Until recently, a visit to a dentist-surgeon was associated with medieval torture. But with the current level of technological and medical progress, you can safely trust the doctor without fear of anything.

Removal of the dental nerve, tumors of the oral cavity, reconstructive operations on the jaw are carried out as delicately as possible and without the risk of serious complications.

Tooth-preserving operations in surgery

In Soviet times, tooth extraction was considered a panacea for almost all dental diseases. Modern surgeons do everything to save a tooth, or at least part of it.

Therapeutic procedures include:

• resection of the root apex (only the upper affected part of the root is removed);
• hemisection (the doctor removes one root in a multi-rooted tooth if the infection does not respond to conservative treatment);
• separation (separation of roots for the treatment of interradicular cysts and granulomas);
• patchwork operations (elimination of foci of infection in periodontal disease).

Basic services of surgical dentistry

All surgical manipulations should be carried out in a separate room in order to achieve perfect sterilization and ensure isolated work, readiness for emergencies. The surgeon works together with the anesthesiologist.

It's time to forget that tooth extraction is painful. One light injection - and any surgical operation on the teeth or gums will be painless and comfortable.

If it is necessary to remove several teeth at once in one session or to perform a complex extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth, the doctor may advise general anesthesia. When you “wake up”, all the worst will be behind you.

Average price in St. Petersburg 2100 ₽

Average price in Moscow 14000 ₽

Laser surgery in dentistry

Using a laser beam instead of a traditional scalpel means high safety, absolute sterility and a completely predictable result. Thanks to this innovation, even surgical operations are now contactless and bloodless, and soft tissues heal much faster.

Therefore, most of the "luxury" clinics already use a laser for root canal sterilization, plastic surgery of the gums and frenulum of the lips, implantation, deep incisions on the mucous membrane. The method is so gentle that it does not even require anesthesia.

Children's surgical dentistry

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of pediatric surgery. After all, when a child needs to delicately pull out a milk tooth, parents turn to a pediatric dentist-surgeon. Such a doctor should not only be able to please a small patient and “talk his teeth”, but also know the features of anatomy child's body, use the most harmless drugs.

Pediatric surgical dentistry performs the following operations:

• removal of teeth, cysts, granulomas;
• treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw, periostitis, lymphadenitis;
• emergency care for injuries of the crown and gums;
• plastic frenulum of the lips and tongue;
• elimination of pathologies of the salivary glands.

On the MyDentist website, you can quickly find a dental surgeon for you or your child, as well as see a list of clinics in your area, including those with 24-hour operation.

Surgical dentistry

Surgical dentistry- a branch of dentistry that practices such methods of treatment as: operations to save teeth, bone grafting, preparation and implantation of teeth, as well as a variety of aesthetic operations in periodontology.

Issues under study

Surgical dentistry in its practice includes the extraction of teeth. In cases where treatment is ineffective and tooth extraction is inevitable, the dentist-surgeon professionally, quickly and without pain remove the required tooth. It is also possible to remove wisdom teeth, which have grown incorrectly and interfere. When a professional dental surgeon is involved in the extraction of a tooth, the occurrence of all kinds of complications is minimized. Surgeons also remove cysts located at the top of the tooth.

In addition, each specialist in surgical dentistry, before removing a tooth, will advise the patient on prosthetics or even implantation in place of the missing tooth.

Surgical dentistry includes:

• Implantation,
• dental procedures,
• Treatment of inflammatory processes (periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, sinusitis, abscesses, phlegmon)
• Extraction of teeth (partial or complete extraction)
• Treatment of oral tumors
• Preparation of the oral cavity for subsequent prosthetics
• Removal of small neoplasms on the face
• Treatment of TMJ diseases
• Treatment of diseases of the trigeminal nerve
• Treatment of diseases of the salivary glands
• Primary surgical treatment of wounds of the face, neck, oral cavity
• Reconstructive and plastic surgeries on the jaws
• Diagnosis of specific diseases when they manifest in the oral cavity (athynomycosis, tuberculosis, syphilis)
• Operations on periodontal tissues

Surgical dentistry in Russia

Thanks to high level development of modern surgical dentistry, today it is possible to preserve hopeless teeth.

