and comparing seen when different circumstances, discarding the random and making conclusions about Your location and faithful direction of movement. But even the most good conductors are better oriented over the Sun, the Moon and the Star.

Therefore, those who will come to navigate the local signs, first of all, be patient. In no case can not be hurried with the conclusion about the location of the side of the horizon, based on one-two observations.

Among the adoption, which are of the greatest practical importance for Taiga, it is necessary to highlight those related to the effects of solar heat on vegetation and, first of all, on trees.

The bark of trees from the north side is usually rougher and darker than with southern, which is well noticeable on birch, larch, aspen.

From the south side of the trunk of coniferous trees, more resin is distinguished than with North.

After the rain and in crude weather, the trunks of the trees of coniferous breeds are drawn from the north side, which is especially noticeable at pine. This is explained by the fact that a thin secondary crust is developed on the pine crust, which is formed earlier on the shadow side of the trunk and comes higher than on the southern one. During the rain, this crust darkens and swells, and since the sun's rays almost do not fall on it, it will dry longer.

Mossi and lichen - the tepeless and moisture-boring plants are growing on the northern side of trees and stones. Moss from the north side is more wet.

Ants tend to build their homes south of the tree or stump. If the anthill is located not at the tree, then its south side is usually more common.

Grass on the northern outskirts of the pollast, forest harnesses, as well as from the south side of separate trees, stumps, large stones in the spring is thick. In the summer, the northern sides of the pollast burn out. The hot and dry summer of dew on the grass growing at the tree or stone, it remains longer from the northern side, and the grass itself looks more fresh. For a longer time, Rosa is preserved on the northern slopes of ravines. Berries during the ripening period acquire the color from the south side earlier than with the North.

However, it is meaningless to look for all these signs in the bus, Burvel, in the midst of the forest ages, where they are expressed very weakly or not expressed at all, "heated" by the current microclimate. The greatest interest and value for determining the sides of the horizon are glads, edges, suitable trees, plants and objects on them, on which the effect of solar heat is exposed to a much greater extent. The information obtained on the basis of such will accept several times requested by different ways, can give a rather clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe location of the side of the horizon.

Some help in oriented may even have a changing nature of vegetation. So, many taiga researchers have repeatedly drawn attention to the strollers when switching from the north on the southern slopes of hills, hills, mountains. Facing soup sobes - pine-steppe, as a rule, easily passable; Turning to the north - taiga-shrub, densely shouted with larch, almost deprived of herbs and are a loose taigue. The spread of certain types of trees is also sometimes a good guideline. For example, it is known that in the south of the seaside taiga, the velvet tree is found exclusively on the northern slopes, and on the southern - oak.

A rather known method for determining the sides of the horizon in the forest buses. Oblosts are usually cut in the North-South and East-West directions. The forest is thus divided into blocks, which are numbered, as a rule, from west to east and from north to south - the first room is placed in the north-western corner, the last one is in southeast. At the intersection of prospects, quarterly poles are installed, the upper part of which is stuffed in the form of faces. Each face is signed by the number of the counting quarter to her. It is clear that the edge between the two smallest numbers indicates the direction to the north (Fig. 18). It is necessary, however, to consider that sometimes for economic considerations are cut, it does not correspond to the sides of the horizon.