At the moment, surgical dentistry closely links its practice with such areas in medicine as aesthetic surgery, orthodontics, implantology. Therefore, more and more dental surgeons are collaborating with other specialists.

Every year, cosmetic manipulations on the gums become more and more in demand in surgical dentistry. Especially often carried out are such techniques as: gingivoplasty, frenuloplasty, elimination of gum recessions, vestibuloplasty, corrective manipulations of the alveolar process, removal of the crown part of the tooth.

In addition to the above methods of treatment, surgical dentistry is preparing for implantation of the jaw. With non-standard placement of the maxillary sinuses, atrophy or thinning of the jaw bone, this anomaly is corrected or the altered bone is built up to install an implant.

Surgical dentistry studies the surgical aspects of diseases of the oral cavity, face and neck. Contrary to popular belief that dental surgeons only remove teeth and implant, they perform a large number of different manipulations, including operations from tooth extraction to plastic surgery.

Sources

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

• Surgeon Nikolai Pirogov (train)
• surgical instrument

See what "Surgical Dentistry" is in other dictionaries:

Dentistry- The request "Dentist" is redirected here. A separate article is needed on this topic ... Wikipedia

Dentistry- a field of science dealing with the study and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, jaws, teeth and surrounding tissues. The subdivisions of dentistry are: public health (specialty of dentistry), endodontics, therapeutic dentistry ... medical terms

DENTISTRY- (dentistry) a field of science dealing with the study and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity, jaws, teeth and surrounding tissues. The subsections of dentistry are: public health (specialty dentistry), endodontics, therapeutic ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Medicine

Dentistry- I Dentistry (Greek Stoma, stomatos mouth + logos teaching) area clinical medicine studying the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and injuries of the teeth, organs of the oral cavity and maxillofacial facial area developing methods for their diagnosis, treatment and ... Medical Encyclopedia

dentistry- and; and. [from Greek. stoma (stmatos) mouth and logos teaching] A branch of medicine that studies diseases of the teeth, oral cavity, jaws and border areas of the face and neck. Surgical s. Orthopedic s. FROM. childhood. ◁ Dental, oh, oh. FROM.… … encyclopedic Dictionary

dentistry- and; and. (from Greek stóma (stómatos) mouth and lógos teaching) see also. dental branch of medicine that studies diseases of the teeth, oral cavity, jaws and border areas of the face and neck. Surgical stomatology/gy. Orthopedic dentistry / gy. ... ... Dictionary of many expressions

surgical dentistry- section C., devoted to the study and diagnosis of diseases and injuries of the organs of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region, the development of surgical, including surgical, methods of their treatment ... Big Medical Dictionary

Dentist

Dentist- Examination in the office of a dentist Dentistry is a branch of medicine that studies teeth, their structure and functioning, their diseases, methods for their prevention and treatment, as well as diseases of the oral cavity, jaws and border areas ... ... Wikipedia

Bezrukov, Vladimir Maksimovich- Vladimir Maksimovich Bezrukov Date of birth ... Wikipedia

Books

• Surgical dentistry, . The textbook provides brief information about the history of the development of surgical dentistry and the organization of dental surgical care in a clinic and hospital. Provided data on…

Many patients, on their way to the state or private clinic, say they go to the dentist or dentist.

However, not everyone knows that this is not the same thing, and that the profession of a dentist is divided into therapeutic and surgical specialties.

Surgical specialists in dentistry include the following doctors:

• surgeon;
• orthopedist;
• orthodontist.

All disciplines are studied in the branch of medicine called surgical dentistry.

Field of activity

Almost every inhabitant of the planet by the age of 30 turned to a surgical dentist for help for various reasons:

• diseased teeth;
• jaw injuries;
• inflammatory diseases of the jaw, temporomandibular joint, soft tissues of the submandibular region, salivary glands and their ducts;
• with neoplasms of various origins;
• with congenital bone and facial pathology (cleft palate);
• faces with bad .