Definition of the side of the horizon in the forest

Talking about the definition of the countries of light on local features, you need to mention some of the misconceptions related to these orientation methods. First of all, this is a fairly widespread opinion that it is possible to determine the side of the horizon in the width of the annual rings on the spikes of trees. The assertion that rings is wider from the south than from the north, incorrectly, this feature cannot be guided by oriented on the ground, and it was proved in the XIX century. Nevertheless, this misconception is very common and no, no, yes, it will appear in one, then in another book (the author, to a considerable surprise, found a similar recommendation even on the pages of one of the modern school textbooks). And all three hundred years ago, when English biologist John Rei noticed that the southern radius on the wood was larger than any other. This statement gave rise to a mass of disputes in the scientific world, which with varying success lasted more than seventy years. In 1758, Dougamel de Monscil is not considered the conclusion of the conclusion, proving that far from always the southern radius more than others. However, another quarter of a century later, the director of the Paris Botanical Garden of Antoine, the director of the Paris Botanical Garden of Antoine. Point in this endless dispute put academician A.F. Middendorf, who has dedicated many years of his life to the study of Siberia plants and, in particular, who observed the spins of trees growing on Yenisei. He found that there is no strict dependence of the width of the annual rings from the side of the horizon, as he wrote in his book "Travel to the North and East of Siberia": "My bodily plates, it turns out to be at all eccentric, and if A. Shrenk (1854) I found that the southern side of the wood rings in the northern trees is somewhat wider than other sides (like two to three), it is probably only applies to the southern outskirts of the forests. " The nature of the growth of the tree cell depends on the tens of various reasons, therefore the width of the annual rings can be oriented which direction. Moreover, if you make a speech on the same tree, but at different heights, then an amazing picture will open - the maximum width of the annual rings changes in height in a variety of directions, sometimes indicating the diametrically opposite sides.

No less frequent misconception concerns the possibility of orienting on the thickness of the crown of trees. Of course, it happens that the branches of the tree grow thicker from the south side, but it is impossible to do from this particular circumstance. In the forest, the tree branches are developing mainly towards the free space; The configuration of the crown of separate trees depends mainly on the direction of the dominant wind.

In cases where travelers lost the orientation, as practice has shown, faster, easier and more reliable to go back to its own trails wherever you can absolutely identify your location. Meanwhile, often lost people seek to continue moving. This is usually happening in cases where one person leads a group and, losing the orientation, is in no hurry to stop in the hope that the situation is about to become clarify. "That's it" stretches for tens of minutes, and sometimes on the clock. The group moves in an unknown direction, only aggravating its position. It happens that, having lost, people are trying to get out of this unpleasant situation as soon as possible and begin to "customize" the area under the map. They notice only those guidelines that make the terrain recognizable, and all discrepancies are considered random. Similar self-deception, as well as spontaneous uncommunicative movement even more confused travelers.

Already only doubts appeared in the correctness of the selected direction of movement, you need to immediately stop and try to restore the orientation. If you do not succeed, you need to return to your trails. At the same time, it is not necessary to cut loops and angles - an attempt to save strength and time usually does not make anything good and fraught with a loss of the last opportunity to determine their location.

Sometimes it is possible to navigate, examining the terrain from a sublime point - from the top of the hill, hills, in extreme cases, from a high tree. Comparison of seen well-visible landmarks, their interpordably and distances between them with the display of the area on the map allows you to clearly clarify the situation. It is necessary to consider the likelihood of the group's care to the "parallel situation", that is, in a similar area (neighboring valley of the river, gorge, etc.). If there is such a district in this area, then this feature is checked first, as this significantly reduces the circle of searches and simplifies the task of determining its locality, which in this case reduces the compaction of any characteristic reference points.

If the area is not possible and there is no possibility to go back, you need to try to trace your memory path. Each member of the group should try to remember, in which direction the route was kept (which side was shining, the wind blew, and the like); What a length of transitions were, which guidelines were in the way (stream, lake, swamp, ravine, etc.); How often did the priges satisfied and which duration they were, could have changed the nature of vegetation, etc. Restoring the collective efforts of the course of events, you need to designate the place of your intended location on the map and, based on this, make a decision on further movement.

There are not very many options here. In the case when there is no doubt in the orientation, you can return to the thread of the route and continue the path. If the uncertainty is preserved in the assessment of the place of stay, it is better to try to return to the point of last reliable coordinates. The full uncertainty of the position (especially if on the outcome of the products or someone from the unhealthy travelers) dictates the only possible solution in this situation - to try to go as soon as possible. It can help in this so-called "eternal" and large linear and areas: large mountain ranges, rivers, car and railways, lakes, seekers, and to bear it impossible. Most settlements are located on rivers, Taiga rivers are hardly the main transport paths, on rivers you can more often meet fishermen and hunters. Therefore, when losing orientations, it is recommended to move downstream of any watercourse (river, river), which will lead to a larger water artery, on the shores of which people can live. An exception to this rule is the river of the North Siberia, asking for increasingly deserted and eminent places.

10.10.2018 at 00:26 · oksioksi. · 2 910

Top 10 location orientation methods

Orientation skill will be useful to each person in life, no matter where it turned out to be: in the city, forest, desert, steppe or among water spaces. In fact, many people have problems with geographic orientation, and some even with difficulty promptly distinguish the right and left side. And if a person was in an unfamiliar place without visible identification signs of the residential zone, random passers-by and labels, then it is necessary to rely solely on its intuition and successfulness or ... or you can learn to navigate well in space with the help of healthy elements, signs and, strictly speaking, nature itself .

We offer you the top 10 most popular ways, thanks to which you can learn to navigate any terrain and even in the forest wilderness.

10. By relief

This method, of course, for advanced "environmentalists", as it implies attentiveness to the peculiarities of the landscape. If you have been found in the open area in the summer, in the fall or in the spring - then your faithful assistant will be the notorious moss, which chooses the northern sides of trees, old abandoned houses and other objects to grow. If the winter found you in an unfamiliar place, then the carpet from snow will be a faithful ally. It turns out that in the south, the coating makes a little faster.

9. On the map

Going to an unfamiliar city or, for example, to a tour (even with a guide or leader of the group), do not forget to arm a locality map that does not take up much space. Believe me that even if you do not understand it in its marks and drawing the landscape on a scale - I will definitely not be too much in the backpack. It is advisable to explore the terrain even before the trip so that with good access to the Internet, refine controversial or incomprehensible moments. Also find out how the conditional designations and mark on the map are read. To start the orientation, select a real major object (for example, a river or lake), from which you can repel and correctly determine the parties to light. It is advisable to capture the compass with the map and, possibly, the pylon pipe for looking out of distant objects on the horizon.

8. On the compass

This little assistant is already solving the key question - it helps to determine where the south is located, and where the north. If you exactly specify the side of the world, you can immediately find large objects for orientation or at least just choose the direction of movement. Do not forget that the compass should not be used to get accurate data while driving in your hand. Stop and place it on the maximum smooth horizontal surface. The arrow will immediately indicate you north, and then use the card to determine where to continue moving to get into the checkpoint.

7. According to radio signals

In order to navigate with this method, you need to capture a pocket radio with you. Next, you should try to catch and fix the signals of powerful radio stations, which will help you azimuth on the compass. It is desirable that the direction of signals also coincide with the selected side of the light. As you move, if you lose the landmark, you install the receiver towards the worst sound, which will help determine the desired side of the light, previously specified by the compass.

6. By the Sun.

Heavenly luminaire helps tourists, wanderers and seleods to determine the side of the world from the most ancient times. The method, of course, is not always stable, since a small cluster of clouds, twilight or night will prevent you from navigating the sun. In fact, a special table has been developed that allows you to determine your location on the star position in the sky in various seasons. If the compass is not found at home, the printout of the table is very desirable to invest in the map. If there is no table, you can use the mechanical clock (only with the clear sky). Position them on a flat horizontal surface in such a way that the main (short) arrow indicated the current position of the sun in the sky. Then the angle between the minute and clockwise arrow divide conditionally in half and spend the imaginary line that will indicate you the south side of the world.

5. For structures

If you did not catch the map, and moss, as it was called, does not grow in the observed area, you can navigate to unknown facilities. For example, the altars of Orthodox churches (even destroyed or abandoned) will be facing east. The bell tower of churches are oriented to the West. Pay attention to the cross - its lower diagonal crossbar shows the northern and south side (upper and lower end). As for the synagogue and mosques, their doors are located strictly north. Buddhist monasteries are asking so that the facades point to the south.