Surgical dentistry deals with the treatment of diseases of the human maxillofacial apparatus:

Such a large number of tasks requires specialization in each specific area. One doctor is not able to master the professional subtleties in every area. Therefore, dental surgeons work in hospitals and clinics and are engaged in the preservation of teeth and treatment various diseases oral cavity, jaw and facial skeleton.

Professional tasks

At an outpatient (polyclinic) appointment, the tasks of a surgical dentist include:

• removal of unpromising teeth, their roots;
• sanitation of small purulent cavities;
• cutting the hyoid frenulum and frenulum of the upper lip;
• early diagnosis of malignant and specific diseases of the oral cavity and jaw apparatus;
• incision of the gums over the teeth.

In stationary conditions, the range of duties of a doctor increases:

• opening and sanitation of purulent foci of the jaw, the bottom of the mouth;
• bone plastics of the lower or upper jaw;
• surgical treatment for malignant tumors maxillofacial zone;
• immobilization of the jaw with;
• arthrotomy in temporomandibular periarthritis;
• plastic surgery of the skin in case of traumatic injuries;
• operations on the ducts and salivary glands;
• osteoplastic surgery for anatomical anomalies;
• interventions in neurological diseases (neuritis).

Fully armed doctor

For such fine work and with all the variety of tasks for high-quality treatment, dental surgeons have the appropriate options for diagnosis and therapy:

Close cooperation with dentists of other specialties is expected. For example, together with a dental orthopedist, the jaw is prepared (remnants of teeth, sanitation of purulent foci) for implantation of teeth or the removal of existing implants.

It also implies close work with other specialists: general practitioners, endocrinologists, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, thoracic surgeons, etc.

The question of choosing a class specialist

When making an appointment, it is important to pay attention to how many patients are in the queue in front of you. Choose clinics with an average price range, because low prices may indicate insufficient quality of materials and lack of demand for specialists among the population.

Trust yourself, remember that good doctor not necessarily a smiling and talkative employee. Communication is not an indicator of professionalism. Each patient must trust the specialist to whom they will entrust the health of their teeth, and in some cases their lives.

The cost of the services of a dentist-surgeon varies depending on what the specialist does, the duration of treatment and the number of manipulations.

Prices for the initial appointment range from 350 to 700 rubles, repeated from 150 - 450 rubles. Surgical interventions, depending on the complexity of the task, are estimated from 700 to 45,000 rubles.

Surgical

dentistry

Edited by T. G. Robustova

Educational literature for medical students

EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE For medical students

Faculty of Dentistry

Surgical

dentistry

Second edition, revised and enlarged

Under the editorship of prof. T. G. ROBUSTOVA

„Medicine44 2000

UDC 616.31-089(02)

T. G. ROBUSTOVA, I. S. KARAPETYAN, I. F. ROMACHEVA, V. V. AFANASIEV,

Ya. M. Biberman, V. S. Starodubtsev, Yu. I. Chergeshtov, and E. Ya. Gubaidullina L. N. TSEGELNIK.

Reviewer M. A. GUBIN, Ph.D. honey. sciences, prof., head. Department of Surgical Dentistry, Voronezh medical academy them. N. N. Burdenko

Surgical dentistry: Textbook / Ed. T. G. RoX50 boost. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Medicine, 1996. - 688 p.: ill.: l. ill. (Study literature for students of medical universities). ISBN 5-225-00928-X

The textbook provides brief information about the history of the development of surgical dentistry and the organization of dental surgical care in a clinic, hospital. Data on general and local anesthesia and features of its use in operations on the maxillofacial area are given. Infectious odontogenic and non-odontogenic inflammatory diseases, diseases of the salivary glands, modern methods their diagnosis and treatment. The clinical picture, features of the development of tumors and tumor-like diseases of the maxillofacial region and modern methods of their treatment are outlined. Data on reconstructive surgery of the face and jaws are given.

TATYANA GRIGORYEVNA ROBUSTOVA, IRINA FEDOROVNA ROM ACH EVA, etc.