4. According to the Polar Star

So, the unfamiliar area covers you at twilight or night time, which means that it is not possible to use the sun or landscaped benchmarks. Then the whole hope for the starry occasion, which will be available only in cloudless weather. Carefully consider the sky and find the polar star (as we know from childhood, it is the brightest among others). And it is important to remember only one detail - the star is located strictly in the north, if you look at her face. If the brightness of the heavenly body was not immediately found, then remember the lessons of astronomy - the polar star is located in the constellation of the Bolshoi Bucket (Medleang).

3. On the moon

The second after the Sun, an important celestial body can help even in a cloud, frowning and very impenetrable night. Focus on the position of the moon, which will determine the parties of the world. But this requires some knowledge that satellite has different positions in different phases. If you do not want to memorize specific information - write it down on the fields of your card, because it may be the only way to orient the locality in the evening and night time.

2. Along animals

It will be not so much about animals, how many insects who know how to correctly orient their homes and obey nature biorhythms. The first of your helpers during a warm summer period are, of course, steppe bees, which to build their hive choose the southern side. In the daytime, with bad weather conditions and in any season, try to find an anthill. As a rule, ants erect their "building" also from the southern part of stump or wood. Pay attention to the very shape of the housing, since a more common side is south.

1. By plants

In the meantime, you are engaged in search of anthills and hives (Believe me, many hours of stupid wrap) can go for it), try to pay attention to the vegetation under your feet. Lichen and moss, we remind, grow precisely on the northern part of the trees. But the grass is more often punctured from any nearby object. And here's another landmark - from the north to the south are formed in the forest of seeks. And if you got fruit or berries, you know that you are likelying the southern side of the world.

In the modern world, navigators and GPS solve issues with orientation on the ground, and without "Google Maps", many people feel like without hands. However, it is good that you read this article, since in the most uncomfortable and hopeless period of knowledge of orientation in the wild, very in time will pop up from the subconscious.

In order to well focus on the ground, it is necessary to be able to determine the parties to light without the use of maps, compasses and navigation instruments. The orientation of the software and the compass does not represent complexity, however there are situations where people go to nature and do not take a compass with a map with them, and in the GPS navigator sat down batteries. In order not to get lost in the forest, you need to be able to determine the sides of the world through the sun, stars, MSh, trees, etc.

Sun orientation and stars

The sun can be used as a landmark, but for this you will need to know the exact time. The sun is moving in the sky from the east to the west. However, it is worth considering that in winter it goes back to the southeast, and comes in the south-west direction.

In summer, it is possible to navigate as follows: if you put your back to the sun at noon, to the left of you will be the West, and on the right - east. In winter, at noon, the sun is located in the south-east, and if you put back to it, the southwest will be left. And in the spring and autumn the sun is in the south-east at about 10:00 hours.

At night, when the orienteering of the Sun becomes impossible, the direction of the parties can be determined on the polar star, which is part of the constellation of a small bear. First, it is necessary to find the constellation of a large bear, resembling a bucket with a handle. On the territory of Russia "Bucch" can be seen at any time of the year, the exception is only the southern regions, where the in the fall of the bear is lowered to the horizon.

If, after two extreme stars, forming the right wall "Bucket" (opposite the "Bucket" knob), to conduct an imaginary straight, it will indicate a polar star. Length straight about five times the distance between the two stars through which the line was held. The direction of the line on the polar star coincides with the northern direction.

Local signature orientation

Moss grows mainly on the north side of the tree trunks, and lichens grow on the north side of the rocks and stones. However, such signs do not always guarantee the absolute accuracy of the definition of the parties of the Light, so it is desirable to use the method of orientation on MCU and lichens in conjunction with other methods. For example, you can pay attention to anthills - most often they are located on the south side of the trunks of trees and stumps.

An early spring south direction can be determined by the worst snow. The side of the slopes, hills and boulders, which comes to the south and heats up the rays of the sun more than the northern. Therefore, on the south side, the snow melts more intense.