SURGICAL DENTISTRY

Head edited by A. K Yashdiiirov. Publishing house editor I. S. Afanasyeva Editor 3 V. Kolesnikova. Artistic editor O. A. Chetverikova Technical editor G I Zhtsoka. Proofreader M. P

Molokov.

J1P No. 010215 dated April 29 97. Signed for publication on March 16, 2000. Paper size 60x90/Jf. Offset paper No. 1, Typeface Literat Offset printing Uel pech. l 43.5. Uel. kr-ott. 45.0 Uch.-ed. l. 50.33. Doptir. 5000 copies Order No. 3129 of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Medicine Publishing House

101000, Moscow, Petroverigsky lane, 6/8.

CJSC "Shiko" Moscow, 2nd Setunsky pr., 11-27 The quality of printing corresponds to the quality of the transparencies provided.

Printed from ready-made transparencies at the State Unitary Enterprise of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Smolensk Regional Printing House. V I Smirnova. 214000, Smolensk, pr. Y. Gagarina, 2.

FOREWORD

The textbook of surgical dentistry was created by a group of authors of the departments of surgical dentistry of the Moscow Medical Dental Institute, which is an educational and methodological center for higher dental education in Russia. It reflects the experience of one of the oldest schools of surgical dentistry in our country - the school of the founder of Russian dentistry prof. A. N. Evdokimova and prof. G. A. Vasilyeva and includes new provisions, classifications, methods of treatment, established in this specialty. The textbook also reflects the experience of the country's leading surgical dentistry clinics.

The material is presented taking into account the latest achievements of medical science and practice. In the sections of surgical dentistry relating to the history of the development of the specialty, the organization of the work of outpatient and inpatient departments, examination of the patient, anesthesia, tooth extraction, inflammatory diseases, along with generally accepted principles and rules, new data are reflected. In the section devoted to the organization of surgical dental service, the main directive documents and orders are given, and recommendations are given for the work of a dentist in modern economic conditions. The principles of ethics and deontology, which a specialist must follow in his work, are highlighted.

When presenting inflammatory diseases, due attention is paid to the etiology, pathogenesis, pathological anatomy, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of each nosological form, as well as rehabilitation and prevention principles.

Among inflammatory diseases, the most numerous group is odontogenic processes - periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis of the jaw, abscess, phlegmon, lymphadenitis, etc. The textbook describes their current course and change clinical picture. Particular attention is paid surgical treatment, methods of surgical interventions, outcomes, complications and prognosis.

The textbook covers the trauma of the maxillofacial region from a modern point of view, and describes the traditional methods of diagnosis and treatment. The issues of gunshot wounds of the face and jaws, combined lesions, different kinds burns, frostbite and methods of their treatment. The main principles of diagnostics, treatment of tumors and tumor-like formations, dispensary

observation and rehabilitation of a large group of patients with these diseases. The main methods of surgical interventions and complex therapy with these diseases. Considerable attention is paid to reconstructive surgery of the face and jaws, new methods of repairing defects and eliminating deformities of the maxillofacial region.

The textbook will allow you to study the theoretical and practical issues necessary for a future specialist to work in the field of surgical dentistry.

CHAPTER I

SURGICAL DENTISTRY. ITS CONTENT, RELATION TO OTHER MEDICAL DISCIPLINES AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES

Surgical dentistry is one of the independent clinical disciplines of dentistry that studies surgical diseases and injuries of teeth, organs of the oral cavity, face and neck, bones of the facial skeleton, which require complex treatment. Among the methods of such treatment, surgical interventions are leading.

Surgical dentistry is closely related to other dental specialties - therapy, orthopedics, pediatric dentistry and uses common diagnostic and treatment methods with them. This relationship is due to the anatomical, topographical and physiological unity of the teeth, oral cavity organs, tissues of the maxillofacial region and the pathological processes mutually developing in them* Complex treatment dental diseases often consists of sequentially carried out medical measures methods of therapeutic, surgical and orthopedic dentistry.

Surgical dentistry is closely related to other medical specialties - therapy, surgery, otorhinolaryngology.

ophthalmology, neurology, radiology and radiology, which opens up great opportunities for its development and improvement. This discipline is also based on the achievements of the natural sciences, physics, chemistry and many branches of fundamental medicine: normal and topographic anatomy, normal and pathological physiology, microbiology, pathological anatomy, pharmacology, operative surgery and

Diseases according to the profile of surgical dentistry are divided into a number of groups depending on the etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, clinical picture and features of surgical treatment.

1. Inflammatory diseases of the teeth, jaws, tissues of the face and neck, organs of the oral cavity. These include odontogenic inflammatory processes(acute and chronic periodontitis, acute periostitis of the jaw, osteomyelitis of the jaw, abscesses, phlegmon, lymphadenitis), difficult teething, odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinus; infectious diseases- specific (actinomycosis, tuberculosis, syphilis), non-odontogenic (furuncle, carbuncle, erysipelas, anthrax, noma), inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands. In terms of frequency, they occupy one of the first places among the pathological processes observed in the conditions of a polyclinic and a surgical dental hospital.

2. Injuries of the organs of the oral cavity, face, bones of the facial skeleton of non-gunshot and gunshot origin, combined injuries, as well as combined lesions during radiation exposure, thermal, chemical and other injuries, frostbite.

3. Tumors and tumor-like diseases of the face, jaws and organs of the oral cavity, modern methods of their diagnosis according to International classification WHO.

4. Congenital and acquired defects and deformities of the face, jaws.

Surgical dental diseases often require emergency surgical interventions (acute inflammatory and traumatic diseases, including suffocation, bleeding, shock, etc.) and elective operations (chronic inflammatory diseases, trauma, tumors and tumor-like diseases, facial defects and deformities). , congenital malformations and developmental anomalies, etc.).

A dentist, regardless of the profile of his work, should be able to provide emergency care with fainting, collapse, shock, coma, heart and respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, epileptic state, allergic reactions, acute injury, including thermal, snake bites, poisoning, etc.

Among the operations that a dentist should be able to perform, a special place is occupied by tracheotomy.

The path of development of surgical dentistry reflects the path of development of other medical specialties, and each of its stages is

determined by the socio-social system, the level of development of the economy, science, culture.

AT For many centuries, surgery of the teeth and oral cavity has developed slowly, outside of medical science and practice, remaining one of the sections of dentistry. An important role in the development of dentistry was played by the French surgeon of the 16th century, Ambroise Pare, who designed instruments for tooth extraction, determined the indications and contraindications for this intervention, and developed the technique of some operations, including tooth replantation.

To develop the surgical aspect of dentistry in 18th century France great importance had the activity of the founder of dentistry, Pierre Fauchard, who in his first manual on dentistry outlined the issues of dental surgery.

AT In feudal and serf Russia, the development of dental and oral surgery was slower than in European countries. For many centuries, surgical manipulations were limited to the extraction of teeth, which was done by artisan doctors. And only at the royal court, foreign doctors performed surgical dental operations.

The development of domestic dentistry, including certain surgical interventions, is associated with the name of Peter I, with the appearance of foreign physicians at his court.

AT The development of dental and oral surgery was of great importance for the apprenticeship schools of foreign dentists, the training of dentists and dentists, and at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century - dentists. In the 19th century, surgery, along with other specialties of medicine, had a great influence on the development of dentistry. During this period, various sections of surgery began to take shape, develop and acquire independence, including maxillofacial surgery.

AT 1808 Prof. A. Bush performed the first operation on a cleft lip. In 1820, a student of A. Bush, Professor of the Medical University A. I. Paul developed methods for some operations, including resection mandible. In 1843, I. V. Buyalsky successfully performed a resection of the lower jaw, simplifying the operation.

The attention of surgeons to the surgical section of dentistry contributed to the improvement of maxillofacial operations within the framework of general surgery. The founder of many of them should rightfully be considered the remarkable Russian doctor and scientist N. I. Pirogov. He developed the basis for the treatment of tumors of the maxillofacial region. He proposed simultaneous plastic surgery of postoperative defects, gave basic recommendations for the treatment and surgical treatment of gunshot wounds of the face and jaws, and for plastic surgery after injury.

For the development of plastic surgery of the face, the activity of Professor of Kyiv University Yu. K. Shi played a great role

manovskogo. He developed a systematic principle for indications for plastic surgery, proposed improved versions of them, created original methods of surgical interventions. Of great importance in the development of maxillary operations were the studies of V. Khandrikov, A. Dudukalov, N. Vorontsovsky, A. Pelshansky, N. V. Vysotsky, I. Korovin, V. Antonevich, N. V. Sklifosovsky and others.

Surgical clinics of the medical faculties of Moscow and Kyiv universities, the Medical and Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg became schools of maxillofacial surgery. For the organization of dental care for the population, dental education, controlled by the state, was of great importance.

The first training school for future dentists was the privatdocent courses of odontology at the Department of Hospital Surgery of Moscow University (N.N. Znamensky), the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy (P.F. Fedorov) and the St. Petersburg Higher Women's Medical Courses (A. K. Limberg).

All the shortcomings and difficulties of dentistry were clearly revealed during the Russian-Japanese and World War I, when a large number of wounded in the maxillofacial region were observed. During this period, the Russian dentist S. S. Tigershtedt (1914) proposed a method for immobilizing fragments of the jaws in case of fractures using wire splints; G. I. Vilga (1915) developed a method for fixing fragments of the jaws with stamped cap splints with elastic traction; R. Faltin, systematizing gunshot injuries of the face, gave specific practical recommendations for their treatment.

The separation of surgical dentistry into an independent discipline began after the First World War and was finally realized in the 20-30s.

An important role in the development of surgical dentistry was played by: the State Odontological Institute, first organized in 1919 in Kyiv (later transformed into the Faculty of Odontology); since 1919 - the Department of Odontology (then Dentistry) at the Donetsk Medical Institute (N.A. Astakhov); since 1920 - Department of Odontology and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Medical Faculty of Moscow University (JI. A. Govseev); Department of Odontology and Dentistry at the Kazan Medical Institute (P. A. Glushkov); since 1921 - the Faculty of Dentistry of the Kharkov State Medical Institute (E.M. Gofung) and since 1922 - the State Institute of Dentistry, renamed the State Institute of Dentistry and Odontology in Moscow, whose director since November 1922 was Professor A.I. Evdokimov.

Since 1920, the study of odontology has been introduced at the higher medical school along with other medical disciplines (later

dentistry). This made it possible to create a personnel basis for dentistry, including surgical dentistry, and at the same time lay the main organizational, scientific and practical basis for special

A specialist in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity is called either a dentist or a dentist. Many people believe that these are synonyms. This is not entirely true. In fact, dentists are doctors with specialized secondary education.

Dentistry

The title of dentist was introduced by Peter I in 1710. It was awarded to graduates of hospital schools who passed a special examination. For a long period, they were the only ones who could perform tooth extractions.

Gradually, as dentistry as a science developed, departments of dentistry began to appear in universities, as the need for more qualified specialists who could apply the latest advances in medicine grew. Today, the line between dentist and dentist has begun to blur. Many people sincerely believe that this is one and the same profession.

This is not true. Now, as before, you can still become a dentist. To do this, you need to unlearn 3 years in a medical college. After receiving a diploma, a specialist will be able to perform manipulations that do not require high qualifications. So dentists are average medical staff, which is severely limited in skills and abilities, compared with dentists with a higher medical education.

What does a dentist treat?

The dentist performs a general examination of the oral cavity and identifies the cause of the pain. He is able to put fillings, treat gum disease, give recommendations on the selection of toothpaste and compliance with the rules of oral hygiene. It is the responsibility of the dentist to refer the patient to a more qualified doctor if a serious illness is found.

There is no highly qualified medical staff in rural areas and small towns. Because of this, the dentist is forced to perform the functions of a dentist.

This is wrong, because they do not have enough education to treat diseases such as pulpitis, periostitis and others. In big cities, no one will allow a dentist to do difficult work.

How is a dentist different from a dentist?

The difference lies in the level of education. A dentist, unlike a dentist, studied at the university for five years, after which he completed two years of residency or a year of internship. In addition to the ability to treat teeth, the doctor has a general idea of ​​\u200b\u200ball the physiological processes occurring in the human body.

With better qualifications, the dentist deals with much more complex dental diseases. Thus, if pulpitis is detected in a patient, he can immediately begin treatment, unlike a dentist who is obliged to refer a person to a highly qualified specialist. The dentist therapist has the opportunity to improve their skills by completing training in a narrower specialty.

Dentists

After graduating from the Faculty of Dentistry medical university graduates are awarded diplomas of a dentist therapist. After that, each of them can get a narrower specialty. For example, nothing prevents him from completing his residency and becoming a surgeon. Therapists are the most common profession in this field of medicine.

therapists

General dentists are often referred to as general dentists. He examines the patient and, if necessary, directs him to narrower specialists. In addition, it is able to cure a large number of diseases of the oral cavity. Basically, the work of a dentist therapist is to treat caries and its complications:

1. Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental nerves. It is characterized by constant pain, aggravated by pressure. The dentist therapist removes the nerve endings and seals the canal of the tooth.
2. Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tissues around the tooth, leading to the destruction of the ligaments that hold it, followed by its loss. It can be the result of both advanced caries and traumatic damage.
3. Periostitis, often referred to as flux, is an inflammation of the periosteum. The cause could be an infection. Often develops in advanced cases of pulpitis and periodontitis. Therapeutic measures consist in pumping out pus and removing the affected tooth.

Orthopedists

The work of an orthopedist is to prosthetic teeth in case of violation of their chewing surface. It is the podiatrist who helps people keep smiling and chewing after losing their own teeth. The orthopedist not only installs prostheses, but also diagnoses the oral cavity, revealing damage to the teeth and jaws.

Dental prostheses used in orthopedics are both removable and non-removable, such as crowns, bridges, implants, and pins.

surgeons

Surgical dentistry differs from therapeutic dentistry in that a dentist surgeon is engaged in the extraction of teeth. In practice, it often happens that the disease is detected too late. With severe destruction, the tooth can no longer be saved. It should be torn out, and a prosthesis put in its place. A specialist can implant pins, crowns and other structures.

The surgical practice of doctors is quite extensive, so they deal with diseases not related to teeth. For example, they perform operations on the salivary glands, trigeminal nerve and over the jaw joint. It is the surgeon who removes improperly growing wisdom teeth that cause pain to the patient and healthy teeth hindering the growth of others. Since the operation to remove a tooth is often more difficult than the removal of appendicitis, the qualifications of these specialists are considered high.

Cosmetic dentistry has also become popular. The surgeon may reshape the gingival margin, enlarge the oral vestibule, and trim the frenulum under the tongue and upper lip to prevent speech defects in the child.

Orthodontists

The work of an orthodontist is to correct the incorrect structure of the jaw - malocclusion leads not only to a deterioration in the aesthetic qualities of a smile, but also threatens with pathologies of the digestive system, headaches. Orthodontists correct the curvature of the teeth, align the row of their growth and install braces. These designs allow you to correct the bite without injuring the soft tissues of the oral cavity. True, when using them, the process of straightening the teeth is delayed for a long period.

Children's dentists

When treating children's teeth, special tools, preparations and methods are used than with adults. When calculating the required dosage of an anesthetic for anesthesia, the physiology of the child's body is taken into account. The doctor needs to know the basics of child psychology, as kids are afraid of dentists. That is why there is a separate specialization - pediatric dentistry. He can be a therapist, a surgeon, etc.

The common opinion among many negligent parents that children do not need to treat their teeth, since they will fall out anyway, is fundamentally wrong. The health of the milk teeth and the oral cavity also determines how healthy the permanent ones will be.